高考英语语法填空题解题技巧与方法

高考英语语法填空技巧与方法
解题策略与技巧
1. 通读全文，把握大意。

既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前，应快速浏览短文，把握全文大意，这一步非常重要。

2. 结合语境，试填空格。

读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的结构和意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。

具体来说，可按设题类型分为三类情况：
3. 重读全文，解决难题。

在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大部分空格填好后，再经过仔细推敲，难题也就不会再难了。

所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。

一、纯空格试题的解题技巧。

首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。

然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。

确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧：
技巧1：缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。

如：
[例1]I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ___38___ gets there almost in a second. (2007年茂名一模)
技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词)，很可能填限定词。

如：[例2]It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help ___33___rice crop grow up quickly. (2008年广东高考) [例3]…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ___35___ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. (2007年广东高考) 技巧3：句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。

[例1]… who should have the honour of receiving me ___33___ a guest in their house.
(2007年广东高考)
技巧4：若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。

[例1]…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso ___34___ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.
[例2]…all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me ___36___almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008年
深圳一模)
技巧5：若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。

[例1] I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days ___32___I was to return to Guangzhou. (2008年广州一模)
[例2] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ___37___he felt very happy…
(2008年广东高考)
技巧6：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。

[例1]What is acceptable in one country ___31___be considered extremely rude in another. (2007珠三角五校联考)
[例2] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ______ bring home a regular salary.
技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。

(1)由it is…that…强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。

如：
[例1] …and ___40___was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)! (2007年广州一模)
(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, does, did等。

如：
[例1] ______with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.
(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。

如：
[例1] …as ___32___took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists… (2008年佛山二模)
[例2]Dating sites also make ___36___easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (2008年惠州二模)
(4)so /such…that…句型。

如：
[例1] This made the goat so jealous ___34___it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. (2007年惠州二模)
(5)more…than… (与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。

如：
[例1]Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares ___40___ how much he pays. (2007深圳宝安期末)
二、给出了动词的试题的解题技巧
首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，然后按以下两点进行思考。

技巧1：
若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。

[例1]His fear of failure ___36___ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. (2008年深圳一模)
[例2] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her Invitation, ___40___ (close) my book and walked away. (2008年广州一模) [例3] In Logan, three people ___38___ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (2007梅州二模)
技巧2：
若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。

若是非谓语动
就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：
(1)作主语或宾语，通常用—ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。

如：
[例1] …but it is not enough only ___35___(memorize) rules from a grammar book. (2007年佛山一模)
[例2] ______ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…
(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语，一般用不定式。

如：
[例1] _______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
[例2] Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ___33___ (succeed). (2008年佛山一模)
(3)作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。

如：
[例1] He saw the stone, ___37___ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.”
(2008年东莞一模)
[例2] The headmaster went into the lab, ________(follow) by the foreign guests.
(4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用—ing形式，是被动关系用—ed形式。

如：
[例1] There will be a meeting, ___40___ (start) later this year to review the film.
(2008年广州二模)
[例2] Lessons ___39___ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (广东考试说明)
(5)括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换,
a作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。

如：
[例1] Whe n China’s ancient scientific and technological ________ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.
[例2] These people have made great ___39___ (contribute) to China with their work.
(2007年茂名二模)
[例3] …instructors expect students to be familiar with ___32___ (inform) in the reading… (2008年三校联考)
[例4]…there was a lot of information about the city’s well-known tourist ___34___ (attract)… (2008年广州一模)
[例5] When China’s ancient scientific and technological ________ (ac hieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.
[例6] These people have made great ___39___ (contribute) to China with their work.
(2007年茂名二模)
[例7] …instructors expect students to be familiar with ___32___ (inform) in t he reading… (2008年三校联考)
b在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。

如：
[例1] With the large numbers of students, the ________ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.
三、词类转换题的解题技巧
根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。

具体方法有：
(一)所给词若是名词，作表语、定语或补语，通常把名词变成形容词形式。

如：
[例1] The youngster immediately fell _______(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.
[例2] In a ________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to…
[例3] Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________ (interest)
in the subject
(二)所给词若是形容词，
技巧1：在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。

如：
[例1] …the remains date from this period because of their ___38___ (similar) to those found elsewhere. (2008年广州二模)
技巧2：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。

如：
[例1] As I looked ___32___ (close) at this girl, I fount that… (2008年深圳一模) [例2] There must be something ___40___ (serious) wrong with our society. (2008潮州期末)
[例3]Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet ___33___ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time… (2008年惠州三模)
技巧3：若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。

如：
[例1]The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…He jumped even ___36___ (hard) and finally made himself out. (2008年期末)
[例2]Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexico’s border with Texas on Friday, destroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least
16 people, several critically, authorities said.
The ___33___ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which
are about 80 miles apart, police said. (2007梅州二模)
（三）括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un—, im—等，在词根后加—less等。

如：
[例1] People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________ (use).
[例2] Your mistake caused a lot of ________ (necessary) work in the office.。