高考英语阅读理解之推理判断题

解密阅读理解之推理判断题

考点详解

推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。常见的题干有：

1. It can be inferred from the text that…

2. We can conclude that…

3. When the writer talks about..., what he really means is that…

4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

从历年的高考阅读理解题分析来看，推理判断题所占的比例大概在7％-10％，一般可以归纳为五大题型：细节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、预测想象推理题和写作意图推测题。下面就这五大类型的题目进行剖析：

题型一细节推断题：

常见的设问方式：

It can be inferred from the passage/text that_________.

The author mainly suggests that ________.

It can be concluded from the passage that_______.

The writer implies but not directly states _______.

What does the author imply about newspapers?

细节判断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。

干扰项特点：

1. 文章中直接用于表达细节的信息

2. 文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论

3. 与文章内容完全相反的结论

4. 不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。

解题技巧

1. 要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。

2. 要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。

3. 注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。

（2019·浙江卷，A）

Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds old military(军队的)medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet.But unlike mo st collectors, Zac tracks down the medals’ rightful owners, and returns them.

His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A. G. Piccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart-he earned one himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.

Through the Internet, Zac tracked down Corrado’s sister Adeline Rockko. But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions: "Who are you？What antique shop？" However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. So she called Zac back and apologized. Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown, N.Y. "At that point, I knew she meant business, " Zac says. "To drive eight hours to come to see me."

The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown. Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWII, was killed in action in Europe.

Before hearing from Zac, Adeli ne hadn’t realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one Zac’s mother had found was a family treasure." This medal was very precious to my parents. Only on special occasions(场合)would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands," Adeline says.

As a child, Adeline couldn't understand why the medal was so significant. “But as I grew older,” Adeline says, "and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left." Corrado