定语从句和宾语从句 (从句辨析)
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修饰整个句子
定语从句所修饰的词叫作先行词，而引导定语从句的 词叫关系词（关系代词和关系副词）。关系词一般 紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。
2.定语从句的构成
如：There was a young man (who liked paintings). 句中， who为关系代词，定语从句who liked paintings修饰先行词a young man 。
4.关 系 词 如 何 用？
• 关系副词
关系副词when,where,why 分别表示时间，地点和原因，在 定语从句中起状语的作用。 如：He told me the date (when the meeting would be held.) ( 相 当于 on which) This is the place (where he works).( 相当于at which) No one knows the reason (why he suddenly died).
My owner no longer loves me! I get really passive and don't want to do anything.
Why doesn't he like me? Can you give me a clue?
The owner likes the cat with a listening ear!
再如：This is the house (where I lived last year). 句中， where为关系副词，定语从句where I lived last year修饰先行词the house。
3.关系词以及注意点
关系代词有which,that,who(m),whose; 关系副词有when,where,why 注意：关系词既代替前面的先行词在从句中担任一定的成分，又把 两个句子连接起来，构成一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。 例如：两个简单句 Thank you for the flowers.+You gave me the flowers. 主从复合句 Thank you for the flowers (which(that) you gave me). Thank you for the record which(that)you gave me the record.(F) Thank you for the record which(that)you gave it to me.(F) 说明：关系代词which /that代替前面的先行词the record,已经在 从句中担任宾语，所以再在从句中加the record或it就重复了。
4.关 系 词 如 何 用？
• 关系代词
• 当关系代词在从句中作 主语时，指人用关系代词who，that; 指物用which,that. 如：The man (who /that sat beside me )was excited. The car (which /that is over there ) is my favorite. • 当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，指人用关系代词 whom/that/who( 非正式）,指物用关系代词which/that,口语 中可以省略。 如： The doctor (whom/that/ she visited ) is famous. The blouse (which/that/ she tried on )was small. • 当关系代词在从句中作定语，表示所有关系时，用whose(既 指人也指物） 如： I live in a house (whose door faces west) I know a woman (whose daughter died).
• 注意：如果先行词是reason，关系词为why,that 或省略。
The reason (why/that/ he changed his mind) is not clear. The reason( why/that/she didn’t get the job )was that her English was not good.
Then I'll try my best to draw out my owner, but he's still mad at me and refuses to talk.
Then I have to go outside and wander around the town until my owner calms down!
• The details of the meeting haven't been made public. • 会议的细节尚未公布。 • How did Jack draw out Mr. White and make him talk?
• 杰克是怎么使怀特先生开口说 话的？
Tongue Twister
2.when的用法： （先行词应是表示时间的名词） I’ll never forget the day.
+
I joined the League on that day. 从 句
I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the League . I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.
when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。(on/ in…which)
why: 在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。 (the reason why)
关系副词的用法：
1.where 的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）
The hotel wasn’t clean. + We stayed at the hotel.
如1.The man who (that)came first is John.
修饰名词man
2. The handkerchief which (that)you gave me
wasn’t clean. 修饰名词handkerchief 3..My father does morning exercise every day,which is good for his health.
But things have changed since I couldn't concentrate when my owner talked.
Sometimes I interrupt him before he finishes his talk.
Every time I cut my owner off, he gets angry and stops talking to me!
=The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean. ＝The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t clean. ＝The hotel which we stayed at wasn’t clean ＝The hotel 关系词略we stayed at wasn’t clean .
3.why的用法： ( 表示原因的名词)
The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to a party.
• 定语从句—Attributive Clause
1. 何为定语从句？
• 定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语等来担任。 如果一个句子担任定语，这个句子就叫定语从句。 • 定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，还能修饰整个句子。
• It's not polite to interrupt a speaker. • 打断人的谈话是不礼貌的。 • We were cut off in the middle of our conversation. • 我们正交谈时被打断了。
• There is no clue to the identity of the thief. • 没有确定窃贼身分的线索。 • He played a passive role in the marriage. • 他在婚姻中扮演了一个被动的角色。
• detail • concentrate • interrupt • cut someone off • draw out • wander • passive • clue
• I can't concentrate on my work when I'm tired. • 我累了就无法集中精力工作。 • He likes to wander over the countryside. • 他喜欢在乡间漫步。
which/that 4. My parents live in a house__________ is more than 100 years old.
whom John spoke is 5. The boy with _______ my brother.
which/that 6. Kevin is reading a book __________
4.关 系 词 如 何 用？
• 注意：在下列情况下，无论关系代词在定语从句中是作主 语还是宾语，指人还是指物，都用 that
• 1. 先行词带有最高级形容词，或有only,all 等词修饰时； 如：This is the best film （that I have ever seen）. You are the only person （that can help me）. • 2. 先行词为all ,something,anything 等不定代词时； 如：You can take anything （that you like）. All （that I have） is given by my parents. • 3. 先行词既指人又指物时； 如： Do you know the people and things （that they are talking about）?
1. I have a friend ________ who/that likes listening to classical music. 2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the which/that I gave her. new dress __________ 3. The man ______ whose leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
is too difficult for him.
that you want 7. Is there anything ________
to buy in the town.
that we can do is to study hard. 8.All ______ that stands up is a 9. The first one _____
百度文库
Can you can a can as the canner can can a can?
关系副词
关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具 有几种作用。
1. 在从句中代替先行词。
2. 在句中作状语。
3. 连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。 关系副词有三种： where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点。 (on/in/at…which)
Hello everyone, I'm Kitty. I met a problem and need your advice!
Now I'm going to give you some details to let you know more about my problem!
I was once a happy cat and my owner loved me!
定语从句所修饰的词叫作先行词，而引导定语从句的 词叫关系词（关系代词和关系副词）。关系词一般 紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。
2.定语从句的构成
如：There was a young man (who liked paintings). 句中， who为关系代词，定语从句who liked paintings修饰先行词a young man 。
4.关 系 词 如 何 用？
• 关系副词
关系副词when,where,why 分别表示时间，地点和原因，在 定语从句中起状语的作用。 如：He told me the date (when the meeting would be held.) ( 相 当于 on which) This is the place (where he works).( 相当于at which) No one knows the reason (why he suddenly died).
My owner no longer loves me! I get really passive and don't want to do anything.
Why doesn't he like me? Can you give me a clue?
The owner likes the cat with a listening ear!
再如：This is the house (where I lived last year). 句中， where为关系副词，定语从句where I lived last year修饰先行词the house。
3.关系词以及注意点
关系代词有which,that,who(m),whose; 关系副词有when,where,why 注意：关系词既代替前面的先行词在从句中担任一定的成分，又把 两个句子连接起来，构成一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。 例如：两个简单句 Thank you for the flowers.+You gave me the flowers. 主从复合句 Thank you for the flowers (which(that) you gave me). Thank you for the record which(that)you gave me the record.(F) Thank you for the record which(that)you gave it to me.(F) 说明：关系代词which /that代替前面的先行词the record,已经在 从句中担任宾语，所以再在从句中加the record或it就重复了。
4.关 系 词 如 何 用？
• 关系代词
• 当关系代词在从句中作 主语时，指人用关系代词who，that; 指物用which,that. 如：The man (who /that sat beside me )was excited. The car (which /that is over there ) is my favorite. • 当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，指人用关系代词 whom/that/who( 非正式）,指物用关系代词which/that,口语 中可以省略。 如： The doctor (whom/that/ she visited ) is famous. The blouse (which/that/ she tried on )was small. • 当关系代词在从句中作定语，表示所有关系时，用whose(既 指人也指物） 如： I live in a house (whose door faces west) I know a woman (whose daughter died).
• 注意：如果先行词是reason，关系词为why,that 或省略。
The reason (why/that/ he changed his mind) is not clear. The reason( why/that/she didn’t get the job )was that her English was not good.
Then I'll try my best to draw out my owner, but he's still mad at me and refuses to talk.
Then I have to go outside and wander around the town until my owner calms down!
• The details of the meeting haven't been made public. • 会议的细节尚未公布。 • How did Jack draw out Mr. White and make him talk?
• 杰克是怎么使怀特先生开口说 话的？
Tongue Twister
2.when的用法： （先行词应是表示时间的名词） I’ll never forget the day.
+
I joined the League on that day. 从 句
I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the League . I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.
when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。(on/ in…which)
why: 在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。 (the reason why)
关系副词的用法：
1.where 的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）
The hotel wasn’t clean. + We stayed at the hotel.
如1.The man who (that)came first is John.
修饰名词man
2. The handkerchief which (that)you gave me
wasn’t clean. 修饰名词handkerchief 3..My father does morning exercise every day,which is good for his health.
But things have changed since I couldn't concentrate when my owner talked.
Sometimes I interrupt him before he finishes his talk.
Every time I cut my owner off, he gets angry and stops talking to me!
=The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean. ＝The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t clean. ＝The hotel which we stayed at wasn’t clean ＝The hotel 关系词略we stayed at wasn’t clean .
3.why的用法： ( 表示原因的名词)
The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to a party.
• 定语从句—Attributive Clause
1. 何为定语从句？
• 定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语等来担任。 如果一个句子担任定语，这个句子就叫定语从句。 • 定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，还能修饰整个句子。
• It's not polite to interrupt a speaker. • 打断人的谈话是不礼貌的。 • We were cut off in the middle of our conversation. • 我们正交谈时被打断了。
• There is no clue to the identity of the thief. • 没有确定窃贼身分的线索。 • He played a passive role in the marriage. • 他在婚姻中扮演了一个被动的角色。
• detail • concentrate • interrupt • cut someone off • draw out • wander • passive • clue
• I can't concentrate on my work when I'm tired. • 我累了就无法集中精力工作。 • He likes to wander over the countryside. • 他喜欢在乡间漫步。
which/that 4. My parents live in a house__________ is more than 100 years old.
whom John spoke is 5. The boy with _______ my brother.
which/that 6. Kevin is reading a book __________
4.关 系 词 如 何 用？
• 注意：在下列情况下，无论关系代词在定语从句中是作主 语还是宾语，指人还是指物，都用 that
• 1. 先行词带有最高级形容词，或有only,all 等词修饰时； 如：This is the best film （that I have ever seen）. You are the only person （that can help me）. • 2. 先行词为all ,something,anything 等不定代词时； 如：You can take anything （that you like）. All （that I have） is given by my parents. • 3. 先行词既指人又指物时； 如： Do you know the people and things （that they are talking about）?
1. I have a friend ________ who/that likes listening to classical music. 2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the which/that I gave her. new dress __________ 3. The man ______ whose leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
is too difficult for him.
that you want 7. Is there anything ________
to buy in the town.
that we can do is to study hard. 8.All ______ that stands up is a 9. The first one _____
百度文库
Can you can a can as the canner can can a can?
关系副词
关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具 有几种作用。
1. 在从句中代替先行词。
2. 在句中作状语。
3. 连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。 关系副词有三种： where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点。 (on/in/at…which)
Hello everyone, I'm Kitty. I met a problem and need your advice!
Now I'm going to give you some details to let you know more about my problem!
I was once a happy cat and my owner loved me!