Intelligent Transportation Systems

Intelligent Transportation Systems IntroductionIntelligent Transportation Systems is the forefront of transportation technology in the world, it is in a better road facilities on the basis of IT, data communication technology, electronics and sensor technology, global positioning technology, geographic information systems technology, computer processing technology and systems engineering technology, organically integrated used in ground transportation management system, and built up a wide range, all-round play a role in real-time, accurate, efficient, intelligent traffic management systems.This system the general operation of the process: collected from a variety of road traffic and service information to focus on traffic management dispatch center, transfer to the highway transportation system users, travelers can choose real-time mode of transportation and transportation routes; traffic management departments can use it for traffic control and incident handling; the transport sector to keep abreast of the operation of vehicles, reasonable scheduling, so that transport infrastructure can play the greatest performance, improve service quality, so that society can efficiently use the transportation facilities and energy, resulting in huge social and economic benefits.The developed countries since the 1980s, noted that although the modern road network extending in all directions, but with the economic development, traffic congestion, worsening obstruction, traffic pollution and accidents in prison also increased significantly, and the road network capacity can not meet the needs of traffic growth. For the factory to solve these problems, the countries to direct attention away from building more roads, expanding the scale of the road network transferred to the use of high technology to transform the existing transportation systems and their management system to solve many problems. In this regard, the United States, Japan and four European developed countries doing very well, In order to solve the traffic problems facing the race to put a lot of money and manpower to beginlarge-scale intelligent transport systems (1TS) test and application. After unremitting efforts, many of the more successful the system has been developed out of many examples in this regard. Such as the early development of the mouth this MITI and the Science and Technology Department - kind of test traffic control system, the system is actually the best route guidance system that monitors vehicles on the road with the control center equipped with computers, vehicles monitor traffic information detected by the computer processing is given a driver traveling the best path. This comprehensive traffic control system, so the driver has the initiative in the most official initiative choose to stick on the basis of the current road conditions, route. Another successful example is: the late 1980s, funded by the U.S. Department of Transportation and vehicle manufacturers experiment "way finding" system in Los Angeles and Florida. This kind of "way finding" system attached to the urban traffic control system on wireless communications and data transmission system to maintain contact with the vehicle, the system can be detected traffic information is added to the map, so the driver can at a glance know the traffic situation in front on the road feel their own initiative, initiative, flexibility to choose the path they want to go.With the development of various disciplines, countries have developed example, such as car navigation systems, communication systems of the side of the road, public transport priority system, parking system, parking guidance systems and the U.S. recently successfully developed autopilot system, a very greatly promoted the development and application of ITS.As the most economically developed, the most technologically advanced superpower, the United States. Was lagging behind in research and development of intelligent transport systems, but by virtue of its advanced technology advantage has come from behind, a recent experimental study and practical application in a leading position. In the planning of the development of intelligent transport systems, it attaches great importance to the ITS will form a huge market, extensive andfar-reaching study on the field of ITS services. 1991 Ground Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) in March 1995, the U.S. Department of Transportationofficially published a "National Intelligent Transport Systems project planning, clearly defined seven major areas of intelligent transport systems (ie, the basic system) and 29 user service functions (ie subsystems), seven of which include: travel and traffic management systems, travel demand management, public transport operators, commercial vehicle operating systems, electronic toll collection system, emergency management systems, advanced vehicle control and security system.In the next few years, with the urban intelligent transportation system gradually established and perfected, the ITS system will undoubtedly become an important part of the urban transport system. With the continuous standardization and regulation of related equipment, and ITS technology innovation, making the ITS system in the function is continuous improvement, continuous improvement in performance. Future ITS system will exceed the existing red light running, speeding capture, mount license plate identification, the unitary function of the traffic signal detection, intelligent and integrated ITS system will become more prominent.Since ITS will travel the roads and means of transport three as a whole system taken into account, thus making the transport infrastructure to achieve maximum performance, traffic jams and traffic congestion has been effectively resolved, the travelers' safety and comfort significantly improved, and society as a whole to get the huge social and economic benefits by saving energy and protecting the environment. Intelligent transport systems to accelerate the pace of transport into the information age, which is an important direction of development of the modern transportation system in the 21st century; its huge market capacity has decided this is a new,large-scale national industrial and is one of the world's largest several industries of the 21st century.proposed Intelligent Transportation SystemsTraffic safety, traffic congestion and environmental pollution is troubled by the three major problems of today's international transport sector, especially the mostserious traffic safety problem. According to expert studies, the use of intelligent transportation technologies to improve the level of road management, the only traffic accidents each year the number of deaths can be reduced by 30%, and improve transport efficiency in the use of more than 50%. To this end, the developed countries of the world rushing a lot of money and manpower to conduct large-scale research trials of intelligent transportation technologies.The major cities of the world today all there is traffic congestion problem. In the United States, the period 1976 to 1997, annual vehicle mileage rate of 77 percent of the rise, but growth in the number of miles of road construction over the same period was only 2% in city traffic during the peak period, 54% of the car in a crowded state. Due to traffic congestion, the daily consumption of time in the evening than usual, an average of more than 1.5h. Lead to commercial vehicles in the transportation delays, increased transportation costs. However, limited land and economic constraints, such as making road construction can not be achieved relatively satisfactory mileage, so we need to improve the capacity of the road network in the expansion of the scale of the road network under the premise. This requires the integrated use of modern information and communication technology and other means to improve the efficiency of transport. Intelligent transportation systems be considered is the solution to the increased number of traffic accidents, road traffic congestion and environmental and other social problems in the way, is expected to have a positive impact of road transport in the 21st century.ITS study abroad and applicationThe United States, Western Europe and Japan and other developed countries in order to solve the traffic problems faced by common rushing a lot of money and manpower to start large-scale research trials of the road transport intelligent.For ITS research and development of the annual budget of the U.S. federal government from 1990 to 1997 totaled $ 1,293,500,000; the European Union from1984 to 1998 was only used for the ITS joint research and development budget for the project amounted to 28 billion European Currency Unit; the Government ofJapan1996 and 1997 for ITS research and development budget of 16.1 billion yen for ITS practical application and infrastructure construction budget of 1,285 billion yen.In the United States, several aspects of the ITS application development faster, respectively, vehicle security system (51%), electronic toll collection (37%), road and vehicle management systems (28 percent), real-time automatic positioning system (20%), commercial vehicle management system (14%).Progress in ITS applications in Europe, between Japan and the United States. European governments to diversify investment and national ITS demand inconsistent, difficult to establish a unified traffic information service system in the whole of Europe. However, in the development of advanced traveler information systems (ATIS), advanced vehicle control system (AVCS), advanced commercial vehicle operation system (ACVO), advanced electronic toll collection system, prospects are very attractive.Reflected in the above illustration is the DELTA program, being carried out in Europe before the car factory, car beacons have been integrated in the onboard computer will choose the device for identification of vehicles and the vehicles communicate with roadside equipment, beacon power directly from the carsupply.The Japanese government in the ITS field, a large number of funds, policies and other aspects of the investment with a view to the formation of the ITS industry to promote Japan's economic development. In the past5-6years, nearly4 million sets of car navigation systems applications in the market. Japan's ITS applications in traffic information; electronic toll collection; public transport; management of commercial vehicles and emergency vehicles priority aspects.Outside Europe, the United States, Japan, newly industrialized and developing countries also started a comprehensive development and research of ITS, such as South Korea led by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation has developed a comprehensive ITS frame structure and development plans, and Singapore has been launched in the country stop electronic toll collection. Countries around the world to carry out the ITS research and development, in addition to the reasons to solve the traffic problem, another important point of departure is the ITS will be the largest application market following the military applications of high-tech. It is not difficult to explain why in developed countries to invest such a huge human and financial resources in the ITS field.At the same time we can see from the above, the use of geographic information system (GIS), GPS, dedicated short range communication (DSRC) technology development of the ATIS, ETC, CVO vehicle safety system as ITS applications on a global scale has shown a trend.Prospect for Intelligent Transportation SystemsIn the future society, ITS research will get more high-speed and full development of the ITS as a new industry, its development and will certainly promote the development of other industries, especially communication, control and other industrial and intelligent industrial development.Development of ITS is also faced with the following questions: First, social issues, the investment is too large, such as the United States the ADVAN whichproject; the other hand, the ITS, the artificial intelligence technology practical application to be further developed.In addition, the further development of the ITS also depends on a number of key technology: the connotation technology of the transportation industry, one of the key technology is the model of three-dimensional traffic forecasts, namely the road network, real-time dynamic traffic prediction model; GPS positioning system, by the satellite component of the receiving part, management and control of composition, can solve the car's location, speed and time of the three Enquirer control terminal - different frequency radar transceiver installed in the roadside column or line instructions on the rack and vehicle.; vehicle sensors, including the detection of vehicle motion sensor driving control state sensors, control sensors, the sports environment detection sensors monitoring sensors and abnormal state; navigation technology refers to the travel route before the trip or en route or travel mode choice guidance, including the location map database, guidance, sensor technology, communications technology, the integrated use of automatic vehicle location technology and computer technology; gyro, the term vehicle positioning and navigation, can measure the angular transformation, attitude position; electronic map database, can give the exact location of the street address or intersection can be calculated into the road trip, auxiliary driving along the fixed-line traffic, to provide all the necessary information to the traveler. ITS development and research, due to a late start, the starting point is low, with foreign countries there is a considerable distance. However, in some of China's major cities, population density, poor road conditions, traffic congestion is already more than the big cities in developed countries. The good news is that China has a growing number of transportation researchers into the research of intelligent transportation systems and operations management, scientific contribute to the modernization of China's transportation business.智能交通系统概述智能交通系统，即ITS(Intelligent Transportation Systems)，是当前世界上交通运输科技的前沿，它是在较完善的道路设施基础上将信息技术、数据通信技术、电子传感技术、全球定位技术、地理信息系统技术、计算机处理技术以及系统工程技术等有机地集成运用于整个地面交通管理体系，而建立起的一种在大范围内、全方位发挥作用的实时、准确、高效、智能的交通运输管理系统。