美国文学赏析整理
美国文学赏析
Sister Carrie1.What is Naturalism?Dreiser constantly challenged the traditional American literature and faith, and thus formed unique naturalistic style in Sister Carrie-reason, free will and the relationship between the instinct and the evolution of Theodore Dreiser's morality.In Sister Carrie, "Theodore dreiser detailed descriptions of the reason, free will and the relationship between the instinct .When the instinct and rational conflict, instinct is always prevail; And free will always in vain, subject to instinct .By Darwinian influence, Dreiser display of the animal instinct in Sister Carrie .In the novel, dreiser think Carrie behavior should use a "facultative standard" to judge, this means you can freely judgment of her behavior, and not a fixed moral standards. According to the Darwinian evolution, humans are animals developed from a lower level, does not exist to the god,who can judge the right or wrong.The desire for a better life and the pursuit of a better life is not a sin, to get that kind of life,humans will abandon the traditional morality bounded people's soul.So,through the commitment YuDeLu ella and Hurstwood,Carrie change her situation, but, to seek a better life she have left them.Sister Carrie behavior can only use a facultative standard to judge, the standard constitutes the morality of Theodore Dreiser's evolution.2.What kind of person is Carrie?Sister Carrie tells a story of a yong woman's "Cinderella" life in Chicago in the late 19th century .Carrie ,unwilling to live in a narrow,poor and boring counotry,left for Chicago .She is eager to enjoy various pleasures in the life.Especially,she is ambitious to gain material wealth.However,the job she finds at first is too hard for her,and the wages are so low that she has to walk and has to warm clothes to protect herself against the cold winter.To make matters worse,after her sickness,she loses her job.The difficulty in finding a job,the cruel reality and the temptation of material life make her lost.She ends up a mistress of a salesman,Drouet.Meanwhile,a hotel manerge,Hurstwood,is fascinated with her.Having accidentally stolen the hotel's money,he tricks Carrie into getting on the escaping train with him.Initially,their life is quite steady,but they have a hard life after Hurstwood experience many setbacks in doing business.Owing to Hurstwood's unemployment,Carrie has to search for a job.She makes it and leaves him before long.She luckily rises to stardom while Hurstwood is still jobless and turns into a begger,them commiting suicide in the end.Carrie succeeds in becoming a member of the upper-class,yet she discovers that she is very lonely and empty.。
美国文学史诗歌重点赏析
• （牧羊人对此仍喜爱
shepherd still admires) 如初），
The children of the forest played.
• 林中的孩子们游戏玩 耍。
• There oft a restless Indian queen, (Pale Sheba, with her braided hair) And many a barbarous form is seen To chide the man that lingers there.
美国文学史诗歌重点赏析
Ideas on poetry writing
Emily Dickinson seemed to consider poetry writing as a private thing. When she was in her early twenties, she began to write poetry. Sometimes she would send her poems with letters to her friends. But she never approved of publishing her poems, for she thought, “Publication is the auction of the mind of man.” So she kept her poems to herself throughout the life. She did not regard herself as a poet. But in her opinion, a poet’s responsibility is to use concrete images to present abstract ideas. Her poems are terse and suggestive.
美国文学期末考试作品赏析
美国文学期末考试作品赏析The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.1.what is the location of this story?2.the atmosphere and the history of this area?3.who is the protagonist of this story?4.what is the main conflict?"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is a short story by Washington Irving contained in his collection The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., written while he was living in Birmingham, England, and first published in 1820. With Irving's companion piece "Rip Van Winkle", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is among the earliest examples of American fiction still read today.The story is set circa 1790 in the Dutch settlement of Tarry Town, New York, in a secluded glen called Sleepy Hollow. It tells the story of Ichabod Crane, a lean, lanky, and extremely superstitious schoolmaster from Connecticut, who competes with Abraham "Brom Bones" Van Brunt, the town rowdy, for the hand of 18-year-old Katrina Van Tassel, the daughter and sole child of a wealthy farmer. As Crane leaves a party he attended at the Van Tassel home on an autumn night, he is pursued by the Headless Horseman, who is supposedly the ghost of a Hessian trooper who had his head shot off by a stray cannonball during "some nameless battle" of the American Revolutionary War, and who "rides forth to the scene of battle in nightly quest of his head". Ichabod mysteriously disappears from town, leaving Katrina to marry Brom Bones, who was "to look exceedingly knowing whenever the story of Ichabod was related".The dénouement of the fictional tale is set at the bridge over the Pocantico River in the area of the Old Dutch Church andBurying Ground in Sleepy Hollow. The characters of Ichabod Crane and Katrina Van Tassel may have been based on local residents known to the author. The character of Katrina is thought to have been based upon Eleanor Van Tassel Brush, in which case her name is derived from that of Eleanor's aunt Catriena Ecker Van Tessel.Although Irving knew an army colonel named Ichabod Crane from Staten Island, New York (who was also once the Commanding Officer of Lieutenant Stonewall Jackson), the character in "The Legend" may have been patterned after Jesse Merwin, who taught at the local schoolhouse in Kinderhook, further north along the Hudson River, where Irving spent several months in 1809.the wild honey suckle 的分析《野金银花》是Freneau在南卡罗莱纳州查尔斯顿散步时，看到一簇幽生的金银花，于是便有感而发，将这首短诗一气呵成。
美国文学赏析整理
一I heard the merry grasshopper then sing,The black-clad cricket bear a second part, They kept one tune, and played on the same string,Seeming to glory in their little art.Shall creatures abject thus their voices raise And in their kind resound their m aker’s praise,Whilst I, as mute, can warble forth no higher lays“Under the cooling shadow of a stately Elm, Close state I by a goodly River’s side, Where gliding streams the Rocks did overwhelm;A lonely place with pleasures dignifi’d.I once that lov’d the shady woods so well, Now thought the rivers did the trees excel, And if the sun would ever shine there would I dwell.“While musing thus with contemplation fed, And thousand fancies buzzing in my brain, The sweet tongu’d Philomel percht o’er my head,And chanted forth a most melodious strain, Which rapt me so with wonder and delight,I judg’d my hearing better than my sight.题目：the 9th of Contemplations作者：Anne Bradstreet赏析：1. Rhyme royal: sevenline iambic petametre 七行五步抑扬格2. Rhyme: ababccc3. Theme: religion4. 象征：black-clad=death; abject=admitting defeat; maker= god5. A genuine expression of poetic feeling in the presence of nature. The poem offers the reader an insight into the mentality of the early Puritan pioneering in a new world. The poet heard the grasshopper and the cricket sing, and she searched for her own soul accordingly.6. She saw sth metaphysical inhering in the physical, a mode of perception which was singularly Puritan二It was about this time I conceived the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection.I wished to live without committing any fault at any time; I would conquer all that either natural inclination, custom, or company might lead me into. As I knew, or thought I knew, what was right and wrong, I did not see why I might not always do the one and avoid the other. But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficulty than I had imagined. While my care was employed in guarding against one fault, I was often surprised by another; habit took the advantage of inattention; inclination was sometimes too strong for reason. I concluded, at length, that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken, and good ones acquired and established, before we can have any dependence on a steady, uniform rectitude of conduct. For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method.In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading, I found the catalog more or less numerous, as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name. Temperance, for example, was by some confined to eating and drinking, while by others it was extended to mean the moderating every other pleasure, appetite, inclination, or passion bodily or mental, even to our avarice and ambition, I proposed to myself, for the sake of clearness, to use rather more names, with fewer ideas annexed to each, than a few names with more ideas; and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time occurred to me as necessary or desirable, and annexed to each a short precept, which fully expressed the extent I gave to its meaning.题目：Autobiography作者：Benjamin Franklin赏析：1. One of Benja min Franklin’s literary successes. 1771-1788, incomplete when hedied.2. Purpose: to make the experience of his own career, the conduct and habit of life which had led to success in his own case, a source of help and inspiration to others.3. The story of his struggles, errors, experiments with himself, accomplishment.4. Wonderful frankness & extreme simplicity三“God knows, I’m not myself—I’m somebody else—… and I’m changed, and I can’t tell what’s my name, or who I am.”RipDame Van Winkle题目：Rip Van Winkle作者：Washington Irving赏析：1. Rip: self-centered, careless, anti-intellectual, imaginative, and holly as the overgrown child. He symbolizes the immature America.2. Dame Van Winkle (Rip’s wife): symbolizes the puritanical discipline and the work ethic of Franklin.3. Why sleep 20 yearsPurpose: to show us clearly the conflicts and dreams of the nations—the conflict of innocence and experience, work and leisure, the old and the new, the head and the heart. It is also to tell us that a man who has looked toward the beginning of civilization in America can make a choice in his analysis of his own life.4. Inevitably changing America.四A subtle chain of countless rings,The next unto the farthest brings;The eye reads omens where it goes,And speaks all languages the rose;And, striving to be man, the worm,Mounts through all the spires of form.题目： Nature作者： Ralph Waldo Emerson赏析：1. Transcendentalism2. Prose: casual style (derived fromhis journals or lectures);Characterized by a series of short, declarative sentences, which are quite logically connected but will flower out into illustrative statements of truth and thoughts.Comparisons and metaphors to make the general ideas of his works clearly expressed.Employ literary sources to make and enrich his own points but never let them take the full reins of his discussion.五Hester Prynne 女主角Roger Chillingworth 女主角的丈夫Arthur Dimmesdale 牧师。
英美文学作品赏析
英美文学作品赏析英美文学作品是世界文学中的重要组成部分，有着独特的文化内涵和艺术风格。
以下是几个经典英美文学作品的赏析：1.《傲慢与偏见》《傲慢与偏见》是英国作家简·奥斯汀的代表作之一，是一部浪漫爱情小说。
小说主要讲述了年轻、美貌、聪明的伊丽莎白·班纳特和富家公子达西之间的故事。
这部小说将绅士风度、家族荣誉、社交礼仪等方面的观念描绘得十分逼真和深刻。
2.《麦田里的守望者》《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家J.D.塞林格的代表作之一，也是20世纪美国文学的经典之作。
小说主人公霍尔顿·考尔菲尔德在校园里的种种遭遇中，受到了现实的打击，他失去了对未来的信心，最终选择了离开学校。
小说以青年的视角，生动地反映了当时美国社会的精神恐慌和对青年的关注和热爱。
3.《唐吉诃德》《唐吉诃德》是西班牙作家米格尔·德·塞万提斯的代表作之一，也是世界文学史上最重要的小说之一。
这部小说以一个骑士形象展开了一系列荒诞而幽默的冒险故事，描绘了骑士精神中的理想、信仰、勇气和忠诚等方面的特点。
作者用轻松幽默的笔调，将普通人的奋斗和追求娓娓道来，让读者在欢笑之余，也深深地感受到了生命的意义。
4.《百年孤独》《百年孤独》是哥伦比亚作家加西亚·马尔克斯的代表作之一，是一部魔幻现实主义小说。
小说主要讲述了布恩迪亚家族七代人的故事，涵盖了哥伦比亚社会、政治、经济等多个方面的历史变迁和发展。
这部小说以其独特的文学风格和奇幻的叙事手法，成功地塑造了一幅梦幻般的哥伦比亚社会图景，它深刻地揭示了人类内心世界的各种冲突和矛盾。
以上是几个经典英美文学作品的赏析，每一部作品都有其独特的价值和意义，值得我们去阅读和了解。
老人与海的赏析
老人与海《老人与海》是美国文学家海明威的一部小说，讲述了一个叫做圣地亚哥的老渔夫，和一条巨大的马林鱼的斗争。
这个故事深刻表现了一个人对自然、对命运、对伙伴、对生命等众多因素的思考与追求。
老人与海的故事有着非常深刻的内涵，可以引导人们反思生命的真谛，坚韧不拔与追求的高尚情感。
老人与海的主人公圣地亚哥是一位年迈的海渔老人，他非常渴望捕到一条巨型马林鱼，但在他数十年的渔业生涯中，一直都没有实现这个愿望。
每逢渔季，老人都会和一个年轻小伙伴一同出海，可是每次都是空手而归。
这样的失败一次次积累，导致圣地亚哥走向了人生的谷底，但是他一直不放弃。
举一个例子来说，当他出海的第八十四天，终于捕到了自己心心念念的巨型马林鱼。
但是鱼非常强壮，拉了他数码丈的海。
老人感到自己的力气不足，而且要经历数小时的抵抗。
虽然身心俱疲，但是他拼尽全力，最终把鱼放到了小船上。
老人独自一人管理着这只鱼，要划行数百里返乡，这个过程中他又经历了很多的风浪和痛苦，但是他依然不放弃。
这样的故事也在告诉我们，每个人都需要有坚定不移的信念和对自己能力的信心。
举第二个例子，在《老人与海》的结尾处，圣地亚哥虽然最终失去了心心念念的巨型马林鱼，但是他返回小渔村的路途中，群鱼围绕着他的小船，并在船头跳跃，向他致敬。
尽管这个时候老人饥渴难耐、疲倦不堪，但他仍然感到非常的满足和幸福。
在这个过程中，他意识到他自身已经获得到了来自自然界的礼赞和尊重，这是比任何形式的成功和荣耀都更加的重要。
这个故事也在告诉人们：生命并非在于我们得到了多少，而在于我们为了追求而努力奋斗的过程。
“老人与海”这个故事向我们传递了多个值得推敲的哲理和深刻的人生道理。
首先，这个故事告诉我们，每个人起点并不相同，但是关键在于如何对待自己的生活和人生。
每一个人的生活中都会有无数的挫折以及艰难困苦，但是关键在于我们如何面对这些挑战，以及如何克服这些困难。
其次，这个故事还告诉我们，人生的意义并不是在于光鲜亮丽的成功，而在于我们为了追求而将尽全力、坚持不懈地拼搏的努力过程。
美国文学赏析
Ezra Pound (埃兹拉▪庞德)In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;人群中这些面孔幽灵般闪现Petals on a wet,black bough、湿漉漉的黑色枝条上的众多花瓣1、Why does the poet call the faces of pedestrians "apparition"? These pedestrians are all walking in a hurry amidst the drizzling rain、2.What do "petals" and "bough" stand for?Petals refer to the faces while the bough stands for the floating crowd、Robert Frost(1)Fire and IceSome say the world will end in fire, 有人说世界将终结于火,Some say in ice、有人说就是冰。
From what I’ve tasted of desire, 从我尝过的欲望之果I hold with those who favor fire、我赞同倾向于火之说。
But if it had to perish twice, 但若它非得两度沉沦I think I know enough of hate、我想我对仇恨了解也够多To know that for destruction ice 可以说要就是去毁灭,Is also great 冰也不错,And would suffice、应该也行。
1、What are the symbolic meanings of fire in this poem?Fire symbolizes natural disaster, human passion, as well as war、2.Why does the speaker say that ice is also great for destruction? Explain what ice stands for here、Ice, oppose to fire, is also a dreadful natural disaster in this world, and ice is always related to indifference, coldness, hatred, and the other negative sentiments of human beings、3、What is your opinion about fire and ice? Which one is more destructive?Both fire and ice can destroy this beautiful world if they are beyond control of human beings、Therefore we should be open-minded and reduce our prejudice and pride so as to keep this world in peace、(2)Stopping By Woods On a Snowy Evening1、In your opinion, what was the reason that made the speaker stop by the woods on a snowy evening?The poet was deeply attracted by the natural beauty of the scene at that very moment、2.Why did the horse give the harness bell a shake?The horse grew impatient by stopping in the middle of the dark, cold woods at midnight、It was eager to go home、3.Why couldn't the speaker stay longer by the woods to appreciate its mysterious beauty?He realized that it was late at night and he would have to hurry home to get some food and sleep, because the next morning he would have a lot of work to do、4、What is the effect of repetition in the last two lines?The refrain-like repetition in the last two lines reminds the reader a simple fact of life: whatever happens, one must go forward in the journey of his or her life、5 stanza,16lines,Rhyme(押韵格式):aaba bbcb ccdc dddd翻译:Whose woods these are I think I know 我知道林子的主人就是谁,His house is in the village though、虽村落就是她所居之地。
安徽财经大学美国文学鉴赏
美国文学鉴赏作业姓名：学号：班级：电话：我对《飘》的赏析首先介绍一下《飘》这部作品吧！《飘》是美国女作家玛格丽特·米切尔的作品，也是惟一的作品。
小说以亚特兰大以及附近的一个种植园为故事场景，描绘了内战前后美国南方人的生活。
作品刻画了那个时代的许多南方人的形象，占中心位置的斯佳丽、瑞德、艾希礼、梅勒妮等人是其中的典型代表。
他们的习俗礼仪、言行举止、精神观念、政治态度，通过对斯佳丽与白瑞德的爱情纠缠为主线，成功地再现了林肯领导的南北战争，美国南方地区的社会生活。
每个人读这部作品可能都会有不同的体会，正如“一千个人眼中，有一千个哈姆雷特”一样，《飘》就是有这样的魅力。
一个人，处于人生的不同阶段看同一本书同一个角色，观感也会有所不同。
每次看《飘》，每次都有不同的收获。
刚开始看的时候，讨厌虚荣爱出风头的斯佳丽，喜欢纯洁善良的梅勒妮，不喜欢油腔滑调的瑞德，喜欢温文尔雅的艾希礼，喜欢南方如画的景致和田园牧歌式的生活，不喜欢北方的浮华和放荡。
《飘》是一部以美国南北战争为历史背景、以南方的社会生活为生活环境的全景社会小说。
小说全面展现美国南方社会风貌以及各色人物在巨大的社会变革中的命运变迁，通过展现不同人物在混乱复杂的社会环境中的命运变化，揭示了不同的性格所必然走向的不同的命运安排。
作者运用女性所特有的观察视角，细微而又深刻地描写了以斯佳丽为中心人物，以瑞德、梅勒妮和艾希礼为主要性格人物的社会活动，通过他们的社会活动，展现了纷繁复杂的社会画面，以及他们各自不同的命运走向。
在以往小说创作中，作者习惯于塑造性格单一且突出的人物，即正面人物则性格光辉伟大，没有丝毫缺点，而负面人物则通常充满了阴暗狡诈、冷酷无情的性格本质，性格区别塑造的十分分明。
而《飘》却打破了这种描述方式，小说所呈现出的人物形象都是正负两方面性格的组合体，这种性格组合既圆润而生动的变现了每个人物的性格特征，又在深层次中揭示了社会巨变所带个人的一种改变。
美国文学选读诗歌赏析(可打印修改)
One’s Self I SingThis poem was published as “Inscription” in Leaves of Grass (1867) and given its present title in 1871. According to Whitman’s plan, the poem is printed first in his book.As the title is “One’s Self,” not “Myself”, this already forms the bond between the reader and writer which again it’s what he is conveying in the poem.In the first stanza, the speaker sings of a simple separate person, but the alliteration lends more powerful symbolism to the words. The repetition seems to indicate that perhaps what he sings is not so simple at all. The poem celebrates the “simple, separate Person” as a physical, moral, intellectual, emotional, and aesthetical being, but declares that when he sings of himself, he uses the “word En-masse” to show that he represents the modern man. While he is one voice, he is speaking for a lot of people.In the second stanza, the theme changes when the poet refers to the spirit and physical body, and wisdom. Whitman tells us that he speaks for all colors, classes and creeds. He seems to be telling us to live together like one, accepting all. All organs in the body need others to function properly. No person can live without relying on the complete system.In the last stanza, the poet hammers us with alliteration. Though modern man fights for his freedom and individuality, the greatest freedom he has is his right to live.Altough Whitman consistently celebrated an average man, he was probably feeling his unique qualities. Divided between faith in democratic equality and belief in the individual rebel against society’s restrictions, he combined the figure of the average man and the superman in his conception of himself. He certainly differed in the hypersensitivity that made him as zealous in pursuing emotional freedom through love as he had been in pursuing social freedom in democracy. He differed also in his frequent, forceful declarations of his democratic love for man (The Female equally with the Male I sing), and he has been considered a homosexual.Fire and IceDesire and hate, believed by some to be the two largest faults of the human race. Robert Frost explains these two ideas in only nine lines. “Fire and Ice” is a perfect example of juxtaposition between fire and ice, or, desire and hate. Both are believed to destroy a person if they succumb to its hold.Frost begins with saying that some believe the world will end in fire, some believe ice. In other words, some believe that those who desire too much will perish; others believe that hating so much as to put their whole self into it will have the same result. Frost did not mean that having either of these faults meant physical death, more of a death of the spirit. Those who desire things such as power or wealth soon think of nothing else and lose all touch with everything around them; those who hate never enjoy life and lose touch with what truly matters in life. With either one, theperson who suffers from it exists, but does not live.Throughout the poem Frost also uses a rhyming scheme to separate the two ideas, every word coinciding with fire rhymes, “fire”and “desire,”and everything that coincides with ice rhymes also, “ice,”“twice,”“hate,” and “great.” It helps to emphasize the difference between the two, showing that, although they’re completely different, they have the same affect. “Fire and ice” was inspired by a passage in Canto 32 of Dante’s Inferno, in which the worst offenders of hell, the traitors, are submerged, while in a fiery hell, up to their necks in ice: “a lake so bound with ice, It did not look like water, but like a glass…right clear I saw, where sinners are preserved in ice.”Frost’s diction also notes that people who commit sins of desire are more common than people who commit sins of hate as it uses the pronoun “those” to describe people who commit sins of desire, suggesting plurality, and that the speaker himself has tasted it before. With his discussion of hatred, there is no mention of his having experienced it, leaving the reader to ponder whether his knowledge of hatred comes mostly from contemplation (“I think I know”) and not from experience.。
欧美文学经典赏析
欧美文学经典——人类宝贵的文化遗产•一：“浪漫主义”•浪漫主义，文艺的基本创作方法之一，与现实主义同为文学艺术上的两大主要思潮。
作为创作方法，它在反映客观上侧重于从主观内心世界出发，抒发对理想世界的热烈追求，常用热情奔放的语言、瑰丽的想象和夸张的手法来塑造形象。
•浪漫主义(Romanticism)一词来源于中世纪各国用拉丁文演变的方言(Roman)所写的“浪漫传奇”(Romance)，即英雄史诗和骑士传奇、骑士抒情诗。
•后来浪漫主义运动开始奉这些富于幻想、传奇色彩的文学题材和风格形式为典范。
•1、产生背景•社会政治：法国大革命、欧洲各国民主运动和民族解放运动，进步与混乱灾难并存的局面。
工业化的弊端。
•哲学思想：以康德等为代表的德国超验哲学对天才、灵感、自我、精神的强调重视以及法国空想社会主义思想。
•文学：在与古典主义斗争中吸收了以前文学的一些经验，如18世纪英国感伤主义文学、卢梭的作品、歌德的“狂飙突进”之作《少年维特的烦恼》等。
•2、基本特征：着重于表现作家的主观理想，抒发强烈的个人感情，重视诗歌，重视想象。
•浪漫主义诗人想要恢复人的丰富多彩的情感生活，让炽热的激情、自由的想象来抗拒工业文明、科学理性对人的精神世界的挤迫。
•用大自然来对照资本主义文明和现实,着力描写和歌咏大自然。
将大自然看作是一种神秘力量，或某种精神境界的象征，突出描写人和自然景物在思想感情上的共鸣，用自然的美来对照社会的丑，以自然启迪人生并拯救灵魂。
湖畔诗人瓦尔登湖•重视中世纪民间文学。
中世纪民间文学不受古典主义的束缚，想象丰富，感情真挚，表达自由，语言通俗，是各国传统的民族文学的精华。
•对民间文学的借鉴和重视，不仅对革新文学的内容和形式起了重大作用，同时也反映出作家的民族意识和民主思想的增强。
•德、英的浪漫主义文学运动就是从搜集、整理中世纪民间文学如民歌、民间传说、童话等开始的。
题材手法等奇特、非凡、夸张，追求强烈的艺术效果。
美国红字文学作品赏析
学习美国文学学会鉴赏作品选修课论文美国文学作品赏析——《红字》主要人物及中心简单赏析摘要：作为19世纪前半期美国最伟大的浪漫主义小说家，纳撒尼尔•霍桑。
而其代表作《红字》更已成为世界文学经典，引人深思，向人们展示了一场北美殖民地时期的恋爱悲剧，主人公海兰丝白兰、牧师丁梅斯代尔以及他们的女儿珠儿、医生奇灵渥斯，在他们之间展开的故事体现了当时法典的残酷、宗教的欺骗和充满罪恶的社会。
关键字：原罪；救赎；罪恶；宗教；人性对于作者霍桑本人，他被评为一个生活的旁观者，而这一人生态度，决定了他对人的内心、心理活动的兴趣和洞察力。
他深受“原罪”思想的影响，而且“原罪”代代相传，因而倡导人们以善行来洗刷罪恶，净化心灵。
他自由性格孤高自许，顾虑多疑，童年的不幸和生活氛围使他内心有一种“痛苦的孤独感”，幼年丧父的他寄养在他笃信基督教的清教的外公家，宗教的狂热和宗教的教条所带来的人性的摧残、对人尊严的践踏，都对霍桑产生了深远影响。
他对社会改革毫无兴趣，对资本主义经济迅速发展也无法理解。
因此他的绝大部分作品是以殖民地时期残酷的宗教统治为背景，描写了人们的精神世界、思想意识矛盾和宗教主义压迫下的悲惨遭遇。
他自始至终都没有放弃改造社会、改造人心的企图。
他的大部分小说都有着比较明显的一个倾向，即对人类灵魂深处执着的探索和由此而产生的深沉的忧思。
他更关心的是造成罪恶现实的根本原因①。
霍桑的代表作《红字》的开篇一章《狱门》，映入眼帘的一句话：“新殖民地的开拓者们，不管他们的头脑中起初有什么关于人类品德和幸福的美妙理解，总要在各种实际需要的草创之中，忘不了划出一片未开垦的处女地充当墓地，再划出另一片土地来修建监狱。
”这表明了霍桑的基本态度：人人皆有罪，罪恶与人类如影相随。
从小说中塑造的人物形象来看，也证实了这一点：无论是海丝特·白兰这样的殉道者，还是像罗杰·齐灵渥斯那样畸形毒辣的人；无论是身处要职的州长、受人尊敬的牧师丁梅斯代尔，还是刑台前的普通看客，几乎每个人都是有罪的。
美国文学家海明威《老人与海》赏析
2432019年13期总第453期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS 美国文学家海明威《老人与海》赏析文/李 晓二、《老人与海》的艺术特色《老人与海》是海明威小说中最具有代表性的作品之一，具有独特的“冰山风格”。
之所以称其作品为“冰山风格”是因为在小说内容、故事情节以及人物性格塑造的背后隐藏着巨大的精神层面的意义和价值。
每一个读者在阅读《老人与海》这部作品时，都会代入自身，有所思考有所感悟，进而触动自己的内心深处。
可以说这种挖掘“冰山”的艺术风格，正是《老人与海》这部作品突出的艺术特色。
《老人与海》这部作品在创作时，引入了大量的象征手法。
大海可以理解为未知与不确定，而老人可以理解为面对生活的困难时的人们。
《老人与海》所蕴含的深刻思想是人们在困境之中的一剂良药。
虽然《老人与海》的结局是不完美的，甚至有一点悲剧色彩，但是老人所呈现的硬汉形象以及在遭受困境时所表现的无畏精神、敢于拼搏的精神才是真正的胜利。
从另一方面来说，老人的形象正是人类生生不息、繁衍生存，以及为了生存和发展不断拼搏斗争的缩影，是具有寓言意义的艺术形象的化身。
《老人与海》中的老人可以用“命运多舛”一词来形容，其在面临困境时的淡然正是无畏巨人的形象。
有些学者在对老人这一形象进行解读时会延伸到海明威作者本人对待生活、对待命运的态度，这其实也可以看成是海明威真实生活态度的艺术写照，也是一种深刻的表现手法。
《老人与海》所运用的象征手法是这部小说十分重要的呈现方式和组成元素，也更加深刻地反映了小说的主旨思想。
对《老人与海》这部经典作品的再次重温和赏析，能够唤醒人们内心深处的勇敢和无畏，更能给予人们再去相信的勇气和克服困难的决心。
参考文献：[1]洪磊.《老人与海》象征性语言分析[J].海外英语,2017(23):158-159.[2]王毓皎.论海明威《老人与海》的语言特点[J].校园英语,2018 (1).[3]何友天.海明威小说《老人与海》的象征意蕴分析[J].考试周刊, 2018(1):171-171.[4]刘肖溢.生态批评视野下《老人与海》的生态危机意识探讨[J].职大学报,2017(5):106-109.引言海明威的文学作品一直是我国文学界研究的热点。
美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析[修改版]
![美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析[修改版]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/db9e43c75ebfc77da26925c52cc58bd631869320.png)
第一篇：美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析I shot an arrow……我射出一支箭……---Henry Wadsworth LongfellowI shot an arrow into the air,我把一支箭射向空中It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它落在何方For so swiftly it flew the sight飞得那么快Could not follow it in its fight.眼睛难以追寻它的方向I breathed a song into the air,我对着天空轻轻唱歌It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它消逝在何方For who has the sight so keen and strong谁的眼光能如此敏锐犀利That can follow the flight of a song.能跟上歌声的翅膀Long, long afterwards in an oak,很久很久以后，在一棵橡树上I found the arrow still unbroke;我找到了那支箭，仍未折断And the song, from beginning to end,也发现了那支歌，自始自终I found again in the heart of a friend.在朋友的心中欢唱This poem is written in a traditional iambic form with the feet “aabb aacc ddee”. In the poem, Longfellow sings the friendship implicitly and skillfully. The arrow and the song in this poem stand for the friendship. When he shot an arrow and breathed a song into the air, he did not expect to find them any more. But many years later, he came across with the arrow and found that his song was always in the heart of his friend. This suggests that the friendship is everlasting.I’m Nobody!我是无名之辈Emily DickinsonI’m nobody! Who are you?我是无名之辈！你是谁？Are you nobody, too?你也是无名之辈吗？Then there’s a pair of us----don’t tell!那么我们就是一对儿了！千万不要透露出去They’d banish us, you know!不然我们都会被他们驱逐，你知道。
美国文学史期末考试-诗歌赏析
Philip FreneauThe Wild Honeysuckle野忍冬花美好的花呀，你长得，这么秀丽，却藏身在这僻静沉闷的地方-——甜美的花儿开了却没人亲昵，招展的小小枝梢也没人观赏；没游来荡去的脚把你踩碎,没东攀西摘的手来催你落泪。
大自然把你打扮得一身洁白，她叫你避开庸俗粗鄙的目光,她布置下树荫把你护卫起来，又让潺潺的柔波淌过你身旁；你的夏天就这样静静地消逝，这时候你日见萎蔫终将安息。
那些难免消逝的美使我销魂，想起你未来的结局我就心疼，别的那些花儿也不比你幸运-——虽开放在伊甸园中也已凋零，无情的寒霜再加秋风的威力,会叫这花朵消失得一无踪迹。
朝阳和晚露当初曾把你养育，让你这小小的生命来到世上，原来若乌有，就没什么可失去，因为你的死让你同先前一样;这来去之间不过是一个钟点-—-这就是脆弱的花享有的天年。
（黄皋炘译）CommentaryThe short lyric was written in 1786。
Freneau was inspired by the beauty of the wild honey suckle when he was walking at Chaeleston，South Carolina. It was virtually unread in the poet's lifetime, yet it deserves a place among major English and American works of poetry of that time。
This is one of the most quoted works of Freneau。
Generally speaking, it is the best of Freneau’s poems, and the best poem on nature before the appearance of the verses of William Cullen Bryant, William Wordsworth，and Ralph Waldo Emerson’s The Rhodora。
英美文学赏析
英美文学赏析英美文学是世界文学史上的重要组成部分，涵盖了广泛的文学流派和作品。
以下是一些英美文学中的经典作品和赏析：威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）：莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的戏剧家之一。
他的作品涵盖了悲剧、喜剧和历史剧等多种类型。
莎士比亚的作品深入探讨了人性、权力和爱情等主题，如《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《麦克白》等。
简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）：奥斯汀是19世纪英国小说家，她的作品以社交风尚和婚姻为主题，揭示了当时贵族阶层的生活和价值观。
奥斯汀的作品充满了幽默和洞察力，其中最著名的作品包括《傲慢与偏见》和《爱玛》。
查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）：狄更斯是维多利亚时代最重要的小说家之一，他的作品描绘了工业化时代的社会问题和人性的复杂性。
狄更斯的作品充满了丰富的人物描写和社会讽刺，如《雾都孤儿》和《双城记》。
威廉·福克纳（William Faulkner）：福克纳是美国南方文学的代表作家，他的作品以南方的历史、种族和家庭问题为背景。
福克纳的作品以其复杂的叙事结构和意识流的运用而闻名，如《喧哗与骚动》和《押沙龙，押沙龙！》。
弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德（F. Scott Fitzgerald）：菲茨杰拉德是20世纪美国文学的重要代表之一，他的作品描绘了上流社会的虚荣和堕落。
他最著名的作品是《了不起的盖茨比》，这部小说深入探索了美国梦的破灭和社会阶层的固化。
以上只是英美文学中的一小部分经典作品，每位作家的作品都值得深入探索和赏析。
通过阅读和研究这些作品，我们可以更好地理解和欣赏英美文学的丰富性和影响力。
英美文学的经典名著赏析
英美文学的经典名著赏析英美文学是世界文学的重要组成部分，其经典名著印象深刻，影响深远。
这些名著涵盖了各种文学题材和风格，取材广泛，情节丰富，塑造了许多经典形象，反映出了不同时代的社会和文化面貌。
本文将对英美文学的几部经典名著进行欣赏和解析。
《傲慢与偏见》简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》是英国文学的瑰宝之一，被誉为最伟大的小说之一。
小说的主角是一个头脑灵活、机智幽默的女主角伊丽莎白·班纳特，通过她与达西先生的恋爱故事，描绘了英国上流社会的风气、习俗和价值观。
小说整体而言，描绘了一段富于变化的人情世故和情感冒险。
作者通过文字灵巧，对生活和人性有深刻的洞察，同时揭示了19世纪英国上流社会的各种弊端和偏见。
在小说末尾，所有的冲突都得到解决，迎来了一个幸福美满的结局。
《了不起的盖茨比》《了不起的盖茨比》是美国文学的代表作，作者为弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德。
小说的主题是美国梦和爱情，描绘了20世纪20年代美国经济繁荣和人们所面临的道德混乱。
小说的故事发生在20世纪20年代的美国。
主人公盖茨比是一个富有的商人，他爱上了一个名叫黛西的女人。
为了重新得到她的心，他开始沉迷于一系列疯狂的聚会和放荡的生活，最终以悲剧收场。
小说通过对爱情和道德的思考，阐述了美国社会在经济发展的同时所遭受的文化和道德的挣扎。
同时，小说对人物形象和环境描写也有极高的艺术价值。
《了不起的盖茨比》向人们展示了一个充满矛盾和冲突的时代。
《百年孤独》《百年孤独》是哥伦比亚文学家加西亚·马尔克斯的代表作品。
以哥伦比亚的马孔多镇为背景，小说反映了拉丁美洲的历史和文化。
小说的故事贯穿了百年时间，讲述了布恩迪亚家族的兴衰和命运，集中展现了该地区彼此交错的历史与文化趋势。
作者以幽默、夸张、超现实的手法，勾勒出了神秘的信仰、优美的爱情、荒唐的命运以及糟糕的历史。
《百年孤独》堪称文学史上的经典之作，它打破了传统文学的束缚，用全新的视角展示了哥伦比亚的多元风格和东海岸上的戏剧般的传奇。
i am nobody诗歌赏析
I.在现代文学史上，Emily Dickinson 是美国文学史上最重要的女诗人之一，她的诗作充满了神秘、超现实主义和个人情感的特点，影响着世界各地的文学爱好者。
其中，她的一首著名诗作《I am nobody》以其简洁的语言和深刻的内涵赢得了读者的喜爱，成为了批判现实、反映生活的力作。
II.在《I am nobody》中，Dickinson 以“我是无名小卒”开篇，通过对自我的贬低表达出一种对社会舆论的不屑，表达出一种超脱尘世的态度。
这种态度不仅是对自我认知的一种释放，更是对社会现实的一种质疑。
诗中的“无名小卒”一词，可以理解为对社会等级制度的低头与隐退，也可以理解为对非凡境遇的贬低与轻蔑。
这种对社会世俗的态度，既有一种拒斥、抗拒的意味，又有一种高傲、自傲的自我陶醉。
III.在诗歌的发展过程中，Dickinson 进一步强调了“无名小卒”所具有的自由与超脱。
她通过“无被遗余地”、“无声的村镇”、“无人知晓”等形象和片段，揭示了“无名小卒”并不是真正的无名，而是在逆境中的自立。
她没有丧失自我的价值和尊严，反而在无名中找到了一种相对的自由和质朴的生命力。
这种自由，不是以世俗的评判和期待作为标准，而是以个体的内心和信仰作为出发点。
这种超脱，不是对社会规范的否定，而是对人性的超越与升华。
IV.至于我个人对这首诗的理解，我认为《I am nobody》不仅仅是一首关于个人情感和社会态度的诗歌，更是一种对人类处境和命运的思考。
每个人都是社会中的“无名小卒”，面对种种挑战和压力，面对世俗的诱惑和压迫，我们是否能够保持自我，保持真诚和善良，保持向内心深处的追求和毅力？这是一种非凡的力量和境界，也是一种对普遍人性和生命轨迹的寄托。
我认为《I am nobody》所反映的并不仅仅是 Dickinson 个人的生命经历和情感倾诉，更是一种对人性、对人生的普遍关怀和深刻启示。
V.总结起来，《I am nobody》是一首充满超现实主义、神秘感和个人情感的优秀诗作，它通过对“无名小卒”的贬低和超脱，揭示了一种与社会现实的对立与超越。
美国文学诗歌赏析
1. Analyze the poem “The Wild Honey Suckle”Understand the title: 1.The name honeysuckle comes from the sweet nectar that the flower produces to intoxicate the greedy bee. Its powerful fragrance seduces the human senses as it pervades the air. The perfume o f this passionate plant may turn a maiden’s head, hence wild honeysuckle is a symbol of inconstancy in love.2. The word “wild” implies her living place; she lives in wilderness not in paradise or house; so she will not be appreciated by others and feels sorrowful. Also it implies the nature, so we can say the writer is describing the nature.2. Analyze Whitman’s “Song of Myself” (Over 200 words)"Song of Myself" is all about the human experience. The human experience, here, means what men of the past, present and future have seen, touched, smelt, and heard. In this poem Whitman is explaining how all of humanity is like one living organism, and no one part is more important than the other. In section 44 of "Song of Myself" Whitman says, "We have thus far exhausted trillions of winters and summers, There are trillions ahead, and trillions ahead of them. Births have brought us richness and variety, And other births will bring us richness and variety. I do not call one greater and one smaller, That which fills its period and place is equal to any." It is clear that Whitman had a perspective of the human race and its history that escaped most writers. More specifically, Whitman speaks of equal contribution to the human experience in section 42: "Here and there with dimes on the eyes walking, To feed the greed of the belly the brains liberally spooning, Tickets buying, taking, selling, but in to the feast never once going, Many sweating, ploughing, thrashing, and then the chaff for payment receiving, A few idly owning, and they the wheat continually claiming. This is the city and I am one of the citizens, Whatever interests the rest interests me, politics, wars, markets, newspapers, schools, The mayor and councils, banks, tariffs, steamships, factories, stocks, stores, real estate and personal estate. 3. Emily’s “Because I Could Not Stop for Death” (Over 300 words)The poem begins with a leisurely image. At first, the protagonist feels totally at ease and the usually frightening death is described as if a familiar friend, gentle and polite. Continuingly, the poem is developed upon a basic metaphor that life is a journey. It was truly rather old a comparison, but Dickinson enriched it with her creativity and imagination: "School, where Children strove" --childhood; "Fields of Gazing Grain"--maturity; and "Setting Sun"--old age. Then “the Dews drew quivering and chill-” makes the protagonist feel terribly cold, which may mean that they are getting nearer and nearer to the tomb. But at last, his companions, Immortality and Death, finally desert him and leave him alone to go toward Eternity.So it seems that though death cheats him and at the same time deserts him, the experience of death itself is not painful. Emily Dickinson’s poems just explain this kind of essence of life, which then lead you to a world of imagination and thinking.4. Appreciate the poem “In a Station of the Metro”.The poem is essentially a set of images that have unexpected likeness and convey the rare emotion that Pound was experiencing at that time. Arguably the heart of the poem is not the first line, nor the second, but the mental process that links the two together. "In a poem ofthis sort," as Pound explained, "one is trying to record the precise instant when a thing outward and objective transforms itself, or darts into a thing inward and subjective." This darting takes place between the first and second lines. The pivotal semi-colon has stirred debate as to whether the first line is in fact subordinate to the second or both lines are of equal, independent importance. Pound contrasts the factual, mundane image that he actually witnessed with a metaphor from nature and thus infuses this “apparition” with visual beauty. There is a quick transition from the statement of the first line to the second line’s vivid metaphor; this ‘super-pository’ technique exemplifies the Japanese haiku style. The word “apparition” is considered crucial as it evokes a mystical and supernatural sense of imprecision which is then reinforced by the metaphor of the second line. The plosive word ‘Petals’ conjures ideas of delicate, feminine beauty which contrasts with the bleakness of the ‘wet, black bough’. What the poem signifies is questionable; many critics argue that it deliberately transcends traditional form and therefore its meaning is solely found in its technique as opposed to in its content. However when Pound had the inspiration to write this poem few of these considerations came into view. He simply wished to translate his perception of beauty in the midst of ugliness into a single, perfect image in written form.It is also worth noting that the number of words in the poem (fourteen) is the same as the number of lines in a sonnet. The words are distributed with eight in the first line and six in the second, mirroring the octet-sestet form of the Italian (or Petrarchan) sonnet.5. Appreciate the poem “Stopping by Woods on a Snow Evening”.“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,” like many of Frost's poems, explores the theme of the individual caught between nature and civilization. The speaker's location on the border between civilization and wilderness echoes a common theme throughout American literature. The speaker is drawn to the beauty and allure of the woods, which represent nature, but has obligations—“promises to keep”—which draw him away from nature and back to society and the world of men. The speaker is thus faced with a choice of whether to give in to the allure of nature, or remain in the realm of society. Some critics have interpreted the poem as a meditation on death—the woods represent the allure of death, perhaps suicide, which the speaker resists in order to return to the mundane tasks which order daily life.6. Analyze the poem “The Road Not Taken”.the poem is inspirational, a paean to individualism and non-conformism.The poem consists of four stanzas. In the first stanza, the speaker describes his position.He has been out walking in the woods and comes to two roads, and he stands looking as far down each one as he can see. He would like to try out both, but doubts he could do that, so therefore he continues to look down the roads for a long time trying to make his decision about which road to take. The ironic interpretation, widely held by critics, is that the poem is instead about regret and personal myth-making, rationalizing our decisions.In this interpretation, the final two lines:I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.are ironic : the choice made little or no difference at all, the speaker's protestations to the contrary. The speaker admits in the second and third stanzas that both paths may be equally worn and equally leaf-covered, and it is only in his future recollection that he will call one road "less traveled by".The sigh, widely interpreted as a sigh of regret, might also be interpreted ironically: in a 1925 letter to Cristine Yates of Dickson, Tennessee, asking about the sigh, Frost replied: "It was my rather private jest at the expense of those who might think I would yet live to be sorry for the way I had taken in life."7. Analyze the poem “Anecdote of the Jar”.This famous, much-anthologized poem succinctly accommodates a remarkable number of different and plausible interpretations, as Jacqueline Brogan observes in a discussion of how she teaches it to her students.It can be approached from a New Critical perspective as a poem about writing poetry and making art generally. From a poststructuralist perspective the poem is concerned with temporal and linguistic disjunction, especially in the convoluted syntax of the last two lines. A feminist perspective reveals a poem concerned with male dominance over a traditionally feminized landscape.A cultural critic might find a sense of industrial imperialism. Brogan concludes: "When thedebate gets particularly intense, I introduce Roy Harvey Pearce's discovery of the Dominion canning jars (a picture of which is then passed around)."8. Analyze T. S. Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”. (Over 500words)On the surface, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" relays the thoughts of a sexually frustrated middle-aged man who wants to say something but is afraid to do so, and ultimately does not.The dispute, however, lies in to whom Prufrock is speaking, whether he is actually going anywhere, what he wants to say, and to what the various images refer.The intended audience is not evident. Some believe that Prufrock is talking to another person or directly to the reader, while others believe Prufrock's monologue is internal.Perrine writes "The 'you and I' of the first line are divided parts of Prufrock's own nature", while Mutlu Konuk Blasing suggests that the "you and I" refers to the relationship between the dilemmas of the character and the author. Similarly, critics dispute whether Prufrock is going somewhere during the course of the poem. In the first half of the poem, Prufrock uses various outdoor images (the sky, streets, cheap restaurants and hotels, fog), and talks about how there will be time for various things before "the taking of toast and tea", and "time to turn back and descend the stair." This has led many to believe that Prufrock is on his way to an afternoon tea, in which he is preparing to ask this "overwhelming question". Others, however, believe that Prufrock is not physically going anywhere, but rather, is playing through it in his mind.Perhaps the most significant dispute lies over the "overwhelming question" that Prufrock is trying to ask. Many believe that Prufrock is trying to tell a woman of his romantic interest in her, pointing to the various images of women's arms and clothing and the final few lines in which Prufrock laments that the mermaids will not sing to him. Others, however, believe that Prufrock is trying to express some deeper philosophical insight or disillusionment with society, but fears rejection, pointing to statements that express a disillusionment with society such as "I have measured out my life with coffee spoons" (line 51). Many believe that the poem is a criticism of Edwardian society and Prufrock's dilemma represents the inability to live a meaningful existence in the modern world. McCoy and Harlan wrote "Formany readers in the 1920s, Prufrock seemed to epitomize the frustration and impotence of the modern individual. He seemed to represent thwarted desires and modern disillusionment."As the poem uses the stream of consciousness technique, it is often difficult to determine what is meant to be interpreted literally or symbolically. In general, Eliot uses imagery which is indicative of Prufrock's character, representing aging and decay. For example, "When the evening is spread out against the sky / Like a patient etherized upon a table"(lines 2-3), the "sawdust restaurants" and "cheap hotels," the yellow fog, and the afternoon "Asleep...tired... or it malingers" (line 77), are reminiscent of languor and decay, while Prufrock's various concerns about his hair and teeth, as well as the mermaids "Combing the white hair of the waves blown back / When the wind blows the water white and black,"show his concern over aging.（注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。
赏析美国文学
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赏析 美 国文 学
沈 阳师 范大 学渤 海 学院 ｏ 级 对 外汉 语 言专 业 ７
“ 境” 环 是美 国 文学 的核 心 主题 ， 它包 括 人 与 自然 之 间 的 环
郑 晓姣
境 和人 与人 之 间 的环境 正 义 。前一 种 环境 正 义要求 人 类超 越 征 服 自然 的人 类 中心 主 义思 维方 式 ， 尊重 自然 的固有 价值 和 尊严 ， 改变 片 面强 调经 济 效益 的经 济 主 义 价值 观 ， 求 人 与 自然 的 和 追
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一I heard the merry grasshopper then sing,The black-clad cricket bear a second part,They kept one tune, and played on the same string, Seeming to glory in their little art、Shall creatures abject thus their voices raise?And in their kind resound their m aker’s praise, Whilst I, as mute, can warble forth no higher lays? “Under the cooling shadow of a stately Elm,Close state I by a goodly River’s side,Where gliding streams the Rocks did overwhelm;A lonely place with pleasures dignifi’d、I once that lov’d the shady woods so well,Now thought the rivers did the trees excel,And if the sun would ever shine there would I dwell、“While musing thus with contemplation fed,And thousand fancies buzzing in my brain,The sweet tongu’d Philomel percht o’er my head, And chanted forth a most melodious strain,Which rapt me so with wonder and delight,I judg’d my hearing better than my sight、题目:the 9th of Contemplations作者:Anne Bradstreet赏析:1、Rhyme royal: sevenline iambicpetametre 七行五步抑扬格2、Rhyme: ababccc3、Theme: religion4、象征:black-clad=death; abject=admittingdefeat; maker= god5、A genuine expression of poetic feeling inthe presence of nature、The poem offers the reader an insight into the mentality of the early Puritan pioneering in a new world、The poet heard the grasshopper and the cricket sing, and she searched for her own soul accordingly、6、She saw sth metaphysical inhering in thephysical, a mode of perception which was singularly Puritan二It was about this time I conceived the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection、I wished to live without mitting any fault at any time; I would conquer all that either natural inclination, custom, or pany might lead me into、As I knew, or thought I knew, what was right and wrong, I did not see why I might not always do the one and avoid the other、But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficulty than I had imagined、While my care was employed in guarding against one fault, I was often surprised by another; habit took the advantage of inattention; inclination was sometimes too strong for reason、I concluded, at length, that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be pletely virtuous was not sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken, and good ones acquired and established, before we can have any dependence on a steady, uniform rectitude of conduct、For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method、In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading, I found the catalog more or less numerous, as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name、Temperance, for example, was by some confined to eating and drinking, while by others it was extended to mean the moderating every other pleasure, appetite, inclination, or passion bodily or mental, even to our avarice and ambition, I proposed to myself, for the sake of clearness, to use rather more names, with fewer ideas annexed to each, than a few names with more ideas; and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time occurred to me as necessary or desirable, and annexed to each a short precept, which fully expressed the extent I gave to its meaning、题目:Autobiography作者:Benjamin Franklin赏析:1、One of Benjamin Franklin’s l iterary successes、1771-1788, inplete when he died、2、Purpose: to make the experience of his own career, the conduct and habit of life which hadled to success in his own case, a source of help and inspiration to others、3、The story of his struggles, errors, experiments with himself, acplishment、4、Wonderful frankness & extreme simplicity三“God knows, I’m not myself—I’m somebody else—… and I’m changed, and I can’t tell what’s my name, or who I am、”RipDame Van Winkle题目:Rip Van Winkle作者:Washington Irving赏析:1、Rip: self-centered, careless, anti-intellectual, imaginative, and holly as the overgrown child、He symbolizes the immature America、2、Dame Van Winkle (Rip’s wife): symbolizes the puritanical discipline and thework ethic of Franklin、3、Why sleep 20 years?Purpose: to show us clearly the conflicts and dreams of the nations—the conflict of innocence and experience, work and leisure, the old and the new, the head and the heart、It is also to tell us that a man who has looked toward the beginning of civilization in America can make a choice in his analysis of his own life、4、Inevitably changing America、四A subtle chain of countless rings,The next unto the farthest brings;The eye reads omens where it goes,And speaks all languages the rose;And, striving to be man, the worm,Mounts through all the spires of form、题目: Nature作者: Ralph Waldo Emerson赏析:1、Transcendentalism2、Prose: casual style (derived from hisjournals or lectures);Characterized by a series of short, declarative sentences, which are quite logically connected but will flower out into illustrative statements of truth and thoughts、parisons and metaphors to make the general ideas of his works clearly expressed、Employ literary sources to make and enrich his own points but never let them take the full reins of his discussion、五Hester Prynne 女主角Roger Chillingworth 女主角得丈夫Arthur Dimmesdale 牧师。