高三英语名词和冠词

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高三英语 语法知识名词、代词和冠词 知识精讲

高三英语 语法知识名词、代词和冠词 知识精讲

高三英语语法知识:名词、代词和冠词知识精讲1. 名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。

名词在句子中可以作主语,宾语,表语,宾语补足语,定语,名数词连用可以做状语。

在使用名词时,要注意区分可数名词和不可数名词,以便于正确使用表示不确定数量的定语。

如:a lot of / plenty of / some 可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。

而:many, a few, few several, scores of, large quantities of, dozens of, a couple of 等只能用在可数名词之前,much, a great deal of, a little, little, a great amount of 等只能用在不可数名词之前。

2. 冠词:冠词是一种虚词,放在名词前面,帮助说明名词的意义。

冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。

a (an)是不定冠词,an用在元音发音开始的词语前。

如:an hour, an English book。

the 是定冠词。

1)不定冠词:不定冠词a (an)只能用在单数可数名词前。

关于它的用法,用四个字概括,“每、一、类、某”。

①表示“每日”、“每周”……Please take this medicine three times a day.②表示某一种人或物中的一个。

All of us know that he is a teacher, not a student.③表示某一类人或物。

It is an easy task for an elephant.④表示“某一个”,但仍译为“一个”、“有个”。

One day, a Frenchman went to Berlin on business.2)定冠词的用法:①特指某人或某物,指说话人与听话人都知道的人或物。

Look at the picture. Is there a man in the picture?②复指前面已提到的人或物。

高考英语一轮语法知识 名词和冠词

高考英语一轮语法知识  名词和冠词

专题一 名词和冠词(一)名词1.可数名词单数变复数的规则(1)一般在名词词尾直接加 s 。

friend 朋友→friendsnation国家→nations(2) 词尾是 s ,x ,ch ,sh 时一般加es 。

知识点一 名词的数interest 兴趣→interests change 变化→changesmember 成员→members painting 油画→paintings bus 公共汽车→buses fox 狐狸→foxes coach 教练→coaches bush 灌木丛→bushes 注意:stomach(胃部)等词的复数形式是在词尾直接加 s 。

(3) 词尾是辅音字母+y 时,变 y 为 i 再加 es 。

enemy 敌人→enemies hobby 业余爱好→hobbies difficulty 困难→difficulties 词尾是元音字母+y 时,直接加 s 。

guy 家伙→guys key 钥匙→keys(4) 词尾是f 或fe 时,多将 f 或fe 变为 ves 。

shelf 架子→shelves knife 刀子→knives wolf 狼→wolves calf 牛犊→calves housewife 家庭主妇→housewives(5) 词尾是 o 的名词,有些直接加s ,有些加 es 。

piano 钢琴→pianos photo 相片→photos zoo 动物园→zoos bamboo 竹子→bamboos tomato 番茄→tomatoes potato 土豆→potatoes 实录:名词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语以及称呼语,但不能作谓语。

1818 专题一名词和冠词第1 页(共8 页)小学数学资料群:271730239,小学奥数群:221739457,中考数学群:579251397,初中奥数学生群:253736211,初中奥数教练群112464128,中考物理群:227284641,初中物理竞赛群:271751304,中考化学名词单数变复数,直接加-s 占多数;s,x,z,ch,sh 来结尾,直接加上-es;词尾是f 或fe,加-s 之前先变ve;辅母+y 在词尾,把y 变i 再加-es;词尾字母若是o,常用三个已足够,要加-es 请记好,hero, tomato, potato。

英语语法(名词和冠词)

英语语法(名词和冠词)

冠词知识点总结一、概念冠词是虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义。

冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类。

二、不定冠词的用法1)表示“一个”,意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。

A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.2)代表一类人或物。

A knife is a tool for cutting with.3)词组或成语。

a little / a few / a lot / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep aneye on / all of a sudden三、定冠词的用法1)特指双方都明白的人或物:Take the medicine.2)上文提到过的人或事:He bought a house. I’ve been to the house.3)指世上独一无二的事物:the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar ; the fox ;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich; the living 。

5)用在序数词和形容词的最高级形式及形容词only, very, same等前面:Where do you live? I live on the second floor.6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师)They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:She caught me by the arm.8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级等专有名词前:he People’s Republic of China9)用在表示乐器的名词之前: She plays the piano.10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人(或夫妇俩):the Greens11) 用在惯用语中:in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrowthe day before yesterday, the next morning,in the sky (water,field,country)in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,in the middle (of), in the end,on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre四、零冠词的用法1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary;2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;They are teachers.3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;Failure is the mother of success.4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;Man cannot live without water.5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;We go to school from Monday to Friday.6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;The guards took the American to General Lee.7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词如:have breakfast,play chess8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;I can’t write without pen or pencil.9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;如:by bus,by train;10)有些个体名词不用冠词;如:school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town, church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;go to hospital11)不用冠词的序数词;a. 序数词前有物主代词That’s his thirtieth birthday.b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race.c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first, first of all, from first to last常见考法1.名词前不定冠词的用法;2.不用冠词的特殊情况;3对冠词与主谓一致的考查;4.定冠词与形容词、分词连用表一类人;5.冠词与姓氏的连用;6.有无冠词的意义及区别;7.冠词与such, so how, what等词的位置关系。

最新高三英语高考英语语法课件:名词与冠词

最新高三英语高考英语语法课件:名词与冠词

注1:fishes指不同种类的鱼,people是集体名词“人(民)” peoples指民族 注2:以ese结尾的国籍名词,如Chinese, Japanese为单复数同形
4)有些名词经常以复数形式出现,这些名词中有的表示 由两部分构成的东西(A),有的是以ing收尾的词(B), 也有一些其他的情形(C), 例如: A)scissors 剪刀, trousers 裤子,pants 裤子,shorts 短裤, jeans 工装裤,compasses 两脚规,scales 天平,glasses 眼镜。 B)belongings 所有物,surroundings 环境,greetings 致敬 doings 行为,savings 储蓄,findings 调查结果,shavings 刨花, earnings 挣的钱,sweepings 扫拢的垃圾。
baby----babies family---families pony-----ponies小马 city---cities country ---countries
注:以下以f或fe结尾的,直接加 roof---roofs gulf---gulfs 湾 chief---chiefs belief---beliefs proof---proofs safe---safes 保险箱 cliff---cliffs reef –reefs 暗礁 brief –briefs 纲要 注:handkerchief ---handkerchiefs / handkerchieves staff—staffs职员----stafves棒杖 (5) 以辅音字母+O结尾的,多数+es hero negro黑人 tomato potato echo 回声;回响[C][U] buffalo水牛,(北美)野牛 注:以元音字母+O结尾的,以及某些以O结尾的外来词,变成 复数只加S bamboo , zoo, radio , tobacoo , two , studio工作室, Piano, kilo,photo ,kangaroo袋鼠 (6)有的名词有两种复数形式。如:zero — zeros 、zeroes, volcano

高考英语复习知识点:冠词和名词

高考英语复习知识点:冠词和名词

高考英语复习知识点:冠词和名词单项填空对名词的考察重点放在名词词义辨析,特别是同义词和近义词的辨析上。

名词的习惯用法、一词多义、抽象名词具体化,名词动用等方面也是考察的重点。

以下是店铺为大家编辑的英语学习方法文章,仅供考生参考,欢迎大家阅读!高考英语复习知识点:名词研究近年来高考题我们不难看出,名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。

在高考试题中,名词常结合其他项目一起考察,考察题型以单项选择、短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解、及写作部分等。

一、对同义词、近义词的考查1、At the meeting they discussed three different_______to the study of mathematics。

A.approachesB.meansC.methodsD.ways【答案】D。

【解析】在会议上他们讨论了三种不同的学习数学的方法。

way 意为方式,方法,可指具体的方法,也可指抽象的方法,多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法,也可指个人特殊的方式、方法。

approach 意为接近,靠近,方式,方法,指接近某人或某事,也可指对待或处理事情的方式或方法。

mean意为方式,方法,用于抽象意义,可指为达到某一目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等,尤指整套方法;用于具体意义,常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。

method意为方式,方法,指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法,强调条理性及高效率。

【备考提示】面对英语学习中的大量近义词,仅凭母语我们往往无法把它们真正理解和解释清楚。

要尽可能地多翻阅英语词典,注意并比较它们的基本义,用英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理解它们。

二、对相似词的考查2、Always read the_______on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanationsB. instructionsC. descriptionsD. introductions【答案】B。

高中英语语法讲解一 冠词和名词

高中英语语法讲解一 冠词和名词

高中英语语法讲解一 冠词和名词1.冠词和名词一、不定冠词a(an)的主要用法A. 不定冠词a(an)用于单数可数名词前。

表示one 概念。

eg. ①a girl 一位女孩 ②an English bookB. 不定冠词用来表示类别,指某一类人或某一类事物中的一个。

eg. ① His father is a doctor. ② I work in a middle school in Beijing.C. 不定冠词用于表示时间、速度或价格等意义的名词之前,表示单位,译为“每一”。

eg.① The rent is $100 a week.D. 指某人或某物,意为a certain ,常用在第一次提到某人或某物时。

eg. ① A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 有位姓凌的先生在等你。

E. 用于抽象名词前,表示抽象名词具体化。

(success,difficulty, failure,help, beauty, comfort,danger, pride, honor, pleasure,pity)eg. ① What a pleasant surprise you brought us. F. 表示“一次”、“一场”、“一段”等“一……”的概念,常与动词连用构成短语,名词前常有形容词修饰。

eg. ① have a good time ,have a wonderful supper ,have a good knowledge/understanding of ;have a population of ,have an income of ,cover an area of ,reach a height of 。

② have a good time ,have a wonderful supper ,have a good knowledge/understanding of ;have a population of ,have an income of ,cover an area of ,reach a height of 。

英语名词与冠词的用法归纳

英语名词与冠词的用法归纳

英语名词与冠词的用法归纳一、名词的基本用法名词是指用来表示人、事、物、地点等具体或抽象概念的词语。

在英语语法中,名词有一些基本的用法,包括单数形式、复数形式、所有格等。

1. 单数形式名词的单数形式用来表示一个人、事物或概念。

例如:cat(猫)、book(书)、idea(想法)等。

2. 复数形式名词的复数形式用来表示多个人、事物或概念。

通常在名词的末尾加上's'或'es'来表示复数。

例如:cats(猫们)、books(书们)、ideas (想法们)等。

3. 所有格名词的所有格形式用来表示所属关系或归属关系。

通常在名词的末尾加上"'s"或"'"来表示所有格。

例如:John's book(约翰的书)、the dog's tail(狗的尾巴)等。

二、冠词的用法冠词是用来限定名词的词语,包括不定冠词"a"和"an",以及定冠词"the"。

1. 不定冠词"a"和"an"不定冠词"a"和"an"用来表示泛指或不确定的人、事物或概念。

通常用"a"来修饰以辅音音素开头的单数名词,用"an"来修饰以元音音素开头的单数名词。

例如:a cat(一只猫)、an apple(一个苹果)等。

2. 定冠词"the"定冠词"the"用来表示特指或已知的人、事物或概念。

它可以修饰单数名词、复数名词以及不可数名词。

例如:the cat(那只猫)、the books(那些书)等。

三、名词与冠词的特殊用法除了基本的名词和冠词用法之外,还有一些特殊的用法需要注意。

1. 特指某个领域或行业的名词在某些特定的领域或行业中,名词前面会使用定冠词"the"来表示该领域或行业的特定事物。

高中英语中名词、冠词和介词的用法

高中英语中名词、冠词和介词的用法

介词
一、介词的概述:
介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词,不能单独作句子成分, 必须与它后面的名词或代词构成介词短语,才能 在句子中充当一个成分。
介词是英语中一个十分活跃的词类,也是一个最 少规律可循的词类,几乎每一个介词都可以用 来表达多种不同的含义;而不同的介词往往又 有十分相似的用法。因此,要学好介词,最好 的方法就是通过广泛的阅读去揣摩,比较和归 纳介词的用法,方能收到良好的效果。
The new film will last two hours. 7. 作同位语
Mr Wang , our headmaster gave us a talk yesterday. 8. 作呼语
Boys and girls, look at the blackboard.
冠词
一、冠词概述:
冠词是一种虚词,放在名词 的前面,帮助说明名词的含 义,不能离开名词而单独存 在。
1. 作主语 The bag is mine.
2. 作表语 This is an apple.
3. 作宾语 Would you like some coffee?
4. 作补语 We made him monitor of our class.
5. 作定语
We will meet at the school gate. 6. 作状语
四、名词所有格
概述: 所有格表示所有关系,修饰另一名 词,作定语。
形式:由名词词尾加’s构成,多用来表示有生 命的东西.如: Mike’s pen , the boy’s mother 由介词of + 名词构成,多用来表示无生 命的东西. 如: the name of the book
名词所有格的几个要点:

高三英语名词冠词复习(2019年12月整理)

高三英语名词冠词复习(2019年12月整理)
高中英语语法总复习
大庆市第四中学 徐微
一、名词
专有名词
名词 普通名词
个体名词 集体名词 (可数名词) 物质名词 抽象名词 (不可数名词)
(一)可数名词与不可数名词
1. 可数名词表示复数时,可以跟 few,
a few, many, a great / good many, a large number of 等连用。 2. 不可数名词只能和 little, a little,
2、不规则变化 ① 改变元音: foot—feet, tooth—teeth man—men,mouse—mice ② 词尾变化: child-children,ox-oxen ③ 单复数同形:
Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish, means (手段) ④ 形式上是复数,意义上是单数:
physics, politics, news, the United States,
the United Nations
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
⑤ 形式上是单数,意义上是复数: people, youth, police, cattle
⑥ 只有复数形式: shoes, trousers, glasses, thanks,ashes, clothes,goods
knife—knives, leaf—leaves ④ 以o结尾加s/es:
tomatoes, potatoes,radios ⑤ 变y为i再加~es:
city—cities boy—boys(不变)
加~es:
; https:///

xx集团内部控制制度全集 二零零二年一月 目 录 第一篇 内部控制的基础4- 第一章 总则1- 第二章 机构及岗位职责3- 第三章 内部控制方

高中英语名词和冠词讲义

高中英语名词和冠词讲义

主谓一致
6、there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如: There is a table and four chairs in the room
7、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如: Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow
名词的单复数
(3)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:
the Greens( 格林一家人)。
3.单复数同形的名词,如:
fish, deer, sheep, youth, Chinese, Japanese, means, species, crossroads, series, works, li(里), yuan(元), mu(亩)等
主谓一致
3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用 单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院 子里有一些绵羊) 4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数: The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋) 5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形 式,故谓语用复数。如: The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便 宜,我想买)
4.合成名词构成复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为 复数,如果没有主体名词,则将最后一个部分变为复数,如:

2020高考英语语法专题一 名词和冠词

2020高考英语语法专题一 名词和冠词
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高考雷达 考点归纳
3.双重所有格 所谓双重所有格就是指将-’s所有格与of所有格结合起来一起 使用。 a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友 a photo of Mr Smith’s 史密斯先生的一张照片
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高考雷达 考点归纳
考点三 常见名词后缀 1.动词变名词的后缀
teach→teacher 老师
-er/-or/-ar
announce→announcer 播音员 conduct→conductor 指挥;售票员
beg→beggar 乞丐
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高考雷达 考点归纳
后缀 -ment
-ance/-ence -ing
例词
achieve→achievement 功绩;成就 argue→argument 辩论;论据 punish→punishment 惩罚 equip→equipment 装备;设备 perform→performance 表演;节目 appear→appearance 出现;外貌 exist→existence 存在;生存 prefer→preference 偏爱 hear→hearing 听力;听觉 begin→beginning 开始
-16-
高考雷达 考点归纳
后缀 -ure/-ture -y 其他
例词
press→pressure 压力 fail→failure 失败;没做到 mix→mixture 混合;混合物 depart→departure 离开;出发 recover→recovery 恢复;痊愈 discover→discovery 发现 choose→choice 选择 vary→variety 多样化;种类 tend→tendency 趋向;趋势

高考英语_名词和冠词

高考英语_名词和冠词

2.不可数名词常用(a) little,much,a great deal of等修饰,可数名词常用(a) few, many,a number of等修饰。a lot of,lots of,plenty of可修饰可数名词和不可数 名词。 3.抽象名词具体化 具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事,具体指特定的某一件事时,这一抽 象名词可作为可数名词。 difficulty困难;a difficulty一件难事 failure失败;a failure一个失败者;一件失败的事 success成功;a success一位成功者;一件成功的事 surprise惊奇;a surprise一件令人吃惊的事 honour荣誉; an honour一位带来荣誉的人,一件带来荣誉的事 Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
appear→appearance出现/外表 perform→performance履行
resist→resistance抵制
guide→guidance指导
enter→entrance进入
insure→insurance保险
assist→assistance帮助
endure→endurance/tolerate—tolerance忍受
④有些名词的单数形式和复数形式表示不同的意思。如:arm手臂/arms武器; cloth布/clothes衣服;content内容/contents目录;custom风俗;习惯/ customs海关;force力量/forces武装部队;good好事、好处/goods货物; green绿色/greens蔬菜;interest兴趣/interests利益、爱好;look看/ looks外貌;manner态度、方式/manners礼貌;pain痛苦/pains辛苦;paper 纸/papers论文、报纸、文件;people人们/peoples民族;sand沙/sands沙滩; time时间/times次数、时代;thing东西、事情/things形势;word单词,消息/ words话语;work工作/works工厂、著作;wood木头/woods树林。

高考高考英语真题分项详解 专题10 名词和冠词高三全册英语试题

高考高考英语真题分项详解 专题10 名词和冠词高三全册英语试题

定额市鞍钢阳光实验学校专题10 名词和冠词【】1.(2020·新课标I卷)The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山),more so than the familiar near side.【答案】interest【解析】考查名词。

句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。

根据空前的形容词particular可知,空处应填名词,interest是不可数名词,be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。

故填interest。

2.(2020·新课标I卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.【答案】将chopstick改为chopsticks【解析】考查名词复数。

句意:下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里,然后用筷子快速搅拌。

chopstick是可数名词,意为“筷子”,通常以复数形式出现,故将chopstick改为chopsticks。

3.(2020·新课标II卷)Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.【答案】celebration【解析】考查名词。

句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。

不定冠词a后接名词形式。

故填celebration。

4.(2020·新课标II卷)Luckily,I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.【答案】将vacations改为vacation【解析】考查不可数名词。

高考英语冠词用法全解

高考英语冠词用法全解

三、零冠词的惯用法
1、在季节、月份、星期、节假日、学科、三餐和球、棋类名词前。如:
Spring follows winter.冬去春来。 We have few classes on Saturday. He studies biology at university. 比较:They came to Beijing in the winter of 1997. This happened on a Sunday toward the end of June. 这件是发生在六月末的一个星期天。 We had a wonderful lunch in the home of Mr Wang.
5、单数可数名词前不用a (n) 的情况:
(1)连系动词turn后的单数可数名词作表语时。 After graduation from college he turned teacher (became a teacher). 大学毕业后,他成了一名教师。 (2)Child as/though he is, he knows a lot. 但:Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 尽管他是个小孩,但却懂得很多。 (3)man意为“人类‘, word意为”消息“时,其前不用冠词。例: Word came that the Chinese Women Football Team won the second prize in World Cup.
二、the的惯用法
1、用在姓氏复数形式前,表示一家人。如: The Greens are at table. 格林一家正在吃饭。 The Chens will move to Nanjing. 陈的一家要搬到南京去。 2、用在年代、朝代、时代名词前。 the Tang dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period, in the 1870’s 在19世纪70年代 3、用在作为课程或演奏等的乐器名称前。 He plays the violin but gives lessons on the piano. 他是拉小提琴的,但是他教钢琴课。 但We have a piano in our house. 我们家有一架钢琴。 4、用在表示单位的名词前。如: I have hired the car by the hour. 我已按小时租车。 Eggs are sold by the dozen. 鸡蛋论打卖 by the day (month) 按日(月) by the yard (foot) 按码(英尺) 5、用在方向名词和某些表示时间的名词前。如: on the right/left 在右/左边 in the east 在东边 the other day几天前 in the daytime在白天 in the end最后 6、用于表示物质环境—我们周围的世界和气候,或我们生活中其他常见的特点的词组。 用the表示所谈之物是人人都熟悉的。如: the country乡村 the fog雾 the sea 海 the seaside海滨 the night 夜 the sunshine阳关 the universe 宇宙 the future未来

英语名词与冠词

英语名词与冠词

英语语法——名词与冠词来源:普特英语名词一.定义什么是名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词,叫做名词。

如:baby 婴儿time 时间pencil 铅笔socialism 社会主义air 空气Shanghai 上海二.名词的种类英语名词可分为两大类:1.普通名词(common noun)普通名词是某一类人、某一类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。

如:soldier 士兵water 水pupil 学生health 健康machine 机器pleasure 快乐2.专有名词(proper noun)专有名词是个别的人、团体、地方、机构或事物的名称。

其中实词的第一个字母必须大写。

如:Lei Feng 雷锋Karl Marx 卡尔?马克思London 伦敦China 中国The Communist Party of China中国共产党The Great Hall of the People人民大会堂The Ministry of Foreign Affairs外交部1.1普通名词的种类普通名词可进一步分为:1)类名词(class noun)类名词表示人或事物属于某一类。

如:tractor 拖拉机panda 熊猫factory 工厂teacher 教员2)集体名词(collective noun)集体名词是一些人或物的总称。

如:class 阶级,班herd 兽群crowd 人群army 军队3)物质名词(material noun)物质名词表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的实物。

如:steel 钢gram 粮食fire 火cotton 棉花4)抽象名词(abstract noun)抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。

如:happiness 幸福life 生活work 工作whiteness 白色三.名词的数名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)。

高中英语的名词和冠词

高中英语的名词和冠词

题组训练·冠词填空 1.I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. 2.The teacher asked us to write an 800-word-long composition. 3.Christmas is a special holiday when the whole family are supposed t o get together. 2.含有不定冠词的常考短语 have a cold得了感冒 have a good time玩得高兴 have a gift for有……的天赋 have a word with与……谈话 have/take a rest休息一下 have a holiday度假 make a living谋生
表语 补语
She is a lovely girl. Everyone elected him monitor.
定语
We will have a meeting on Friday evening.
(二)英语名词作定语的三种形式
作定语的名词往往是说明中心名词的材料、用途、时间、 地点、内容、类别等。作定语的名词有以下三种形式
表示“性质、 able—ability能力
状态”
honest—honesty诚实
后缀
-ance -ence -ancy -ency -age
-ship -dom
-ure
意义
例词
表示“性质、状态或行 accept—acceptance接受
为”
exist—existence存在
expect—expectancy期望
jewelry 珠宝

高考英语语法语法系统讲解之一名词和冠词

高考英语语法语法系统讲解之一名词和冠词

高中英语语法系统讲解之一名词和冠词名词一. 名词的分类1. 普通名词:○1个体名词,如man,woman,desk,pencil 一般可数,○2集体名词,如class,family,police,army 有单、复数形式。

○3物质名词,如meat,rice,cotton,iron 一般不可数,○4抽象名词,如life,help,happiness,sadness 没有单、复数之分。

2. 专有名词,如England,Shanghai,London,Smith,Karl Marx二. 名词的数1. 可数名词单复数变化形式可数名词是表示可以计数的人、事物的名词。

可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式,有些词单复数形式相同。

单数变复数有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

○1规则变化A. 单数名词词尾直接加-s。

如bo y—boys,pe n—pens。

B.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词一般加-es。

如glas s—glasses,bo x—boxes,watch—watches。

C. 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的词变y为i再加-es。

如baby—babies,lady—ladies。

D.以o结尾的词有些加-es。

如tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes,hero—heroes。

以“元音+ o”或“oo”结尾的词和一些以“o”结尾的外来词只加-s。

如radi o—radios,zoo—zoos,photo—photos,piano—pianos,kilo—kilos,tobacco—tobaccos。

E. 以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f或fe为v,再加-es。

如wif e—wives,life—lives,knife—knives,wolf—wolves,self—selves,leaf—leaves。

特例:handkerchie f—handkerchiefs或handkerchives,roof—roofs,chief—chiefs,gulf—gulfs,belief—beliefs,cliff—cliffs。

高考英语语法考情分析7:名词、冠词和代词

高考英语语法考情分析7:名词、冠词和代词

高考英语语法考情分析7:名词、冠词和代词考情分析名词是高考英语的考察的重点,高考试题主要侧重于对形近名词、意近名词的辨析以及对名词的固定搭配的考查,在语法填空中重点考察名词单复数、不可数名词、名词所有格和词性转化,预测在今后的高考中还将延续这样的命题特点。

冠词的考察主要集中在定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词和冠词的固定搭配上,冠词一般在语法填空考1题。

需要考生在平时学习中进行归纳整理和记忆。

高考真题对代词的考查一般是1-2道题。

对代词的考查主要集中在人称代词的主宾格,物主代词(形物代和名物代),反身代词,不定代词上,考生要特别注意both, all, either, any, neither, none, something, anything, someone, everyone 等的基本用法。

其他代词,如it的用法也是考查的重点。

指示代词在高考的考查范围中。

预测在今后的高考中,人称代词的用法以及反身代词的常见搭配, 不定代词的辨析仍将是考查的重点。

01真题感悟真题感悟1.(2021年全国乙卷·69) ________(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.答案:Activities解析:考查名词复数。

空格中所填单词在句中作主语,由句中from whale watching to hiking可知,这里指各种各样的活动,需用activity的复数形式。

2.(2021年八省联考·65) A________ (student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or her education first.答案:student’s解析:考查名词所有格。

高考英语名词与冠词专题练习(含答案)

高考英语名词与冠词专题练习(含答案)

高考英语名词与冠词专题练习(含答案)1.When you enter a hotel, the top is to find out where all the available exit routes are in case you need to get out in an emergency.A.privilege B.priorityC.preference D.principle2.The health of garden plants depends on the soil —the proper balance of mineral pieces, organic matter, air, and water.A.construction B.conservationC.corporation D.composition3.The audience burst into laughter because of the of the tongue from the ho st, who said, “Good ladies, evening and gentlemen.”A.slip B.slideC.seal D.spit4.Mo Yan, a most widely-read writer,takes a complete new to describing China’s rural and folk culture.A.way B.approachC.passage D.entry5.Music grows and evolves through the of different cultures and styles.A.interaction B.competitionC.connection D.interpretation6..She was admitted to college and she had to make some and learn to lead an independent life there.A.progress B.adjustmentC.difference D.assessment7.The survey shows that the US is still a favorite for studying abroad.A.opportunity B.destinationC.challenge D.qualification8.—Mr. Smith, when can I go to America?—I’ve made a for you on the morning flight.A.regulation B.presentationC.reservation D.contribution9.Many people think that the sentence of death is too severe a(n) for any crime.A.defeat B.treatmentC.punishment D.injury10.W hen asked what is the of happiness, different people will give different a nswers.A.habit B.sourceC.origin D.resource11.Though spending much time on events out of their control, they felt some to be at an advantage finally.A.amazement B.reliefC.curiosity D.nervousness12.Finding information in today’s world is easy.The is how you can tell whether the information you get is useful or not.A.knowledge B.abilityC.competition D.challenge13.It is astonishing what you can do with chocolate if you have enough of it.Give full play to yourand have a try!A.imagination B.puzzlementC.attention D.qualification14.The patient’s family has expressed their to the press in letters for the money raised.A.purpose B.apologiesC.gratitude D.sympathy15.When you cast a for others, you help them see their potential and their possibilities.A.glance B.doubtC.shadow D.vision16.The of cultures between Europeans and the Romanies led to many nations taking action against them.A.cooperation B.similarityC.convention D.collision17.As is often the case, teachers’with parents involve complaints about children’s misbehavi ors and laziness in school.A.acquaintances B.negotiationsC.conferences D.consultations18.For sustainable development, the government has decided to give to those energy-conserving and environment-friendly businesses in many aspects.A.permission B.profitC.preference D.phenomenon19.The local authorities provide every college student this year with an annual of 4,000 yuan for food and tuition fees.A.award B.admissionC.allowance D.acquisition20 .In Beijing opera, performers are required to paint their faces in patterns and colors to help show the and depths of the characters’ personalities.A.dimensions B.certificatesC.occupations D.consciences21.Many parents received a message about the class because of hazy days in Beijing.A.inspection B.suspensionC.anticipation D.participation22.As a qualified lawyer, he must always consider the best interests of his.A.clients B.colleaguesC.organizations D.companions23.Many people tend to assume that just means creating something new, but actually it’s more than that—it’s an attitude of doing things.A.imitation B.imaginationC.innovation D.inspiration24.When you think of “a life without limits” you have a(n) to think that you can do anything.A.opportunity B.situationC.tendency D.advantage25.Having a regular bedtime is something people can do to lower their risk of becoming overweight.A.arrangement B.activityC.trend D.routine26.A trip to the forest park is a wonderful of my happy childhood,when I had no end of fun with my playmates.A.adventure B.celebrationC.reminder D.attraction27.She has a for literature and reading classic books or articles has become part of her routine.A.talent B.passionC.requirement D.reputation28.—The rapid of our city has caused many social and economic problems.—That’s true.Our city is bigger than before, but our life isn’t as quiet as before.A.exploration B.expansionC.explosion D.evolution29..He was faced with the of whether to go abroad for further study or find a job to support his family after he graduated from college.A.contrast B.differenceC.adjustment D.dilemma30 .W hat I know is that I should sell healthy fruit to my customers, which is to say, I should follow my.A.conscience B.dreamC.nose D.passion31.I often have chat with my friends on phone in my spare time.A.a;the B.the;/C.the;the D.a;/32.Health care workers are at the risk of getting infectious diseases because of their to patients.A.exposure B.discriminationC.guidance D.response33.If you want to see a doctor,y ou fix a date with him ahead of time.That is a common in the USA.A.view B.exerciseC.practice D.reality34.In 2013,Beijing adopted an emergency program for air pollution.A.behavior B.actionC.response D.situationually the Player of the Year title is given to a big name from the best team.But this time there is a(n).A.break B.improvementC.exception D.tradition36.The fear of failing exams can cause you to panic and stress can be a(n) to your performance at school.A.solution B.invitationC.block D.access37.Although war still exists on our planet,I do believe it’s possible for different ethnic groups to live together in .A.agreement B.harmonyC.connection D.comparison38.Unfortunately,stone hit him on head and he got injured.A.the;a B.a;/C.a;the D.the;the39.I prefer writing letters to talking on phone.A.the;a B./;theC.the;the D./;a40.It was a difficult job for him.He had tried everything but it made little .A.use B.goodC.difference D.result41.This is our contribution to world of the 21st century,world of independence and mutual understanding.A.the;a B./;aC.a;the D.the;/42.For the final of our journey,we decided to take the coach.A.leg B.roundC.distance D.path43.Jianbing,one of the most popular snacks in China,appeals to almost everyone in America and has become new food there.A.usual B.hitC.common D.success44.My neighbor Molly is very kind-hearted.She usually volunteers to help poor in our community out of sympathy.A./;the B.the;/C.a;the D.the;the45.Time and time again she was warned of the of her action.A.effects B.resultsC.importance D.consequences46.I don’t fully understand what you said,but I have got rough idea of plan.A.a;/ B./;theC.a;the D.the;the47.It is important to pay your electricity bill on time,as late payments may affect your .A.condition B.incomeC.credit D.status48.When the captain found the ship was rapidly sinking,he ordered his men to send out a for help.A.signal B.signC.symbol D.signature49..O ne of most common illnesses in our society is “time sickness”,sense of time pressure and hurry that causes anxiety and tension.A./;a B./;theC.the;a D.the;the50.True happiness does not lie in the of money,but the joy of achievement.A.possession B.professionC.permission D.persuasion高考押题专练1.When you enter a hotel, the top is to find out where all the available exit routes are in case you need to get out in an emergency.A.privilege B.priorityC.preference D.principle【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。

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第一讲名词和冠词命题者说:名词的考查主要包括名词的辨析、单复数、名词的固定搭配、名词的格、名词在特殊语境中的应用、名词的熟词生义等。

名词词义辨析(Ⅰ) 示之以范1.(2019·江苏卷)Nowadays the ________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A.priority B.Potential C.proportion D.pension2.(2018·江苏卷)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the ________ you’ve made.A.assignment B.association C.acquisition D.assumptionⅡ通关点击名词词义辨析主要考查考生对基本词汇的掌握程度和名词在具体语境中的运用。

常见考查形式有:异义词辨析、同义词辨析和近义词辨析。

在做题时,先弄清题中每个名词的意义及用法,然后根据语境选择符合句意的名词。

常考的几组名词辨析有:1.cause,reason,excuse2.award,reward,prize3.sight,view,scene,scenery4.anger,rudeness,regret,panic5.condition,situation,state,position6.reputation,influence,impression,attention7.expectation,reputation,contribution,civilization8.accommodation,occupation,adaptation,appreciation在高考词义辨析题中,有一种“熟词生义”题型,即题目中所填的词是考生所熟悉的,但所考查的含义却是不常见的。

这就要求考生在掌握单词基本词义的基础上,善于结合不同的语境去体会、感悟单词的含义。

常用名词的熟义和生义名词熟义生义failure 失败;故障衰弱,减退performance 表演,演出表现;成绩strength 体力,力量优势,长处point 点;要点;地点意义honor 荣誉;信用尊重form 形式表格cause 原因事业practice 实践;练习惯例,常规做法knowledge 知识知道,了解Ⅲ变式训练1.(天津卷)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight ________ of rain later tonight.A.effect B.sense C.change D.chance2.(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)Widespread ________ about the worsening of environment caused by abandoned plastics has led Collins to name “single­use”as its English­language Word of the Year.A.doubt B.concern C.complaint D.confusion名词的搭配1.(2019·天津卷)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways.A.statement B.impact C.impression D.judgment2.(江苏卷)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push­ups too to stay ________.A.in place B.in order C.in shape D.in fashion高考考查名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类:“介词+名词”和“动词+名词”。

常考的名词短语:(1)out of one’s reach在某人够不到的地方beyond recognition 无法辨认in great demand 需求量很大in progress 在进行中out of question 不成问题;无疑of great value(=very valuable) 非常有价值的(2)have/gain access to 可以获得gain/have an advantage over 胜过,优于take advantage of 利用,趁……之机pay attention to 注意make the best of 充分利用,妥善处理find fault with 挑……的错;吹毛求疵keep pace with 与……同步put an end to 结束……take notice of 注意到take...into account 考虑……catch sight of 看见have a good reputation 有个好名声make a difference 有影响;有关系下列固定搭配中名词用复数形式:make preparations for为……做准备;take pains to do 尽力,刻苦;make (both) ends meet使收支相抵;take turns to do轮流;be in high spirits兴致勃勃;make repairs修理;burst into tears放声大哭;in all directions向四面八方。

1.(浙江卷)Most people work because it’s unavoidable.________,there are some people who actually enjoy work.A.As a result B.In addition C.By contrast D.In conclusion 2.(湖北卷)When he was running after his brother,the boy lost his ________ and had a bad fall.A.balance B.chance C.memory D.place抽象名词具体化(山东卷)Being able to afford _____drink would be ________comfort in those tough times.A.the;the B.a;a C.a;不填D.不填;a抽象名词是表示状态、品质、情感等的名词,通常不与不定冠词连用。

但是,当这些抽象名词表示具体概念时,前面可加不定冠词,用来表示具体的人或物。

常译为“一次……的事;一个……的人;一种……东西”。

常见的此类名词:单词抽象名词具体化名词意义success 成功成功的人或事pleasure 乐趣令人高兴的事attraction 吸引有吸引力的人或事物beauty 美;美丽美丽的人或事物comfort 安慰;慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger 危险危险的人或因素delight 高兴令人高兴的事failure 失败失败的人或事surprise 惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock 震惊令人震惊的事情experience 经验经历Ⅲ变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升1.We need an effective strategy to help children living in________ poverty to have the opportunity to receive________good education.A.the;/B.the;a C./;/ D./;a2.(2019·南京十校模拟)Life for________disabled in Uganda is difficult,but for children it can be ________ shock that can never be overcome.A.a;the B.不填;a C.a;不填D.the;a不定冠词的用法1.(2017·浙江卷6月)For Pahlsson, its return was a wonder.2.(全国卷Ⅱ)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for a while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.1.在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a,在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。

a university, a useful animal, a one-eyed dog, a European car, an hour, an honest boy, an X-ray, an ugly man, an honor等。

I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier.作为一名超市收银员我每小时挣10美元。

2.不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前,泛指一个人或一个事物。

They found an apartment in America. They were there for only a month.他们在美国找到一个公寓,在那里待了仅仅一个月。

3.表示泛指。

说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。

At that time, I was working in a factory. The factory produces car parts.那时,我在一家工厂工作。

那家工厂生产各种汽车部件。

4.表示量指。

不定冠词表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one强烈。

As the old saying goes, “Rome was not built in a day.”常言道,冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。

5.“a(n)+序数词”表示“又一,再一”;“a most+形容词”表示“非常,很”。

He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌,但是,在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。

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