专四语法常考高频考点
2023年英语四级考试重点

一、语法部分考察重点1.虚拟语气旳考点为:would rather+that从句+一般过去时;It is vital/necessary/important/urgent/imperative/desirable/advisable/natural/essential+that+(should)动词原形;proposal/suggestion+that+动词原形;It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去时;lest+that+should+动词原形;if only+that+would+动词原形。
2.状语从句旳考点为:非if引导旳条件状语从句, 此类句子多用at times, provided, so long as, in case, once等来替代if;由even if/so, now that, for all等引导旳让步状语从句;just/hardly...when引导旳时间状语从句;more than, as...as, not so much as, the same as, as much as等引导旳比较状语从句。
3.独立主格构造多以逻辑主语+分词旳形式出现。
4.情态动词多与完毕时形式连用。
5.定语从句重点考察介词+关系代词(which)和as作为关系代词。
二、词汇部分考察重点1.动词、名词与介词旳搭配如: popular/patient+with;yield/solution/adapt/transfer/access+to;accuse/require+of;charge+for;under+discussion等等。
2.习常使用方法如:confess to/set about/be used to+doing;be supposed to/have/make sb. +do等。
3、由同一动词构成旳短语如: come, go, set, break等构成旳短语。
专四必考语法

专四必考语法一、时态、语态1.表达将来时的形式:(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中,一般现在时代替将来时,但要注意区别从句的类型,如:I’ll tell him when you will ring again. (宾语从句) 比较:I’ll tell him when you ring again. (状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中,谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时,如:See to it that you include i n the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式)2.完成时是时态测试的重点,注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语:(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句,主句用过去完成时。
如:We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况)(2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句,主句用将来完成时。
如:By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months,主句用现在完成时, 但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中,主句更多的时候不用完成时。
完整版专四英语语法考点

语法考点之一:虚拟语气考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反:从句sb had done,主句sb would(should,could,might)+ have done;1. I ___the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there. 1996A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying2. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ___ quite such a crowd of people there.2000A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t省略if,从句的语序用到装,即将were,had或should移至主语的前面,但否定词not不前移。
3. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now. 2008A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get4. ______you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. 1994A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. I realized thatD. As I realized5.___, he would not have recovered so quickly. 1995A. Hadn't he been taken good care ofB. Had he not been taken good care ofC. Had not he been taken good care ofD. Had he been not taken good care of6. ___for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. 2002A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not2、与现在事实相反:从句sb did(were),主句sb would(should, could, might)+do;1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.2009A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been2. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.2005A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. Were3、与将来事实相反:从句sb did (should+do或were+to do),主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
专四常考语法点

专四常考语法点
英语专业四级考试常考的语法点包括:
1.虚拟语气:虚拟语气是英语语法中的一个重要部分,包括条件句、
虚拟语气的使用等。
2.时态和语态:英语中的时态和语态是非常重要的,包括现在时态、
过去时态、将来时态等。
3.非谓语动词:非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词,是英语语
法中的一个难点。
4.从句:从句包括定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句等,是英语语
法中的一个重要部分。
5.倒装句:倒装句是英语语法中的一种特殊句型,包括完全倒装和
部分倒装等。
6.主谓一致:主谓一致是指句子中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上
保持一致。
7.比较级和最高级:比较级和最高级是英语语法中的一个重要部分,
包括形容词和副词的比较级和最高级等。
这些语法点是英语专业四级考试中经常出现的,考生需要熟练掌握这些语法知识,才能在考试中取得好成绩。
英语专业四级20条高频语法

星火词汇 记高一筹一㊁定语从句定语从句包括非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句,其引导词包括关系代词(that,who,whom,which,whose)和关系副词(when,where,why)㊂下面介绍定语从句的几种特殊用法:(1)关系代词用that的情况:①用作表语:当关系代词作be的表语时,且先行词是特指时,关系代词通常用that(不用who或which)或省略㊂that可以指代人或物,用作表语,仅用于限制性定语从句中㊂2011年TEM⁃4真题第51题Myuncleisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork.Heisnolongertheman㊀㊀㊀㊀hewasfifteenyearsago.A.which㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀B.whom㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀C.who㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀D.thatʌ译文ɔ多年的辛苦工作让我的叔叔变得疲惫不堪,他已经不再是15年前的那个他了㊂ʌ解析ɔ本题定语从句的先行词是theman,表特指,且先行词在定语从句中作表语,在这种情况下,关系代词只能用that,而不能用who或者which,因此,答案为D㊂②当先行词为all或其他指物的不定代词(如anything,something,nothing,theone,all,few,any,little等)时,关系代词只能用that㊂2009年TEM⁃4真题第56题Iwasveryinterestedin㊀㊀㊀㊀shetoldme.A.allthatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.thatʌ译文ɔ我对她告诉我的一切都很感兴趣㊂ʌ解析ɔ此句中定语从句的先行词为all,所以引导词只能用关系代词that㊂选项B㊁C中的which,what均不能加在all后,选项D中that不能接在介词后,故均不符合题意㊂因此A正确㊂③当先行词指人并带有only,all,any等限定词时,其后用作分句主语的关系代词用that㊂Anyboythatwantstosucceedmustworkhard.ʌ译文ɔ任何想要成功的男孩都必须努力工作㊂ʌ分析ɔ先行词指人,且在定语从句中作主语,引导该定语从句的关系代词本来应为who,但是,当先行词前有any限定时,关系代词用that㊂④当先行项带有最高级修饰语时,其后的关系代词用that㊂Heisthecleverestmanthatevertaughtinourschool.ʌ译文ɔ他是曾在我们学校任教过的老师当中最聪明的一位㊂ʌ分析ɔ先行词man带有最高级修饰语thecleverest,其后引导定语从句的关系代词只能用that,而不能用who㊂(2)由 介词+关系代词 引导的限制性定语从句㊂由 介词+关系代词 引导的限制性定语从句中的关系代词用which,指人时用whom,表示所属关系用whose㊂这类题中介词的判定是关键,而介词可以根据其与前面名词词组的搭配,也可根据其与后面动词词组的搭配来判定㊂2006年TEM⁃4真题第53题Theparty,㊀㊀㊀㊀Iwastheguestofhonour,wasextremelyenjoyable.A.bywhichB.forwhichC.towhichD.atwhichʌ译文ɔ我作为荣誉嘉宾参加的那个晚会令人十分愉快㊂ʌ解析ɔ定语从句的先行词是theparty, 在晚会上 :attheparty,所以which前面应该加at,本句可还原为:Iwastheguestofhonourattheparty㊂D为答案㊂(3)在非限制性定语从句中,which的先行项(词)可以是上文整个分句或分句中的一部分㊂星火词汇 记高一筹2003年TEM⁃4真题第61题Theyovercameallthedifficultiesandcompletedtheprojecttwomonthsaheadoftime,㊀㊀㊀㊀issomethingwehadnotexpected.A.whichB.itC.thatD.whatʌ译文ɔ他们克服了所有的困难并且提前两个月完成了该项目,这是我们没有预料到的㊂ʌ解析ɔ这是典型的非限制性定语从句,主句和从句之间用逗号隔开,从句子意思上判断, 我们没意料到的 是逗号前的整个句子所表达的内容,填入的关系代词指代前面整个句子的内容,应选关系代词which,A为答案㊂(4)关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句㊂当先行词为表时间㊁地点㊁原因等意义的词时,且定语从句中主谓宾成分齐全,则需用关系副词连接先行词和定语从句,关系副词在从句中作状语㊂1:2002年TEM⁃4真题第54题Haveyoueverbeeninasituation㊀㊀㊀㊀youknowtheotherpersonisrightyetyoucannotagreewithhim?A.bywhichB.thatC.inwhereD.whereʌ译文ɔ你是否经历过那种你明知对方是对的但又无法同意其观点的情形?ʌ解析ɔ关系副词用法题㊂关系副词有代替 介词+which 的功能,表示场合㊁处境㊂where相当于inwhich,引导一个定语从句修饰situation㊂因此D为答案㊂2:ThereasonwhyIwasaloneinthemountainsisthatIhadadifficultywithmyguide.ʌ译文ɔ我一个人呆在山上的原因是由于我和向导之间沟通有问题㊂ʌ分析ɔ当定语从句先行项为thereason时,引导词用关系副词why㊂二㊁比较结构英语比较结构主要有三种:as as 结构,more than结构和themost 结构㊂某些限定词和代词的比较等级构成比较结构㊂这些词有:many/much,more,most;few,fewer,fewest;little,less,least等㊂(1)as+原级+as 和 一样 ,表等量比较;not+so(as)+原级+as 不及 ,表不等量比较㊂1:2007年TEM⁃4真题第51题Thereareasgoodfishinthesea㊀㊀㊀㊀evercameoutofit.A.thanB.likeC.asD.soʌ译文ɔ海里的好鱼是取之不尽的㊂ʌ解析ɔ本句考查as as 结构㊂这句是英语谚语,意为 纵然失去一次机会,不愁没有其他机会 ㊂C为答案㊂2:2007年TEM⁃4真题第57题Itisnot㊀㊀㊀㊀muchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.A.thatB.asC.soD.veryʌ译文ɔ这本书难懂,与其说是因为它的语言,不如说是因为书中的背景知识㊂ʌ解析ɔnotsomuch as 意为 与其说 不如说 ㊂C为答案㊂3:2006年TEM⁃4真题第64题Itwas㊀㊀㊀㊀wehadhoped.A.moreasuccessthanB.asuccessmorethanC.asmuchofasuccessasD.asuccessasmuchasʌ译文ɔ这正如我们希望的那样,是个了不起的成功㊂ʌ解析ɔbemuchof意为 了不起的,不错的 ,如bemuchofagentleman意为 有绅士风度的 ,bemuchofascholar 有学者风范的 ㊂C为答案㊂(2)more than 比较结构(比 更 );通常是adj./adv.比较级+than㊂more/less还可以与某些可等级名词(GradableNoun)搭配构成比较结构㊂星火词汇 记高一筹2005年TEM⁃4真题第59题DoyouknowTim sbrother?Heis㊀㊀㊀㊀thanTim.A.muchmoresportsmanB.moreofasportsmanC.moreofsportsmanD.moreasportsmanʌ译文ɔ你认识蒂姆的哥哥吗?他比蒂姆更像一个运动员㊂ʌ解析ɔ本题考查more than结构㊂sportsman是可等级名词,注意more后的名词如果为单数,需加不定冠词;如是不可数名词,则不加冠词,一般不接复数名词㊂ofa+可等级名词相当于一个形容词,表示该名词的性质,该结构比较级和形容词一样,要用more来修饰,B为答案㊂若该名词为可数名词单数,则名词之前需要加不定冠词㊂(3)notmore than(不比 更);nomore than(两者都不 )㊂2007年TEM⁃4真题第62题Overpopulationposesaterriblethreattothehumanrace.Yetitisprobably㊀㊀㊀㊀athreattothehumanracethanenvironmentaldestruction.A.nomoreB.notmoreC.evenmoreD.muchmoreʌ译文ɔ人口过剩对人类造成了严重的威胁,但是它对人类的威胁很可能没有环境破坏的威胁大㊂ʌ解析ɔ此句考查notmore+n.+than这一结构,表示 不比 更 ,这里指后者好于/强于前者之意,而nomore than 的意思是 两者都不 ,与前一句矛盾,故答案为B㊂试比较:nomore than(两者都不 );nomorethan(仅仅)1:He snomorefittobeaministerthanaschoolboywouldbe.(他和一个小学生一样都不适合当部长㊂)2:Ihavetakennomorethansixcourses.(我只上了六门课㊂)(4) the+adj.(adv.)比较级,the+adj.(adv.)比较级 的结构表示 越 ,就越 ㊂2004年TEM⁃4真题第57题Thelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofafully⁃loadedtruck,㊀㊀㊀㊀tothetruck.A.thegreaterstressisB.greateristhestressC.thestressisgreaterD.thegreaterthestressʌ译文ɔ地面对一辆满载卡车重量承受的越少,卡车承受的压力就越大㊂ʌ解析ɔTheless thegreater 结构中,前者是后者发生的条件,表示前后在程度上的一致性,结构上须保持一致㊂因此D正确㊂(5)英语中的常用的倍数表示法有:①主语+谓语+倍数+as+adj.+as;②主语+谓语+倍数+thesize(height,length,width,etc.)of ;③主语+谓语+倍数+adj.\adv.比较级+than ㊂1:2009年TEM⁃4真题第55题Anewlaptopcostsabout㊀㊀㊀㊀ofasecond⁃handone.A.thepriceofthreetimesB.threetimesthepriceC.asmuchasthethreetimespriceD.threetimesmorethanthepriceʌ译文ɔ一台新笔记本电脑的价格是一台二手笔记本电脑价格的三倍㊂ʌ解析ɔ根据倍数的结构:AisXtimesthesize(height,length,width,etc.)ofB,意为 A的大小(高度㊁长度㊁宽度等)是B的X倍㊂ 可知,B为答案㊂2:2008年TEM⁃4真题第64题Thesquareitselfisfivehundredyardswide,fivetimes㊀㊀㊀㊀thesizeofSt.Peter sinRome.A./B.thatofC.whichisD.ofʌ译文ɔ这个广场宽500码,是罗马圣彼得广场大小的五倍㊂ʌ解析ɔ由结构 主语+谓语+倍数+thesize(height,length,width,etc.)of 可知,星火词汇 记高一筹三㊁情态动词英语中的情态动词有:can,may,must,could,might,oughtto,should,shall,will,would,need㊂(1)情态动词can㊂①can表示 许可 时,是may在非正式场合的替代词㊂2007年TEM⁃4真题第53题 You㊀㊀㊀㊀borrowmynotesprovidedyoutakecareofthem, Itoldmyfriend.A.couldB.shouldC.mustD.canʌ译文ɔ 如果你保管好我的笔记,你可以借用, 我告诉我的朋友说㊂ʌ解析ɔ providedthat+从句 表示假设,provided相当于if㊂根据句意,这里表示一种真实的条件句,表示 许可㊁建议 时,在英语口语中通常用can或may,而不用could或might㊂因此D正确㊂②can t/couldn thavedonesth. 过去不可能做了某事 1:Theoldmancouldn thaveheardtheboyknocking.ʌ译文ɔ那位老人不可能听到了那男孩在敲门㊂(2)情态动词should㊂①虚拟语气should+havedone表达过去应该做某事,但实际上没做㊂2009年TEM⁃4真题第61题Aren tyoutired?I㊀㊀㊀㊀youhaddoneenoughfortoday.A.shouldhavethoughtB.musthavethoughtC.mighthavethoughtD.couldhavethoughtʌ译文ɔ你们不累吗?我本应该想到你们今天已经做的够多了㊂ʌ解析ɔmight+havedone表示 可能已经做了 表示对过去情况的推测,musthavedone表示 一定做了 ,couldhavedone表示 本来能够做某事而没有做 ,三项均不符合句意㊂shouldhavedone表示 本应该做某事,而实际没做 ,符合句意,A为答案㊂②虚拟语气:省略If的条件状语从句,should提到句首㊂2005年TEM⁃4真题第63题㊀㊀㊀㊀you㊀㊀㊀㊀furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.A.If,hadB.Have,hadC.Should,haveD.Incase,hadʌ译文ɔ如果您的打印机再出现问题,请与经销商联系以获得建议㊂ʌ解析ɔ本句对将来情况的虚拟,条件从句 Ifyoushouldhave 中将should置于主语之前,用倒装C为答案㊂③should表示 (将来)能够 ㊂2006年TEM⁃4真题第56题Loudspeakerswerefixedinthehallsothateveryone㊀㊀㊀㊀anopportunitytohearthespeech.A.oughttohaveB.musthaveC.mayhaveD.shouldhaveʌ译文ɔ礼堂里安装了扬声器,这样所有人都能听到演讲㊂ʌ解析ɔA表示 应该有 ,一种义务;B表示 一定有 ;C表示 可能有 ,本句包含sothat引导的状语从句,表示的是一种对将来情况的肯定,因此用should,D为答案㊂④should表示 不情愿 ㊁ 竟然 等语气㊂2006年TEM⁃4真题第57题Iamsurprised㊀㊀㊀㊀thiscityisadullplacetolivein.A.thatyoushouldthinkB.bywhatyouarethinkingC.thatyouwouldthinkD.withwhatyouwerethinkingʌ译文ɔ我很奇怪你竟然会认为生活在这个城市很枯燥无味㊂ʌ解析ɔ虚拟语气除了表示与事实情况相反外,还可以表示一种个人的感情,此处是用星火词汇 记高一筹(3)情态动词will,表 意愿 ㊂2012年TEM⁃4真题第55题WhichofthefollowingsentencesexpressesWILLINGNESS?A.Bynowshewillbeeatingdinner.B.Ishallneverdothatagain.C.Mybrotherwillhelpyouwiththeluggage.D.Youshallgetapromotion.ʌ译文ɔ下列哪个句子表达了 意愿 ?ʌ解析ɔA项 现在她应该在用餐了 中,will表示推测;B项 我再也不会那么做了 中,shall表示决心;D项 你应该升职 中,shall表示许诺㊂只有选项C 我哥哥会帮你拖行李的 ,will表示意愿,因此C为答案㊂(4)情态动词must:must+havedone表示对过去的肯定猜测,具有较大的可能性,意为 一定 ,想必 ㊂2007年TEM⁃4真题第56题She㊀㊀㊀㊀fiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherattheconference.A.mustbeB.hadbeenC.couldbeD.musthavebeenʌ译文ɔ我第一次在那个会议上遇见她时,她应该有50岁左右㊂ʌ解析ɔmustbe表示对现在的推测,musthavebeen表示对过去的猜测,句中有明确的过去时间状语,故D为答案㊂A表示对现在的肯定猜测;B的时态与原句不符;C表达陈述语气,不表猜测㊂(5)情态动词need:needn thavedone表示 没有必要做但已经做了;didn tneedtodo结构表示 没有必要做某事,实际上也没有做 ㊂1:Youneedn thaveboughtthathouse.ʌ译文ɔ你没必要买那个房子㊂2:Ididn tneedtowashtheclothes,asmysisterdidit.ʌ译文ɔ我不必洗那些衣服,因为我妹妹洗了㊂(6)情态动词may(might):maywell+动词原形,意为 理应,有足够理由 (havegoodreasonto);may(might)aswell+动词原形,意为 还不如,不妨 ㊂1:Hemaywellbeproudofhisson.ʌ译文ɔ他理应以他的儿子为荣㊂2:Youmightaswellthrowyourmoneyintotheseaaslendittohim.ʌ译文ɔ你借钱给他还不如把钱扔进海里㊂四㊁虚拟语气(1)虚拟条件句中主句和从句形式见如下表格:条件从句结果主句对现在的虚拟(与现在相反)If+从句主语+动词过去式/were主语+would+动词原形对过去的虚拟(与过去相反)If+从句主语+过去完成式主语+would+havedone对将来的虚拟(与将来相反)A式:一般过去式B式:were+不定式C式:should+动词原形would/should+动词原形①常规虚拟条件句2009年TEM⁃4真题第52题Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English㊀㊀㊀㊀mucheasiertolearn.星火词汇 记高一筹ʌ译文ɔ如果英语中没有虚拟语气,那学起来会容易得多㊂ʌ解析ɔ虚拟条件句㊂条件句用了过去时态,说明是对现在即客观事实的假设,主句中的动词形式用would+动词原形㊂B为答案㊂②虚拟条件句用倒装结构的情况:条件句中有were,had,should时,可以省略if,而把were,had,should放在主语前,用倒装结构㊂2008年TEM⁃4真题第52题HadJudybeenmorecarefulontheMathsexam,she㊀㊀㊀㊀muchbetterresultsnow.A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegotC.mustgetD.wouldgetʌ译文ɔ如果朱迪在数学考试当中更仔细一点的话,她现在的成绩就会好多了㊂ʌ解析ɔ虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的应用㊂条件句用了过去完成时,说明是对过去情况的虚拟,主句是在条件句虚拟下的结果,而非真实的情况㊂根据上面表格所示,主句中的动词形式用could+havedone,虚拟条件句用的倒装结构相当于if引导的虚拟条件句㊂B为答案㊂③由ifonly引导的虚拟条件句表达愿望㊂类似结构:if,asif,asthough,though,wouldrather,suppose,imagine,wish等引导的非真实条件句表达一种臆想的情况㊂1:2011年TEM⁃4真题第61题It sgettinglate.I dratheryou㊀㊀㊀㊀now.A.leftB.leaveC.areleavingD.willleaveʌ译文ɔ本题考查wouldrather的用法,wouldrather表示 宁愿,宁可 ,在wouldrather后面所跟的从句中用虚拟语气,对现在的虚拟谓语动词要用过去式,因此A为答案㊂2:2007年TEM⁃4真题第54题Ifonlythepatient㊀㊀㊀㊀adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.A.hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceiveD.werereceivingʌ译文ɔ如果这位病人没有使用抗生素而是接受不同的治疗方法,他可能现在还活着㊂ʌ解析ɔifonly引导的虚拟条件句,是对过去事实的虚拟,所以用过去完成时态㊂A为答案㊂(2)特殊结构表达虚拟语气㊂①Itistime(that) ,itishightime(that) 这类结构中,that从句中的谓语动词用过去式㊂2006年TEM⁃4真题第54题It shightimewe㊀㊀㊀㊀cuttingdowntherainforests.A.stoppedB.hadtostopC.shallstopD.stopʌ译文ɔ到了我们停止砍伐雨林的时候了㊂ʌ解析ɔ虚拟语气题㊂结构Itishightime(that) 后面的从句部分要使用虚拟语气,即shoulddo或do㊂因此D正确㊂②在表示命令㊁决定㊁建议等词语后的that从句中,动词用 should+动词原形 的形式㊂其中should可省略㊂这一类词包括动词:decide,decree,demand,insist,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,advise,vote等以及这些动词相对应的名词;形容词:advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper等;其它名词如instruction,resolution等㊂1:2012年TEM⁃4真题第54题Mybossorderedthatthelegaldocuments㊀㊀㊀㊀tohimbeforelunch.A.besentB.weresentC.weretobesentD.mustbesentʌ译文ɔ我的老板命令午饭前必须把这些法律文件送到他那儿㊂ʌ解析ɔ因为order后面接宾语从句,从句中谓语动词必须使用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形;同时,因为文件是被送,所以这里需要用被动语态,因此A为答案㊂星火词汇 记高一筹2:2007年TEM⁃4真题第65题IiisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliam㊀㊀㊀㊀hisstudyinspiteofsomelearningdifficulties.A.willcontinueB.continuedC.continueD.continuesʌ译文ɔ尽管有一些学习上的困难,但威廉要继续他的学习,这是必须的㊂ʌ解析ɔessential表示 必须的 ,其后所接从句中谓语动词用动词原形表示虚拟㊂故C为答案㊂五㊁不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由 to+动词原形 构成,在句子中可以充当主语㊁主语补足语㊁宾语㊁表语㊁宾语补足语和状语㊂(1)不定式作主语时,一般用it代替它作形式主语,不定式移至谓语之后㊂1:Itishardtorestoreabrokenmirror.破镜难圆㊂2:2007年TEM⁃4真题第63题Itisnotuncommonforthere㊀㊀㊀㊀problemsofcommunicationbetweentheoldandtheyoung.A.beingB.wouldbeC.beD.tobeʌ译文ɔ老人与年轻人之间存在沟通问题,这再普通不过了㊂ʌ解析ɔ此题考查therebe结构的不定式用法,therebe句型在介词for之后使用时,用theretobe结构,本句it是形式主语,真正的主语是 fortheretobe theyoung ,D为答案㊂当therebe用于介词of之后时,用therebeing这一结构㊂(2)不定式作主语补足语㊂2004年TEM⁃4真题第58题TheMinisterofFinanceisbelieved㊀㊀㊀㊀ofimposingnewtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.A.thatheisthinkingB.tobethinkingC.thatheistothinkD.tothinkʌ译文ɔ人们认为财政部长正在考虑通过征收新税来增加政府的财政收入㊂ʌ解析ɔ不定式作主语补足语㊂英语中通常对 itisbelievedthat 做如下转换:Itisbelievedthatheis =Heisbelievedtobe ㊂故B为答案㊂(3)不定式作表语㊂2007年TEM⁃4真题第55题Lindawas㊀㊀㊀㊀theexperimentamonthago,butshechangedhermindatthelastminute.A.tostartB.tohavestartedC.tobestartingD.tohavebeenstartingʌ译文ɔ琳达本来一个月前就已经要开始实验,但她在最后一刻改变了主意㊂ʌ解析ɔ were/was+to+动词原形 表示过去将来时间的安排,如果这个安排后来被取消了,没有实现,则用过去将来完成式was/weretohavedone,所以选B㊂(4)不定式作宾语补足语㊂HehelpsmetostudyEnglish.ʌ译文ɔ他帮我学英语㊂ʌ分析ɔ不定式 tostudyEnglish 作宾语 me 的补足语㊂(5)不定式作宾语:表达一个具体的动作㊂Ifinditdifficulttoworkwithhim.ʌ译文ɔ我觉得和他一起工作很困难㊂ʌ分析ɔit作形式宾语,不定式toworkwithhim是真正的宾语㊂星火词汇 记高一筹(6)不定式作定语㊂Ihavemanyletterstoanswer.ʌ译文ɔ我有很多信要回㊂ʌ分析ɔ不定式(toanswer)作宾语(letters)的后置定语㊂(7)不定式作状语:可以表示目的㊁结果和原因㊂1:Iworkhardtosupportmyfamily.ʌ译文ɔ我努力工作来养家㊂(表目的)2:Hestudiedhardonlytofail.ʌ译文ɔ他学习很努力,但却没及格㊂(表结果)3:Weareveryhappytocooperatewithyou.ʌ译文ɔ我们很高兴与您合作㊂(表原因)六㊁动名词动名词具有名词性质,可在句中作主语㊁宾语㊁表语㊁定语,状语等㊂(1)动名词作主语㊂1:2010年TEM⁃4真题第65题㊀㊀㊀㊀shouldnotbecomeaseriousdisadvantageinlifeandwork.A.TobenottallB.NotbeingtallC.BeingnottallD.Nottobetallʌ译文ɔ个子不高不应该成为生活和工作中的一个大障碍㊂ʌ解析ɔ本句缺主语,动名词作主语时,通常用于表示一件已知的事情或者经验㊂不定式短语通常表示一件未完成的事或目的㊂本句中 长得不高 是一件已知的事情,所以选择动名词短语作主语,表示否定意义,not要放在名词前面㊂故B正确㊂2:Yourdrinkingsomuchwineisnotgoodforhealth.ʌ译文ɔ过量饮酒对你身体不好㊂(2)动名词作宾语(动词宾语㊁介词宾语)㊂①下列动词常跟动名词作宾语:admit,stand,finish,appreciate,avoid,delay,detest,enjoy,escape,forgive,resent,permit,prohibit,reject,postpone,imagine,keep,miss,suggest等㊂②下列词组常跟动名词:geton,getthrough,insiston,persistin,keepon,accuse of,thinkof,giveup,putoff,beengagedin,feellike,devote to,dependon,setabout,bekeenon,becapableof,dreamof等㊂2009年TEM⁃4真题第51题Whataniceday!Howaboutthethreeofus㊀㊀㊀㊀awalkintheparknearby?A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetakingʌ译文ɔ天气多好啊?我们三个一起到附近公园散步怎么样?ʌ解析ɔhowabout后常接名词或者动名词,表示征求意见㊂因此C为答案㊂(3)动名词作表语㊂1:Seeingisbelieving.ʌ译文ɔ眼见为实㊂2:Hisjobiscleaningthetable.ʌ译文ɔ他的工作是清理桌子㊂3:Histroubleishavingtriedeverymeansandbeingstillpoor.ʌ译文ɔ他的困惑是,所有办法都试了,却依然贫穷㊂(4)动名词作定语㊂星火词汇 记高一筹七㊁it的用法(1)it指代事物(抽象)㊁动物㊁婴儿或未知的人,也指代天气㊁时间㊁举例㊁自然现象或环境等㊂2005年TEM⁃4真题第65题Childrenwhostayawayfromschooldo㊀㊀㊀㊀fordifferentreasons.A.themB./C.itD.theirsʌ译文ɔ孩子们逃学的原因各不相同㊂ʌ解析ɔit可指代抽象的行为,这里指代stayawayfromschool㊂而A㊁D只可指代具体的事物,均排除;do后面必须接宾语,B显然不对㊂因此C为答案㊂(2)it作形式主语或者形式宾语㊂以it作形式主语或者形式宾语的动词有:feel,consider,find,believe,make,take,imagine,think,suppose,deem,count,regard等㊂在这种结构中,被替代的成分要置于句尾㊂1:Itisofgreathelpforustomasterthecomputerskills.ʌ译文ɔ掌握电脑技能对我们来说是十分有必要的㊂2:2009年TEM⁃4真题第57题Weconsider㊀㊀㊀㊀heshouldhaveleftwithouttellinganyonebeforehand.A.strangewhyB.itstrangewhatC.itstrangethatD.thatstrangeʌ译文ɔ他竟然跟谁都没说一声就走了,这让我们觉得很奇怪㊂ʌ解析ɔ此句中it作形式宾语接在谓语动词之后,用that引导从句heshouldhaveleftwithouttellinganyonebeforehand作真正的宾语接在其后,构成 动词+it+补语+that宾语从句 结构㊂因此C为答案㊂(3)it代替动名词,主要用于以下固定结构:Itisnogood(nouse,useless,senseless,dangerous,enjoyable,worthwhile )+动名词以及Itisawaste(anuisance,hardwork )+动名词㊂1:Itisworthwhilemakinggreateffortsforthejob.ʌ译文ɔ为这项工作付出巨大努力是值得的㊂2:Ifinditawastespendingsomuchmoneyonclothingandcosmetics.ʌ译文ɔ我认为花很多钱在服装和化妆品上是很浪费的㊂(4)it代替名词性从句:该结构中的名词性从句可用that,what,when,who,whether等引导㊂1:ItisobviousthatEnglishisthemostwidelyusedlanguageintheworld.ʌ译文ɔ很显然,英语现在已是世界上最广泛使用的语言㊂2:ItisnotknownwhoisthecandidateforthePresident?ʌ译文ɔ现在还不知道谁是总统候选人㊂3:Hasitbeenfoundoutwhatcuasedthetrafficaccident?ʌ译文ɔ现在查出是什么原因导致了这场车祸吗?(5)it强调句:基本结构为 it+be+被强调的部分+that ,it在此结构中无指代意义,也无实义,句子去掉 itis that 三个词之后,句子结构与意义依然完整㊂ItisProfessorLithat(who)encouragedmetoparticipateinthecontest.ʌ译文ɔ是李教授鼓励我去参加这个比赛的㊂八㊁倒装结构谓语部分或全部放到主语前面时,称之为部分倒装或完全倒装㊂英语中用倒装的情况很多,其中最主要的原则是:把需要强调的句子成分放到句子首位,要用倒装㊂下面介绍的是几种常见的倒装情况㊂星火词汇 记高一筹(1)否定形式的词语或表否定意义的词语放在句首时,句子需用倒装结构㊂这样类似的词或者词组有:never,rarely,scarcely,seldom,little,hardly,innoway,bynomeans,notuntil,neither nor 等等㊂2009年TEM⁃4第59题Little㊀㊀㊀㊀aboutherownsafety,thoughsheherselfwasingreatdanger.A.shecaredB.shemaycareC.mayshecareD.didshecareʌ译文ɔ尽管自己处于巨大的危险当中,她却并不担心自己的安危㊂ʌ解析ɔ表示否定意义的词位于句首时,其后用倒装结构㊂实义动词的倒装要用助动词帮助其构成倒装;此题中时态为过去时,所以用助动词did构成倒装㊂因此D为答案㊂(2)当 only+状语 位于句首表示强调时需用倒装㊂2004年TEM⁃4第60题㊀㊀㊀㊀bothsidesaccepttheagreement㊀㊀㊀㊀alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.A.Onlyif,willB.Ifonly,wouldC.Should,willD.Unless,wouldʌ译文ɔ只有双方都接受合约条件,该地区才能保持持续和平㊂ʌ解析ɔ根据句意,这里是条件状语从句的倒装,only+状语位于句首时,句子用倒装结构㊂句子的正常语序是:Alastingpeacewillbeestablishedinthisregiononlyifbothsidesaccepttheagreement㊂注意区分,ifonly意为 要是 就好了 ㊂因此A为答案㊂(3)虚拟条件句中的倒装:如果虚拟条件句中的谓语部分含有were,had或should,可以把它们放在句首,省去连词if,变成倒装句㊂HadIknownitearlier,Iwouldnotwaitforhimforawholemorning.ʌ译文ɔ要是早知道这样,我就不会等他一早上了㊂(4)让步状语从句可用as,though等引起的倒装结构表示,其结构一般为 形容词(副词㊁动词㊁分词㊁名词)+as+主语+谓语 ㊂1:Youngassheis,shehasknownmuchaboutthebook.ʌ译文ɔ她虽然年轻,但对这本书知道得很多㊂2:BehePresidentorfarmer,heshallbepublished.ʌ译文ɔ无论他是总统还是平民,都必须受到惩罚㊂九㊁分词结构分词包括现在分词和过去分词两种形式㊂现在分词表达主动,未完成之意;过去分词表达被动或完成之意㊂(1)分词作状语㊂①作状语表示条件或假设1:2006年TEM⁃4真题第63题Thereareonlytenapplesleftinthebaskets,㊀㊀㊀㊀thespoiltones.A.notcountingB.nottocountC.don tcountD.havingnotcountedʌ译文ɔ如果不算坏的,篮子里只剩十个苹果㊂ʌ解析ɔ用现在分词形式表示与主句动作紧密相联,此处表主动㊂count 把 计算在内,包括 ,counting相当于including㊂因此A为答案㊂2:2007年TEM⁃4真题第64题㊀㊀㊀㊀atinhisway,thesituationdoesn tseemsodesperate.A.LookingB.LookedC.BeinglookedD.Tolookʌ译文ɔ在他看来,情况似乎没这么令人绝望㊂ʌ解析ɔ此句中,主语thesituation,要填内容与thesituation之间是被动关系,即the星火词汇 记高一筹situation被看,所以用过去分词来表达此意㊂选项C表达正在被看,不符合题意㊂A表主动之意,D表将来之意,均不符合题意㊂因此B为答案㊂3:2004年TEM⁃4真题第55题Ifnot㊀㊀㊀㊀withtherespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsveryill⁃temperedandgrumblesallthetime.A.beingtreatedB.treatedC.betreatedD.havingbeentreatedʌ译文ɔ如果没有得到应有的尊重,杰克就会变得脾气很坏,并且整日抱怨㊂ʌ解析ɔ空格处要填入的内容与其逻辑主语Jack(即主句主语)之间为被动关系,当条件状语从句的主语和主句主语一致,并且从句谓语含有be动词时,可以将从句主语和be一并省略,即将heis省略,状语从句补充完整为:Ifheisnottreatedwith ㊂B为答案㊂②表原因Chokedbytheheavysmoke,hecouldhardlybreathe.ʌ译文ɔ他被浓烟呛着了,几乎不能呼吸㊂Smilingsweetly,sheislikedbyeveryone.ʌ译文ɔ她经常带着甜蜜的微笑,所以很受大家喜欢㊂③表时间Lefttoitselfintheroom,thebabybegantocry.ʌ译文ɔ当被单独留在房间里时,婴儿哭了起来㊂Goingbackhome,shebegantopreparedinner.ʌ译文ɔ回到家后,她开始准备晚饭㊂④方式或伴随状语Surroundedbyhisstudents,theprofessorsattherecheerfully.ʌ译文ɔ那位教授在学生的簇拥下,兴高采烈地坐在那儿㊂Jumpinghighintheair,hetriedtogettheballooninthetree.ʌ译文ɔ他高高跳起来,试图去摘挂在树上的气球㊂⑤让步状语Defeatedagain,hedidn tloseheart.ʌ译文ɔ尽管再次被击败,但他并没有灰心㊂(2)分词作定语㊂2009年TEM⁃4真题第65题 Themanpreparingthedocumentsisthefirm slawyer hasallthefollowingpossiblemeaningEXCEPT㊀㊀㊀㊀.A.themanwhohaspreparedthedocumentsB.themanwhohasbeenpreparingthedocumentsC.themanwhoispreparingthedocumentsD.themanwhowillpreparethedocumentsʌ译文ɔ 准备文件的人是该公司的律师 ,以下选项中与本句意思不同的是㊀㊀㊀㊀㊂ʌ解析ɔ现在分词作定语一般表示 主动 或者 进行 ,A㊁B㊁C三个选项的表示的时间都是 现在 ,符合现在分词定语的含义㊂而D则表示的是 将来 ,一般用不定式结构作后置定语㊂D为答案㊂(3)分词作表语㊂当分词做表语时,现在分词往往表示主语所具有的特征,过去分词往往表示主语的状态或状况㊂1:Themusicismuchpleasingtotheear.ʌ译文ɔ这音乐优美悦耳㊂2:Theyaresatisfiedwiththeirpresentjob.ʌ译文ɔ他们对现在的工作很满意㊂星火词汇 记高一筹十㊁独立主格独立主格指带有自己主语的非限定分句和无动词分句㊂独立主格按其结构形式,分为不定式独立主格,⁃ing分词独立主格,⁃ed分词独立主格和无动词独立主格㊂独立主格结构通常在句中作状语㊂(1)逻辑主语+现在分词:这种结构表示主动意义㊂1:2003年TEM⁃4真题第51题Agricultureisthecountry schiefsourceofwealth,wheat㊀㊀㊀㊀byfarthebiggestcerealcrop.A.isB.beenC.beD.beingʌ译文ɔ农业是该国财富的主要来源,其中小麦是重要的谷类作物㊂ʌ解析ɔ考查带主语的现在分词构成独立主格结构,表伴随㊂分词与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系,所以应用现在分词㊂D为答案㊂2:2003年TEM⁃4真题第58题Time㊀㊀㊀㊀,thecelebrationwillbeheldasscheduled.A.permitB.permittingC.permittedD.permitsʌ译文ɔ如果时间允许,庆典将如期举行㊂ʌ解析ɔ考查独立主格结构㊂分词与其主语time之间为主动关系,所以应用现在分词㊂独立主格Timepermitting=Iftimepermits,在句中表条件㊂B为答案㊂3:Allbeingwell,theprojectwillbefinishedinfivemonths.ʌ译文ɔ如果一切顺利的话,这个项目将在5个月内完成㊂(2)逻辑主语+过去分词:这种结构表被动意义,以及逻辑主语+havingbeen+过去分词这些结构中:可以省略being或者havingbeen㊂1:Hisvoicedrownedbythenoise,thespeakerinterruptedhislecture.ʌ译文ɔ由于自己的声音被吵闹声吞没,演讲者中断了自己的讲座㊂ʌ分析ɔ本句中独立主格结构相当于表原因的状语,Hisvoicedrownedbythenoise=Becausehisvoicewasdrownedbythenoise㊂2:Hishomeworkdone,Jimdecidedtogoandseetheplay.ʌ译文ɔ家庭作业做完了,吉姆决定去看表演㊂ʌ分析ɔ独立主格结构相当于时间状语的作用,Hishomeworkdone=Whenhishomeworkwasdone㊂3:Goodluckgiven,Iwillearnmoremoneythanyouexpect.ʌ译文ɔ如果运气好的话,我挣的钱比你想象中的还要多㊂ʌ分析ɔ独立主格相当于条件状语从句,Goodluckgiven=Ifgoodluckisgiven㊂4:Eerything(havingbeen)tried,theywerestillunabletofindasolution.ʌ译文ɔ尽管一切都试过了,他们仍然找不到解决问题的办法㊂(3)逻辑主语+being+形容词\副词\名词\介词短语\过去分词\不定式㊂1:Thefloor(being)wetandslippery,westayedoutside.ʌ译文ɔ因为地板又湿又滑,我们都待在外面㊂2:Themeal(being)over,prayerswerereadbyMissMiller.ʌ译文ɔ饭吃完了,米勒小姐点了所有祷告者的名㊂(4)there+being+其他成分㊂1:Therebeingnothingtodo,wejusttalkedonandon.ʌ译文ɔ没有什么事可做,我们就只能一直聊着天㊂2:2005年TEM⁃4真题第61题What sthechanceof㊀㊀㊀㊀ageneralelectionthisyear?星火词汇 记高一筹C.therebeD.theregoingtobeʌ译文ɔ今年举行普选的机会有多少?ʌ解析ɔ介词of后应接动名词being,而动名词的逻辑主语是ageneralelection,therebe结构是其谓语,因此这里用therebe结构的动名词形式therebeing㊂故A为答案㊂十一㊁动词时态时态是英语语法中一项基本内容,也是历年英语专业四级考试语法必考项目㊂英语时态共有16种之多,本节具体就专四历年考查的时态重点讲解㊂(1)过去进行时表示过去将来㊂2005年TEM⁃4真题第54题Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn tknowhe㊀㊀㊀㊀untilyesterday.A.willcomeB.wascomingC.hadbeencomingD.cameʌ译文ɔ詹姆士刚到,但是我直到昨天才知道他要来㊂ʌ解析ɔ本句是在过去时间里的将来动作,应用过去将来时,又由于come,go,leave等一类表示位移的动词可以用进行时表示将来,wascoming表达的就是过去将来时㊂因此B正确㊂(2)现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在的动作或状态㊂2005年TEM⁃4真题第55题㊀㊀㊀㊀consciousofmymoralobligationsasacitizen.A.IwasandalwayswillbeB.IhavetobeandalwayswillbeC.IhadbeenandalwayswillbeD.Ihavebeenandalwayswillbeʌ译文ɔ我一直并且将会永远记得自己作为一个公民的道德义务㊂ʌ解析ɔ本句为一般性陈述,没必要用过去时态,排除A㊁C;B中haveto表示不得不做某事,而will表示主观愿意去做某事,两者语义矛盾;D中havebeen表示从过去一直持续到现在,且willbe表示从现在开始将继续持续到将来,两者在时态上连贯,符合题意㊂D为答案㊂(3)现在完成进行时:表示从过去某个时候开始,一直延续到现在的动作㊂强调动作现在依然在进行,并且还有可能继续延续下去㊂1:TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.ʌ译文ɔ中国人有着两千年的造纸历史㊂2:2002年TEM⁃4真题第53题Forsometimenow,worldleaders㊀㊀㊀㊀outthenecessityforagreementonarmsreduction.A.hadbeenpointingB.havebeenpointingC.werepointingD.pointedʌ译文ɔ一段时间以来,世界各国的领导者们一直指出有必要在武器消减方面达成共识㊂ʌ解析ɔForsometimenow表示动作从过去持续到现在,又包括现在阶段正在进行,故用现在完成进行时,强调从过去到现在各国领导人都知道削减武器的必要性㊂B为答案㊂(4)过去完成时:表示过去的过去所完成的动作㊂2007年TEM⁃4真题第59题Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe㊀㊀㊀㊀impossibletocomprehend.A.hadfoundB.findsC.hasfoundD.wouldfindʌ译文ɔ这个学生说这篇文章中有几点内容他发现理解不了㊂ʌ解析ɔ选项B是一般现在时,表达习惯性动作,不符合原句表达的意义;C是现在完成时,与原句中表达过去时态的said和therewere不符,因为发现这一动作应在said和therewere之前完成;D表达过去将来时,表示将要发现还没发现的意思,与原句意思不符;A是过去完成时态,表示在过去某一时间点以前已完成的动作,A符合题意㊂。
英语专业四级语法重点汇总

英语专业四级语法重点汇总English英语专八专四学习复习资料英语专四语法重点汇总一、非谓语动词的主要考点1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的,但是在意思上是有区别的,主要常考到的动词罗列如下:mean to do想要(做某事)VS mean doing意味(做某事)propose to do 打算(做某事)VS propose doing建议(做某事)forget to do忘记(要做的事)VS forget doing忘记(已做的事)remember to do记得(要做某事)VS remember doing记得(做过)go on to do继而(做另一件事)VS go on doing继续(做原来的事)stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾VS regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔2. 不定式的习惯用法典型句型整理如下:如:“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事”如:“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事”如:“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事”如:“can do nothing but do”——“不能不做某事”如:“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事”如:“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事”例句:The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor.When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus.3. 动名词的习惯用法典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下:如:be busy/active doing sth.如:It’s no good/use doing sth.如:spend/waste time doing sth.如:have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.如:have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.如:There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.例句:There is no use crying over spilt milk.(典型例句)牛奶洒了,哭也没用;后悔是没有用的;覆水难受I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.二、形容词与副词及其比较级1. 形容词的句法功能形容词通常在句子中用做定语、表语与主语的语法成分,通常考到的知识点总结如下:(1) 以“a”开头的形容词如“alone”、“alike”、“asleep”、“awake”等一般不能做前置定语,通常是做表语或后置定语的例句:Jerry didn’t pass the important final exam, please let him alone for the time being.Michael came back from job just now, and his eyes were shut and he seemed to have fallen asleep.(2) 某些以副词词缀“-ly”结尾的词其实是形容词,不能看错是副词,例如“friendly”、“leisurely”、“lovely”等(3) 下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词,注意用做系动词时,要求形容词做表语这些典型单词罗列如下:“remain”、“keep”、“become”、“get”、“grow”、“go”、“come”、“turn”、“stay”、“stand”、“run”、“prove”、“seem”、“appear”、“look”等例句:The situation remains tense between the two countries at this juncture. 在这个节骨眼上,两国形势仍然持续紧张。
最新完整版专四英语语法考点分析解析

语法考点之一:虚拟语气考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反:从句sb had done,主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done;2、省略if,从句的语序用到装,即将were, had或should移至主语的前面,但否定词not不前移。
3、与将来事实相反:从句sb did (should+do或were+to do),主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
4、错综条件句:主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。
比如:从句对过去虚拟,而主句对现在虚拟,即从句sb had done,主句sb would(should, could, might)+do;考点2:表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。
考点3:It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。
考点4:it is (high/about) time that的结构中,从句使用一般过去式。
例如:考点5:much as"尽管,虽然"引导让步状语从句,从句中用would have done表示假设。
考点6:if only, wish, as if/as though引导从句,与过去事实相反:had + done;与现在事实相反:动词过去式;与将来事实相反:could/would + do考点7:would rather/sooner从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟考点8:lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。
英语专业四级考试语法复习资料大全

一、考纲要求及语法知识常考点(一)动词的基本时态、语态的构成及其用法2. 动词的语态1) 不能用于被动语态的动词和短语(1)在英语中,不及物动词不能用于被动语态,但有些不及物动词(包括短语)容易引起误用。
如:appear, belong to, die, escape, fall, happen, last, succeed, occur, take place, consist of。
Our success belongs to all the people present. 我们的成功属于在座的每一个人。
(2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词,如:become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。
2) 少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思(专业四级英语重要考点)例1:The book is selling remarkably well.这本书卖得很好例2:The song sounds very beautiful. 这首歌听起来很优美。
能这样用的动词还有read(读起来),clean(擦起来),wash(洗起来),write(写起来)。
例3:My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned).能像need这样用的动词还有:want, require, deserve等。
例4:The meat is cooking.例5:The shop doesn’t open(营业)on Sunday. 试比较:The door was opened by Tom.3) 注意几个基本句型.(专业四级英语重要考点)It is said …(据说).,It is reported …(据报道), It is widely believed(人们广泛认为); It is expected …(据期望,应该)It is estimated…. ( 据估计), It was said…, It was believed … It was thought …( 以前人们认为...)。
专四语法汇总

专四常考语法点汇总:一.虚拟语气1.虚拟条件句1) 倒装结构:条件句有were, had, should时,可使用倒装结构。
e.g. Were it necessary, I would resign.Had you informed me earlier, I would have come over.Should you meet her, you should not be able to recognize her.2) 错综时间条件句e.g. If I my umbrella with me this morning, I wet now. DA. had taken … would not have beenB. took… should not beC. were to take … would not beD. had taken … should not be3) 无条件的虚拟句:but for, with, without, or, but, otherwise, in case of, what if, etc.2.I wish…/If only句式:与现在事实相反,用were或动词的一般过去式;与过去事实相反,用had+过去分词;表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would/could/should/might+动词原形。
3.as if引导的从句(注意区别事实与假设)Some black clouds are floating in the sky. It looks as if . BA.it might rain B it is going to rain C it would be rainy D it was to rain4.在suggest, order, demand, propose, desire等表示建议、命令、态度等词(包括动词和名词)引导的名词从句中用should+动词原形,should可省。
英语专业四级考试语法复习资料

英语专业四级考试语法复习资料一、考纲要求及语法知识常考点(一)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法1.有关名词的格的考点:名词可分为主格、宾格和所用格。
专业四级英语主要是考查名词所用格的掌握情况。
所有格可分为’s所有格与介词of所有格,前者一般用于有生命的名词,如:the boy’s ball,后者用于无生命的名词,如:the topic of the conversation (话题)。
另外还有双重属格,其表现形式为A of B’s,其中B必须是指人的名词。
如:a book of my wife’s(我妻子的一本书),而不能说a funnel of the ship’s.考点一:当名词表示地理、国家、城市、时间等词时,应该把它们当作有生命的名词对待,即用’s所有格。
如:Europe’s future 欧洲的未来Today’s newspaper 今天的报纸考点二:表示某物为两人或多人共有时,在最后一个人名后加’s,如果为词组内并列名词各自所有时,则要在各个名词后都加’s,例如:Mary and Linda’s book 玛丽与琳达(共同拥有)的书Tom’s and Peter’s fathers 汤姆的父亲与彼得的父亲考点三:人名’S所有格结构可以表示某人所在的店铺、家庭、学校与教堂等地点。
I am going to the tailor’s to get my dress. 我要去裁缝店拿回我的衣服。
I buy my meat at the Johnson’s 我常在约翰逊开的肉铺买肉。
They took part in the birthday party at Tom’s. 他们参加了在汤姆家举行的生日宴会。
2. 有关名词数的考点:考点一:复合名词的复数:一般而言,我们把核心词变为复数形式即可,如:passers-by, mothers-in-law; assistant directors;girl friends,但当修饰词是man,woman时,复合词各组成部分都要变为复数,例如:menservants,womenservants考点二:复数形式的名词用于单数概念,其谓语动词用单数。
英语【专四】 重点整理

英语【专四】重点整理分享首次分享者:Yes哦No已被分享8次评论(0)复制链接分享转载举报一、语法部分考查重点1、虚拟语气的考点为:would rather+that从句+一般过去时;It is vital/ necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable / advisable/ natural/ essential+that+(should)动词原形;proposal/suggestion+that+动词原形;It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去时;lest+that+should+动词原形;if only+that+would+动词原形。
2、状语从句的考点为:非if引导的条件状语从句,此类句子多用at times,provided,so long as,in case,once等来替代if;由even if/so,now that,for all等引导的让步状语从句;just/hardly...when引导的时间状语从句;more than,as...as,not so much as,the same as,as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语+分词的形式出现。
4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句重点考查介词+关系代词(which)和as作为关系代词。
二、词汇部分考查重点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如:popular/patient+with;yield/solution /adapt/transfer/access+to;accuse/require+of;charge+for;under +discussion等等。
2、习惯用法如:confess to/set about/be used to+doing;be supposed to /have/make sb.+do等。
完整版专四英语语法考点

语法考点之一:虚拟语气考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反:从句sb had done,主句sb would(should,could,might)+ have done1.1 ___ the party much more if there hadn ' t been quite such a crowd ofl p96ple there.A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying2. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there __ quite such a crowd of people there.2000A. weren ' tB. hasn ' t beenC. hadn ' t beenD. wouldn ' t省略if,从句的语序用到装,即将were,had或should移至主语的前面,但否定词not不前移。
3. Had Judy bee n more careful on the maths exam, she ___ much better results now. 2008A. would be gett ingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get4. ____ you were busy, I wouldn ' t have bothered you with my questions. 1994A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. I realized thatD. As I realized5. _ , he would not have recovered so quickly. 1995A. Hadn't he bee n take n good care ofB. Had he not bee n take n good care ofC. Had not he bee n take n good care ofD. Had he bee n not take n good care of6. _ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. 2002A. Had it not beenB. Hadn ' t it beenC. Was it n otD. Were it not2、与现在事实相反:从句sb did(were),主句sb would(should, could, might)+do ;1. If there were no subj unctive mood, En glish ___ much easier to lear n.2009A. could have bee nB. would beC. will beD. would have bee n2. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _______ able to advise you much better than I can.2005A. would beB. will have bee nC. wasD. Were3、与将来事实相反:从句sb did (should+do 或were+to do),主句sb would (should, could, might)+do 。
专四考前英语语法考点归纳

英语语法考点归纳情态动词的用法1. may , might 或许,可能,可以(might可以看作是may的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。
当然may 和might又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。
)might常用于表示目的等状语从句中,或用于虚拟语气的结构中:I could not convince him , try as I might .我无论用什么样的办法也不能说服他。
They left off earlier on that day so that they might catch the first train .那天,他们为了赶上头班车动身早一些。
He died so that the others might live .为了其他的人能活下去,他自己牺牲了。
注意:在回答以may引导的问句时,一般说来避免使用may,以免显得太严厉、或不太客气,而改用其他方式。
例如:--May I come in ? --Yes , please .请进。
我可以进来吗?-Sure . / Certainly .请进。
--Please don't . .请不要进来。
--No , you mustn't .不行。
2. must 应该,必须,一定1) 表示出于职责、义务该做某事We must protect people's rights .我们应该保护人民的利益。
Everyone must be loyal to his motherland .每个人都应该忠于自己的祖国。
2)表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事We must speed up the pace of our economic reform .我们必须加速经济改革的步伐。
We must keep steps to the scientific development .我们一定要与科学的发展保持一致步调。
英语专业四级语法重点汇总

English英语专八专四学习复习资料英语专四语法重点汇总一、非谓语动词的主要考点1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的,但是在意思上是有区别的,主要常考到的动词罗列如下:mean to do想要(做某事)VS mean doing意味(做某事)propose to do 打算(做某事)VS propose doing建议(做某事)forget to do忘记(要做的事)VS forget doing忘记(已做的事)remember to do记得(要做某事)VS remember doing记得(做过)go on to do继而(做另一件事)VS go on doing继续(做原来的事)stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾VS regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔2. 不定式的习惯用法典型句型整理如下:如:“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事”如:“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事”如:“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事”如:“can do nothing but do”——“不能不做某事”如:“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事”如:“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事”例句:The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the usefulinstruction given by his family tutor.When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus.3. 动名词的习惯用法典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下:如:be busy/active doing sth.如:It’s no good/use doing sth.如:spend/waste time doing sth.如:have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.如:have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.如:There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.例句:There is no use crying over spilt milk.(典型例句)牛奶洒了,哭也没用;后悔是没有用的;覆水难受I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.二、形容词与副词及其比较级1. 形容词的句法功能形容词通常在句子中用做定语、表语与主语的语法成分,通常考到的知识点总结如下:(1) 以“a”开头的形容词如“alone”、“alike”、“asleep”、“awake”等一般不能做前置定语,通常是做表语或后置定语的例句:Jerry didn’t pass the important final exam, please let him alone for the time being.Michael came back from job just now, and his eyes were shut and he seemed to have fallen asleep.(2) 某些以副词词缀“-ly”结尾的词其实是形容词,不能看错是副词,例如“friendly”、“leisurely”、“lovely”等(3) 下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词,注意用做系动词时,要求形容词做表语这些典型单词罗列如下:“remain”、“keep”、“become”、“get”、“grow”、“go”、“come”、“turn”、“stay”、“stand”、“run”、“prove”、“seem”、“appear”、“look”等例句:The situation remains tense between the two countries at this juncture. 在这个节骨眼上,两国形势仍然持续紧张。
专四常考语法点汇总.doc

语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一:从属分句复合句 = 主句 +从句( 1 个或 1 个以上)要点1 从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分,以语法功能作为分类标准,从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句(即定语从句)和名词性从句。
其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式等;名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
要点 2 状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、让步、方式和时间状语从句上;关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别;名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句。
一状语从句状语从句真题剖析:1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008, 53)A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had tostay behind to finish his assignment. (2008, 55)A. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. (2008, 54)A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____. (2008,60)A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left. (2009 ,60)A. whenB. asC. untilD. than6 ____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask meto work overtime withoutpay.(2010,55)A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However7 Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that8 He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ___ thathe paid me back the following week. (2005)A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if 9Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of causeA. I got a job as soon as I left university.B. As there was onanswer, I wrote again.C. You must do the exercise as I show you.D. Wealthy as he is, Mark is not a happy man.状语从句重点总结:(一)条件状语从句:表示条件或假设,通常由以下连词或结构引导:If 如果unless 如果不;除非as long as 只要so long as 只要on condition that条件是in the event that 如果,在的情况下provided/providing that 假如given that 如果suppose/supposing that 假如assuming (that ) 假如say 假如★特别提醒几种不常用的条件状语从句举例:In the event that she can not arrive on time, we will go first.Suppose it snowed, we would still go.Say what he said were true, what would you do about it(二)让步状语从句:含有“虽然,尽管,即使”之意,主要引导词有:though/although 虽然even if/even though 即使no matter + 疑问词无论疑问词 +ever 无论in spite of the fact that 尽管while 尽管much as 不管尽管for all that 尽管as/though granted/granting (that ) 虽然,尽管★特别提醒1.几种不常用的让步状语从句举例:In spite of the fact that he was deaf and dumb, he had a genius for music. While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.Much as she needed the job, she had to refuse.For all that there were a lot of difficulties,he finally entered the final competition and won.Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.2. 用了 although 或 though ,就一定不能再后面的从句中同时用but ,但是though 可以和 yet 连用。
TEM4 语法重点

TEM4 语法与词汇一、语法复习重点1.动词时态——完成时If he __ the windows, he expects to be paid.A.will paintB. paintsC. had paintedD. has paintedIt is estimated that by the end of this year the output of our factory __ by three times when compared with that of 2006.A.will have increasedB. has increasedC. will be increasingD. has been increasing2.被动语态——经常与其它语法项目的混合To his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder __ out and three men climbing down it.A.throwingB. being thrownC. having thrownD. having been thrown3.虚拟语气1)should (可省) + v原He left orders that nothing __ touched until the police arrived here.A.Should beB. ought to beC. must beD. would beHer facial expression suggested that she __ angry.A. should beB. must beC. wasD. be2)过去式表示作者主观愿望或说话委婉If you have really been studying English for so long, it is about time you __ able to write letters in English. (1999)A.should beB. wereC. must beD. are注:在wish, would rather, prefer 后的宾语从句以及在if only, as if, it is (high) time 等后边接的从句中,常使用过去时的相关时态3)公式化表虚拟——即主从句时态相互制约,呈现出一定的规律性All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there __ quite such a crowd of people there. (2000)A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t be4. 情态动词——重点测试与动词完成时连用所表达的特殊含义,如must have done…, cannot have done…一定(不),准是(不),表述对过去发生的事很有把握地猜测。
英语专四专八考试-专四语法题8大高频考点

专四语法题8大高频考点专四语言运用题包含语法与词汇两部分,各约10题选择题。
考试时间为10分钟。
语法主要测试学生对基本语法概念的熟练程度。
词汇主要测试词汇、词组和短语的辨析及用法。
高频考点1: 句子成分句子成分指的是组成句子的成分。
句子中必须具备的成分包括主语、谓语;可能有的成分包括宾语、补语、修饰语(定语、状语、同位语)。
近年专四考试中,主要考查某个词、短语或从句在句中充当的成分,同位语、补语、形式主语、形式宾语等是考查热点。
真题例证Xinchun returned from abroad a different man. The italicized part functions as a(n) in the sentence.A. appositiveB. objectC. adverbialD. complement【解析】本题考查句子成分分析。
a different man接在动词之后,但却是对主语Xinchun起着解释或描述作用的成分,因此为主语补足语。
因此选D。
高频考点2: 虚拟语气真题例证If there were no subjunctive mood, English much easier to learn.A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been【解析】本题表示与现在事实相反的假设,考查虚拟语气。
表示与现在事实相反,条件从句用一般过去时,主句使用should (would)+动词原形。
本题选B。
高频考点3: 情态动词1. 情态动词的一般用法情态动词在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。
英文中的情态动词主要有:can, could; may, might; must; ought; need; dare;另外shall, will, should, would在一定的场合也可用作情态动词。
表示对目前状况、目前正在进行的动作的猜测,结构如下:must/may/might be + 名词/介词短语/v.-ing/v.-ed/副词;当上述结构用于疑问式或否定式时,must常用can取代。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
专四语法常考高频考点高频考点1: 句子成分句子成分指的是组成句子的成分。
句子中必须具备的成分包括主语、谓语;可能有的成分包括宾语、补语、修饰语(定语、状语、同位语)。
近年专四考试中,主要考查某个词、短语或从句在句中充当的成分,同位语、补语、形式主语、形式宾语等是考查热点。
真题例证Xinchun returned from abroad a different man. The italicized part functions as a(n) in the sentence.A. appositiveB. objectC. adverbialD. complement【解析】本题考查句子成分分析。
a different man接在动词之后,但却是对主语Xinchun起着解释或描述作用的成分,因此为主语补足语。
因此选D。
高频考点2: 虚拟语气1. if条件句中的虚拟语气2. insist/ suggest/ propose/ advise/ recommend/ order/ command/ demand/ require/ request/ + that + (should)动词原形3. if only引导的感叹句if only从语义和用法上都相当于I wish,后面的谓语动词用一般过去时表示目前的愿望,用过去完成时表示过去的愿望,用would/could do表示对将来期望。
1) 表示与现在相反的愿望:wish/if only + 主语+ 动词过去式;2) 表示与过去相反的愿望:wish/if only + 主语+ had + 过去分词;would/could + have + 过去分词;3) 表示与将来相反的愿望:wish/if only + 主语+ would/could/might + 动词原形。
真题例证If there were no subjunctive mood, English much easier to learn.A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been【解析】本题表示与现在事实相反的假设,考查虚拟语气。
表示与现在事实相反,条件从句用一般过去时,主句使用should (would)+动词原形。
本题选B。
高频考点3: 情态动词1. 情态动词的一般用法情态动词在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。
英文中的情态动词主要有:can, could; may, might; must; ought; need; dare;另外shall, will, should, would在一定的场合也可用作情态动词。
表示对目前状况、目前正在进行的动作的猜测,结构如下:must/may/might be + 名词/介词短语/v.-ing/v.-ed/副词;当上述结构用于疑问式或否定式时,must常用can取代。
2. 情态动词与完成时的连用1) needn't have done表示过去做了某事,但事实上没有做的必要,意为"本不必要……";2) can't/couldn't have done表示推测某种动作不可能发生;3) may/might have done表示对过去事情的推测;4) must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,其疑问形式用can/could来表示,否定形式用can't/couldn't;5) should/would have done表示本应该做某事却没有做,用于对已发生的情况表示"责备"、"不满"。
真题例证Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She by bus.A. must have goneB. should have goneC. ought to have goneD. could have gone【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。
must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,根据句意应选A。
高频考点4: 状语从句1. 让步状语从句连接词让步状语从句可由下列连词或结构引导:though/although (虽然), even if/even though (即使), however (尽管), whatever (不管), no matter (how, what, where, when) (不管[怎样、什么、哪里、何时]), whether (... or) (不管), granted that (即使), for all that (尽管如此), in spite of the fact that (尽管), regardless of the fact that (尽管)等。
此外,while引导让步状语从句时,只能放在句首,意义上相当于although。
2. 条件状语从句条件状语从句可由下列连词引导: if, unless, as long as/ so long as, on condition that, suppose/ supposing, provided/ providing that, granted/ granting (that), given (that), in the eve nt that等。
3. 原因状语从句原因状语从句可由下列连词引导: because, since, in that, now that, seeing that, considering that, in as much as, by reason that, for the reason that, on the ground that等。
4. 结果、目的状语从句1) 结果状语从句通常由以下连接词(组)引导: so... that..., such... that..., so that, that, consequently, to such a degree/an extent that, with the result that等。
2) 目的状语从句通常由以下连接词(组)引导:so that, in order that, that, in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that等。
5. 时间状语从句时间状语从句通常由以下连接词(组)引导: when, while, as, immediately, once, directly, instantly, as soon as, no sooner... than, scarcely/ hardly/ barely... when, every time, any time, next time, the moment, the minute, the instant, the day, the year, till, until。
真题例证He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, that he paid me back the following week.A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if【解析】本题考查词组的含义和用法。
四个选项中只有C项on condition后面跟that从句,是正确答案,表示"在……条件下,如果,倘若"。
A项on occasion表示"间或,有时";B项on purpose"故意";D项only if"只要,只有",用于句首时,后面主句的主谓语要倒装。
高频考点5: 名词性从句名词性从句多由连词that,whether/if, wh-疑问词或由what或wh-ever关系代词引导,根据表示法分类,名词性从句主要有三种,即that从句,wh-从句和whether、if引导的名词性从句。
真题例证Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause (主语从句)?A. We are quite certain that we will get there in time.B. He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.C. She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.D. It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.【解析】本题考查句子结构。
D中的It是形式主语,that引导真实的主语从句。
本题选D。
高频考点6: 主谓一致处理主谓一致有如下三条原则:1) 语法一致,即:主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式(不包括复数形式单数概念的名词)。
2) 概念一致,即:谓语动词的单、复数形式要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面的语法标志。
3) 就近原则,即:谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
真题例证Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT?A. Politics are the art or science of government.B. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me.C. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.D. All the furniture has arrived undamaged.【解析】本题考查主谓一致。
politics作"政治学"讲时,谓语动词用单数,因此A项语法上错误。
ten miles看作整体,因此用单数;mumps"腮腺炎"虽以s结尾,却是不可数名词,谓语用单数;furniture 是不可数名词,因此也用单数。
高频考点7: 非谓语动词非谓语动词顾名思义,是指不作谓语的动词,主要包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。
非谓语动词可作主语、宾语、状语、定语、补语等,专四考试中常考非谓语动词作状语、主语、宾语。