14级计算机导论期末复习题(填)

14级《计算机概论》期末复习题Test Question for Chapter1一．判断题（True/False）puter software is the collection of programs that provide the instructions that a computer carries out.T2.An abstraction is a mental model that removes or hides complex details.T3.A vacuum tube was a device used in the first generation of computers to link computers together into a network.F4.Magnetic disks were introduced in the second generation of computer hardware.T5.The personal computer was introduced in the fourth generation of computer hardware.T6.A computer that has a parallel architecture uses multiple central processing units.T7.High-level languages were introduced during the fourth generation of computer software.F8.A systems programmer writes programs that make it easier for others to programing.T9.A linker puts a program's instructions into memory where they can be executed.F10.Spreadsheets and word processors are known as software applications.T11.Object-oriented design is currently the dominant approach for large programming projects.T 二．选择题（单项）1.Which of the following terms best describes circuit boards,keyboards,and disk drives?a)computing systemb)computer hardwarec)computer softwared)stored memorye)native system tools2.Which of the following terms best describes the concept of abstraction?a)exposing difficultyb)hiding quantityc)exposing distanced)hiding detailse)exposing representation3.Which of the following phrases best describes a Turing machine?a)a device for integrating many chips on one circuit boardb)an abstract mathematical model of computingc)the first electronic digital computerd)the first successful memory storage devicee)the first computer capable of network communication4.In which hardware generation were integrated circuits introduced?a)firstb)secondc)thirdd)fourth5.Who was the first programmer?a)Leibnizb)Pascalc)Babbaged)Lovelacee)Hollerith6.In which software generation were the FORTRAN and COBOL languages developed?a)firstb)secondc)thirdd)fourthe)fifth7.Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of an Ethernet?a)connecting mainframe computers over the Internetb)connecting small computers to share resourcesc)connecting peripheral devices to a personal computerd)connecting secondary memory to a personal computere)connecting input devices to a mainframe computer8.What is the purpose of a compiler?a)translate machine language into assembly languageb)translate high-level language into machine languagec)translate FORTRAN into COBOLd)translate machine language into FORTRANe)translate application programs into system programs9.In which decade were the first generation of computers developed?a)1930sb)1940sc)1950sd)1960se)1970s三．填空题(需用英文作答)1.A(n)abstraction is a mental model that removes complex details2.The most prestigious award given in computer science is called the Turing Award.3.First generation computers were built using vacuum tubes to store information.4.The set of instructions that each type of computer is designed to understand is called machine language.5.A computer with a parallel architecture uses multiple central processing units to solve a problem.6.FORTRAN and COBOL are two of the earliest high-level programming languages.7.The computer's operating system and language translators are generally known as systems software.8.A(n)embedded system uses integrated computing technology to run or regulate devices such as toasters,cars,and satellites.9.In the earliest electronic computers,programmers had to write machine language code expressed as binary digits.Test Question for Chapter2一.判断题（True/False）1.A natural number is the number0or any number obtained by adding1to a natural number.T2.A rational number is any number that can be expressed without a fractional part.F3.The base of a number system determines the number of digits used in the system.T4.The digits used in base8are1through8.F5.The base of the hexadecimal number system is15.F6.Representing a number in base5sometimes requires more digits than representing that same number in base10.T7.The letter C is used to represent the number11in hexadecimal.F8.A byte is made up of eight binary digits.T9.Binary numbers are important in computing because numbers in every base can be converted into them.F10.The number of bits in a word is the same on all machines.F11.Starting from the right,every group of four binary digits can be read as one hexadecimal digit. T二．选择题（单项）1.Which of the following describes the number0and any number that can be obtained by repeatedly adding one to it?a)numberb)natural numberc)integerd)negative numbere)rational number2.Which of the following is a value less than zero,with a sign opposite to its positive counterpart?a)numberb)natural numberc)integerd)negative numbere)rational number3.How many digits are there in the binary number system?a)1b)2c)7d)8e)94.What is the largest digit in the octal number system?a)1b)2c)7d)8e)95.What is the decimal value of the largest digit in the hexadecimal number system?a)0b)9c)10d)15e)166.Which of the following can be used to express the value of every number in any number system?a)baseb)quotientc)polynomiald)rational numbere)radix7.In base16,the digit E corresponds to what decimal value?a)1b)10c)12d)14e)158.What is the lowest base in which the number987could be a valid number?a)binaryb)base3c)octald)decimale)hexadecimal9.What is a single binary digit called?a)byteb)nibblec)bitd)worde)block三．填空题(需用英文作答)1.A number is a unit of an abstract mathematical system subject to the laws of arithmetic.2.An integer is a natural number,a negative of a natural number,or zero.3.The base of a number system determines how many digits are used in the system and the value of digit positions.4.The highest digit in base16is F.5.The value of a number in any base can be expressed as a polynomial in which each term is made up of a digit multiplied by the base raised to a power.6.The base value of the octal number system is2.7.In bases higher than10,the letter A is used to represent the decimal value10using only one symbol.8.Bytes can be grouped together into a word,the size of which is machine-dependent.9.A group of eight bits is called a byte.Test Question for Chapter5一．判断题（True/False）1.In a von Neumann architecture,the devices that store information and the devices that process information are the same.F2.The control unit and the arithmetic/logic unit are both part of the central processing unit(CPU). T3.The fetch part of the fetch-execute cycle fetches the next instruction to be executed from memory. T4.The data on a CD-RW can be rewritten multiple times.T5.A touch screen is both an input and output device.T6.Pipelining is a technique that uses several different processors,where each contributes one part to an overall computation.T7.The bus is a group of wires through which data travels within a computer.T8.The RAM is non-volatile and the ROM is volatile.F9.The prefix kilo means1000when referring to speed and1024when referring to storage.T10.A register is a small storage area in the CPU.T二．选择题（单项）1.Which of the following is a popular central processing unit?a)Hertzb)Pentium4c)random accessd)cycles per seconde)modem2.The prefix mega(M)refers to which power of two?a)210b)220c)230d)240e)2503.Which of the following is volatile?a)control unitb)arithmetic/logic unitc)auxiliary storage deviced)RAMe)ROM4.The instruction register is used to store which of the following?a)an instructionb)the memory location of an instructionc)the number of program instructions executedd)the number of programs executede)the data used by an instruction5.Which of the following is referred to as the computer's bus?a)the device used to transfer data from auxiliary storageb)the storage location for the currently executing programc)the set of wires through which data travels among the core devicesd)the storage location for the current instructione)the number of bytes transferred from RAM to ROM6.Which touch screen technology uses a laminate that conducts electricity and causes current to flow to a finger or stylus when touched?a)resistive touch screenb)capacitive touch screenc)infrared touch screend)addressable touch screene)surface acoustic wave touch screen7.A von Neumann computer architecture is best characterized by which of the following?a)program input deviceb)read only memoryc)random access memoryd)stored-program concepte)the use of disk drives8.Which of the following is the time it takes for the read/write head of a disk drive to get into position over a specified track?a)seek timeb)latencyc)transfer rated)spindle timee)access time9.Which parallel-processing approach applies the same program to multiple data sets using multiple processors?a)synchronous processingb)tandem processingc)pipelining processingd)transfer processinge)decode processing三．填空题(需用英文作答)1.The von neumann architecture is characterized by storing a program in the same way and space as regular data.2.The arithmetic/logic unit performs basic operations in the central processing unit such as adding and subtracting,as well as logical operations such as AND and OR.3.The primary circuit board on which the core components of a computer reside is called the motherboard.4.A CD-ROM stores approximately600MB of data,which is read optically using a laser.5.Synchronous processing is a computing technique in which multiple processors apply the same program to multiple data sets at the same time.6.ROM stands for read-only memory,which retains its contents even after the power is turned off.7.The program counter is a register that holds the address of the next instruction to be executed.8.The information on a disk drive is organized into concentric circles called track,which are divided into sectors.9.A resistive touch screen is made up of two layers that come into contact when the user presses on the screen.Test Question for Chapter6一．判断题（True/False）1.The approach to problem solving developed by George Polya is valuable,but does not apply to computer-based solutions.F2.A selection construct allows a decision to be made in an algorithm that determines which action is performed next.T3.Top-down design is a problem solving technique in which the problem is broken down into smaller pieces until each piece is basic enough to solve directly.T4.Algorithms cannot be tested until they are realized in a computer-based programming language. F5.The syntax of a programming language gives meaning to the instructions in that language.F6.Pseudocode uses a mixture of English and indentation to express the processing steps of an algorithm.T7.A variable is a name for a memory place in which a value can be stored.T8.An object is composed of data and the operations that manage that data.F二．选择题（单项）1.What is the first step in the How to Solve It list?a)establish the playersb)understand the problemc)refine the problemd)gather resourcese)set a timeline2.Which of the following is a set of unambiguous instructions for solving a problem?a)algorithmb)pseudocodec)program constructd)problem specificatione)problem analysis3.Which of the following best describes top-down design?a)gathering small solutions to related subproblems into a complete solutionb)refining a particular solution into one that is more abstractc)decomposing a general solution into more concrete solutions to subproblemsd)coverting modules into subproblemse)converting classes into objects4.Which of the following describes a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors?a)attributeb)classc)fieldd)methode)scenario5.Which of the following constructs allows an action(or set of actions)to be executed multiple times?a)assignmentb)input/outputc)repetitiond)selection(if-then)e)selection(if-then-else)6.Which of the following describes the formal rules that govern the construction of valid instructions in a programming language?a)semanticsb)syntaxc)program statementd)programe)construct7.Which of the following terms applies to a testing strategy that involves a team-based,manual simulation of a design?a)desk checkingb)debuggingc)walk-throughd)inspectione)encapsulation8.Which of the following describes a sequence of instructions written to perform a specified task?a)semanticsb)syntaxc)programd)program statemente)construct三．填空题(需用英文作答)1.An algorithm is a set of instructions for solving a problem in a finite amount of time using a finite amount of data.2.A variable is a name used to refer to memory places where a value is stored.3.During top-down design,a(n)abstract step is one that needs to be expanded further.4.A method is a named algorithm that manipulates the data values in an object.5.A modules represents a subproblem to be solved during the process of top-down design.6.A walk-through is a manual simulation of a design,conducted by the team members.7.An if-then statement is an example of a selection construct.8.During the implementation phase,an algorithm is translated into a programming language.Test Question for Chapter12一．判断题（True/False）1.A spreadsheet cell can contain a data value or a formula.T2.In a relational database,data and the relationships among them are organized into tables.F3.The Structured Query Language(SQL)is a language for managing relational databases.T4.The engine of a database management system(DBMS)consists of the software that allows user to access and modify the database contents.T5.An information system is software that helps us organize and analyze data.T6.Confidentiality is the aspect of information security concerned with ensuring that data is protected from unauthorized access.T7.Encryption is the process of turning plaintext into ciphertext.T二．选择题（单项）1.Which of the following is used to perform a calculation in a spreadsheet?a)what-ifb)rangec)formulad)celle)circular reference2.Which of the following database elements is composed of a set of related data items,such as a person's name,address,and id number?a)recordb)keyc)fieldd)querye)table3.Which of the following is used to retrieve data from a database?a)recordb)keyc)fieldd)querye)table4.Which of the following represents a single cell in a spreadsheet?a)G14..H27b)J24c)A3..A7d)=J24/J23e)15B5.Which of the following is a common database language?a)SQLb)keyc)fieldd)querye)schema6.Which of the following is the degree to which authorized users can access information for legitimate purposes?a)integrityb)cryptographyc)confidentialityd)availabilitye)cipher三．填空题(需用英文作答)1.A(n)software application allows the user to organize and analyze data using a grid of cells.2.A single value in a database record is called a(n)field(or attribute).3.Structured Query Language(SQL)is a comprehensive database language for managing relational databases.4.In SQL,a(n)select statement is used to retrieve specific information from a database.5.The field(s)that uniquely identifies a database record within a table is called a(n)key.6.Encryption is the process of converting ordinary text into a form that is unreadable.Test Question for Chapter15/16一．判断题（True/False）1.A computer network is a collection of connected computing devices that may communicate and share resources.T2.Data transfer rate is the speed with which data is moved from one place on the network to another. T3.A network's topology determines how many file servers need to be installed in the network.T4.Retrieving data from an Internet resource to your computer is called uploading.F5.A local-area network(LAN)connects a small number of nodes in a building or close geographical area.T6.The IP address of a computer is represented by four numeric values separated by periods(dots). T7.A top-level domain name helps users identify the host's type of organization or country of origin. T8.Messages sent over a shared communication line are divided into fixed-size,numbered pieces called packets.T9.A Web browser is a software tool that retrieves and displays Web pages.T10.Google and Yahoo!are examples of Web search engines.T二．选择题（单项）1.Which of the following is a generic term used for any device on a network?a)modemb)gatewayc)noded)routere)repeate2.Which of the following would correspond to an organization,such as a university or company?a)IP addressb)domain namec)top-level domaind)MIME typee)hostname3.Which of the following provides a way to uniquely identify a single computer among all others on the Internet?a)backboneb)firewallc)bandwidthd)packet switchinge)hostname4.Which of the following is a device for converting an analog signal to a digital signal and back again?a)modemb)gatewayc)noded)routere)repeater5.In which of the following LAN configurations is there a center node to which all others are connected?a)bus topologyb)ring topologyc)gateway topologyd)star topologye)metropolitan topology6.Which of the following is the term used to describe a machine and software that protects a network from inappropriate access?a)backboneb)firewallc)bandwidthd)packet switchinge)hostname7.Which of the following contains the address for accessing a Web page?a)uniform resource locatorb)web serverc)web browserd)webloge)cookie8.Which of the following is the primary mechanism for representing the content of a Web page?a)HTMLb)tagc)attributed)cookiee)hypertext三．填空题(需用英文作答)1.A computer network allows computing devices to communicate and share resources.2.A(n)Internet service provider(ISP)is a company that provides other companies or individuals with access to the Internet.3.A(n)protocol is a set of rules that defines how data is formatted and processed on a network.4.Ethernet is an industry standard for local-area networks,based on a bus topology.5.A(n)_gateway_is a special node on a LAN set up to handle all communication with other networks.6.A LAN using a(n)ring topology topology connects all nodes in a closed loop on which messages travel in one direction.7.A(n)website is a collection of related Web pages.8.HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.。