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2017年 上海市杨浦区中考一模语文试题及答案及答案

2017年 上海市杨浦区中考一模语文试题及答案及答案

杨浦区初三语文一模试题(满分：150分考试时间：100分钟）[考生注意：本卷共有27题。

请将所有答案写在答卷上，写在试卷上不计分]一、文言文阅读（39分）(一）默写（15分）1. ，一点飞鸿影下。

（《天净沙•秋》）2.僵卧孤村不自哀，。

（《十一月四日风雨大作》）3.望极春愁，。

(《蝶恋花》）4. ，渔人甚异之。

（《桃花源记》）5.呼嘘毒疠，。

（《捕蛇者说》）(二）阅读古诗词，完成6 - 7题（4分）破阵子•为陈同甫赋壮词以寄[宋]辛弃疾醉里挑灯看剑，梦回吹角连营。

八百里分麾下炙,五十弦翻塞外声，沙场秋点兵。

马作的卢飞快，弓如霹雳弦惊。

了却君王天下事，赢得生前身后名。

可怜白发生！6.“沙场秋点兵”一句中，“秋”字既点明了，又为战士出征增添气氛。

（2分）7.列说法最不正确的一项是（）（2分）A．这首词中“八百里分麾下炙，五十弦翻塞外声”营造了豪迈高昂的军营生活氛围。

B．这首词中“可怜”一词，使整首词的风格由雄壮变为悲壮，表现作者壮志难酬。

C．这首词描写了吹角、分炙、奏乐、点兵、杀敌等多种军营生活。

D．这首词成功运用了“八百里”“五十弦”“沙场”“的卢”“霹雳”等多个历史典故。

(三）阅读下文，完成8 - 10题（8分)出师表先帝创业未半，而中道崩殂；今天下三分，益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。

然侍卫之臣不懈于内，忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。

诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气；不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。

宫中府中，俱为一体，陟罚臧否，不宜异同。

若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之理；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。

8.本文作者是时期的。

选文中“先帝”是指。

(3分）9.选文中有些词语已经成为经常使用的成语，请写出两个：和。

（2分）10.请简要概括选文第一段的内容要点。

（3分）（四）阅读下文，完成11 - 14题（12分）杨震1孤贫好学，明欧阳《尚书》，通达博览，诸儒为之语曰：“关西孔子杨伯起。

2017年上海市杨浦区等级考物理一模试卷(含详解)

2017年上海市杨浦区等级考物理一模试卷(含详解)

2017年上海市杨浦区高考物理一模试卷一、选择题I1．关于质点，下列说法中正确的是（）A．质点就是几何点B．质点就是质量很小的点C．质点就是体积很小的点D．质点就是用来代替物体的有质量的点2．关于物体运动的速度和加速度的关系，下列说法正确的是（）A．加速度就是增加的速度B．速度越大，加速度也越大C．速度变化越快，加速度一定越大D．加速度的方向保持不变，速度方向也一定保持不变3．下列说法中，正确的是（）A．有受力物体，就必定有施力物体B．力只能产生在相互接触的物体之间C．施力物体施力在先，受力物体受力在后D．力是一个物体就能产生的，而并不需要其他物体的存在4．简谐运动中反映物体振动强弱的物理量是（）A．周期B．频率C．振幅D．位移5．关于重力，下列说法正确的是（）A．球体的重心一定在球心上B．物体上只有重心处才受到重力作用C．物体向上抛出时受到的重力小于它静止时受到的重力D．同一物体在同一地点，无论运动状态如何，其所受重力都一样大6．关于机械波，下列说法中正确的是（）A．机械波的振幅与波源振动的振幅不相等B．在机械波的传播过程中，离波源越远的质点振动的周期越大C．在波的传播过程中，介质中质点的振动频率等于波源的振动频率D．在波的传播过程中，介质中质点的振动速度等于波的传播速度7．关于电场，下列说法中正确的是（）A．电场并不是客观存在的物质B．描述电场的电场线是客观存在的C．电场对放入其中的电荷有力的作用D．电场对放入其中的电荷没有力的作用8．如图，一圆形金属环与两固定的平行长直导线在同一竖直平面内，环的圆心与两导线距离相等，环的直径小于两导线间距．两导线中通有大小相等、方向向下的恒定电流．以下说法正确的是（）A．金属环向上运动，则环上的感应电流方向为顺时针方向B．金属环向下运动，则环上的感应电流方向为顺时针方向C．金属环向左侧直导线靠近，则环上的感应电流方向为逆时针D．金属环向右侧直导线靠近，则环上的感应电流方向为逆时针9．图示为锥形齿轮的传动示意图，大齿轮带动小齿轮转动，大、小齿轮的角速度大小分别为ω1、ω2，两齿轮边缘处的线速度大小分别为v1、v2，则（）A．ω1＜ω2，v1=v2B．ω1＞ω2，v1=v2C．ω1=ω2，v1＞v2D．ω1=ω2，v1＜v210．锂电池能量密度高、绿色环保．现用充电宝为一手机锂电池（图甲）充电，等效电路如图乙所示，充电宝的输出电压为U，输出电流为I，该锂电池的内阻为r，则（）A．充电宝输出的电功率为UI+I2rB．电能转化为化学能的功率为UIC．锂电池产生的热功率为I2rD．锂电池产生的热功率为11．如图，直线a、b和c、d是处于匀强电场中的两组平行线，M、N、P、Q是它们的交点，四点处的电势分别为φM，φN，φP，φQ，一电子由M点分别到N 点和P点的过程中，电场力所做的负功相等，则（）A．直线a位于某一等势面内，φM＞φQB．直线c位于某一等势面内，φM＞φNC．若电子由M点运动到Q点，电场力做正功D．若电子由P点运动到Q点，电场力做负功12．如图，两个轻环a和b套在位于竖直面内的一段固定圆弧上：一细线穿过两轻环，其两端各系一质量为m的小球，在a和b之间的细线上悬挂一小物块。

2017年上海市杨浦区中考一模英语试题及答案及答案

2017年上海市杨浦区中考一模英语试题及答案及答案

杨浦区2017 学年度第一学期期末质量调研初三英语练习卷 1Part1 Listening第一部分听力）I. Listening Comprehension （听力理解）: （共30 分）A.Listen and choose the right picture （根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）:（6 分）B.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear （根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案）: （共8 分）7. A） He went camping. B） He visited campus. C） He stayed at home. D） He did housework.gifts.B) By plane. C) By train.D) By bus.14. A)Several towns were struck by the floods. B)Several people were killed in the floods.C) Nobody got hurt or killed in the floods. D)Many people were homeless after the floods.8. A) Rainy. B) Fine. C) Windy.D). Snowy. 9. A ) Every day. C) Every two days. times a year.10. A) 10yuan. B) 20yuan. D)40dyuan. 11. A) In thesupermarket. airport. C) In the church. office.12. A) The weather. Asia.D)A couple ofC)30yuan.B) At theD) At the postB) SoutheastC) Travel plan.D) Christmas13.A) By taxi. B) Once aweek.C.Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false（判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容，符合的用“ T”表示，不符合的用“ F”表示）: （共 6 分）15.Tom went interview and was told to take s test.16.The manager of the big company wanted to email the test result to Tom.17.Tom didn't get the job as an office boy because he didn't have an email.18.With $10 Tom bought 10 kilos of tomatoes and sold them on the streets.19.It took several years for Tom to become one of the biggest food retailers （零售商） in the US.20. The story tells us that modem technology brings great convenience to businessmen.D.Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences （听短文，完成下列内容，每空格限填一词）: （共10 分）2I.Tim Berners-Lee studied at Oxford University, and while he was there he built his first computer.22.In 1980 he a computer program to organizehis notes.23.He designed a system called HTML that allows people to andput them on a web on the Internet. .24.In 1991, 11 years after his first idea for a program, the World Wide Web .25.Berners-Lee wanted his invention to befor everybody.Part2 Phonetics,Grammar and vocabulary(第二部分语音、语法和词汇)II. Choose the best answer ( 选择最恰当的答案): ( 共20 分) is correct for the underlined word26.I could see he was carrying a gun. Which of the following in the sentence?A) /gu;n/ B) /g n/ C) /g ?n/D)/g ?n/27.Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?A) Wild animals should not be kept in zoos. B) Add a little more liquid to the sauce.C) I had a burning desire to visit France. D) It ' snot wise for hurt to travel alone.28.The sign says we can park our ear here. It's information signA) a B)an C)the D)/29. A fire had broken out and caused much to the roof. A) death B) accident C) damageD) problem30.The stampede( 踩踏事件) which happened at the Bund area is disaster to hit Shanghaiin recent years.A) bad B) worse C) worstD) the worst31.The war lasts, the more the people there will suffer.A)Long B)The long C)Longer D)The longer32.95% of the passengers say they are satisfied the public transport service.A)in B)for C)to D)with33.I c alled my father and told him about my progress. He sounded really .A) happy B) happily C) happinessD) unhappy34.Even a small portable computer store huge amounts of information.,A) can B) may C) mustD) should35.Would you mind me a small favor?A) do B) doing C) to doD) to doing36.There are no empty seats on this flight, but there are available on the next one.A) few B) a few C)little D) a little37. the government has promised to improve road safety, sharply.A) goes B)wentC) will goD) had gone40.The house was just what 1 wanted, it was the right price. A) or B) but C) D) so41.I d on't believe in letting children whatever they want to do.A) do B) doing C) to do D) to doing 42.The Red Cross is always the first help towhen a disaster happens.A) provide B) providing C) to D) to providinglittle has been achieved so far. A) If B) AlthoughD) Because 38.They in Italy for twelveEngland. A) liveB) were livinglived D) had livedC) Unlessyears before they moved toC) have39. As soon as the sun down, the temperature drops43. exciting program Tint Running Man is! A) What B) What aC) What anD) How44. Here is the package yon ordered. It this morning.A) deliver B) is deliveredD) was delivered45. —— Are you going to buy a car this year?—— The price for a car plate is so high. I'llwait and see,A) Why not? B) Not really.C) Well, I 'll certainly buy one. D) 1couldn't agree with you more.Ⅲ. Complete the following passage with the words or phrasesin the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once ( 将下列单词或词组填入空格。

2017年杨浦一模试卷(18,24,25)

2017年杨浦一模试卷(18,24,25)

18、如图，在ABC 中，AB=AC=5BC=6BD AC D ^，，于点，将BCD B 绕点逆时针旋转，旋转角的大小与CAB Ð相等，如果点C D 、旋转后分别落在点E F 、的位置，那么EFD Ð的正切值是_________________
23.已知：如图，在ABC D 中，
点D G 、分别在边AB BC 、上，
A C D =
B A G
C
D 行，与相交于点
（1）求证：2AC =AD AB ×；
（2）若AD
DF
=AC CG ，求证2CG =DF BG ×
24、在直角坐标系中，抛物线2443(0)y ax ax a a =-++<的顶点为D ，它的对称轴与x 轴交点为M ；
（1）求D M 、的坐标
（2）如果该抛物线与y 轴的交点为A ，点P 在抛物线上，且AM DP ，AM=2DP ，求a 的值
25、在直角三角形ABC 中，ACB=90AC=BC=2Ð ，，点P 为边BC 上一动点（不与B C
、重合），点P AC AB 关于直线、的对称点分别为M N 、，联结MN 交AB 于点F ，AC E 交边于点；
（1）如图，当点P 为边BC 的中点时， 求M Ð的正切值
（2）联结FP ，设,.MPF CP x S y D ==求y 关于x 的函数解析式，并写出定义域
（3）联结AM ，当点P 在边BC 上运动时，AEF ABM D
D 和是否一定相似？ 若是，请证明，若不是，请求出AEF ABM D
D 和相似时CP 的长；。

杨浦区2017学年度第一学期高三模拟高质量调研

杨浦区2017学年度第一学期高三模拟高质量调研

杨浦区2017学年度第一学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2017. 12 本试卷分为第I卷（第1-11页）和第II卷（第12页）两部分。

全卷共12页。

满分140分。

考试时间120分钟。

考生注意：1．答第I卷前，考生务必将条形码粘贴在答题纸的指定区域内。

2. 第I卷（1-20小题，31---70小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。

考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。

答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。

答案写在试卷上一律不给分。

第I卷中的第21-30小题，IV. Summary Writing部分和第II卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸的规定区域内，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上则无效。

第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a professor's office. B. In a second-hand book shop.C. In a library.D. In a hospital.2. A. 10 yuan. B. 20 yuan.C. 30 yuan.D. 50 yuan.3. A. House agent and customer. B. Shop assistant and customer.C. Car mechanic and car owner.D. Employer and employee.4. A. The man doesn't believe what the woman says.B. The weather report spoils the man's good mood.C. They will cancel the hiking due to the bad weather.D. The man thinks it unnecessary to give up the adventure.5. A. She always talks bad about her colleagues.B. She has a good reputation among her colleagues.C. She is good at handling complicated relationships.D. She has good relations with her colleagues and boss.6. A. Harmony in a community. B. Safety in the neighborhood.C. Preparation for Christmas.D. Ways to save electricity.7. A. Watching advertisements may help ease eyestrain（眼疲劳）.B. It's a great chance to break the habit of watching TV.C. The advertisements are long enough for her to have a nap.D. Focusing eyes on the screen for a long time is harmful to eyes.8. A. The man decides to go home by rail.B. Most people travel by car during the festival.C. Most people arrive beyond the scheduled time.D. The man will have a sound sleep on the bus.9. A. He is not a bit overweight.B. He likes his fitness instructor.C. She has set too many rules for him.D. She should talk with his personal trainer.10. A. Greeks are not allowed to get married before 18.B. Greek kids are not as independent as American kids.C. American parents don’t pay for children's wedding.D. Greek parents will take care of children until they are 18.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The burn is 20 millimeters across.B. The burn is small but very painful.C. The burn takes away the victim's feeling.D. The burn is small but the skin is damaged.12. A. Use a clean plastic bag to keep warm.B. Bind up the burn with bandage or cloth.C. Treat the burned area with cold running water.D. Flush（冲洗）the burn with ice water for several minutes.13. A. To avoid infection. B. To ease pain.C. To speed recovery.D. To reduce stickiness. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A cell phone. B. A leather wallet.C. A mini camera.D. An alarm clock.15. A. The wallet will sound an alarm.B. It will track the thief with GPS system.C. It will contact the bank to block balance.D. Its owner will receive a picture of the thief.16. A. It's out-dated in this digital age.B. It can text messages automatically.C. It is a multifunctional wallet.D. It is unique in appearance and function.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The concert is beyond her curfew(宵禁).B. She can’t go out on school night.C. Her mother is not available.D. She doesn’t like the band.18. A. His parents set a strict rule for him.B. His parents don’t care when he is back.C. He is self-disciplined and trustworthy.D. He envies those who have curfews.19. A. Promoting maturity. B. Giving sense of security.C. Improving sense of responsibility.D. Discouraging independence.20. A. It’s a severe punishment. B. It’s for her good.C. It’s a ridiculous practice.D. It’s an exceptional case.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It’s interesting when you think about how Japan is a nation (21) ______ appreciates the virtues of silence and good manners, and yet when it comes to eating noodles, Japanese people can be (22) ______ (loud) in the world.According to lifestyle website grapee.jp, slurping (发出"哧溜"声) when eating noodles (23) ______ (encourage) in Japanese culture. It’s believed that taking air into your mouth (24) ______ enhance the flavor of the noodles, and that it helps cool down the noodles. It’s also considered to be a way to show appreciation for the dish. Sometimes, just making the noise alone seems to make the noodles more enjoyable.It wasn’t until a new expression –“noodle harassment（骚扰）”-- came out last year on social media (25) ______ Japanese people started to realize that the slurping noise is making some foreign visitors uncomfortable.(26) ______ a response, Japanese instant noodle maker Nissin introduced a so-called noise-canceling fork last month. The fork, which looks like an electric toothbrush, is connected wirelessly to a smart phone. When the person using the fork starts to slurp, the fork sends asignal to the person’s phone, (27) ______ (make) it play a sound to mask the slurping noise.But is it really necessary? Dining traditions do vary. (28) ______ is considered to be proper table manners in one country is likely to be seen as rude in another. In India, people eat with their hands (29) ______ they think in this way they build a connection with the food. However, people who are used to eating with forks might find it uncomfortable to get their hands (30) ______ (cover) in oil and bits of food. But this eating method is part of Indian's culture, just like Japan's slurping is part of its own.“So, if your are eating noodles, whether that’s ramen, uudon, or soba, please slurp,” wrote reporter Brian Ashcraft on blog Kotaku. “If anyone gets annoyed while you are doing that, pay them no mind because they're missing the point entirely.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. tissueB. treatedC. potentialD. engineeringE. environmentF. limitedG. procedure H. commercial I. promising J. expanding K. internalScientists have developed a new surgical glue that could transform emergency treatments by sealing up critical wounds in the skin or the organs, without the need for staples or sutures（钉合或缝合）.It’s called MeTro. It was developed by researchers from both Harvard Medical School and the University of Sydney, led by Nasim Annabi, an assistant professor of chemical __31__. The glue is made from a modified （改良的）human protein that responds to UV light, allowing the application and drying of the gel-like substance in just a minute.According to the international team of researchers behind the glue,it could quite literally be a lifesaver, sealing up wounds in 60 seconds without stopping the natural __32__ and relaxing of the organ or the skin it’s applied to. Wounds __33__ with MeTro can heal up in half the time compared with stitches or staples, the researchers claim, and if surgeryis required then MeTro can simplify that __34__ too. It's also one of several ways researchers are exploring to engineer our body's own natural substances to help repair it when needed.The __35__ applications are powerful – from treating serious __36__ wounds at emergency sites such as following car accidents and in war zones, as well as improving hospital surgeries.MeTro is simple to apply, can be easily stored, and works closely with natural __37__ to heal a wound. What’s more, it degrades without leaving any kind of poisonous leftovers in the body.For now the trials are __38__ to animal models. But human trials are in the works, and the results to date are incredibly __39__. If the MeTro can be further developed into a __40__ product, it could become an essential part of a first responder’s toolkit.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Competition is good for businesses. In the world of navigation（导航） systems, however, competition is also a necessity --- it may not be wise to rely on foreign systems for positioning and tracking services. Now, ___41___ remarkable accuracy and reliability, China’s BeiDou system has made its presence felt.The BeiDou project was set up in 1994. The first BeiDou satellite was not launched until 2000. Now, ___42___, there are already more than 20 BeiDou satellites in orbit (轨道) . They form a ___43___ network that provides positioning, navigation and timing services for China and several other Asian countries.This “home-grown" system is now ___44___ a major upgrade. Earlier this month, two BeiDou-3 satellites, the first of China’s most powerful ___45___of navigation satellites, were launched into space. The launch marks the beginning of the global ___46___ of the BeiDou navigation system. Over the next three years, China plans to send up 30 more BeiDou-3 satellites; The expanded navigation system will ___47___ create a network that is able to support military and civilian applications around the world.Scientists involved in the project said the new system would give civilian users an accuracy of 2.5 meters to five meters, overtaking that of the ___48___ positioning technologies. BeiDou’s chief designer said the new satellites would be able to __49___ which lane a car is using on a motorway and __50___ the swing of a building in high winds. It will also be able to guide fire trucks to the nearest water hydrant (消防栓).The Chinese military, meanwhile, will be able to use coded signals for millimeter（毫米）___51___ .China is only the third country in the world to develop a navigation system on its own, after the United States (GPS) and Russia (GLONASS). Developing BeiDou is a necessity. The system __52___ national security by ending a reliance on foreign systems. Moreover, it enhances China’s international reputation for technological ___53___.For most of us, the benefits of the new satellite system will be felt in a couple of years when more phones are ___54___ with BeiDou chips (芯片). Many smartphones today still use GPS and GLONASS. That’ll soon change with the development of BeiDou. One product manager ___55___ mostsmartphones to be able to receive BeiDou signals. He says: “In three years’time, people may still say ‘I’m using GPS’, but in fact, their phone is tune in to BeiDou. ”41. A. dominating B. boasting C. shifting D. inputting42. A. however B. afterwards C. moreover D. therefore43. A. continental B. local C. domestic D. regional44. A. enduring B. encountering C. undergoing D. processing45. A. generation B. information C. examination D. revolution46. A. extension B. expansion C. interaction D. invasion47. A. objectively B. eventually C. sufficiently D. essentially48. A. existing B. progressing C. upcoming D. everlasting49. A. explore B. investigate C. spot D. remind50. A. detect B. prevent C. protect D. adjust51. A. privacy B. accuracy C. fluency D.currency52. A. convinces B. insures C. highlights D. strengthens53. A. innovation B. consumption C. emission D. exhibition54. A. decorated B. furnished C. equipped D. connected55. A. respects B. instructs C. inspects D. expectsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A Swedish power plant is taking reuse and recycle to the next level by burning unusable clothing instead of coal, Bloomberg reports.Retail giant Hennes & Mauritz, more commonly known as H&M, is helping the utility transition away from coal through its moldy (发霉的) or otherwise unsalable clothing.The multi-fuel power and heating station in Västerås, central Sweden, is planning to be completely fossil-fuel free by 2020. It’s thelargest station of its kind and Sweden claims it’s one of Europe’s cleanest. To kick its coal habit, the station is turning instead to other burnable materials including recycled wood, rubbish and yes, clothes.“Our goal is to use only renewable and recycled fuels,” Jens Neren, head of fuel supplies at the utility company which owns and operates the Västerås plant, told Bloomberg.Johanna Dahl, head of communications for H&M in Sweden, told Bloomberg that the company allows only the burning of clothes which are no longer safe to use.“It is our legal obligation to make sure that clothes that contain mold or do not meet the requirements of our strict restriction on chemicals are destroyed,” she said.The Västerås plant has burned around 15 tons of old H&M clothes so far this year, compared with about 400,000 tons of rubbish, Neren told Bloomberg.Sweden has one of the world’s greener energy generating systems, and has invested in bioenergy, solar power and electric buses. In 2015, the Scandinavian country announced an ambitious aim to become one of the first nations in the world to end its dependence on fossil fuels. According to the Swedish government, the country has already heavily reduced its dependence on oil, which accounted for 75% of the energy supply in 1970, and now makes up a 20% share.56. Which of the following can serve as fuel in the Västerås plant?A. Fashionable coats in H&M chain store.B. Old TV sets deserted as rubbish.C. Wooden furniture in second-hand shop.D. H&M clothes unsuitable for sale.57. The underlined word in the last paragraph “generating” is closestin meaning to ______.A. eliminatingB. adjustingC. producingD. circulating58. What can we learn from the passage?A. The Swedish government discourages the development of bioenergy.B. Clothes only take up a small proportion of the burning material.C. Sweden’s fossil-fuel free plan is almost accomplished by now.D. Sweden has an ambition to be the cleanest country in the world.59. What is the main idea of the passage?A. A Swedish power plant is burning unusable H&M clothes for fuel.B. The Swedish government aims high and is taking effective action.C. H&M is looking for a new way to strengthen its position in fashion.D. Coal and oil are no longer regarded as the primary fuels in Sweden.(B)60. Before an adventure, a trekker should ______.A. tell the park officials his destination and time scheduleB. pack up some jungle fruit juice and pre-cooked mealsC. consult a local guide about the most adventurous routeD. have his fitness level assessed at the tourist center61. Which of the following is NOT suitable for a rainforest trekking?A. Long-sleeved cotton shirts.B. Tight sports shorts.C. Hiking boots.D. A wide brimmed hat.62. If a trekker starts out at dawn, he may ______.A. escape being caught in the rainB. sight scared wildlifeC. enjoy the heat of the tropical sunD. see animals seeking food(C)The largest genetic study of mosquitoes has found their ability to resist insecticides is evolving rapidly and spreading across Africa, putting millions of people at higher risk of contracting malaria（疟疾）.British scientists who led the work said mosquitoes' growing resistance to control tools such as insecticide-treated bed nets and insecticide spraying, which have helped cut malaria cases since 2000, now threatens “to disturb malaria control” in Africa.“Our study highlights the severe challenges facing public efforts to control mosquitoes and to manage and limit insecticide resistance,” said Martin Donnelly of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, who worked on the study with a team from Britain’s Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.Latest World Health Organization (WHO) data show that 216 million people were infected last year with the malaria parasite(寄生虫), which is transmitted by blood-sucking Anopheles mosquitoes.The disease killed 445,000 people in 2016, and the majority of them were children in sub-Saharan Africa.To understand how mosquitoes are evolving, the researchers sequenced the DNA of 765 wild Anopheles mosquitoes taken from 15 locations across eight African countries. Their work, published in the journal Nature on Wednesday, created the largest data resource on natural genetic variation for any species of insect.Analyzing the data, the scientists found that the Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes（冈比亚疟蚊）were extremely genetically diverse （多样化的）compared with most other animal species. This high genetic diversity enables rapid evolution, they said, and helps to explain how mosquitoes develop insecticide resistance so quickly.The data also showed the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance appeared to be due to many previously unknown genetic variants（变体）within certain genes. The scientists said these genetic variants for insecticide resistance were not only emerging independently in different parts of Africa, but were also being spread across the continent by mosquito migration.Michael Chew, an expert at Britain’s Wellcome Trust global health charity which helped fund the research, said the finds underlined the importance of pushing scientific research ahead to control malaria.Global efforts to control malaria through effective vaccine, insecticides and the best drug combinations require urgent, united action by scientists, drug companies, governments and the WHO.63. Which of the following is scientists’ headache?A. The number of mosquitoes in Africa is growing rapidly.B. Some genetic variants of mosquitoes are still unknown.C. The existing insecticides aren’t as effective as they used to be.D. Millions of African people have resistance to medicines for malaria.64. Malaria cases can be cut by ______.A. threatening drug companiesB. spraying insecticidesC. limiting blood donationD. transmitting data65. What CANNOT be concluded from the passage?A. Children are more likely to be bit by mosquitoes.B. Many previously unknown variants are found in the study.C. The mosquito migration contributes to the spread of variants.D. Anopheles mosquitoes have great genetic diversity.66. Which is FALSE about the genetic study of mosquitoes?A. It created the largest data on natural genetic variation for any insect species.B. It found the possible causes for the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance.C. It discovered where the genetic variants emerged and how they were spread.D. It highlighted the public efforts and appealed to limit the use of insecticides.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Imagine you're standing in line to buy an afterschool snack at a store. You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food. Next, you have to pay. But instead of scanning a QR code with your smartphone, you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint. Or, a camera scans your face, your eyes or even your ear.__________67__________ As technology companies move away from traditional password, biometric（生物识别） security, which includes fingerprint, face and voice ID, is becoming increasingly popular.In 2013, Apple introduced the iPhone 5s, one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner. Since then, using one’s fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace, bringing convenience to our lives. And since last year, Samsung has featured eye-scanning technology in its top smartphones, while Apple’s new iPhone X can even scan a user’s face.__________68__________ “Biometrics, ideally, are good,”John Michener, a biometric expert, told tech website Inverse. “In practice, not so much.”When introducing the new iPhone’s Face ID feature at Apple’s Keynote Event in September, Phil Schiller, Apple’s senior vice president, said, “__________69__________”But it’s already been done. In a video posted on community website Reddit on Nov 3, two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face, Quartz reported. And they aren’t even twins.“We may expect too much from biometrics,” Anil Jain, a computer science professor at Michigan State University, told CBS news. “No security systems are perfect.”Earlier this year, Jain found a way to trick biometric security. Using a printed copy of a thumbprint, she was able to unlock a dead person's smartphone for police.“It’s good to see biometrics being used more,” Jain told CBS News, “because it adds another factor for security. __________70__________”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It’s a common sight to see food delivery workers riding electric bikes through big cities in China. Most of them seem to be in a hurry, as they run red lights to deliver their meals in time. However, such reckless （鲁莽的）behavior often causes serious problems.In the first half of this year, food delivery drivers had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai alone, according to the Shanghai Public Security Bureau. This means that on average, there is a food delivery worker that gets hurt or even dies on the road in Shanghai every 2.5 days.Other cities also share similar problems. In Nanjing, three people died and 2,473 were injured in road accidents related to food delivery workers in the same period, according to the Ministry of Public Security.The rise of reckless behavior among food delivery workers is closely related to the growing demand for their service, reported People’s Daily. About 150 million people in China use food delivery services, according to China Radio International (CRI). Such a big market has led to a large demand for food delivery workers, with some companies offering high salaries to attract new workers.However, food delivery workers are often under high pressure from their employers. They face company fines of 20 yuan for delivering food late and upwards of 200 yuan for receiving complaints, reported CRI. Moreover, the more orders they take, the more commission（佣金）they can earn, leading to some workers checking their mobile phones for new orders while they're riding their bikes.While most companies have measures requiring delivery workers to follow traffic rules, “there remains a problem of whether these requirements and rules for delivery workers are truly entering their ears, brains and hearts,” Wang Liang, deputy head of the Traffic Police Security Bureau, told news website The Paper.To solve the problem, some cities have taken action. Shanghai has asked companies to train their workers on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen, if a delivery worker gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice, he or she will be banned from driving food delivery vehicles for a whole year.第II卷（共40分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.这个比赛旨在鼓励年轻人继承中国文化的传统。

杨浦区2017度第一学期高三模拟质量调研汇编

杨浦区2017度第一学期高三模拟质量调研汇编

杨浦区 2017 学年度第一学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷 2017. 12 本试卷分为第 I 卷（第1-11页）和第 II 卷（第 12 页）两部分。

全卷共 12 页。

满分 140 分。

考试时间 120分钟。

考生注意：1． 答第 I 卷前，考生务必将条形码粘贴在答题纸的指定区域内。

2. 第 I 卷（1-20 小题，31---70小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡 上。

考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题卡编 号一一对应，不能错位。

答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新 选择。

答案写在试卷上一律不给分。

第I 卷中的第21-30小题，IV. Summary Writing 部分和第 II 卷的试题， 其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸的规定区域 内，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上则无效。

第I 卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Theconversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversationand the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decidewhich one is the best answer to the question you have heard.A. In a professor's office.C. In a library. A. 10 yuan.C. 30 yuan. A. House agent and customer. C. Car mechanic and car owner.A. The man doesn't believe what thewoman says.B. The weather report spoils the man's good mood.C. They will cancel the hiking due to the bad weather.D. The man thinks it unnecessary to give up the adventure. A. She always talks bad about her colleagues.B. She has a good reputation among her colleagues.C. She is good at handling complicated relationships.D. She has good relations with her colleagues and boss.A. Harmony in a community.B. Safety in the neighborhood.C. Preparation forChristmas. D. Ways to save electricity.A. Watching advertisements may help eas e yestrain （眼疲劳）B. It's a great chance to break the habit of watching T.VC. The advertisements are long enough for her to have a nap.D. Focusing eyes on the screen for a long time is harmful to eyes. A. The man decides to go home by rail.B. Most people travel by car during the festival.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. B. In a second-hand book shop. D. In a hospital.B. 20 yuan. D. 50 yuan. B. Shop assistant and customer. D. Employer and employee.C. Most people arrive beyond the scheduled time.D. The man will have a sound sleep on the bus.9. A. He is not a bit overweight.B. He likes his fitness instructor.C. She has set too many rules for him.D. She should talk with his personal trainer.10. A. Greeks are not allowed to get married before 18.B. Greek kids are not as independent as American kids.C. American parents don't pay for children's wedding.D. Greek parents will take care of children until they are 18.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The burn is 20 millimeters across.B. The burn is small but very painful.C. The burn takes away the victim's feeling.D. The burn is small but the skin is damaged.12. A. Use a clean plastic bag to keep warm.B. Bind up the burn with bandage or cloth.C. Treat the burned area with cold running water.D. Flush (冲洗)the burn with ice water for several minutes.13. A. To avoid infection. B. To ease pain.C. To speed recovery.D. To reduce stickiness.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A cell phone. B. A leather wallet.C. A mini camera.D. An alarm clock.15. A. The wallet will sound an alarm.B. It will track the thief with GPS system.C. It will contact the bank to block balance.D. Its owner will receive a picture of the thief.16. A. It's out-dated in this digital age.B. It can text messages automatically.C. It is a multifunctional wallet.D. It is unique in appearance and function.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The concert is bey ond hercurfew (宵禁).B. She cantgo out on school ni ght.C. Her mother is not available.D. She doesntlike the band.18. A. His pare nts set a strict rule for him.B. His pare nts dontcare whe n he is back.C. He is self-discipli ned and trustworthy.D. He env ies those who have curfews.19. A. Promoting maturity.C. Impro ving sense of resp on sibility.20. A. It 's a severe puni shme nt.C. It 's a ridiculous practice.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passagescohere nt and grammatically correct. For the bla nks with a give n word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the give n word; for the other bla nks, use one word that bestfits each bla nk.It's interesting when you think about how Japan is a nation (21) ____________appreciates the virtues of silence and good manners, and yet when it comes to eatingno odles, Japa nese people can be (22) _____ (loud) in the world.According to lifestyle website grapee.jp, slurping (发出"哧溜"声)when eatingnoodles (23) ______ (encourage) in Japanese culture. ' believed that taking air intoyour mouth (24) _______ e nhance the flavor of the noodles, and that it helps cooldown the noodles. It's also considered to be a way to show appreciation for the dish.Sometimes, just making the no ise alone seems to make the no odles more enjoyable.It wasn'tuntil a new expression — noodle harassment (骚扰) ”-came out last yearon social media (25) _________ Japa nese people started to realize that the slurp ingno ise is maki ng some foreig n visitors un comfortable.(26) _____ a response, Japaneseinstant noodle maker Nissin introduced aso-called noise-canceling fork last month. The fork, which looks like an electrictoothbrush, is connected wirelessly to a smart phone. When the person using the forkstarts to slurp, the fork sends a signal to the person ' phone, (27) ______ (make) itplay a sound to mask the slurp ing no ise.But is it really necessary? Dining traditions do vary. (28) _____ is considered tobe proper table manners in one country is likely to be see n as rude in ano ther. I n India, people eat with their hands (29) __ they thi nk in this way they build a connectionwith the food. However, people who are used to eating with forks might find it uncomfortable to get their hands (30) ________ (cover) in oil and bits of food. But thiseating method is part of Indian's culture, just like Japan's slurping is part of its own.So, if your are eating noodles, whether that's ramen, uudon, or soba, please slurp,”wrote reporter Brian Ashcraft on blog Kotaku. ff anyone gets annoyed while you are B. Giving sense of security. D. Discourag ing in depe ndence. B. It's for her good. D. It 'san excepti onal case.doing that, pay them no mind because they're miss ing the point en tirel y.Section BDirections: Fill in each bla nk with a proper word chose n from the box. Each word can only be used on ce. Note that there is one word more tha n you n eed.A. tissueB. treatedC. potentialD. engineeringE. environmentF. limitedG. procedure H. commercial I. promising J. expanding K. internalScien tists have developed a new surgical glue that could tran sform emerge ncy treatments by sealing up critical wounds in the skin or the organs, without the need for staples or sutures （钉合或缝合）.It ' called MeTro. It was developed by researchers from both Harvard Medical School and the Uni versity of Sydn ey, led by Nasim Ann abi, an assista nt professor of chemical __31__. The glue is made from a modified （改良的）human protein that resp onds to UV light, allow ing the applicati on and drying of the gel-like substa nee in just a mi nute.According to the international team of researchers behind the glue, it could quite literally be a lifesaver, sealing up wounds in 60 seconds without stopping the natural __32__ and relaxing of the organ or the skin it's applied to. Wounds __33__ with MeTro can heal up in half the time compared with stitches or staples, the researchers claim, and if surgery is required then MeTro can simplify that __34__ too. It's also one of several ways researchers are explori ng to engin eer our body's own n atural substa nces to help repair it whe n n eeded.The __35__ applicati ons are powerful -from treati ng serious __36__ wounds at emergency sites such as following car accidents and in war zones, as well as improvi ng hospital surgeries.MeTro is simple to apply, can be easily stored, and works closely with natural __37__ to heal a wound. What's more, it degrades without leaving any kind of pois onous leftovers in the body.For now the trials are __38__ to animal models. But human trials are in the works, and the results to date are in credibly __39__. If the MeTro can be further developed into a __40__ product, it could become an essetial part of a first resp on ders toolkit. 'III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each bla nk with the word or phrase that best fits the con text.Competiti on is good for bus in esses. In the world ofnavigati on （导航） systems, however, competition is also a necessity --- it may not be wise to rely on foreign systems for positioning and tracking services. Now, __________________________ 41 __ remarkable accuracyand reliability, China ' s BeiDou system has made its presenee felt.The BeiDou project was set up in 1994. The first BeiDou satellite was not launched until 2000. Now, _____________________ 42 __ , there are already more than 20 BeiDousatellites in orbit （轨道）.They form a __ 43 __ n etwork that provides positi oning,navigation and timing services for China and several other Asian countries.This “ hom-gerown" system is now ___44___ a major upgrade. Earlier this month, two BeiDou-3 satellites, the first of China 'ms ost powerful ___45___of navigation satellites, were launched into space.The launch marks the beginning of the global ___46___ of the BeiDou navigation system. Overthe next three years, China plans to send up 30 more BeiDou-3 satellites; The expanded navigation system will ___47___ create a network that is able to support military and civilian applications around the world.Scientists involved in the project said the new system would give civilian users an accuracy of 2.5 meters to five meters, overtaking that of the ___48___ positioning technologies. BeiDou's chief designer said the new satellites would be able to __49___ which lane a car is using on a motorway and __50___ the swing of a building in high winds. It will also be able to guide fire trucks to the nearest water hydrant （消防栓）.The Chinese military, meanwhile, will be able to use coded signals for millimeter （毫米）___51___ .China is only the third country in the world to develop a navigation system on its own, after the United States （GPS） and Russia （GLONASS）. Developing BeiDou is a necessity. The system__52___ national security by ending a reliance on foreign systems. Moreover, it enhances China'isnternational reputation for technological ___53___.For most of us, the benefits of the new satellite system will be felt in a couple of years when more phones are ___54___ with BeiDouchips （芯片）. Many smartphones today still use GPS and GLONASS. That 'lsl oon change with the development of BeiDou. One product manager ___55___ most smartphones to be able to receive BeiDou signals. He says: “In three years ' time, people may still say , ‘ I ' m using but in fact, their phone is tune into BeiDou. ”41. A. dominating B. boasting C. shifting D. i nputting42. A. however B. afterwards C. moreover D. t herefore43. A. continental B. local C. domestic D. r egional44. A. enduring B. encountering C. undergoing D. p rocessing45. A. generation B. information C. examination D. r evolution46. A. extension B. expansion C. interaction D. i nvasion47. A. objectively B. eventually C. sufficiently D. essentially48. A. existing B. progressing C. upcoming D. everlasting49. A. explore B. investigate C. spot D. r emind50. A. detect B. prevent C. protect D. adjust51. A. privacy B. accuracy C. fluency D. c urrency52. A. convinces B. insures C. highlights D. strengthens53. A. innovation B. consumption C. emission D. e xhibition54. A. decorated B. furnished C. equipped D. c onnected55. A. respects B. instructs C. inspects D. e xpectsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage isfollowed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A Swedish power pla nt is tak ing reuse and recycle to the n ext level by bur ning unu sable clothi ng in stead of coal, Bloomberg reports.Retail giant Hennes & Mauritz, more commonly known as H&M, is helping the utility transition away from coal through its moldy (发霉的)or otherwise unsalable clothi ng.The multi-fuel power and heating station in V?ster$, central Sweden, is planning to be completelyfossil- fuel free by 2020. It ' s the largest station of its kindand Sweden claims it ' s one of Europe ' s cleanest. To kick its coal habit,ithe station turning in stead to other burn able materials in cludi ng recycled wood, rubbish and yes, clothes.“ Our goal is to use only renewable and recycled fuels, ” Jens Neren, head of fuesupplies at the utility company which owns and operates the V?ster? plant, told Bloomberg.Joha nna Dahl, head of com muni cati ons for H&M in Swede n, told Bloomberg that the compa ny allows only the bur ning of clothes which are no Ion ger safe to use.“ is our legal obligati on to make sure that clothes that contain mold or do not meet the requirements ofour strict restriction on chemicals are destroyed, ” she said.The V?ster?s plant has burned around 15 tons of old H&M clothes so far this year, compared with about 400,000 tons of rubbish, Neren told Bloomberg.Sweden has one of the world ' greener energy generating systems, and has in vested in bioe nergy, solar power and electric buses. In 2015, the Scandin avia n country announced an ambitious aim to become one of the first nations in the world to end its depe ndence on fossil fuels. Accord ing to the Swedish gover nment, the country has already heavily reduced its depe ndence on oil, which acco un ted for 75% of the en ergy supply in 1970, and now makes up a 20% share.56. Which of the following can serve as fuel in the V?ster? plant?A. Fashi on able coats in H&M cha in store.B. Old TV sets deserted as rubbish.C. Woode n fur niture in sec on d-ha nd shop.D. H&M clothes un suitable for sale.57. The un derl ined word in the last paragraph gen erat in g” is closest in meaning toA. elim in ati ngB. adjusti ngC. produc ingD. circulati ng58. What can we lear n from the passage?A. The Swedish gover nment discourages the developme nt of bioe nergy.B. Clothes only take up a small proporti on of the burning material.C. Swedensfossil-fuel free pla n is almost accomplished by now.D. Swede n has an ambiti on to be the clea nest country in the world.59. What is the main idea of the passage?A. A Swedish power plant is burning unusable H&M clothes for fuel.B. The Swedish gover nment aims high and is tak ing effective action.C. H&M is looking for a new way to strengthen its position in fashion.D. Coal and oil are no Ion ger regarded as the primary fuels in Swede n.(B)RAINFOREST ADVENTURE TIPS1. Find out about the trail and surro undin gs, be sure that youhave eno ugh time to complete the en tire route beforedarkness falls. Do not stray off the path to chase after animals.2. Use good judgme nt regard ing the fitn ess level required forthe trek (徒步跋涉)，and know your physical limits.3. Always inform the park officials or let some one know of yourpla ns and dest in ati on for the day, especially if going alone.4. Take ple nty of water and pack a few easy to eat sn acks tokeep en ergy level up. Un less trekk ing with a local guide, itis not advisable to eat jungle fruit or drink from any watersource.5. Be as quiet as possible to avoid scaring any wildlife. Gettingan early start during the dawn provides the best chanee tosight animals seeking food and the warmth of the earlymorning sun.6. Wear thin, I oose, preferably cott on cloth ing to rema incomfortable.7. Cover arms and legs with long trousers and Iong-sleevedshirts to ward off mosquitoes and to provide protect ion against thor ny pla nts.8. Be prepared for sudden rain showers by carrying a ponchothat wraps over both body and your carrying pack to keepeverythi ng dry.9. Choose footwear with proper an kle support and good traction., 10. A wide brimmed hat helps to shade a trekker from the\ heat of the tropical sun.60. Before an adventure, a trekker should _____ .A. tell the park officials his destination and time scheduleB. pack up some jungle fruit juice and pre-cooked mealsC. consult a local guide about the most adventurous routeD. have his fitness level assessed at the tourist center61. Which of the following is NOT suitable for a rainforest trekking?A. Long-sleeved cotton shirts.B. Tight sports shorts.C. Hiking boots.D. A wide brimmed hat.62. If a trekker starts out at dawn, he may _____ .A. escape being caught in the rainB. sight scared wildlifeC. enjoy the heat of the tropical sunD. see animals seeking food（C）The largest genetic study of mosquitoes has found their ability to resist insecticides is evolving rapidly and spreading across Africa, putting millions of people at higher risk of contractingmalaria （疟疾）.British scientists who led the work said mosquitoes' growing resistance to control tools such as insecticide-treated bed nets and insecticide spraying, which have helped cut malaria cases since 2000, now threaten“sto disturb malaria control”in Africa.“ Ousr tudy highlights the severe challenges facing public efforts to control mosquitoes and to manage and limit insecticideresistance, sa”id Martin Donnelly of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, who worked on the study with a team from Britain 's Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.Latest World Health Organization （WHO） data show that 216 million people were infected last year with the malaria parasite （寄生虫）, which is transmitted by blood-sucking Anopheles mosquitoes.The disease killed 445,000 people in 2016, and the majority of them were children in sub-Saharan Africa.To understand how mosquitoes are evolving, the researchers sequenced the DNA of 765 wild Anopheles mosquitoes taken from 15 locations across eight African countries. Their work, published in the journal Nature on Wednesday, created the largest data resource on natural genetic variation for any species of insect.Analyzing the data, the scientists found that the Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes （冈比亚疟蚊）were extremely geneticallydiverse （多样化的）compared with most other animal species.This high genetic diversity enables rapid evolution, they said, and helps to explain how mosquitoes develop insecticide resistance so quickly.The data also showed the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance appeared to be due to many previously unknown genetic variants （变体）within certain genes. The scientists said these genetic variants for insecticide resistance were not only emerging independently in different parts of Africa, but were also being spread across the continent by mosquito migration.Michael Chew, an expert at Britain's Wellcome Trust global health charity which helped fund the research, said the finds underlined the importance of pushing scientific research ahead to control malaria.Global efforts to con trol malaria through effective vacc ine, in secticides and the best drug comb in ati ons require urge nt, un ited action by scie ntists, drug compa ni es, gover nments and the WHO.63. Which of the following is scientists' headache?A. The nu mber of mosquitoes in Africa is grow ing rapidly.B. Some genetic variants of mosquitoes are still unknown.C. The existing insecticides arentas effective as they used to be.D. Millions of African people have resistance to medicines for malaria.64. Malaria cases can be cut by ______ .A. threate ning drug compa niesB. spray ing in secticidesC. limiti ng blood don ati onD. tran smitti ng data65. What CANNOT be concluded from the passage?A. Childre n are more likely to be bit by mosquitoes.B. Many previously unknown variants are found in the study.C. The mosquito migrati on con tributes to the spread of varia nts.D. An opheles mosquitoes have great gen etic diversity.66. Which is FALSE about the gen etic study of mosquitoes?A. It created the largest data on n atural gen etic variatio n for any in sect species.B. It found the possible causes for the rapid evolutio n of in secticide resista nce.C. It discovered where the genetic variants emerged and how they were spread.D. It highlighted the public efforts and appealed to limit the use of insecticides.Section CDirections: Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence give n in the box. Each sentence can be used only on ce. Note that there are two more senten ces tha n you n eed.A. But despite its popularity, experts warn that biometrics might not be as secure aswe'd imagi ned.B. Security experts don 'tthi nk it absolutely n ecessary to use biometricC. But using multiple security measures is the best defe nse.D. Now, this type of tech no logy might not be far away.E. If a person ' s biometric information is stolen, that could have extremely serious conseque nces for that in dividualF. The chance that a random person could look at your iPhone X and uniock it with hisface is about one in a million.Imagi ne you're sta nding in line to buy an afterschool sn ack at a store. You step up to the coun ter and the cashier sca ns your food. Next, you have to pay. But in stead of sca nning a QR code with your smartph one, you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint. Or, a camera scans your face, your eyes or even yourear._________ 67 _________ As tech no logy compa nies move away from traditional password, biometric （生物识别）security, which includes fingerprint, face and voice ID, is beco ming in creas in gly popular.In 2013, Apple introduced the iPhone 5s, one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner. Since then, using one s fingerprint to uniock a phone and make mobile payme nts has become com mon place, bringing convenience to our lives. And since last year, Sams ung has featured eye-sca nning tech no logy in its top smartph ones, while Apple' s new iPhone X can even scan a users face._________ 68 _________ Biometrics, ideally, are good,” John Michener, a biometric expert, told tech website Inv erse. In practice, not so much”When in troduci ng the new iPh one s Face ID feature at Apple s Keynote Eve nt in September, Phil Schiller, Apple' s senior vice preside nt, said,But it' s already been done. In a video posted on community website Reddit on Nov 3, two brothers showed how they were each able to uni ock the same iPho ne X using their own face, Quartz reported. And they aren t even twins.We may expect too much from biometrics,” Anil Jain, a computer scienee professor at Michigan State University, told CBS news. No security systems are perfect.”Earlier this year, Jain found a way to trick biometric security. Using a printed copy of a thumbpri nt, she was able to uni ock a dead pers on's smartpho ne for police.ft' s good to see biometrics being used more,Jain told CBS News, because itadds ano ther factor for security. _________ 70 _______ ”_IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main poin t （s） of the passage in no more tha n 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It' s a com mon sight to see food delivery workers riding electric bikes throughbig cities in China. Most of them seem to be in a hurry, as they run red lights to deliver their meals in time. However, such reckless （鲁莽的）behavior often causes serious problems.In the first half of this year, food delivery drivers had 76 traffic accidents inShanghai alone, according to the Shanghai Public Security Bureau. This means that on average, there is a food delivery worker that gets hurt or eve n dies on the road in Shan ghai every 2.5 days.Other cities also share similar problems. In Nanjing, three people died and 2,473 were injured in road accidents related to food delivery workers in the same period, according to the Ministry of Public Security.The rise of reckless behavior among food delivery workers is closely related to the grow ing dema nd for their service, reported People' s Daily. About 150 millio n people in China use food delivery services, according to China Radio International (CRI). Such a big market has led to a large dema nd for food delivery workers, with some compa nies offeri ng high salaries to attract new workers.However, food delivery workers are often under high pressure from their employers. They face compa ny fines of 20 yua n for deliveri ng food late and upwards of 200 yua n for recei ving compla in ts, reported CRI. Moreover, the more orders they take, the more commissi on (佣金)they can earn, leadi ng to some workers check ing their mobile phones for new orders while they're riding their bikes.While most compa nies have measures requiri ng delivery workers to follow traffic rules, (here remains a problem of whether these requirements and rules for delivery workers are truly entering their ears, brains and hearts, Wang Liang, deputy head of the Traffic Police Security Bureau, told n ews website The Paper.To solve the problem, some cities have taken action. Shanghai has asked companies to train their workers on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen,if a delivery worker gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice, he or she will be banned from driv ing food delivery vehicles for a whole year.第II 卷（共40 分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 这个比赛旨在鼓励年轻人继承中国文化的传统。

2017年上海市杨浦区高考数学一模试卷带解析【精品】

2017年上海市杨浦区高考数学一模试卷带解析【精品】

第1页（共17页）页）2017年上海市杨浦区高考数学一模试卷一、填空题（本大题满分54分）共12小题，1-6题每题4分，7-12题每题5分 1．（4分）若“a ＞b ”，则“a 3＞b 3”是命题（填：真、假） 2．（4分）已知A ＝（﹣∞，0]，B ＝（a ，+∞），若A ∪B ＝R ，则a 的取值范围是 ．3．（4分）z +2＝9+4i （i 为虚数单位），则|z |＝ ．4．（4分）若△ABC 中，a +b ＝4，∠C ＝30°，则△ABC 面积的最大值是 ．5．（4分）若函数f （x ）＝log 2的反函数的图象经过点（﹣2，3），则a ＝ ． 6．（4分）过半径为2的球O 表面上一点A 作球O 的截面，若OA 与该截面所成的角是60°，则该截面的面积是 ．7．（5分）抛掷一枚均匀的骰子（刻有1，2，3，4，5，6）三次，得到的数字依次记作a ，b ，c ，则a +bi （i 为虚数单位）是方程x 2﹣2x +c ＝0的根的概率是 ．8．（5分）设常数a ＞0，（x +）9展开式中x 6的系数为4，则（a +a 2+…+a n）＝ ．9．（5分）已知直线l 经过点且方向向量为（2，﹣1），则原点O 到直线l 的距离为 ．10．（5分）若双曲线的一条渐近线为x +2y ＝0，且双曲线与抛物线y ＝x 2的准线仅有一个公共点，则此双曲线的标准方程为 ．11．（5分）平面直角坐标系中，给出点A （1，0），B （4，0），若直线x +my ﹣1＝0存在点P ，使得|P A |＝2|PB |，则实数m 的取值范围是 ． 12．（5分）函数y ＝f （x ）是最小正周期为4的偶函数，且在x ∈[﹣2，0]时，f （x ）＝2x +1，若存在x 1，x 2，…x n 满足0≤x 1＜x 2＜…＜x n ，且|f （x 1）﹣f （x 2）|+|f （x 2）﹣f （x 1）|+…+|f （xn ﹣1﹣f （x n ））|＝2016，则n +x n的最小值为 ．二、选择题（本大题共4题，满分20分）13．（5分）若与﹣都是非零向量，则“•＝•”是“⊥（﹣）”的（ ）A ．充分但非必要条件B ．必要但非充分条件C ．充要条件D ．既非充分也非必要条件14．（5分）行列式中，元素7的代数余子式的值为（ ） A ．﹣15B ．﹣3C ．3D ．1215．（5分）一个公司有8名员工，其中6名员工的月工资分别为5200，5300，5500，6100，6500，6600，另两名员工数据不清楚，那么8位员工月工资的中位数不可能是（ ） A ．5800 B ．6000C ．6200D ．640016．（5分）若直线+＝1通过点P （cos θ，sin θ），则下列不等式正确的是（ ） A ．a 2+b 2≤1 B ．a 2+b 2≥1C ．+≤1D ．+≥1三、解答题（满分76分）共5题17．（14分）某柱体实心铜制零件的截面边长是长度为55毫米线段AB 和88毫米的线段AC 以及圆心为P ，半径为PB 的一段圆弧BC 构成，其中∠BAC ＝60°．（1）求半径PB 的长度；（2）现知该零件的厚度为3毫米，毫米，试求该零件的重量试求该零件的重量试求该零件的重量（每（每1个立方厘米铜重8.9克，按四舍五入精确到0.1克）．V 柱＝S 底•h ．18．（14分）如图所示，l 1，l 2是互相垂直的异面直线，MN 是它们的公垂线段，点A ，B 在直线l 1上，且位于M 点的两侧，C 在l 2上，AM ＝BM ＝NM ＝CN （1）求证：异面直线AC 与BN 垂直；（2）若四面体ABCN 的体积V ABCN ＝9，求异面直线l 1，l 2之间的距离．19．（14分）如图所示，椭圆C：+y2＝1，左右焦点分别记作F1，F2，过F1，F2分别作直线l1，l2交椭圆AB，CD，且l1∥l2．（1）当直线l 1的斜率k1与直线BC的斜率k2都存在时，求证：k1•k2为定值；（2）求四边形ABCD面积的最大值．20．（14分）数列{a n}，定义{△a n}为数列{a n}的一阶差分数列，其中△a n＝a n+1﹣a n（n∈N*）（1）若a n＝n2﹣n，试判断{△a n}是否是等差数列，并说明理由；（2）若a1＝1，△a n﹣a n＝2n，求数列{a n}的通项公式；（3）对（b）中的数列{a n}，是否存在等差数列{b n}，使得b1C+b2C+…+b n C ＝a n，对一切n∈N*都成立，若存在，求出数列{b n}的通项公式，若不存在，请说明理由．21．（20分）对于函数f（x）（x∈D），若存在正常数T，使得对任意的x∈D，都有f（x+T）≥f（x）成立，我们称函数f（x）为“T同比不减函数”．（1）求证：对任意正常数T，f（x）＝x2都不是“T同比不减函数”；（2）若函数f（x）＝kx+sin x是“同比不减函数”，求k的取值范围； （3）是否存在正常数T，使得函数f（x）＝x+|x﹣1|﹣|x+1|为“T同比不减函数”；若存在，求T的取值范围；若不存在，请说明理由．2017年上海市杨浦区高考数学一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、填空题（本大题满分54分）共12小题，1-6题每题4分，7-12题每题5分 1．（4分）若“a＞b”，则“a3＞b3”是 真 命题（填：真、假）【解答】解：函数f（x）＝x3在R是单调增函数，∴当a＞b，一定有a3＞b3，故是真命题答案为：真．2．（4分）已知A＝（﹣∞，0]，B＝（a，+∞），若A∪B＝R，则a的取值范围是 a≤0． ．【解答】解：若A∪B＝R，A＝（﹣∞，0]，B＝（a，+∞），必有a≤0；故答案为：a≤0．3．（4分）z+2＝9+4i（i为虚数单位），则|z|＝ 5 ．【解答】解：设z＝x+yi（x，y∈R），∵z+2＝9+4i，∴x+yi+2（x﹣yi）＝9+4i，化为：3x﹣yi＝9+4i，∴3x＝9，﹣y＝4，解得x＝3，y＝﹣4．∴|z|＝＝5．故答案为：5．4．（4分）若△ABC中，a+b＝4，∠C＝30°，则△ABC面积的最大值是 1 ． 【解答】解：在△ABC中，∵C＝30°，a+b＝4，∴△ABC的面积S＝ab•sin C＝ab•sin30°＝ab≤×（）2＝×4＝1，当且仅当a＝b＝2时取等号，故答案为：1．5．（4分）若函数f（x）＝log2的反函数的图象经过点（﹣2，3），则a＝ 2 ． 【解答】解：∵函数f（x）＝log2的反函数的图象经过点（﹣2，3），∴函数f（x）＝log2的图象经过点（3，﹣2），∴﹣2＝log2，∴a＝2，故答案为2．6．（4分）过半径为2的球O表面上一点A作球O的截面，若OA与该截面所成的角是60°，则该截面的面积是 π ．【解答】解：设截面的圆心为Q，由题意得：∠OAQ＝60°，QA＝1，∴S＝π•12＝π．答案：π．7．（5分）抛掷一枚均匀的骰子（刻有1，2，3，4，5，6）三次，得到的数字依次记作a，b，c，则a+bi（i为虚数单位）是方程x2﹣2x+c＝0的根的概率是．【解答】解：抛掷一枚均匀的骰子（刻有1，2，3，4，5，6）三次，得到的数字依次记作a，b，c，基本事件总数n＝6×6×6＝216，∵a+bi（i为虚数单位）是方程x2﹣2x+c＝0的根，∴（a+bi）2﹣2（a+bi）+c＝0，即，∴a＝1，c＝b2+1，∴a+bi（i为虚数单位）是方程x2﹣2x+c＝0的根包含的基本事件为：（1，1，2），（1，2，5），∴a+bi（i为虚数单位）是方程x2﹣2x+c＝0的根的概率是p＝．故答案为：．8．（5分）设常数a＞0，（x+）9展开式中x6的系数为4，则（a+a2+…+a n）＝ ．【解答】解：∵常数a＞0，（x+）9展开式中x6的系数为4，∴＝，当时，r ＝2，∴＝4，解得a ＝，∴a +a 2+…+a n ＝＝＝（1﹣），∴（a +a 2+…+a n ）＝＝．故答案为：．9．（5分）已知直线l 经过点且方向向量为（2，﹣1），则原点O 到直线l 的距离为 1 ．【解答】解：直线的方向向量为（2，﹣1），所以直线的斜率为：﹣，直线方程为：x +2y +＝0，由点到直线的距离可知：＝1；故答案为：1．10．（5分）若双曲线的一条渐近线为x +2y ＝0，且双曲线与抛物线y ＝x 2的准线仅有一个公共点，则此双曲线的标准方程为．【解答】解：抛物线y ＝x 2的准线：y ＝﹣，双曲线与抛物线y ＝x 2的准线仅有一个公共点，可得双曲线实半轴长为a ＝，焦点在y 轴上．双曲线的一条渐近线为x +2y ＝0，∴＝， 可得b ＝，则此双曲线的标准方程为：．故答案为：．11．（5分）平面直角坐标系中，给出点A （1，0），B （4，0），若直线x +my ﹣1＝0存在点P ，使得|P A |＝2|PB |，则实数m 的取值范围是 m ≥或m ≤﹣．【解答】解：设P （1﹣my ，y ）， ∵|P A |＝2|PB |， ∴|P A |2＝4|PB |2，∴（1﹣my ﹣1）2+y 2＝4（1﹣my ﹣4）2+y 2， 化简得（m 2+1）y 2+8my +12＝0则△＝64m 2﹣48m 2﹣48≥0， 解得m ≥或m ≤﹣， 即实数m 的取值范围是m ≥或m ≤﹣．故答案为：m ≥或m ≤﹣．12．（5分）函数y ＝f （x ）是最小正周期为4的偶函数，且在x ∈[﹣2，0]时，f （x ）＝2x +1，若存在x 1，x 2，…x n 满足0≤x 1＜x 2＜…＜x n ，且|f （x 1）﹣f （x 2）|+|f （x 2）﹣f （x 1）|+…+|f （x n ﹣1﹣f （x n ））|＝2016，则n +x n 的最小值为 1513 ． 【解答】解：∵函数y ＝f （x ）是最小正周期为4的偶函数，且在x ∈[﹣2，0]时，f （x ）＝2x +1，∴函数的值域为[﹣3，1]，对任意x i ，x j （i ，j ＝1，2，3，…，m ），都有|f （x i ）﹣f （x j ）|≤f （x ）max ﹣f （x ）min ＝4，要使n +x n 取得最小值，尽可能多让x i （i ＝1，2，3，…，m ）取得最高点，且f （0）＝1，f （2）＝﹣3，∵0≤x 1＜x 2＜…＜x m ，|f （x 1）﹣f （x 2）|+|f （x 2）﹣f （x 3）|+…+|f （x n ﹣1）﹣f （x n ）|＝2016， ∴n 的最小值为，相应的x n 最小值为1008，则n +x n 的最小值为1513．故答案为：1513．二、选择题（本大题共4题，满分20分）13．（5分）若与﹣都是非零向量，则“•＝•”是“⊥（﹣）”的（ ）A ．充分但非必要条件B ．必要但非充分条件C ．充要条件D ．既非充分也非必要条件【解答】解：“•＝•”⇔“•﹣•＝0”⇔“•（﹣）＝0”⇔“⊥（﹣）”，故“•＝•”是“⊥（﹣）”的充要条件， 故选：C ． 14．（5分）行列式中，元素7的代数余子式的值为（ ） A ．﹣15B ．﹣3C ．3D ．12【解答】解：∵行列式，∴元素7的代数余子式为： D 13＝（﹣1）4＝2×6﹣5×3＝﹣3．故选：B ．15．（5分）一个公司有8名员工，其中6名员工的月工资分别为5200，5300，5500，6100，6500，6600，另两名员工数据不清楚，那么8位员工月工资的中位数不可能是（ ） A ．5800B ．6000C ．6200D ．6400【解答】解：∵一个公司有8名员工，其中6名员工的月工资分别为5200，5300，5500，6100，6500，6600，∴当另外两名员工的工资都小于5300时，中位数为＝5400， 当另外两名员工的工资都大于6500时，中位数为＝6300，∴8位员工月工资的中位数的取值区间为[5400，6300]， ∴8位员工月工资的中位数不可能是6400． 故选：D ．16．（5分）若直线+＝1通过点P （cos θ，sin θ），则下列不等式正确的是（ ）A ．a 2+b 2≤1 B ．a 2+b 2≥1 C ．+≤1D ．+≥1【解答】解：直线+＝1通过点P （cos θ，sin θ）， ∴b cos θ+a sin θ＝ab ， ∴sin （θ+φ）＝ab ，其中tan φ＝， ∴≥ab ，∴a 2+b 2≥a 2b 2， ∴+≥1，故选：D ．三、解答题（满分76分）共5题 17．（14分）某柱体实心铜制零件的截面边长是长度为55毫米线段AB 和88毫米的线段AC 以及圆心为P ，半径为PB 的一段圆弧BC 构成，其中∠BAC ＝60°．（1）求半径PB 的长度；（2）现知该零件的厚度为3毫米，毫米，试求该零件的重量试求该零件的重量试求该零件的重量（每（每1个立方厘米铜重8.9克，按四舍五入精确到0.1克）．V 柱＝S 底•h ．【解答】解：（1）∵AB ＝55，AC ＝88，BP ＝R ，∠BAC ＝60°．AP ＝88﹣R ， ∴在△ABP 中，由余弦定理可得：BP 2＝AB 2+AP 2﹣2AB •AP •cos ∠BAC ，可得：R 2＝552+（88﹣R ）2﹣2×55×（88﹣R ）×cos60°， ∴解得：R ＝49mm ．（2）在△ABP 中，AP ＝88﹣49＝39mm ，AB ＝55，BP ＝49， cos ∠BP A ＝＝≈0.2347， ∴sin ∠BP A ≈0.972． ∴∠BP A ＝arcsin0.972．V柱＝S底•h＝（S△ABP+S扇形BPC）•h＝（+）•3该零件的重量＝（+）•3÷1000×8.9≈82.7．18．（14分）如图所示，l1，l2是互相垂直的异面直线，MN是它们的公垂线段，点A，B在直线l1上，且位于M点的两侧，C在l2上，AM＝BM＝NM＝CN （1）求证：异面直线AC与BN垂直；（2）若四面体ABCN的体积V ABCN＝9，求异面直线l1，l2之间的距离．【解答】解：（1）证明：由已知l2⊥MN，l2⊥l1，MN∩l1＝M，可得l2⊥平面ABN． 由已知MN⊥l1，AM＝MB＝MN，可知AN＝NB且AN⊥NB．又AN为AC在平面ABN内的射影．∴AC⊥NB（2）∵AM＝BM＝NM＝CN，MN是它们的公垂线段，就是异面直线l1，l2之间的距离，由中垂线的性质可得AN＝BN，四面体ABCN的体积V ABCN＝9，可得：V ABCN＝9＝＝MN3，∴MN＝3．异面直线l1，l2之间的距离为3．19．（14分）如图所示，椭圆C：+y2＝1，左右焦点分别记作F1，F2，过F1，F2分别作直线l1，l2交椭圆AB，CD，且l1∥l2．（1）当直线l 1的斜率k1与直线BC的斜率k2都存在时，求证：k1•k2为定值；（2）求四边形ABCD面积的最大值．【解答】（1）证明：由椭圆C：+y2＝1，得a2＝4，b2＝1，∴．设k1＝k，则AB所在直线方程为y＝kx+，CD所在直线方程为y＝kx﹣， 联立，得（1+4k2）x2+8k2x+12k2﹣4＝0．解得，不妨取，则 同理求得，．则＝＝，则k1•k2＝；（2）解：由（1）知，，|AB|＝＝＝．AB、CD的距离d＝，∴＝．令1+4k2＝t（t≥1），则，∴当t＝3时，S max＝4．20．（14分）数列{a n}，定义{△a n}为数列{a n}的一阶差分数列，其中△a n＝a n+1﹣a n（n∈N*）（1）若a n＝n2﹣n，试判断{△a n}是否是等差数列，并说明理由；（2）若a1＝1，△a n﹣a n＝2n，求数列{a n}的通项公式；（3）对（b）中的数列{a n}，是否存在等差数列{b n}，使得b1C+b2C+…+b n C ＝a n，对一切n∈N*都成立，若存在，求出数列{b n}的通项公式，若不存在，请说明理由．【解答】解：（1）若a n＝n2﹣n，试判断{△a n}是等差数列，理由如下：∵a n＝n2﹣n，∴△a n＝a n+1﹣a n＝（n+1）2﹣（n+1）﹣（n2﹣n）＝2n，∵△a n+1﹣△a n＝2，且△a1＝4，∴{△a n}是首项为4，公差为2的等差数列；（2）∵△a n﹣a n＝2n．△a n＝a n+1﹣a n，∴a n+1﹣2a n＝2n，∴﹣＝，（6分）∴数列{}构成以为首项，为公差的等差数列，即＝⇒a n＝n•2n﹣1；（3）b1∁n1+b2∁n2+…+b n∁n n＝a n，即b1∁n1+b2∁n2+…+b n∁n n＝n•2n﹣1，∵1∁n1+2∁n2+3∁n3+…+n∁n n＝n（C n﹣10+C n﹣11+C n﹣12+…+C n﹣1n﹣1）＝n•2n﹣1，∴存在等差数列{b n}，b n＝n，使得b1∁n1+b2∁n2+…+b n∁n n＝a n对一切自然n∈N都成立．21．（20分）对于函数f（x）（x∈D），若存在正常数T，使得对任意的x∈D，都有f（x+T）≥f（x）成立，我们称函数f（x）为“T同比不减函数”．（1）求证：对任意正常数T，f（x）＝x2都不是“T同比不减函数”；（2）若函数f（x）＝kx+sin x是“同比不减函数”，求k的取值范围； （3）是否存在正常数T，使得函数f（x）＝x+|x﹣1|﹣|x+1|为“T同比不减函数”；若存在，求T的取值范围；若不存在，请说明理由．【解答】解：（1）∵f（x）＝x2，∴f（x+T）﹣f（x）＝（x+T）2﹣x2＝2xT+T2＝T（2x+T），由于2x+T与0的小无法比较，∴f（x+T）≥f（x）不一定成立，∴对任意正常数T，f（x）＝x2都不是“T同比不减函数，（2）∵函数f（x）＝kx+sin x是“同比不减函数，∴f（x+）﹣f（x）＝k（x+）+sin（x+）﹣kx﹣sin x＝+cos x﹣sin x＝﹣sin（x﹣）≥0恒成立，∴k≥sin（x﹣），∵﹣1≤sin（x﹣）≤1，∴k≥，（3）f（x）＝x+|x﹣1|﹣|x+1|图象如图所示，由图象可知，只要把图象向左至少平移4个单位，即对任意的x∈D，都有f（x+T）≥f（x）成立，∴T≥4．赠送—高中数学知识点【2.1.1】指数与指数幂的运算 （1）根式的概念）根式的概念①如果,,,1nx a a R x R n =ÎÎ>，且n N +Î，那么x 叫做a 的n 次方根．当n 是奇数时，a 的n 次方根用符号n a 表示；当n 是偶数时，正数a 的正的n 次方根用符号n a 表示，负的n 次方根用符号n a -表示；表示；00的n 次方根是0；负数a 没有n 次方根．次方根．②式子n a 叫做根式，这里n 叫做根指数，a 叫做被开方数．当n 为奇数时，a 为任意实数；当n 为偶数时，0a ³．③根式的性质：()nna a =；当n 为奇数时，nna a =；当n 为偶数时，(0)|| (0)nn a a a a a a ³ì==í-<î． （2）分数指数幂的概念）分数指数幂的概念①正数的正分数指数幂的意义是：(0,,,m nmna a a m n N +=>Î且1)n >．0的正分数指数幂等于0．②正数的负分数指数幂的意义是：11()()(0,,,mmmn nnaa m n N a a-+==>Î且1)n >．0的负分数指数幂没有意义．的负分数指数幂没有意义． 注意口诀：底数取倒数，指数取相反数．底数取倒数，指数取相反数．（3）分数指数幂的运算性质）分数指数幂的运算性质①(0,,)r s r s a a a a r s R +×=>Î ②()(0,,)r s rs a a a r s R =>Î ③()(0,0,)r r rab a b a b r R =>>Î【2.1.2】指数函数及其性质 （4）指数函数）指数函数 函数名称函数名称指数函数指数函数定义定义函数(0xy a a =>且1)a ¹叫做指数函数叫做指数函数图象图象1a >01a <<定义域定义域 R值域值域 (0,)+¥过定点过定点 图象过定点(0,1)，即当0x =时，1y =．奇偶性奇偶性 非奇非偶非奇非偶单调性单调性在R 上是增函数上是增函数在R 上是减函数上是减函数函数值的函数值的 变化情况变化情况1(0)1(0)1(0)xx x a x a x a x >>==<< 1(0)1(0)1(0)xx x a x a x a x <>==>< a 变化对变化对 图象的影响象的影响 在第一象限内，a 越大图象越高；在第二象限内，a 越大图象越低．越大图象越低．xa y =xy(0,1)O1y =xa y =xy (0,1)O 1y =〖2.2〗对数函数【2.2.1】对数与对数运算（1）对数的定义）对数的定义①若(0,1)xa N a a =>¹且，则x 叫做以a 为底N 的对数，记作log a x N =，其中a 叫做底数，N 叫做真数．叫做真数．②负数和零没有对数．②负数和零没有对数．③对数式与指数式的互化：log (0,1,0)x a x N a N a a N =Û=>¹>． （2）几个重要的对数恒等式）几个重要的对数恒等式log 10a =，log 1a a =，log b aa b =．（3）常用对数与自然对数）常用对数与自然对数常用对数：lg N ，即10log N ；自然对数：ln N ，即log e N （其中 2.71828e =…）． （4）对数的运算性质）对数的运算性质 如果0,1,0,0a a M N >¹>>，那么，那么①加法：log log log ()a a aM N MN += ②减法：log log log a a a M M N N-= ③数乘：log log ()n a a n M M n R =Î ④log a Na N =⑤log log (0,)bn a a n M M b n R b=¹Î ⑥换底公式：log log (0,1)log b ab N N b b a=>¹且【2.2.2】对数函数及其性质（5）对数函数）对数函数函数函数 名称名称 对数函数对数函数定义定义函数log (0a yx a =>且1)a ¹叫做对数函数叫做对数函数图象图象1a > 01a <<xyO(1,0)1x =log a y x=xyO (1,0)1x =log a y x=定义域定义域(0,)+¥值域值域R过定点过定点图象过定点(1,0)，即当1x=时，0y=． 奇偶性奇偶性非奇非偶非奇非偶单调性单调性在(0,)+¥上是增函数上是增函数在(0,)+¥上是减函数上是减函数函数值的函数值的变化情况变化情况log0(1)log0(1)log0(01)aaax xx xx x>>==<<<log0(1)log0(1)log0(01)aaax xx xx x<>==><<a变化对变化对 图象的影响象的影响 在第一象限内，a越大图象越靠低；在第四象限内，a越大图象越靠高．越大图象越靠高．。

杨浦区2017年一模Word版附答案

杨浦区2017年一模Word版附答案

杨浦区学年第一学期期末期末质量调研初三英语练习卷(满分150分，考试时间100分钟）（本卷有七大题，共94小题。

试题均采用连续编号。

所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成，做在试卷上不给分。

）Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力）I. Listening Comprehension (听力理解）（共30分）A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你所听到的内容，选出相应的图片）（6分）1._______2. _______3._______4. _______5. _______6._______B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你所听到的对话和问题，选择最恰当的答案）（8分）7.8. A) Shy. B) Pretty. C) Serious. D) Active.8. A) A teacher. B) A TV host. C) A bank clerk D) A writer.9. A) 2:00. B) 2:15. C) 2:30. D) 2:45.10. A) By check. B) By cash. C) By credit card. D) By Apple Pay.11. A) A TV guide. B) A part-time job. C) A plan formovies D)A choices of courses12. A) The shoes are too heavy.C) S he doesn’t like the shoes.B) Cookies.B) The ground is wet.D) It is raining outside.13. A) Some Chinese were hit by local people.C) Some tourists were killed in a flash flood.B) An earthquake occurred there last night.D) Some tourists were injured in a car accident.14. A) A good website helped Alina get some customers.B) Alina helps people by donating clothes and furniture.C) Alina borrowed money from the bank to start her business.D) Alina’s business is to give people advice on creating website.C. Listen to the passage and (ell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）（6分）15.Barry Haddow travels from Wales to London every day.16. The “Commuter of the Year” competition was organized by an e arly morning TV program.17. Mr. Haddow won because his commute takes the longest time.18. He travels most of the way by train, and then by taxi.19. He doesn’t like wales, but it’s not as expensive as London.20. He won a rail holiday for himself and his family.D. Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks (听短文填空，完成下列句子。

2017年上海杨浦区初三一模数学试卷答案

2017年上海杨浦区初三一模数学试卷答案

D. 100cos α
∴ ． AB = BC ⋅ cotα = 100cotαm
3.
将抛物线y
=
2(x
−
2 1) +
3向右平移2个单位后所得的抛物线的表达式是（
）．
A. 2 y = 2(x − 1) + 5
B. 2 y = 2(x − 1) + 1
C. 2 y = 2(x + 1) + 3
D. 2 y = 2(x − 3) + 3
答案 D
解 析 根据平移的规律，左加右减，向右平移两个单位，应在原来自变量x的基础上减2个单位，故答案为 ． y = 2(x − 3)2 + 3
4.
在二次函数y
=
2 ax
+
bx
+
c中，如果a
>
， 0 b
<
， 0 c
>
0，那么它的图象一定不经过（
）．
A. 第一象限
B. 第二象限
C. 第三象限
D. 第四象限
如果点C 、D旋转后分别落在点E、F 的位置，那么∠EF D的正切值是
．
答案 1
2
解 析 作AH ⊥BC 于H ，延长C D交EF 于G，
∵ ， AB = AC
∴ ， 1 BH = C H = BC = 3 2
由勾股定理得， ， −−−−−−−−−− AH = √AB2 − BH 2 = 4
，即 ， 1
/04
目录
选择题 填空题 解析题
学生版
∴当x = 0时，y = 3，
教师版
答案版
故答案为3．
2018/12/04

2017年上海市杨浦区中考数学一模试卷

2017年上海市杨浦区中考数学一模试卷

2017年上海市杨浦区中考数学一模试卷一、选择题（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分）1．（4分）如果延长线段AB到C，使得，那么AC：AB等于（）A．2：1 B．2：3 C．3：1 D．3：22．（4分）在高为100米的楼顶测得地面上某目标的俯角为α，那么楼底到该目标的水平距离是（）A．100tanα B．100cotαC．100sinαD．100cosα3．（4分）将抛物线y=2（x﹣1）2+3向右平移2个单位后所得抛物线的表达式为（）A．y=2（x﹣1）2+5 B．y=2（x﹣1）2+1 C．y=2（x+1）2+3 D．y=2（x﹣3）2+3 4．（4分）在二次函数y=ax2+bx+c中，如果a＞0，b＜0，c＞0，那么它的图象一定不经过（）A．第一象限B．第二象限C．第三象限D．第四象限5．（4分）下列命题不一定成立的是（）A．斜边与一条直角边对应成比例的两个直角三角形相似B．两个等腰直角三角形相似C．两边对应成比例且有一个角相等的两个三角形相似D．各有一个角等于100°的两个等腰三角形相似6．（4分）在△ABC和△DEF中，∠A=40°，∠D=60°，∠E=80°，，那么∠B的度数是（）A．40°B．60°C．80°D．100°二、填空题（本大题共12题，每题4分，满分48分）7．（4分）线段3cm和4cm的比例中项是cm．8．（4分）抛物线y=2（x+4）2的顶点坐标是．9．（4分）函数y=ax2（a＞0）中，当x＜0时，y随x的增大而．10．（4分）如果抛物线y=ax2+bx+c（a≠0）经过点（﹣1，2）和（4，2），那么它的对称轴是直线．11．（4分）如图，△ABC中，点D、E、F分别在边AB、AC、BC上，且DE∥BC，EF∥AB，DE：BC=1：3，那么EF：AB的值为．12．（4分）如图，在梯形ABCD中，AD∥BC，AC与BD相交于点O，如果BC=2AD，那么S△ADC ：S△ABC的值为．13．（4分）如果两个相似三角形的面积之比是9：25，其中小三角形一边上的中线长是12cm，那么大三角形对应边上的中线长是cm．14．（4分）如果+=3，2﹣=，那么=（用表示）．15．（4分）已知α是锐角，tanα=2cos30°，那么α=度．16．（4分）如图是一斜坡的横截面，某人沿着斜坡从P处出发，走了13米到达M处，此时在铅垂方向上上升了5米，那么该斜坡的坡度是i=1：．17．（4分）用“描点法”画二次函数y=ax2+bx+c（a≠0）的图象时，列出了如下表格：x…12 3 4…y=ax2+bx+c…0﹣1 0 3 …那么该二次函数在x=0时，y=．18．（4分）如图，△ABC中，AB=AC=5，BC=6，BD⊥AC于点D，将△BCD绕点B 逆时针旋转，旋转角的大小与∠CBA相等，如果点C、D旋转后分别落在点E、F 的位置，那么∠EFD的正切值是．三、解答题（本大题共7题，满分78分）19．（10分）如图，已知△ABC中，点F在边AB上，且AF=AB、过A作AG∥BC交CF的延长线于点G．（1）设=，=，试用向量和表示向量；（2）在图中求作向量与的和向量．（不要求写作法，但要指出所作图中表示结论的向量）20．（10分）已知抛物线y=﹣x2+bx+c经过点B（﹣1，0）和点C（2，3）．（1）求此抛物线的表达式；（2）如果此抛物线上下平移后过点（﹣2，﹣1），试确定平移的方向和平移的距离．21．（10分）已知：如图，梯形ABCD中，AD∥BC，∠ABD=∠C，AD=4，BC=9，锐角∠DBC的正弦值为．求：（1）对角线BD的长；（2）梯形ABCD的面积．22．（10分）如图，某客轮以每小时10海里的速度向正东方向航行，到A处时向位于南偏西30°方向且相距12海里的B处发出送货请求，货轮接到请求后即刻沿着北偏东某一方向以每小时14海里的速度出发，在C处恰好与客轮相逢，试求货轮从出发到客轮相逢所用的时间．23．（12分）已知：如图，在△ABC中，点D、G分别在边AB、BC上，∠ACD=∠B，AG与CD相交于点F．（1）求证：AC2=AD•AB；（2）若=，求证：CG2=DF•BG．24．（12分）在直角坐标系xOy中（如图），抛物线y=ax2﹣4ax+4a+3（a＜0）的顶点为D，它的对称轴与x轴交点为M．（1）求点D、点M的坐标；（2）如果该抛物线与y轴的交点为A，点P在抛物线上且AM∥DP，AM=2DP，求a的值．25．（14分）在Rt△ABC中，∠ACB=90°，AC=BC=2，点P为边BC上的一动点（不与B、C重合），点P关于直线AC、AB的对称点分别为M、N，连接MN交边AB 于点F，交边AC于点E．（1）如图1，当点P为边BC的中点时，求∠M的正切值；=y，求y关于x的函数关系式，并写出定义域；（2）连接FP，设CP=x，S△MPF（3）连接AM，当点P在边BC上运动时，△AEF与△ABM是否一定相似？若是，请证明；若不是，请求出当△AEF与△ABM相似时CP的长．2017年上海市杨浦区中考数学一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分）1．（4分）（2017•杨浦区一模）如果延长线段AB到C，使得，那么AC：AB等于（）A．2：1 B．2：3 C．3：1 D．3：2【分析】作出图形，用AB表示出AC，然后求比值即可．【解答】解：如图，∵BC=AB，∴AC=AB+BC=AB+AB=AB，∴AC：AB=3：2．故选D．【点评】本题考查了两点间的距离，用AB表示出AC是解题的关键，作出图形更形象直观．2．（4分）（2017•杨浦区一模）在高为100米的楼顶测得地面上某目标的俯角为α，那么楼底到该目标的水平距离是（）A．100tanα B．100cotαC．100sinαD．100cosα【分析】根据题意画出图形，利用锐角三角函数的定义直接进行解答即可．【解答】解：∵∠BAC=α，BC=100m，∴AB=BC•cotα=100cotαm．故选：B．【点评】本题考查的是解直角三角形的应用﹣仰角俯角问题，根据题意画出图形，利用数形结合求解是解答此题的关键．3．（4分）（2017•金牛区模拟）将抛物线y=2（x﹣1）2+3向右平移2个单位后所得抛物线的表达式为（）A．y=2（x﹣1）2+5 B．y=2（x﹣1）2+1 C．y=2（x+1）2+3 D．y=2（x﹣3）2+3【分析】根据二次函数图象左加右减，上加下减的平移规律进行求解．【解答】解：抛物线y=2（x﹣1）2+3向右平移2个单位，可得y=2（x﹣1﹣2）2+3，即y=2（x﹣3）2+3，故选：D．【点评】本题主要考查的是函数图象的平移，用平移规律“左加右减，上加下减”直接代入函数解析式求得平移后的函数解析式．4．（4分）（2017•杨浦区一模）在二次函数y=ax2+bx+c中，如果a＞0，b＜0，c ＞0，那么它的图象一定不经过（）A．第一象限B．第二象限C．第三象限D．第四象限【分析】根据已知条件“a＞0，b＜0，c＞0”判断出该函数图象的开口方向、与x 和y轴的交点、对称轴所在的位置，然后据此来判断它的图象一定不经过第三象限．【解答】解：①∵a＞0、c＞0，∴该抛物线开口方向向上，且与y轴交于正半轴；②∵a＞0，b＜0，∴二次函数y=ax2+bx+c的函数图象的对称轴是x=﹣＞0，∴二次函数y=ax2+bx+c的函数图象的对称轴在第一象限；综合①②，二次函数y=ax2+bx+c的图象一定不经过第三象限．故选C．【点评】本题考查了二次函数图象与系数的关系．根据二次函数y=ax2+bx+c系数符号判断抛物线开口方向、对称轴、抛物线与y轴的交点抛物线与x轴交点的个数．5．（4分）（2017•杨浦区一模）下列命题不一定成立的是（）A．斜边与一条直角边对应成比例的两个直角三角形相似B．两个等腰直角三角形相似C．两边对应成比例且有一个角相等的两个三角形相似D．各有一个角等于100°的两个等腰三角形相似【分析】根据相似三角形的判定定理进行判定即可．【解答】解：斜边与一条直角边对应成比例的两个直角三角形相似一定成立；两个等腰直角三角形相似一定成立；两边对应成比例且有一个角相等的两个三角形相似不一定成立；各有一个角等于100°的两个等腰三角形相似一定成立，故选：C．【点评】本题考查的是命题的真假判断，正确的命题叫真命题，错误的命题叫做假命题．判断命题的真假关键是要熟悉课本中的性质定理．6．（4分）（2017•杨浦区一模）在△ABC和△DEF中，∠A=40°，∠D=60°，∠E=80°，，那么∠B的度数是（）A．40°B．60°C．80°D．100°【分析】根据可以确定对应角，根据对应角相等的性质即可求得∠B的大小，即可解题．【解答】解：∵，∴∠B与∠D是对应角，故∠B=∠D=60°．故选B．【点评】本题考查了相似三角形对应角相等的性质，考查了对应边比值相等的性质，本题中求∠B和∠D是对应角是解题的关键．二、填空题（本大题共12题，每题4分，满分48分）7．（4分）（2017•杨浦区一模）线段3cm和4cm的比例中项是2cm．【分析】根据比例中项的概念，a：b=b：c，设比例中项是xcm，则列比例式可求．【解答】解：设比例中项是xcm，则：3：x=x：4，x2=12，x=±2，∵线段是正值，∴负值舍去，故答案为：2．【点评】本题主要考查了比例线段，理解比例中项的概念，求两条线段的比例中项的时候，应舍去负数是解答此题的关键．8．（4分）（2017•杨浦区一模）抛物线y=2（x+4）2的顶点坐标是（﹣4，0）．【分析】由抛物线的解析式可求得答案．【解答】解：∵y=2（x+4）2，∴抛物线顶点坐标为（﹣4，0），故答案为：（﹣4，0）．【点评】本题主要考查二次函数的性质，掌握二次函数的顶点式是解题的关键，即在y=a（x﹣h）2+k中，对称轴为x=h，顶点坐标为（h，k）．9．（4分）（2017•杨浦区一模）函数y=ax2（a＞0）中，当x＜0时，y随x的增大而减小．【分析】由解析式可确定其开口方向，再根据增减性可求得答案．【解答】解：∵y=ax2（a＞0），∴抛物线开口向上，对称轴为y轴，∴当x＜0时，y随x的增大而减小，故答案为：减小．【点评】本题主要考查二次函数的性质，掌握二次函数的增减性是解题的关键．10．（4分）（2017•杨浦区一模）如果抛物线y=ax2+bx+c（a≠0）经过点（﹣1，2）和（4，2），那么它的对称轴是直线x=．【分析】根据抛物线上函数值相等的点离对称轴的距离相等可求得答案．【解答】解：∵抛物线y=ax2+bx+c（a≠0）经过点（﹣1，2）和（4，2），∴对称轴为x==，故答案为：x=．【点评】本题主要考查二次函数的性质，掌握抛物线上函数值相等的点离对称轴的距离相等是解题的关键．11．（4分）（2017•杨浦区一模）如图，△ABC中，点D、E、F分别在边AB、AC、BC上，且DE∥BC，EF∥AB，DE：BC=1：3，那么EF：AB的值为．【分析】利用DE∥BC可判断△ADE∽△ABC，利用相似的性质的得==，再利用比例性质得=，然后证明△CEF∽△CAB，然后利用相似比可得到的值．【解答】解：∵DE∥BC，∴△ADE∽△ABC，∴==，∴=，∵EF∥AB，∴△CEF∽△CAB，∴==．故答案为．【点评】本题考查了三角形相似的判定与性质：在判定两个三角形相似时，应注意利用图形中已有的公共角、公共边等隐含条件，以充分发挥基本图形的作用，寻找相似三角形的一般方法是通过作平行线构造相似三角形；在运用相似三角形的性质时，主要利用相似进行几何计算．12．（4分）（2017•杨浦区一模）如图，在梯形ABCD中，AD∥BC，AC与BD相交于点O，如果BC=2AD，那么S△ADC ：S△ABC的值为1：2．【分析】根据梯形的性质和三角形的面积计算公式，可以解答本题．【解答】解：∵在梯形ABCD中，AD∥BC，BC=2AD，设AD与BC间的距离为h，则，故答案为：1：2．【点评】本题考查梯形、三角形的面积，解题的关键是明确题意，找出所求问题需要的条件．13．（4分）（2017•杨浦区一模）如果两个相似三角形的面积之比是9：25，其中小三角形一边上的中线长是12cm，那么大三角形对应边上的中线长是20cm．【分析】因为两个三角形的面积之比9：25，根据相似三角形面积比等于相似比的平方，即可求出周长的比，又因为对应中线的比等于相似比即可求出大三角形的中线．【解答】解：∵两个相似三角形的面积之比是9：25，∴大三角形的周长：小三角形的周长是5：3，∵小三角形一边上的中线长是12cm，∴12÷=20cm，∴大三角形对应边上的中线长是20cm．【点评】本题考查对相似三角形性质的理解．（1）相似三角形面积的比等于相似比的平方；（3）相似三角形对应中线的比等于相似比．14．（4分）（2017•杨浦区一模）如果+=3，2﹣=，那么=（用表示）．【分析】根据平面向量的运算法则进行计算即可．【解答】解：∵2﹣=，∴6﹣3=3，∵+=3，∴+=6﹣3，∴=．故答案是：．【点评】本题考查了平面向量的运算，类似于解一元一次方程进行计算即可，比较简单，要注意移项要变号．15．（4分）（2017•杨浦区一模）已知α是锐角，tanα=2cos30°，那么α=60度．【分析】根据30°角的余弦值等于，正切值是的锐角为60°解答即可．【解答】解：∵tanα=2cos30°=2×=，∴α=60°．故答案为：60．【点评】本题考查了特殊角的三角函数值，熟记30°、45°、60°角的正弦值、余弦值、正切值是解此类题目的关键．16．（4分）（2017•杨浦区一模）如图是一斜坡的横截面，某人沿着斜坡从P处出发，走了13米到达M处，此时在铅垂方向上上升了5米，那么该斜坡的坡度是i=1： 2.4．【分析】垂直高度、水平距离和坡面距离正好构成一个直角三角形，先根据勾股定理，求出水平距离，然后根据定义解答．【解答】解：由题意得，水平距离==12，∴坡比i=5：12=1：2.4．故答案为2.4【点评】本题考查的知识点为：坡度=垂直距离：水平距离，通常写成1：n的形式，属于基础题．17．（4分）（2017•杨浦区一模）用“描点法”画二次函数y=ax2+bx+c（a≠0）的图象时，列出了如下表格：x…12 3 4…y=ax2+bx+c…0﹣1 0 3 …那么该二次函数在x=0时，y=3．【分析】根据题目提供的满足二次函数解析式的x、y的值，确定二次函数的对称轴，利用抛物线的对称性找到当x=0时，y的值即可．【解答】解：由上表可知函数图象经过点（1，0）和点（3，0），∴对称轴为x=2，∴当x=4时的函数值等于当x=0时的函数值，∵当x=4时，y=3，∴当x=0时，y=3．故答案是：3．【点评】本题考查了二次函数的图象的性质，利用表格找到二次函数的对称点是解决此题的关键．18．（4分）（2017•杨浦区一模）如图，△ABC中，AB=AC=5，BC=6，BD⊥AC于点D，将△BCD绕点B逆时针旋转，旋转角的大小与∠CBA相等，如果点C、D 旋转后分别落在点E、F的位置，那么∠EFD的正切值是．【分析】作AH⊥BC于H，延长CD交EF于G，根据等腰三角形的性质和勾股定理求出AH、BD、CD、AD，根据旋转变换的性质得到∠FBD=∠CBA，证明FB∥AH，根据四点共圆得到∠EFD=∠GBD，求出tan∠GBD即可．【解答】解：作AH⊥BC于H，延长CD交EF于G，∵AB=AC，∴BH=CH=BC=3，由勾股定理得，AH==4，×BC×AH=×AC×BD，即6×4=5×BD，解得，BD=，∴CD==，AD=，∵∠FBD=∠CBA，∴∠FBE=∠DBC，∵∠DBC+∠C=90°，∠HAC+∠C=90°，∴∠FBE=∠BAH，∴FB∥AH，∴∠FBC=∠AHC=90°，∴EF∥BC，∴∠E=∠ABC=∠C=∠EGA，∴AG=AE=BE﹣AB=BC﹣AB=1，∴DG=，∴∠F=∠BDC=90°，∴F、B、D、G四点共圆，∴∠EFD=∠GBD，tan∠GBD==，∴∠EFD的正切值是，故答案为：．【点评】本题考查的是旋转变换的性质、等腰三角形的性质、锐角三角函数的应用，掌握旋转变换的性质、熟记锐角三角函数的概念是解题的关键．三、解答题（本大题共7题，满分78分）19．（10分）（2017•杨浦区一模）如图，已知△ABC中，点F在边AB上，且AF=AB、过A作AG∥BC交CF的延长线于点G．（1）设=，=，试用向量和表示向量；（2）在图中求作向量与的和向量．（不要求写作法，但要指出所作图中表示结论的向量）【分析】（1）证△AGF∽△BCF得==，即AG=CB，由=（）可得答案；（2）延长CB到E，使BE=AG，连接AE，则=．【解答】解：（1）∵AG∥BC，AF=AB，∴△AGF∽△BCF，=，∴==，即AG=CB，∴=（）=﹣；（2）如图所示，==．【点评】本题主要考查相似三角形的判定与性质及向量的运算、作图，熟练掌握向量的基本运算法则是解题的关键．20．（10分）（2017•杨浦区一模）已知抛物线y=﹣x2+bx+c经过点B（﹣1，0）和点C（2，3）．（1）求此抛物线的表达式；（2）如果此抛物线上下平移后过点（﹣2，﹣1），试确定平移的方向和平移的距离．【分析】（1）待定系数法求解可得；（2）求出原抛物线上x=﹣2时，y的值，若点（﹣2，﹣5）平移后的对应点为（﹣2，﹣1），根据纵坐标的变化可得其中的一种平移方式．【解答】解：（1）将点B（﹣1，0）、C（2，3）代入y=﹣x2+bx+c，得：，解得：，∴此抛物线的表达式为y=﹣x2+2x+3；（2）在y=﹣x2+2x+3中，当x=﹣2时，y=﹣4﹣4+3=﹣5，若点（﹣2，﹣5）平移后的对应点为（﹣2，﹣1），则需将抛物线向上平移4个单位．【点评】本题主要考查待定系数法求二次函数的解析式及抛物线的平移，熟练掌握待定系数法求二次函数的解析式是解题的关键．21．（10分）（2017•杨浦区一模）已知：如图，梯形ABCD中，AD∥BC，∠ABD=∠C，AD=4，BC=9，锐角∠DBC的正弦值为．求：（1）对角线BD的长；（2）梯形ABCD的面积．【分析】（1）求出△ABD∽△DCB，得出比例式，即可得出答案；（2）过D作DE⊥BC于E，解直角三角形求出DE，根据面积公式求出即可．【解答】解：（1）∵AD∥BC，∴∠ADB=∠DBC，∵∠ABD=∠C，∴△ABD∽△DCB，∴=，∵AD=4，BC=9，∴BD=6；（2）过D作DE⊥BC于E，则∠DEB=90°，∵锐角∠DBC的正弦值为，∴sin∠DBC==，∵BD=6，∴DE=4，∴梯形ABCD的面积为×（AD+BC）×DE=×（4+9）×4=26．【点评】本题考查了相似三角形的性质和判定，梯形的性质，解直角三角形等知识点，能求出BD的长是解此题的关键．22．（10分）（2017•杨浦区一模）如图，某客轮以每小时10海里的速度向正东方向航行，到A处时向位于南偏西30°方向且相距12海里的B处发出送货请求，货轮接到请求后即刻沿着北偏东某一方向以每小时14海里的速度出发，在C处恰好与客轮相逢，试求货轮从出发到客轮相逢所用的时间．【分析】首先证明AC=AB=12，根据时间=路程÷速度，计算即可解决问题．【解答】解：如图，由题意，∠ABF=30°，∠CBF=60°，∴∠FAB=60°，∠ABC=∠C=30°，∴AC=AB=12，货轮从出发到客轮相逢所用的时间==1.2小时．答：货轮从出发到客轮相逢所用的时间1，2小时．【点评】本题考查解直角三角形的应用﹣方向角、等腰三角形的判定、路程、时间、速度之间的关系等知识，解题的关键是掌握方向角的定义，属于中考常考题型．23．（12分）（2017•杨浦区一模）已知：如图，在△ABC中，点D、G分别在边AB、BC上，∠ACD=∠B，AG与CD相交于点F．（1）求证：AC2=AD•AB；（2）若=，求证：CG2=DF•BG．【分析】（1）证明△ACD∽△ABC，得出对应边成比例AC：AB=AD：AC，即可得出结论；（2）由相似三角形的性质得出∠ADF=∠ACG，由已知证出△ADF∽△ACG，得出∠DAF=∠CAF，AG是∠BAC的平分线，由角平分线得出，即可得出结论．【解答】（1）证明：∵∠ACD=∠B，∠CAD=∠BAC，∴△ACD∽△ABC，∴AC：AB=AD：AC，∴AC2=AD•AB；（2）证明：∵△ACD∽△ABC，∴∠ADF=∠ACG，∵=，∴△ADF∽△ACG，∴∠DAF=∠CAF，即∠BAG=∠CAG，AG是∠BAC的平分线，∴，∴，∴CG2=DF•BG．【点评】本题考查了相似三角形的判定与性质以及角平分线的性质；熟练掌握相似三角形的判定与性质是解决问题的关键．24．（12分）（2017•杨浦区一模）在直角坐标系xOy中（如图），抛物线y=ax2﹣4ax+4a+3（a＜0）的顶点为D，它的对称轴与x轴交点为M．（1）求点D、点M的坐标；（2）如果该抛物线与y轴的交点为A，点P在抛物线上且AM∥DP，AM=2DP，求a的值．【分析】（1）由y=ax2﹣4ax+4a+3=a（x﹣2）2+3，可得顶点D（2，3），M（2，0）．（2）作PN⊥DM于N．由△PDN∽△MAO，得===，因为OM=2，OA=﹣4a﹣3，PN=1，所以P（1，a+3），DN=﹣a，根据OA=2DN，可得方程﹣4a﹣3=﹣2a，由此即可解决问题．【解答】解：（1）∵y=ax2﹣4ax+4a+3=a（x﹣2）2+3，∴顶点D（2，3），M（2，0）．（2）作PN⊥DM于N．∵AM∥DP，∴∠PDN=∠AMG，∵DG∥OA，∴∠OAM=∠AMG=∠PDN，∵∠PND=∠AOM=90°，∴△PDN∽△MAO，∴===，∵OM=2，OA=﹣4a﹣3，PN=1，∴P（1，a+3），∴DN=﹣a，∵OA=2DN，∴﹣4a﹣3=﹣2a，∴a=﹣．当点A在y的正半轴上时，如图，∴△PDN∽△MAO，∴===，∵OM=2，OA=4a+3，PN=1，∴P（3，a+3），∴DN=﹣a，∵OA=2DN，∴4a+3=﹣2a，∴a=﹣，综上所述，满足条件的a的值为﹣或﹣．【点评】本题考查抛物线与x轴的交点、相似三角形的判定和性质等知识，解题的关键是灵活运用所学知识解决问题，学会利用相似三角形的性质解决问题，用方程的思想思考问题，属于中考常考题型．25．（14分）（2017•杨浦区一模）在Rt△ABC中，∠ACB=90°，AC=BC=2，点P 为边BC上的一动点（不与B、C重合），点P关于直线AC、AB的对称点分别为M、N，连接MN交边AB于点F，交边AC于点E．（1）如图1，当点P为边BC的中点时，求∠M的正切值；=y，求y关于x的函数关系式，并写出定义域；（2）连接FP，设CP=x，S△MPF（3）连接AM，当点P在边BC上运动时，△AEF与△ABM是否一定相似？若是，请证明；若不是，请求出当△AEF与△ABM相似时CP的长．【分析】（1）先求出CP=1，利用对称得出∠MBN=90°，BP=BP=3，最后用锐角三角函数的定义即可；（2）先求出FG，再利用同角的三角函数相等，得出PG，再用三角形的面积公式求解即可；（3）利用对称先判断出AM=AP=AN，进而得出三角形AMN是等腰直角三角形，即可得出∠AMN=45°，得出∠AFE=∠AMB，即可判断出△AEF∽△BAM．【解答】解：（1）如图1，连接BN，∵点P为边BC的中点，∴CP=BP=BC=1，∵点P与点M关于AC对称，∴CM=CP=1∵∠ACB=90°，AC=BC=2，∴∠BAC=∠ABC=45°，∵点P与点N关于AB对称，∴BP=BN=1，∠ABN=∠ABC=45°，∴∠CBM=90°，BM=CM+BC=3在Rt△MBN中，tan∠M==；（2）如图2，过点F作FG⊥BC，设PG=m，∴BG=BP﹣PG=2﹣x﹣m，MG=MP+PG=2x+m，在Rt△BFG中，∠FBG=45°，∴FG=BG=2﹣x﹣m，在Rt△FMG中，tan∠M==，在Rt△MNB中，tan∠M==，∴，∴m=，∴FG=2﹣x﹣∴y=S=MP•FG=×2x×[2﹣x﹣]=（0＜x＜2）；△MPF（3）△AEF∽△BAM理由：如图3，连接AM，AP，AN，BN，∵点P关于直线AC、AB的对称点分别为M、N，∴AM=AP=AN．∠MAC=∠PAC，∠PAB=∠NAB，∵∠BAC=∠PAC+∠PAB=45°，∴∠MAN=∠MAC+∠PAC+∠BAP+∠NAB=2（∠PAC+∠PAB）=90°，∴∠AMN=45°=∠ABC，∵∠AFE=∠ABC+∠BMF，∠AMB=∠AMN+∠BMF，∴∠AFE=∠AMB，∵∠EAF=∠ABM=45°，∴△AEF∽△BAM．【点评】此题是相似形综合题，主要考查了锐角三角函数，勾股定理，对称的性质，三角形的面积公式，相似三角形的判定和性质，解本题的关键是得出△PFM 的边PM上高和△MAN是等腰直角三角形，是一道很好的中考常考题．。

2017年上海杨浦区初三一模物理试卷答案

2017年上海杨浦区初三一模物理试卷答案

用管子吸饮料注射器018/12/052018/12/05离心式水泵D.茶壶答 案解 析DA．用管子吸饮料是利用了大气压的作用，不符合连通器的特点，不合题意；B．注射器吸药液时是利用了大气压的作用，不符合连通器的特点，不合题意；C．离心式水泵在工作时是利用了大气压的作用，不符合连通器的特点，不合题意；D.答 案解 析A由题意可知，开关串联接在电路中，共同控制电动机的工作，故A符合题意，BCD不符合题意．任一只手柄刹车时，该手柄上的开关立即断开、电动机停止工作说明两开关相互影响、不能独立工作即为串联．学生版 教师版>ρAD.4:3电压表示数变小，电流表示数变小，两个电表示数都变小的位置互换，电压表测量电源电压，保持不变，电流表测量干路电流，滑片向右移动，电阻变大，电流减小，由并联电路电流规律可知，电流表的示数减小；故ABh i.i zh ik an g .c om2018/12/0514.1．2．3．答 案解 析我国自主研发的“蛟龙号”深海潜水器曾潜到海面下米的深度．如图，当它下潜到上表面距海面米静止时，海水对潜水器上表面产生的压强约为 帕(海水密度近似等于淡水密度)．当潜水器继续下降时，海水对潜水器上表面产生的压强将 ，潜水器受到的浮力将 (选填“变大”、“不变”或“变小”)．变大不变（）深度受到海水的压强为：；（）潜水器在水面下不断下潜的过程中，水的密度不变，因为，潜水器所处的深度变大，所以，潜水器受到的水的压强变大，因此受水的压力也变大；因为，排开水的体积不变，所以，潜水器受到的浮力不变．（）根据公式求出海水的压强；（）潜水器在水面下不断下潜的过程中，排开水的体积不变、所处深度变大，但水的密度不变，利用液体压强公式和阿基米德原理的推导公式分析判断．本题考查了学生对阿基米德原理、液体压强公式的掌握和运用，得出排开水体积的变化和深度变化是突破口．故答案为：；变大；不变．7062109.8×10411000m p =gh =1.0×kg/×9.8N/kg ×10m =9.8×Pa ρ海水103m 31042ρp =ρgh h =ρg F 浮V 排1p =ρgh 2p =gh ρ液=g F 浮ρ液V 排9.8×104可知，电源电压一定时，电路总电阻越小，电路中电流越大，车重表的示数越大．=URga甲p1）液体产生的压强与液体密度和物体所处深度有关，由于乙图中木块所处深度大于甲图中木块所处深，同一木块重力相=G测总电压，电流表测电路中的电流．两端的电压，则示数一定和电流表无示数，故障可能测总电压，电流表测电oaijj i ao sh i .i zh ik a明确力的三要素，再确定一个标度，并用这个标度去准确表示出力的大小．如图所示：在如图所示电路的〇里填上适当的电表符号，使之成为正确的电路．由电路图可知，无论两处位置是哪种电表，两灯泡都不会出现串联，因此，要使两灯泡都能工作，则两灯泡只能并联，则左边的圈应为电流表，中间的圈应为电压表，如图所示．故答案为：．在图中，请用笔画线代替导线正确连接线路，要求灯根据实物电路连接要求，本题的开关应是干路开关，灯并联，电流表与串联．L 1L 1教师版 答案版j i ao shi .i z hi k an g .co m 如图所示：漂浮在水面上的冰块浸入水中的体积为，求冰块受到的浮力冰块受到的浮力：冰块浸入水中的体积即为排开水的体积，根据阿基米德原理求出冰块受到的浮力．本题考查了阿基米德原理的应用，是一道基础题目．故答案为：．5×10−3m 3g =1.0×kg/×9.8N/kg V 排103m 349N 在图所示的电路中，电源电压为伏且不变，电阻为支路，开关位于支路．的电流不变，则电流表的示数：12R 2S R 1A 2 答案版m2018/12/05在保证电路中各元件不损坏的情况下，求连入电路的取值范围．根据欧姆定律的变形公式求出电压表的示数；得，定值电阻两端的电压：．先根据串联电路电压规律求出滑动变阻器两端的电压，再根据欧姆定律的变形公式求出此时根据串联电路电压规律可知，滑动变阻器两端的电压：，的电阻值：．根据①②可判断电表选择的量程，结合滑动变阻器允许通过的最大电流，得出电路中的最大电流和滑最后利用串联电路电压规律和欧姆定律求出滑动变阻器连入电路的最小阻值和最大阻值，从而得，电压表、选择的量程为，在保证电路中各元件不损坏的情况下，所以电路中的电流最大电流得，定值电阻据串联电路电压规律可知，滑动变阻器两端的电压：V 1U 1R 1==1A ×5Ω=5V U 1R 116V −5V =11V R 2=11ΩR 2V 1V 2I =URj i ao s hi .i zh i k an g .co m 20图甲中，为了研究压力的作用效果与哪些因素有关，某同学把铅笔压在大拇指和食指之间，感觉食指比大拇指痛，说明： ．图乙中，两支恰好能套在一起的试管，在较大的试管中注入约的水，将较小的试管插入大试管中，然后迅速把它们一起倒过来．会观察到：小试管会 ．装置丙可以用来验证 ．装置丁可以用来探究 的规律．压力相等时，受力面积越小，压力作用效果越显著因为力的作用是相互的，所以大拇指和食指受到的压力大小相等；由图知，食指比大拇指痛受力面积小，感觉食指比大拇指痛，说明：压力相等时，受力面积越小，压力作用效果越显著．故答案为：压力相等时，受力面积越小，压力作用效果越显著．向上运动大试管中注水并插入小试管后，水填充了小试管和大试管底部之间的部分，迅速倒过来，水会在自身重力的作用下，从两个试管壁之间的空隙流动，从而在小试管底部形成一部分真空区域，在大气压的由称重法知，丙图中两次弹簧测力计示数之差的大小等于物体受到的浮力，即1/3答案版h i.i zh ik an g .c om2018/12/05；，从图中读出浸入物块后总体积为；为了得到物体质量与体积的关系，要进行多次测量，具体做法：应测量多组数据．为了得到可靠的结论，还要选择多种物质的物块进行实验．；多组；多种．20g +1.4g =21.4g 40cm 330ml =30cm m 3如图所示，小明调整后的电路中有两根导线尚未连接，请用笔画线代替导线补上．小明在做“用电流表、电压表测电阻”的实验，实验器材齐全且完好，电源电压不高于骤正确，闭合电键后，观察到电压表恰好满刻度．经过思考后，为了精确读数，他断开电键，适当调整电路，闭合电键后，伏，电流表示数的变化范围为点时，观察到电压表、电流表示数如图所示．（②、③、④题写出计算过程，电阻平均值精确到j i ao sh i.i zh ik an g.co m2实验中的电源电压为 伏，滑动变阻器的最大电阻值为 欧．1．2．点在滑动变阻器中点位置的 侧(选填“左”或“右”)．在第次实验操作中，他正确连接实验器材，说明滑动变阻器连入电路中的电阻最大，且电压表并联在待测电阻的两端，实验步骤正确，闭合电键后，观察到电压表恰好满刻度，因电源电压不高于伏．所以此时电压表选用的是在第次实验操作中，他断开电键，适当调整电路，闭合电键后，在移动变阻器滑片到电压表示数的最大值为伏，由第不可能接在电源的两端，只能并联在变阻器的两端，实物图的连接如下图所示：故答案为：．因此时变阻器的电压最大，根据分压原理，变阻器的全部电阻连入了电路中，次实验操作，因电源电压保持不变，此时定值电阻的电压为，根据串联电路电压的规律，；此时因电路的总电阻最大，根据欧姆定律，所以对应的电流最小，，变阻器的最大阻值故答案为：；．当变阻器滑片移到点时，观察到电压表、电流表示数如图所示，因电表均选用小量程，电压表分度值为，示数为10−3V 2 1.54.55=1.5V U 滑13V =3V +1.5V =4.5V ==R 滑U 滑1I 1 1.5V0.3A 4.55P a 教师版 答案版j i ao sh i.i zh ik an g .c om2018/12/0531.（1）分析比较实验序号 的数据及相关条件初步得出：玻璃管竖直插入同种液体中，使薄片恰好下落时管内水的深度与管口面积无关．答 案解 析在学习了液体压强知识后，某小组同学对如图所示实验产生了兴趣，他们想继续探究实验中使薄片恰好下落时管内水的深度与什么有关．他们在液体槽中装入甲液体，在两端开口、粗细均匀的玻璃管的下端贴一个比管口稍大的塑料薄片，并将玻璃管竖直插入液体槽中，然后顺着管壁从上端开口处向管内缓缓注水，直至观察到薄片恰好脱离管口下落．记录玻璃管的管口面积、槽中液体密度和玻璃管插入液体的深度，管中水的深度．接着改变深度、槽中液体的种类和玻璃管的粗细，重复实验，所有数据均记录在下表．(薄片的重力、玻璃管的厚度忽略不计)实验序号槽中液体密度深度管口面积水的深度、（或、）探究在同一种液体中，薄片恰好下落时管内水的深度与管口面积的关系，要控制槽中液体密度和玻璃管插入液体的深度不变，只改变玻璃管的管口面积，故应选择实验序号、（或、）；故答案为：（）、（或、）．H 水S ρh H 水h ρ(×kg/)103m 3h (m)S (×)10−4m 2(m)H 10.80.150.0820.250.1630.350.2440.3100.245 1.00.0650.0660.150.1070.1650.1680.250.209 1.20.0530.06100.130.12110.230.24120.280.24H 水S 341112S ρh S 3411121341112。

2017年上海市杨浦区高考数学一模试卷

2017年上海市杨浦区高考数学一模试卷

2017年上海市杨浦区高考数学一模试卷一、填空题（本大题满分54分）共12小题，1-6题每题4分，7-12题每题5分1. 若“”，则“”是________命题（填：真、假）【答案】真【考点】命题的真假判断与应用不等式的概念与应用【解析】利用函数在是单调增函数判定．【解答】解：函数在是单调增函数，∴当，一定有，故是真命题答案为：真．2. 已知,，若，则的取值范围是________．【答案】．【考点】并集及其运算【解析】利用集合的性质直接求解，解题时要注意的是是成立的【解答】解：若，,，必有；故答案为：．3. （为虚数单位），则________．【答案】【考点】复数的模【解析】设，代入，化为：，利用复数相等即可得出．【解答】解：设，∵，∴，化为：，∴，，解得，．∴．故答案为：．4. 若中，，，则面积的最大值是________．【答案】【考点】正弦定理【解析】由条件可得的面积，再利用正弦函数的值域、基本不等式求得的最大值．【解答】解：在中，∵，，∴的面积，当且仅当时取等号，故答案为：．5. 若函数的反函数的图象经过点，则________．【答案】【考点】反函数【解析】由函数的反函数的图象经过点，得函数的图象经过点，代入计算可得结论．【解答】解：∵函数的反函数的图象经过点，∴函数的图象经过点，∴，∴，故答案为．6. 过半径为的球表面上一点作球的截面，若与该截面所成的角是，则该截面的面积是________．【答案】【考点】直线与平面所成的角球的性质【解析】充分利用球的半径、球心与截面圆心的连线、在截面圆上的射影构成的直角三角形解决即可．【解答】设截面的圆心为，由题意得：，，∴．7. 抛掷一枚均匀的骰子（刻有，，，，，）三次，得到的数字依次记作，，，则（为虚数单位）是方程的根的概率是________．【答案】【考点】古典概型及其概率计算公式【解析】基本事件总数，由（为虚数单位）是方程的根，得，，由此能求出（为虚数单位）是方程的根的概率．【解答】解：抛掷一枚均匀的骰子（刻有，，，，，）三次，得到的数字依次记作，，，基本事件总数，∵（为虚数单位）是方程的根，∴，即，∴，，∴（为虚数单位）是方程的根包含的基本事件为：，，∴（为虚数单位）是方程的根的概率是．故答案为：．8. 设常数，展开式中的系数为，则________．【答案】【考点】二项式定理的应用【解析】由，根据的系数为，求出，从而，解得，由此能求出的值．【解答】解：∵常数，展开式中的系数为，∴，当时，，∴，解得，∴，∴．故答案为：．9. 已知直线经过点且方向向量为，则原点到直线的距离为________．【答案】【考点】点到直线的距离公式【解析】通过方向向量求出直线的斜率，利用点斜式写出直线方程，通过点到直线的距离求解即可．【解答】解：直线的方向向量为，所以直线的斜率为：，直线方程为：，由点到直线的距离可知：；故答案为：．10. 若双曲线的一条渐近线为，且双曲线与抛物线的准线仅有一个公共点，则此双曲线的标准方程为________．【答案】【考点】直线与抛物线的位置关系抛物线的求解直线与双曲线的位置关系【解析】求出抛物线的准线方程，得到双曲线的实半轴的长，利用双曲线的渐近线方程，求解即可．【解答】解：抛物线的准线：，双曲线与抛物线的准线仅有一个公共点，可得双曲线实半轴长为，焦点在轴上．双曲线的一条渐近线为，∴，可得，则此双曲线的标准方程为：．故答案为：．11. 平面直角坐标系中，给出点，，若直线存在点，使得，则实数的取值范围是________．【答案】或【考点】两点间的距离公式【解析】根据题意，设出点，代入，化简得，由，求出实数的取值范围．【解答】解：设，∵，∴，∴，化简得，则，解得或，即实数的取值范围是或．故答案为：或．12. 已知偶函数满足，且在时，，若存在，，…满足，且（，则最小值为________．【答案】【考点】函数的最值及其几何意义【解析】由函数是最小正周期为的偶函数可知函数的值域为，对任意，,…,，都有，要使取得最小值，尽可能多让,…,取得最高点，然后可得的最小值．【解答】解：∵偶函数满足，∴函数是周期为4的偶函数，且当时，，∴函数的值域为，对任意，,…,，都有，若，注意到在上是单调递减函数，，，则，∴不妨设当时，，要使取得最小值，则尽可能多让,…,取得最高点与最低点，且，，，∵，且，=2018，根据，且，相应的最小值为．故答案为：．二、选择题（本大题共4题，满分20分）若与都是非零向量，则“”是“”的（）A.充分但非必要条件B.必要但非充分条件C.充要条件D.既非充分也非必要条件【答案】C【考点】平面向量数量积的运算必要条件、充分条件与充要条件的判断【解析】根据向量数量积运算和向量垂直的充要条件，可得答案．【解答】解：“”“”“”“”，故“”是“”的充要条件，故选：行列式中，元素的代数余子式的值为（）A. B. C. D.【答案】B【考点】二阶行列式的定义【解析】利用代数余子式的定义和性质求解．【解答】解：∵行列式，∴元素的代数余子式为：．故选：．一个公司有名员工，其中名员工的月工资分别为，，，，，，另两名员工数据不清楚，那么位员工月工资的中位数不可能是（）A. B. C. D.【答案】D【考点】众数、中位数、平均数【解析】由已知能求出位员工月工资的中位数的取值区间为，由此能求出结果．【解答】∵一个公司有名员工，其中名员工的月工资分别为，，，，，，∴当另外两名员工的工资都小于时，中位数为，当另外两名员工的工资都大于时，中位数为，∴位员工月工资的中位数的取值区间为，∴位员工月工资的中位数不可能是若直线通过点，则下列不等式正确的是（）A. B.C. D.【答案】D【考点】不等式比较两数大小【解析】先把点代入得到，即可得到，得到，问题得以判断【解答】解：直线通过点，∴，∴，其中，∴，∴，∴，故选：三、解答题（满分76分）共5题某柱体实心铜制零件的截面边长是长度为毫米线段和毫米的线段以及圆心为，半径为的一段圆弧构成，其中．（1）求半径的长度；（2）现知该零件的厚度为毫米，试求该零件的重量（每个立方厘米铜重克，按四舍五入精确到克）．柱底．【答案】解：（1）∵，，，．，∴在中，由余弦定理可得：，可得：，∴解得：．（2）在中，，，，，∴．∴．柱底扇形该零件的重量．【考点】弧长公式【解析】（1）在中，由余弦定理建立方程，即可求半径的长度；（2）求出柱底，即可求该零件的重．量【解答】解：（1）∵，，，．，∴在中，由余弦定理可得：，可得：，∴解得：．（2）在中，，，，，∴．∴．柱底扇形该零件的重量．如图所示，，是互相垂直的异面直线，是它们的公垂线段，点，在直线上，且位于点的两侧，在上，（1）求证：异面直线与垂直；（2）若四面体的体积，求异面直线，之间的距离．【答案】解：（1）证明：由已知，，，可得平面．由已知，，可知且．又为在平面内的射影．∴（2）∵，是它们的公垂线段，就是异面直线，之间的距离，由中垂线的性质可得，四面体的体积，可得：，∴．异面直线，之间的距离为．【考点】点、线、面间的距离计算【解析】（1）欲证，可先证面，根据线面垂直的判定定理只需证，即可；（2）判断异面直线的距离，利用体积公式求解即可．【解答】解：（1）证明：由已知，，，可得平面．由已知，，可知且．又为在平面内的射影．∴（2）∵，是它们的公垂线段，就是异面直线，之间的距离，由中垂线的性质可得，四面体的体积，可得：，∴．异面直线，之间的距离为．如图所示，椭圆，左右焦点分别记作，，过，分别作直线，交椭圆，，且．（1）当直线的斜率与直线的斜率都存在时，求证：为定值；（2）求四边形面积的最大值．【答案】（1）证明：由椭圆，得，，∴．设，则所在直线方程为，所在直线方程为，联立，得．解得，不妨取，则同理求得，．则，则；（2）解：由（1）知，，．、的距离，∴．四边形令，则，∴当时，．【考点】直线与椭圆的位置关系【解析】（1）由椭圆方程求出焦点坐标，得到直线、的方程，与椭圆方程联立求得、的坐标，求出所在直线斜率得答案；（2）由（1）结合弦长公式求得，再由两平行线间的距离公式求出边、的距离，代入平行四边形面积公式，利用换元法求得最值．【解答】（1）证明：由椭圆，得，，∴．设，则所在直线方程为，所在直线方程为，联立，得．解得，不妨取，则同理求得，．则，则；（2）解：由（1）知，，．、的距离，∴．四边形令，则，∴当时，．数列，定义为数列的一阶差分数列，其中（1）若，试判断是否是等差数列，并说明理由；（2）若，，求数列的通项公式；（3）对中的数列，是否存在等差数列，使得，对一切都成立，若存在，求出数列的通项公式，若不存在，请说明理由．【答案】解：（1）若，试判断是等差数列，理由如下：∵，∴，∵，且，∴是首项为，公差为的等差数列；（2）∵．，∴，∴，∴数列构成以为首项，为公差的等差数列，即；（3），即，∵，∴存在等差数列，，使得对一切自然都成立．【考点】数列的求和数列递推式【解析】（1）根据数列的通项公式，结合新定义，可判定是首项为，公差为的等差数列；（2）由入手能够求出数列的通项公式；（3）结合组合数的性质：进行求解．【解答】解：（1）若，试判断是等差数列，理由如下：∵，∴，∵，且，∴是首项为，公差为的等差数列；（2）∵．，∴，∴，∴数列构成以为首项，为公差的等差数列，即；（3），即，∵，∴存在等差数列，，使得对一切自然都成立．对于函数，若存在正常数，使得对任意的，都有成立，我们称函数为“同比不减函数”．（1）求证：对任意正常数，都不是“同比不减函数”；（2）若函数是“同比不减函数”，求的取值范围；（3）是否存在正常数，使得函数为“同比不减函数”；若存在，求的取值范围；若不存在，请说明理由．【答案】解：（1）∵，∴，由于与的小无法比较，∴不一定成立，∴对任意正常数，都不是“同比不减函数，（2）∵函数是“同比不减函数，∴恒成立，∴，∵，∴，（3）图象如图所示，由图象可知，只要把图象向左至少平移个单位，即对任意的，都有成立，∴．【考点】函数与方程的综合运用【解析】（1）根据同比不减函数的定义即可证明，（2）根据同比不减函数的定义，分离参数得到，根据三角形函数的性质即可求出的范围，（3）画出函数的图象，根据图象的平移即可求出的范围．【解答】解：（1）∵，∴，由于与的小无法比较，∴不一定成立，∴对任意正常数，都不是“同比不减函数，（2）∵函数是“同比不减函数，∴恒成立，∴，∵，∴，（3）图象如图所示，由图象可知，只要把图象向左至少平移个单位，即对任意的，都有成立，∴．。

2017年上海杨浦区高考一模数学

2017年上海杨浦区高考一模数学

2017年上海市杨浦区高考一模数学一、填空题(本大题满分54分)共12小题，1-6题每题4分，7-12题每题5分1.若“a＞b”，则“a 3＞b 3”是____命题(填：真、假)解析：函数f(x)=x 3在R 是单调增函数，∴当a ＞b ，一定有a 3＞b 3，故是真命题. 答案：真.2.已知A=(﹣∞，0]，B=(a ，+∞)，若A ∪B=R ，则a 的取值范围是____. 解析：若A ∪B=R ，A=(﹣∞，0]，B=(a ，+∞)， 必有a ≤0. 答案：a ≤0.3.z+2z =9+4i(i 为虚数单位)，则|z|=____.解析：设z=x+yi(x ，y ∈R)，∵z+2z =9+4i ，∴x+yi+2(x ﹣yi)=9+4i ，化为：3x ﹣yi=9+4i ， ∴3x=9，﹣y=4，解得x=3，y=﹣4. ∴223(4)5z =+-=.答案：5.4.若△ABC 中，a+b=4，∠C=30°，则△ABC 面积的最大值是____. 解析：在△ABC 中，∵C=30°，a+b=4， ∴△ABC 的面积211111sin sin 30412244)4(2S ab C ab b ab a =⋅=⋅︒==+≤⨯⨯=，当且仅当a=b=2时取等号.答案：1.5.若函数()2g 1lo x f x ax -+=的反函数的图象经过点(﹣2，3)，则a=____. 解析：∵函数()2g 1lo x f x ax -+=的反函数的图象经过点(﹣2，3)，∴函数()2g 1lo x f x ax -+=的图象经过点(3，﹣2)，∴232log 31a-=-+，∴a=2. 答案：2.6.过半径为2的球O 表面上一点A 作球O 的截面，若OA 与该截面所成的角是60°，则该截面的面积是____.解析：设截面的圆心为Q ，由题意得：∠OAQ=60°，QA=1，∴S=π·12=π. 答案：π.7.抛掷一枚均匀的骰子(刻有1，2，3，4，5，6)三次，得到的数字依次记作a ，b ，c ，则a+bi(i 为虚数单位)是方程x 2﹣2x+c=0的根的概率是____.解析：抛掷一枚均匀的骰子(刻有1，2，3，4，5，6)三次，得到的数字依次记作a ，b ，c ， 基本事件总数n=6×6×6=216，∵a+bi(i 为虚数单位)是方程x 2﹣2x+c=0的根，∴(a+bi)2﹣2(a+bi)+c=0，即222022a b c a ab b⎧-+-=⎨=⎩，∴a=1，c=b 2+1， ∴a+bi(i 为虚数单位)是方程x 2﹣2x+c=0的根包含的基本事件为： (1，1，2)，(1，2，5)，∴a+bi(i 为虚数单位)是方程x 2﹣2x+c=0的根的概率是21216108p ==. 答案：1108.8.设常数a ＞0，9(x 展开式中x 6的系数为4，则()2lim n n a a a →∞++⋯+=____.解析：∵常数a ＞0，9(x +展开式中x 6的系数为4， ∴183922199r r r rrrr r T C x a xa C x---+==，当18362r-=时，r=2， ∴2294a C =，解得13a =，∴2211(1)1111133(1)13332313n n n na a a -+++==⋯-+-++= ， ∴()2111lim lim[(1)]232nn n n a a a →∞→∞++-==⋯+. 答案：12.9.已知直线l 经过点(且方向向量为(2，﹣1)，则原点O 到直线l 的距离为____. 解析：直线的方向向量为(2，﹣1)，所以直线的斜率为：﹣12，直线方程为：， 1=；答案：1.10.若双曲线的一条渐近线为x+2y=0，且双曲线与抛物线y=x 2的准线仅有一个公共点，则此双曲线的标准方程为____. 解析：抛物线y=x 2的准线：14y =-， 双曲线与抛物线y=x 2的准线仅有一个公共点，可得双曲线实半轴长为14a =，焦点在y 轴上. 双曲线的一条渐近线为x+2y=0，∴12a b =，可得12b =， 则此双曲线的标准方程为：22111164y x -=. 答案：22111164y x -=.11.平面直角坐标系中，给出点A(1，0)，B(4，0)，若直线x+my ﹣1=0存在点P ，使得|PA|=2|PB|，则实数m 的取值范围是____. 解析：设P(1﹣my ，y)， ∵|PA|=2|PB|，∴|PA|2=4|PB|2，∴(1﹣my ﹣1)2+y 2=4(1﹣my ﹣4)2+y 2，化简得(m 2+1)y 2+8my+12=0则△=64m 2﹣48m 2﹣48≥0， 解得mm即实数m 的取值范围是mm答案：mm12.函数y=f(x)是最小正周期为4的偶函数，且在x ∈[﹣2，0]时，f(x)=2x+1，若存在x 1，x 2，…x n 满足0≤x 1＜x 2＜…＜x n ，且|f(x 1)﹣f(x 2)|+|f(x 2)﹣f(x 1)|+…+|f(x n ﹣1﹣f(x n ))|=2016，则n+x n 的最小值为____.解析：∵函数y=f(x)是最小正周期为4的偶函数，且在x ∈[﹣2，0]时，f(x)=2x+1， ∴函数的值域为[﹣3，1]，对任意x i ，x j (i ，j=1，2，3，…，m)，都有|f(x i )﹣f(x j )|≤f(x)max ﹣f(x)min =4，要使n+x n 取得最小值，尽可能多让x i (i=1，2，3，…，m)取得最高点，且f(0)=1，f(2)=﹣3，∵0≤x 1＜x 2＜…＜x m ，|f(x 1)﹣f(x 2)|+|f(x 2)﹣f(x 3)|+…+|f(x n ﹣1)﹣f(x n )|=2016， ∴n 的最小值为201615054+=，相应的x n 最小值为1008，则n+x n 的最小值为1513. 答案：1513.二、选择题(本大题共4题，满分20分) 13.若a 与b c - 都是非零向量，则“a b a c ⋅=⋅ ”是“()a b c ⊥-”的()A.充分但非必要条件B.必要但非充分条件C.充要条件D.既非充分也非必要条件解析：“a b a c ⋅=⋅ ”⇔“0a b a c ⋅-⋅= ”⇔“()0a b c ⋅-= ”⇔“()a b c ⊥-”，故“a b a c ⋅=⋅ ”是“()a b c ⊥-”的充要条件.答案：C14.行列式147258369中，元素7的代数余子式的值为() A.﹣15 B.﹣3 C.3 D.12解析：∵行列式147258369， ∴元素7的代数余子式为： D 13=(﹣1)42536=2×6﹣5×3=﹣3.答案：B.15.一个公司有8名员工，其中6名员工的月工资分别为5200，5300，5500，6100，6500，6600，另两名员工数据不清楚，那么8位员工月工资的中位数不可能是() A.5800 B.6000 C.6200 D.6400解析：∵一个公司有8名员工，其中6名员工的月工资分别为5200，5300，5500，6100，6500，6600，∴当另外两名员工的工资都小于5300时，中位数为5300550054002+=，当另外两名员工的工资都大于6500时，中位数为6100650063002+=， ∴8位员工月工资的中位数的取值区间为[5400，6300]， ∴8位员工月工资的中位数不可能是6400. 答案：D. 16.若直线1x ya b+=通过点P(cos θ，sin θ)，则下列不等式正确的是() A.a 2+b 2≤1 B.a 2+b 2≥1C.22111a b +≤ D.22111a b+≥ 解析：直线1x ya b+=通过点P(cos θ，sin θ)，∴bcos θ+asin θ=ab ，)ab θφ+=，其中tan b aφ=，ab ≥， ∴a +b ≥a b ，∴22111a b+≥， 答案：D三、解答题(满分76分)共5题17.某柱体实心铜制零件的截面边长是长度为55毫米线段AB 和88毫米的线段AC 以及圆心为P ，半径为PB 的一段圆弧BC 构成，其中∠BAC=60°. (1)求半径PB 的长度；(2)现知该零件的厚度为3毫米，试求该零件的重量(每1个立方厘米铜重8.9克，按四舍五入精确到0.1克).V 柱=S 底·h.解析：(1)在△ABP 中，由余弦定理建立方程，即可求半径PB 的长度； (2)求出V 柱=S 底·h ，即可求该零件的重量.答案：(1)∵AB=55，AC=88，BP=R ，∠BAC=60°.AP=88﹣R ，∴在△ABP 中，由余弦定理可得：BP 2=AB 2+AP 2﹣2AB ·AP ·cos ∠BAC ，可得：R 2=552+(88﹣R)2﹣2×55×(88﹣R)×cos60°， ∴解得：R=49mm.(2)在△ABP 中，AP=88﹣49=39mm ，AB=55，BP=49，222394955897cos 0.2347239493822BPA +-∠==≈⨯⨯，∴sin ∠BPA ≈0.972.∴∠BPA=arcsin0.972.V 柱=S 底·h=(S △ABP +S 扇形BPC ) ·h=21(arcsin 0.972)49(5539)322360π⋅⨯⨯⨯+⋅该零件的重量=213(arcsin 0.972)49(5539)32360π⋅⨯⨯⨯+⋅÷1000×8.9≈82.7.18.如图所示，l 1，l 2是互相垂直的异面直线，MN 是它们的公垂线段，点A ，B 在直线l 1上，且位于M 点的两侧，C 在l 2上，AM=BM=NM=CN (1)求证：异面直线AC 与BN 垂直；(2)若四面体ABCN 的体积V ABCN =9，求异面直线l 1，l 2之间的距离.解析：(1)欲证AC ⊥NB ，可先证BN ⊥面ACN ，根据线面垂直的判定定理只需证AN ⊥BN ，CN ⊥BN 即可；(2)判断异面直线的距离，利用体积公式求解即可.答案：(1)证明：由已知l 2⊥MN ，l 2⊥l 1，MN ∩l 1=M ，可得l 2⊥平面ABN.由已知MN ⊥l 1，AM=MB=MN ， 可知AN=NB 且AN ⊥NB.又AN 为AC 在平面ABN 内的射影. ∴AC ⊥NB(2)∵AM=BM=NM=CN ，MN 是它们的公垂线段， 就是异面直线l 1，l 2之间的距离，由中垂线的性质可得AN=BN ，四面体ABCN 的体积V ABCN =9， 可得：31119323ABCN V AB MN CN MN ==⨯⨯⨯=， ∴MN=3.异面直线l 1，l 2之间的距离为3.19.如图所示，椭圆C ：2241x y +=，左右焦点分别记作F 1，F 2，过F 1，F 2分别作直线l 1，l 2交椭圆AB ，CD ，且l 1∥l 2.(1)当直线l 1的斜率k 1与直线BC 的斜率k 2都存在时，求证：k 1·k 2为定值； (2)求四边形ABCD 面积的最大值.解析：(1)由椭圆方程求出焦点坐标，得到直线AB 、CD 的方程，与椭圆方程联立求得A 、D 的坐标，求出AD 所在直线斜率得答案；(2)由(1)结合弦长公式求得|AB|，再由两平行线间的距离公式求出边AB 、CD 的距离，代入平行四边形面积公式，利用换元法求得最值.答案：(1)证明：由椭圆C ：2241x y +=，得a 2=4，b 2=1，∴c =设k 1=k ，则AB 所在直线方程为，CD 所在直线方程为y=kx，联立2241y kx y x ⎧=+⎪⎨+=⎪⎩，得(1+4k 2)x 22x+12k 2﹣4=0.解得2214x k -±=+不妨取221＝B x --，则2214＝B y k -+ 同理求得2214C x k -=+2214＝C y k-+.则214k k ==-，则12·()44k k k k =⋅-=-；(2)解：由(1)知，＝A B x x +，2212414＝A B k x x k -+()224114k AB k +===+. AB 、CD的距离d =，(224114四边形＝ABCD k S k +=+令1+4k 2=t(t ≥1)，则2311118316816＝S t t ⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝+⎭-+，∴当t=3时，S max =4.20.数列{a n }，定义{△a n }为数列{a n }的一阶差分数列，其中△a n =a n+1﹣a n (n ∈N *)(1)若a n =n 2﹣n ，试判断{△a n }是否是等差数列，并说明理由；(2)若a 1=1，△a n ﹣a n =2n，求数列{a n }的通项公式；(3)对(b)中的数列{a n }，是否存在等差数列{b n }，使得1212nn n n n n bC b C b C a ++⋯+=，对一切n ∈N *都成立，若存在，求出数列{b n }的通项公式，若不存在，请说明理由.解析：(1)根据数列{a n }的通项公式a n =n 2﹣n ，结合新定义，可判定{△a n }是首项为4，公差为2的等差数列；(2)由△a n ﹣a n =2n入手能够求出数列{a n }的通项公式；(3)结合组合数的性质：1C n 1+2C n 2+3C n 3+…+nC n n =n(C n ﹣10+C n ﹣11+C n ﹣12+…+C n ﹣1n ﹣1)=n·2n ﹣1进行求解.答案：(1)若a n =n 2﹣n ，试判断{△a n }是等差数列，理由如下：∵a n =n 2﹣n ，∴△a n =a n+1﹣a n =(n+1)2﹣(n+1)﹣(n 2﹣n)=2n ， ∵△a n+1﹣△a n =2，且△a 1=4，∴{△a n }是首项为4，公差为2的等差数列；(2)∵△a n ﹣a n =2n.△a n =a n+1﹣a n ，∴a n+1﹣2a n =2n，∴111222n n n n a a ++-=， ∴数列2n na ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭构成以12为首项，12为公差的等差数列， 即1222﹣n n n n a n a n =⇒=⋅； (3)b 1C n 1+b 2C n 2+…+b n C n n=a n ，即b 1C n 1+b 2C n 2+…+b n C n n=n·2n ﹣1， ∵1C n 1+2C n 2+3C n 3+…+nC n n =n(C n ﹣10+C n ﹣11+C n ﹣12+…+C n ﹣1n ﹣1)=n ·2n ﹣1，∴存在等差数列{b n }，b n =n ，使得b 1C n 1+b 2C n 2+…+b n C n n=a n 对一切自然n ∈N 都成立.21.对于函数f(x)(x ∈D)，若存在正常数T ，使得对任意的x ∈D ，都有f(x+T)≥f(x)成立，我们称函数f(x)为“T 同比不减函数”.(1)求证：对任意正常数T ，f(x)=x 2都不是“T 同比不减函数”； (2)若函数f(x)=kx+sinx 是“2π同比不减函数”，求k 的取值范围； (3)是否存在正常数T ，使得函数f(x)=x+|x ﹣1|﹣|x+1|为“T 同比不减函数”；若存在，求T 的取值范围；若不存在，请说明理由.解析：(1)根据T 同比不减函数的定义即可证明，(2)根据T 同比不减函数的定义，分离参数得到)4﹣k x ππ≥，根据三角形函数的性质即可求出k 的范围，(3)画出函数f(x)的图象，根据图象的平移即可求出T 的范围.答案：(1)∵f(x)=x 2，∴f(x+T)﹣f(x)=(x+T)2﹣x 2=2xT+T 2=T(2x+T)， 由于2x+T 与0的小无法比较， ∴f(x+T)≥f(x)不一定成立，∴对任意正常数T ，f(x)=x 2都不是“T 同比不减函数，(2)∵函数f(x)=kx+sinx 是“2π同比不减函数， ∴sin sin 222（）（）（）（）f x f x k x x kx x πππ+-=+++--=cos sin 0224（）k k x x x πππ+-=-≥恒成立，∴4（）k x ππ≥-， ∵﹣1≤sin(x ﹣4π)≤1，∴k ≥(3)f(x)=x+|x ﹣1|﹣|x+1|图象如图所示，由图象可知，只要把图象向左至少平移4个单位，即对任意的x ∈D ，都有f(x+T)≥f(x)成立， ∴T ≥4.。

2017年上海杨浦区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷

2017年上海杨浦区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷

2017年上海杨浦区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷一、适当形式填空（每题1分，共10分）1、【来源】 2017年上海杨浦区高三一模第21~30题10分In two days, it will be Christmas, children all over world1（look）forward to this day for weeks. People celebrate Christmas with food, decorations, music and more. But for many people, gift-giving is the most exciting part of the holiday.I have fond memories of Christmas shopping with my family as a child. I enjoyed the challenge of keeping my parents' gifts a secret. It was hard to buy gifts right.2their noses without them seeing. Everyone placed3（wrap） gifts under the Christmas tree until Christmas morning,4we opened them.Picking a great gift require5（know） the person you're giving it to. You need to know the person's tastes and find something the person doesn't already have. This can be quite a big challenge. Often it's wise to provide a receipt6the person needs to exchange the gift.The best gifts are personal. Many Americans don't feel money constitutes a goodgift7it doesn't require any thought. They prefer something chosen just for the person. If the gift is a high-quality homemade gift, that's even better.Gift-giving reflects the reason8people celebrate Christmas. Christians in particular remember the birth of Jesus. When he was born, wise men traveled many miles to visithim,9（bring） expensive gifts. But the greatest gift wasn't from the wise man, but from God— the baby Jesus. God gave this gift because everyone needed it. We needed God to forgive our bad actions so that we10live forever with him. So on Christmas we give presents to imitate God's action of giving the perfect gift.二、选词填空（每题1分，共10分）2、【来源】 2017年上海杨浦区高三一模第31~40题10分Donald Trump1his place as the United States 45th president after crossing the 270 electoral vote threshold（门槛） on November 9. The 70-year-old Republican will take over from Barack Obama, a two-term president to occupy with White House.The rise of Trump, a celebrity businessman with no previous experience inthe2or elected office, surprised nearly everyone in politics. Trump's victoryover Clinton will end eight years of Democratic3of the White House. He will govern with Congress fully under Republican control and lead a countrydeeply4by his campaign against Clinton. Given the numerous Republicans who never backed him, Trump will have to face divisions within his own party, too.As he claimed victory, Trump5Americans to "come together as one united people." "I pledge to every citizen of our land that I will be president for all Americans," he said in his victory speech. Striking a gentle tone, Trump continued that he would teach out to a few of those who had chosen not to support him for6and help so that "we can work together and unify our great country."As president, Trump's governing agenda remains unclear. The president elect has promised to bring changes to the United States. He said he would build a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border to stop immigrants from coming into thecountry7.8immigration from countries with ties to terrorist groups, and bargain with foreign governments such as those of Russia and China. Trump has also promised to prioritize the economic growth that creates jobsand9incomes for all Americans.Trump is a wild card, many voters said, but he definitely has a chance to be a successful president as long as he recognizes the responsibilities he10and follows through on his promises.A. dominanceB. liftsC. dividedD. assumesE. urgedF. militaryG. suspendH. guidanceI. violentlyJ. claimedK. illegally三、完形填空（每题1分，共15分）3、【来源】 2017年上海杨浦区高三一模第41~55题15分Security guard, truck driver, salesperson—year after year, these jobs appear on lists of the unhappiest careers. Although many factors can make a job1—unusual hours, low pay, no chance for advancement—these three jobs2for another reason: a lack of small talk.Psychologists have long said that connecting with others is central to our well-being, but just how much conversation we require is under3. In one study, researchers overheard undergraduates for four days and then4each conversations either "small talk" （ "What do you have there? Pop corn? Yummy!" ） or "serious" （ "Did they break up soon after?" ）. They found that the second type is connected with happiness—the happiest students had roughly twice as many "serious" talks as the unhappiest ones. Small talk,meanwhile,5only ten percent of their conversation, versus almost 30 percent of conversation among the unhappiest students.However, don't just consider small talk6yet. Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding. Chatting with strangers could7our morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists found that those who chatted with other train passengers reported a more pleasant journey than those who didn't.Small talk can also help us feel connected to our8. People who smiled at, made eye contact with and9spoke with their Starbucks baristas （咖啡师）reported a greater sense of10than those who rushed through the transaction （交易）.11, when volunteers broke the silence of the art gallery to chat with gallery-goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected to the exhibit than those who werenot12.Of course, some of us are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger. In one study, people who were rated "less curious" by researchers had trouble getting aconversation13on their own. People who were considered "curious" , meanwhile, needed no help14conversations about ordinary things like favorite holidays into friendly exchanges. A "curious mindset," the researchers concluded, can lead to "positive social15."Therefore, go ahead—small talk needn't be idle, and nosiness isn't all bad.A. rewardingB. depressingC. exhaustingD. challengingA. stand outB. turn upC. give offD. put forwardA. negotiationB. constructionC. investigationD. examinationA. dividedB. entitledC. imposedD. catalogedA. figured outB. made upC. look overD. added toA. worthlessB. essentialC. boringD. ridiculousA. occupyB. satisfyC. brightenD. spoilA. emotionsB. heartC. customersD. surroundingsA. purposefullyB. brieflyC. continuouslyD. generallyA. responsibilityB. securityC. belongingD. achievementA. ConsequentlyB. OppositelyC. UnexpectedlyD. SimilarlyA. approachedB. attachedC. addressedD. attendedA. breakingB. pausingC. rollingD. stoppingA. evolvingB. substitutingC. adaptingD. transformingA. interactionB. standardC. impactD. involvement四、阅读理解（每题2分，共22分）4、【来源】 2017年上海杨浦区高三一模第56~59题8分ADear Alcohol,You've been around forever, I can remember all the pain you've caused me.Do you remember the night you almost took my father's life? I do. He loves you. Sometimes I think he loves you more than he loves me. He's addicted to you, to the way you promise to rid him of his problems only to cause more of them. You just sat back and laughed as his car went spinning through the street, crashing into two other cars. He wasn't the only one hurt by you that night.Do you remember the night of my first high school party? You were there. My friendsTAL#NBSP were intrigued by you. They treated you as if they were never going to see you again, drinking all of you that they could. I spent two hours that night helping my friends who had fallen completely. "I'm so embarrassed," they said as I held their hair back so that they could vomit. "I'm sorry," they said when I called taxies for them, walking them out and paying the driver in advance. "This won'thappen again," they said as they were sent to the hospital to have their stomachs pumped. Two 15-year-old girls slept in hospital beds that night thanks to you.Do you remember the night when you took advantage of my 17-year-old neighbor who had to drive to pick up his sister from her dance lessons? Do you know how we all felt when he hit another car and killed the two people in the other car? He died the next morning too. His sister walked home from her dance lesson, and passed police cars and a crowd of people gathering on the sidewalk just two blocks away from the dance studio. She didn't realize her brother was in the midst of it all. She never saw him again. And it's all your fault.I wish you'd walk out of my life forever. I don't want anything to do with you. Look at all the pain you've caused. Sure, you've made people happy too from time to time. But the damage you've caused in the lives of millions is inexcusable. Stop luring（引诱）in the people I love. Stop hurting me, please. Sincerely,Anonymous(1) What did alcohol do to the author's father?A. It took his life away one night.B. It helped to get rid of his problems.C. It pushed him to hurt others when driving.D. It got him seriously injured in a car accident.(2) The underlined words "were intrigued by" in paragraph 3 are closest in meaningto.A. were familiar withB. were curious aboutC. were disappointed atD. were fed up with(3) Which of the statements is TRUE about the author's neighbor or his sister?A. He drove to pickup his drunken sister.B. His sister was to blame for the car accident.C. He crashed into a car from the other direction.D. His sister was too scared to look at the scene of the accident.(4) What is the tone of the article?A. HumorousB. DoubtfulC. indifferentD. Critical5、【来源】 2017年上海杨浦区高三一模第60~62题6分B(1) The total capacity for the public forum on nee and joint pain is people.A. 5B. 20C. 50D. 100(2) Mr Li, a marathon runner, has an irreparable slip disc（椎间盘突出）.Which hospital should he go to if he does not want to undergo any operation?A. Mt Elizabeth HospitalB. Gleneagles HospitalC. Changi General HospitalD. Singapore General Hospital(3) Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Any Singaporean can attend Dr Tan's talk free-of-charge.B. Participants of public forum can get a book $20 cheaper.C. People "like" the Mind Your Body Facebook page can win a prize.D. People can book the Bone Density Scan on Feb 4th at a special price.6、【来源】 2017年上海杨浦区高三一模第63~66题8分CChina's domestically developed, long-acting experimental AIDS drug is undergoing a final review by the China Food and Drug Administration, the last stage in the approval process.Different from traditional oral drugs that require daily use, but it's a heavy burden for patients to take medicine every day for years. As a result, long-acting drugs are the future direction in developing innovative AIDS medicine. For Chinese patients, the number of oral drugs available in the domestic market is very limited, so there is an urgent need for drugs to solve the problem of drug resistance.Zhao Yan, a treatment specialist at the National Center for AIDS said seven or eight oral drugs for AIDS are currently provided to patients for free. "The injection solution could give an alternative to patients … if it could be included in the country's health insurance system," she said."Now very few patients are using drugs from the health insurance system, both because no differentiated drugs are provided and because the procedure is more complex and could harm their privacy," she said. "New drugs will be broadly used only if the system can embrace more varieties of drugs."Albuvirtide went into the research and development stage in 2002 and entered phase three of clinical trials — a step to assure safety and effectiveness before market approval — in 2014. Phase three is the last round of clinical trials for new drug tests in China. If the drug can pass the reviews of the country's drug watchdog, usually at least two rounds, it can then enter the market. The time needed for the review ranges from months to years.Clinical trials showed that the new drug performs even better than the oral drugs being used. Most of the oral drugs for AIDS being used in China are generic drugs developed in the 1970s and '80s that are not so efficient. In terms of safety and effectiveness, evidence so far showed that Albuvirtide is better than most second-line drugs — drugs used when first-line standard drugs fail—in developed countries because of lower toxicity（毒性）and fewer side effects.Worldwide, a number of long-acting AIDS drug are in development. None has been approved for sale. Only Albuvirtide and a few in the United States have entered phase three of clinical trials.(1) Albuvirtide is.A. a China-developed long-acting oral AIDS drugB. undergoing a clinical test on dogs to assure its safetyC. more efficient than other AIDS drugs and has fewer side effectsD. the only AIDS drug that has entered the last round of clinical trials(2) Albuvirtide is good news for AIDS patients in China because.A. it's a new drug and they are not resistant to itB. it is one of the most effective first-line drugsC. it has been included in the health insurance systemD. they can keep their privacy by being injected once a week(3) Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. The research and development of Albuvirtide began in 2002.B. There are usually three phases in the clinical trial for a new drug.C. Albuvirtide is now in the stage of carrying out clinical trials.D. The time needed for review varies from drug to drug.(4) We can infer from the passage that.A. Albuvirtide can spare patients from taking oral drugs every dayB. the health insurance system has room for further improvementC. most AIDS drugs being used now were developed in last centuryD. China is leading the whole world in the field of AIDS research五、多选多（每题2分，共8分）7、【来源】 2017年上海杨浦区高三一模第67~70题8分Where do you think the world's happiest people live? Somewhere hot with sandy beaches? A country with a tradition of the fine food and culture? Not according to a recent study by the university of Leicester. Who are the happiest people on Earth?1Surprised? Well you'll be more surprised when you hear that the Danes pay some of the highest taxes in the world. So what is the secret of their success?Let's start with all that tax they pay. The Danish government provides its people with one of the finest education and health systems in the world. It spends more on children and elderly people per capital than other country.And there's another advantage to those high taxes. Because a shop assistant's final salary is not that much less than someone who works in a bank, for example, Danes don't choose their careers based on money or status as people in other countries do. They choose the job they want to do. There's a philosophy in Denmark known as "Jante-lov" , which translates as "you're no better than anybodyelse."2But workers in order countries are not used to looking at life in this way.Money doesn't seem as important in Denmark. It has been called a "post consumerist"society.3What is more important is the sense of society and it's no surprisethat Danes are very used to socializing. 92% of Danes belong to some kind of social club and these clubs are even paid for by the government.4They also show an amazing amount of trust in each other and their government. You can see sighs of this all over the country. You'll find vegetable stalls with no assistant. You take what you want and leave the money in a basket. perhaps the bike is a good symbol for Denmark. The Danes can afford cars but they choose bikes—simple, economical, non-polluting machines that show no status and help keep people fit.A. In a list ranking countries by the happiness of their citizens, it pm tropicalFiji 50 places below freezing Iceland.B. The street sweeper can hold his head up high as he proudly does his job.C. Danish people aren't as suspicious as many other nations.D. Most Danes are used to seeing between 50-70% of their salary going to the government!E. Those 5.5 million people who call Denmark their home.F. People have nice things in their houses, but they're not mad about shopping and spending.六、总结（15分）8、【来源】 2017年上海杨浦区高三一模第71题10分用不超过60个字总结这篇文章。

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杨浦区2016学年一模试卷（满分：100分考试时间：60分钟）考生注意：1.试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括两部分，第一部分为选择题；第二部分为综合分析题，所有试题均为简答题。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写考号、姓名、学校，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确答案）1．2016年10月19日凌晨，神舟十一载人飞船与天宫二号自动对接成功！两名航天员入住天宫二号后，在组合体内生活了30天，开展大量科学实验工作。

下列关于天宫二号内部环境特征的描述，正确的是（）A．强辐射 B.超低温C．高真空 D.微重力2.2016年3月9日人们在印度洋上观察到日食现象。

该日，地、月位置关系是（）3．中国地震台网测定,北京时间2016年10月30日14时40分在意大利(42.90°N,13.10°E)发生6.6级地震。

地震发生时，当地时间是（）A．30日7时40分B．30日21时40分C．31日21时40分D．29日7时40分4.右图为某日太阳光照图，据图判断，该日太阳直射的经纬度位置（）A．23.5°N90°E B.23.5°N90°WC.23.5°S90°WD.23.5°S90°E5．意大利多火山地震，根据右图，判断该国位于（）A．亚欧板块与印度洋板块的碰撞处 B．亚欧板块与非洲板块的碰撞处C．亚欧板块与印度洋板块的张裂处 D．亚欧板块与非洲板块的张裂处6．读某河岸线示意图，沿L1—L2所作河流剖面最有可能与右图剖面相一致的是（）A．①B．②C．③D．④7.冰岛位于美洲板块与亚洲板块的张裂边界,右图为岛上一处岩石景观，该岩石的矿物晶体颗粒细小，多气孔，判断该岩石的成因是（）A．原有岩石受地壳运动变质形成B．由成层堆积的疏松沉积物固结形成C．喷出地表的岩浆在流动中冷凝形成D．岩浆在地下深处冷凝结晶形成8．2016年第14号超强台风“莫兰蒂”给我国南方沿海造成暴雨天气。

下图中能反映台风“莫兰蒂”气流运动特征的是（）A．①B．②C．③D．④9．形成北大西洋暖流的主要动力是（）A．陆地轮廓和岛屿的影响B．盛行西风的影响C.大西洋两岸海水温度、密度的变化D．地球自转偏向力的影响10．随着经济的发展，我国城市用地与城市人口不断增长，这种变化导致的结果可能是（）A．农村开始进入工业化B．全国城市化率提高C．城市老龄化程度加快D．逆城市化现象加重11.有关环境人口容量的叙述，正确的是（）①资源越丰富，能供养的人口数越多，环境人口容量越大②科技越发达，人们利用的资源越多，环境人口容量越小③人均消费水平越高，人们消耗的资源越多，环境人口容量越小④一个地区开发度越大，消耗的资源越多，环境人口容量越小A．①②B．②③ C．①③ D．②④12.右图是某城市某方向上地租水平与距城市中心距离关系示意图，图中甲地距离城市中心较远，而地租水平较高，其原因最可能是该地（）A．地形崎岖B．交通便利C．传统工业集聚 D．有现代农业园区13.小麦是世界主要粮食作物之一，主要产于旱作农业、地中海型农业和高度发达的商品化混合农业等农业地域类型区。

下列地区不是小麦主要产区的是（）A.黄河三角洲B.尼罗河三角洲C.湄公河三角洲D.墨累—达令盆地14．西班牙、意大利、希腊、葡萄牙、法国，这五大橄榄油生产国在国际橄榄油市场所占的生产份额高达75%，其发展橄榄油生产的优势有（）A．地处地中海气候区，适宜种植油橄榄B．平原面积广，机械化程度高C．劳动力丰富，农业生产规模大D．精耕细作，劳动集约化程度高15．某跨国公司在我国生产的“金龙鱼”大豆油，主要以国际市场上的大豆为原料生产。

该品牌大豆油生产厂应靠近（）A.商贸中心B.大豆产地C.火车站D.港口16．对商业布局有深刻影响的是（）A．人们生活方式B．工业分布状况C.道路的通达性D．环境质量状况17.今年3月23日澜沧江－湄公河合作（澜湄合作）首次领导人会议在海南三亚举行，澜湄次区域经济合作已成为亚太地区经济、贸易及投资的新热点，澜湄合作对我国贸易的影响是（）A.增加我国初级产品的出口量B.增加我国劳务输出C.抑制发展中国家的商品出口D.实现区域间优势互补18．近年来，珠江三角洲的玩具制造厂向江西转移的主要原因是（）A．原材料更丰富B．土地租金更低 C．市场更广阔D．更临近技术中心19．我国北斗卫星导航系统除能够提供精准的定位和导航外，还能够提供的服务有（）①报告精确时间②测速③农作物长势监测④气温异常监测A.①②B.③④C.①④D.②③20．新疆作为沟通亚欧大陆东西方文化、经济交流的桥梁，形成了独特的西域文化景观。

下列景观属于该文化区的是（）A.白墙黑檐的楼房B.四合院式方整院落C．金碧辉煌的喇嘛寺庙D．建筑雄伟、色彩绚丽的清真寺二、综合分析题（共60分）（一）绿山红遍，层林尽染，每年秋季正是日本的赏枫旺季。

日本气象协会近日公布最新2016年红叶最前线预测。

读有关图文资料，回答问题。

（20分）材料一：在日本，红叶的观赏期与9月份至11月份的气温关系密切，通常最低气温低于8摄氏度，叶子就开始上色，最低气温一旦低于5摄氏度，叶子就能迅速变红。

日本气象协会预测，今年红叶前线在10月20日左右从北海道开始向南推进，到12月20日左右到达九州岛南部。

材料二：日本的富士山也是观赏红叶的好去处，山上除枫树外还有多种植物，海拔500m以下为亚热带常绿阔叶林，500～2000m为温带落叶阔叶林，2000～2600m为寒温带针叶林，2600m以上为高山矮曲林带。

山顶终年积雪。

21.每年秋冬季节，影响日本红叶前线自北向南推进的主要因素是什么？这种变化反映了那种地域分异规律？（4分）22.N地与M地几乎位于同纬度，但N地比M地先观赏到红叶，简释导致N地比M地早观赏到红叶的原因。

（4分）23.富士山从山麓到山顶的景观变化体现了哪种地域分异规律？简释产生这种变化的原因。

(4分)24.根据富士山山麓自然带，判断富士山山麓的气候类型，结合其岛国的地理位置，阐述该地气候特征并分析成因。

（8分）（二）攀枝花市因资源而立，但由于产业结构单一和过度开采资源，产生资源枯竭、环境污染等问题，培育原有产业的接续和替代产业，成为该市产业转型的中心任务。

阅读材料，回答问题。

（20分）材料一：四川省攀枝花市位于横断山区，地处金沙江与雅砻江交汇处，山区约占全市面积的88.38%。

攀枝花铁矿是中国四大铁矿之一，伴生钛居世界第一；伴生钒居中国第一、世界第三。

攀枝花市集溶洞、瀑布、温泉、高山草甸、世界第三高坝为一体，同时拥有世界上面积最大的原始苏铁林。

材料二：自然资源是区域经济发展的物质基础。

攀枝花市许多农产品能错季上市，如晚熟芒果、冬春枇杷等；旅游、运动、养老等第三产业逐步扩大，2015年三大产业结构由上年的3.4:73.8:22.8调整为3.4:71.4:25.2。

25.从两个方面，概述攀枝花市经济发展的自然资源条件(4分)26.错季上市的水果和蔬菜成为该市农业特色，简述形成这一农业特色的气候资源优势。

(6分)27.该市第二产业比重大，攀枝花钢铁厂是该市重要工业部门，但与此同时，工业化进程中的攀钢也带来了巨大的污染，简述攀钢能源转型的自然资源条件。

（4分）28.简述该市发展旅游、运动、养老等第三产业的区位优势。

(6分)（三）海河是我国华北地区的重要河流，海河流域是我国七大流域中水资源最缺乏的流域，水环境的整治是该流域整治的重要内容。

读图文资料，回答问题（20分）材料：海河发源于内蒙古高原、黄土高原、燕山、太行山，流域地跨北京、天津、河北、山西、河南、山东、内蒙古、辽宁8个省（自治区、直辖市）有26个地级以上大中城市和31个县级市，人口密集，城市众多。

29.判断海河流域的地势特征，判断海河的主要补给类型。

（2分）30.从径流量的季节变化、含沙量、汛期、结冰期等方面，分析海河的主要水文特征。

（6分）31.从气候的角度，分析海河春季径流量小，海河流域易发生春旱的原因。

（4分）32.近年，海河流域水环境的整治已成为该地区的重要任务。

根据资料，分析海河流域水环境存在的问题，并提出整治的措施。

（8分）杨浦区2016学年度第一学期高中等级考质量调研高二年级地理学科试卷.参考答案二、综合分析题（共60分）（言之合理，均可得分）（一）（20分）21．纬度或气温（热量）（2分）；纬度地带性规律（2分）22.N地位于冬季风的迎风坡，冬季降温先于M地（2分）；M地沿岸还有暖流流经，冬季气温较高，降温也较迟（2分）。

23.地域分异规律：垂直地带性（2分）原因：随着海拔高度的上升，热量和水分都发生变化，植被也随之变化。

（2分）24.气候类型：亚热带季风气候（2分）气候特征：夏季凉爽多雨（1分），冬季温和少雨（1分），气温年较差小（1分）成因：海陆热力差异形成季风气候（2分），岛国四面环海，受海洋影响，气温年较差小。

（1分）（二）（20分）25.铁、煤、钒、钛矿产资源储量大；水能、太阳能等能源资源丰富；水资源较充沛；森林资源丰富。

（任答二个方面，每个方面2分）26.该地光照资源丰富（2分）；冬春季节温度较高，气温年较差小（2分）；属于湿润区，降水集中在夏季（2分）。

27.攀钢能源原以煤炭为主，造成环境污染，随着二滩水电站的建设，水电替换部分火电（2分）；该地太阳能资源丰富，大力发展太阳能发电，用清洁、可再生能源替换高污染的火电（2分），实现能源的转型。

28．该市有溶洞、瀑布、温泉、高山草甸、原始森林等旅游资源，有利于休闲旅游业的发展（2分）；该市冬季气候温和，晴天多、光照充足，气温年较差小，有利于老年人的养老生活（2分）；该地交通便利，有利于商品物质和旅客的集散（2分）。

（三）（20分）29．地势特征：由西部、北部和西南部三面向渤海湾倾斜（西北高，东南低；西高东低）（1分）主要补给类型：雨水补给（1分）30.水文特征：径流量季节变化大，汛期出现在夏秋季节，含沙量大，有结冰期。

（任答三点，每点2分，共6分）31.我国东部属于季风气候，一般春季雨带停留在华南地区，海河流域降水少（2分），春季气温上升，蒸发大（2分），易形成旱灾。

32.问题：径流量季节变化大，水旱灾害严重；随着城市化进程，林地和水域面积减少；人口、城市众多，工农业、生活用水量大，水环境污染严重，水资源短缺。

（任答二点，每点1分，共2分）措施：上游建设水库，调蓄洪水；调整土地利用，控制建设用地，增加水域面积；建设跨流域调水工程；节约用水；提高水资源的利用率；利用科技发展节水农业，调整产业结构，发展低耗水产业。

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