各种状语从句及练习

北京四中

从句（二）

状语从句

状语从句就是一种作状语用得从句，修饰主句中得动词、形容词、副词或修饰全句，补充说明时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、状态等。

㈠时间状语从句：

通常用下列从属连词引导：

when, while, as, before, after, since（自从…以来）, till (until), as soon as(刚一…马上就…), once(一旦), whenever等。

如：

①I’ll give the note to him as soon as I see him、

我一瞧见她就马上把这条子给她。

②The first bell was already ringing before she got to the school gate、

她走到学校大门之前，头遍铃已经响了。

③I’ll go and see her after I get the new dress、

我买到新衣服之后要去瞧她。

④I won’t go home until I have finished my homework、

我直到做完作业再回家。

⑤As you study a globe, you may notice that most of the large land areas are connected、

当您研究地球仪时，您会注意到多数大块陆地就是相连得。

⑥Once he understood, he did what he was told to do、

一旦她明白了，她就按照吩咐得去做。

⑦When clothes are washed, they don’t get dry very easily、

洗了得衣服不容易干。

⑧He has read a lot since he was a child、

她从小时候起已经读了许多书。

⑨I’ll discuss the problem with you whenever you are free、

无论您什么时间有空，我就同您讨论这个问题。

◆the moment/ minute/ second, immediately, directly等副词式连词也可引导时间状语从句，意为“一…就…”，相当于as soon as, 此时前面不可再加连词，也

不可加at, in, on等介词。

如：

①I went home directly I had finished work、

我一干完活就回家了。

②Please phone me immediately you get home、

您一到家就给我打个电话。

③I loved her the moment I saw her、

我一瞧见她就爱上了她。

④I want to see him the minute he arrives、

她一来到我就要见她。

* hardly …when…与no sooner…than…得意义相当于as soon as, 也可引起时间状语从句，但只能用过去时，即从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用过去完成时。

如：

①I had hardly fallen asleep when I felt a soft touch on my elbow、

= Hardly had I fallen asleep when I felt a soft touch on my elbow、

我刚一睡着就觉得有人轻轻碰了碰我得胳膊肘。

②I had no sooner come home than it began to snow、

= No sooner had I come home that it began to snow、

我刚一到家天就开始下起雪来了。

◆ every time, each time, by the time, soon after, shortly after等表示时间得短语也可作为连词使用，引导时间状语从句，此时前面也常不再加连词。

如：

①Each time he comes to Baoding, he comes to see me、

每一次她来保定得时候都来瞧我。

②You grow younger every time I see you、

我每一次见到您得时候您都显得更年轻。

③Shortly after he took office, the Southern States rebelled、

她任职之后不久，南方各州就叛乱了。

④By the time he was fourteen years old, he had taught himself advanced mathematics from textbooks、

到十四岁得时候，她已自学了课本上得高等数学。

◆until 与not until:

当主句中得动词就是延续性动词时，常用：…until…, 表示主句得动作延续

到从句表示得动作发生或完成为止。

如：

①Jim stayed up until his mother came back last night、

昨晚吉姆一直熬夜到她母亲回来。

②I waited until he had finished his work、

我一直等到她做完工作。

当主句中得动词就是非延续性动词时，常用：not…until…, 表示“直到…才…”

如：

①Jim didn’t go to bed until his mother came back last night、

昨晚吉姆直到她母亲回来才睡觉。

②I won’t stop shouting until you let me go、

直到您放我走我才停止喊叫。

* not until 置于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。

如：

Not until his mother came back did Jim go to bed、

吉姆直到她母亲回来才睡觉。

* not until 也可用于强调句型：

It is/was not until …that…

如：

It was not until his mother came back that Jim went to bed、

吉姆直到她母亲回来才睡觉。

◆ before从属连词，“在…之前”，但在具体得句子中，译法多种多样。

表示“…才…” “没来得及…就” “…后…才…”

如：

①He measured me before I could get in a word、

没等我插上一句话她就给我量好了尺寸。

②She was angry before I could explain to her、

我还没来得及向她解释，她就生气了。

③He asked a second question before I could answer the first question、

我还没来得及回答第一个问题，她又问了一个问题。

④I hadn’t waited long before he came、

我没等多久她就来了。

⑤We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot、