史学论文写作之外文文献与摘要关键词的翻译问题.ppt
如何翻译英文摘要36页PPT
56、书不仅是生活，而且是现在、过 去和未 来文化 生活的 源泉。 ——库 法耶夫 57、生命不可能有两次，但许多人连一 次也不 善于度 过。— —吕凯 特 58、问渠哪得清如许，为有源头活水来 。—— 朱熹 59、我的努力求学没有得到别的好处， 只不过 是愈来 愈发觉 自己的 无知。 ——笛 卡儿
1、不要ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้言放弃，否则对不起自己。
2、要冒一次险!整个生命就是一场冒险。走得最远的人，常是愿意 去做，并愿意去冒险的人。“稳妥”之船，从未能从岸边走远。-戴尔．卡耐基。
梦 境
3、人生就像一杯没有加糖的咖啡，喝起来是苦涩的，回味起来却有 久久不会退去的余香。
如何翻译英文摘要4、守业的最好办法就是不断的发展。 5、当爱不能完美，我宁愿选择无悔，不管来生多么美丽，我不愿失 去今生对你的记忆，我不求天长地久的美景，我只要生生世世的轮 回里有你。
拉
60、生活的道路一旦选定，就要勇敢地 走到底 ，决不 回头。 ——左
3、中英文摘要及关键词
论文题目（三号黑体，加粗，居中）——如有副标题（五号黑体，常规，居中）（空一行）摘要（小四号黑体加粗，居左空两格）：×××××××××××××××（五号宋体，常规，单倍行距）（空一行）关键词（小四号黑体加粗，居左空两格）：×××；××；×××××（五号宋体，常规，单倍行距）要求：1.中文摘要、关键词和英文摘要、关键词均需另起一页，分页打印。
2.中文摘要、关键词题头用小四号黑体，加粗，居左空两格排写；内容部分用五号宋体字，常规，单倍行距。
关键词各词条间用分号“；”隔开。
摘要、关键词之间空一行。
3．英文摘要、关键词题头用小四号Times New Roman加粗, 居左空两格排写；内容部分用五号Times New Roman，常规，单倍行距。
关键词各词条间用分号“；”隔开。
摘要与关键词之间空一行。
（英文题目）(居中)Abstract：Lao She's attitude towards this typical image of Xiangzi is very complicated: On one hand he has offered the abundant affirmation to Xiangzi's innate bright quality , on one hand individual struggled the blindness of the road was denied to Xiangzi; He offer deep sympathy by unfortunate life to Xiangzi on one hand, awakening go on the deep criticism to Xiangzi on the other hand. Meanwhile, between author and that piece bad person become dark society of spirit go on the merciless revealing and accusation too itself. Affirm and deny , sympathize with and criticize coexisting , make the works already have abundant realistic intension, different from the general realistic works again.Key words：Xiangzi；affirm；deny；sympathize；criticize coexisting。
如何撰写毕业论文的英文摘要与关键词
如何撰写毕业论文的英文摘要与关键词AbstractWriting an abstract for a graduation thesis is an essential part of the research process. The abstract serves as a summary of the entire thesis, providing a concise overview of the research objectives, methodology, results, and conclusions. This article aims to guide students on how to effectively draft an abstract for their graduation thesis, including tips on content, structure, and language usage.Keywords: abstract, graduation thesis, research objectives, methodology, results, conclusions1. IntroductionThe abstract of a graduation thesis plays a crucial role in informing readers about the main aspects of the research without requiring them to read the entire thesis. Therefore, it needs to be informative, concise, and well-written in order to capture the reader's attention. This section will provide an overview of the key elements to consider when writing an abstract.2. Content of the AbstractThe content of the abstract should reflect the main components of the graduation thesis. First, it should clearly state the research objectives and the problem statement. This sets the context for the research and allows readers to understand the purpose of the study. Next, the abstract should outline the methodology used to conduct the research, including the data collection methods and analysis techniques employed. It is important to highlight thekey findings and results obtained from the research, showcasing the significance and implications of the study. Finally, the abstract should summarize the main conclusions drawn from the research, highlighting any recommendations or further areas of study.3. Structure of the AbstractTo ensure clarity and coherence, the abstract should follow a specific structure. It is recommended to use the following format: introduction, method, results, and conclusion. This structure allows readers to easily navigate the abstract and understand the main aspects of the research. Each section within the abstract should be concise, yet provide enough information to convey the main ideas effectively.4. Language UsageWhen writing the abstract, it is important to use clear and concise language. Avoid using jargon or technical terms that may not be familiar to all readers. Instead, use plain language to ensure that the abstract can be understood by a wide range of audiences. Additionally, focus on using active voice and avoid excessive use of passive voice to enhance the readability of the abstract. Lastly, proofread the abstract carefully to avoid any grammatical or spelling errors that could hinder the overall clarity of the text.5. Length of the AbstractThe length of the abstract may vary depending on the requirements set by the educational institution or the journal publishing guidelines. However, as a general guideline, the abstract should not exceed 250-300 words. It is important to be concise and selective in the information provided, focusingonly on the key aspects of the research. Remember that the abstract acts as a summary and should not include excessive details or citations.6. Finalizing the AbstractOnce the abstract is drafted, it is essential to review and revise it to ensure accuracy and coherence. Seek feedback from advisors, professors, or peers to gather different perspectives and improve the quality of the abstract. Ensure that the abstract aligns with the content of the graduation thesis and accurately reflects the research conducted. Additionally, double-check the formatting and style requirements to ensure compliance with the specific guidelines provided.In conclusion, writing an abstract for a graduation thesis requires careful consideration of the content, structure, and language usage. The abstract should provide a concise summary of the research objectives, methodology, results, and conclusions. By following the guidelines outlined in this article, students can effectively draft an abstract that captures the essence of their research and engages the readers.Keywords: abstract, graduation thesis, research objectives, methodology, results, conclusions。
外文文献检索教程ppt课件
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课题检索要点
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关键词分析举例
先对课题进行分析
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出版来源
点击选择硕士论文
按年份检索
底部相关检索
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例如：搜索风险投资管理方面的文献，需要两个关键词，中间用并含
风险投资
管理
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课题
得到中文关键词
Key words
翻译
Key words
检索结果
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检索结果太少了？
去掉某方面要求； 放宽检索范围； 同义词及缩写形式； 使用单数单词检索； 使用通配符； ……
只检索药物上瘾方面的文章
时间放宽到1995年以来，不限定学 科领域
关键词可以出现在文章任何字段
增加drug addiction的同义词：drug dependence，therapy的同义词: treatment
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期刊覆盖的学科领域 (2011年)
• 农业和生物学 (182)
• 能源和动力 (55)
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• 化学工程学 (95)
• 免疫学和微生物学 (104)
• 化学 (115)
• 材料科学 (141)
引文提示：某一篇文章又被新的文章所引用
期刊提示：关注的期刊出版了新的一期
主题提示：关注的主题有新的文章发表
历史追踪（检索历史与操作历史）
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翻译报告-论文翻译PPT课件
了解相关领域的背景知识，以便更准确地理解和 翻译专业术语。
长句翻译问题
句子结构分析
01
对长句进行结构分析，理清句子主干和修饰成分，以便更准确
地传达原文意思。
语言表达流畅性
02
在保持原文意思的基础上，调整句子结构，使目标语言的表达
更加流畅自然。
语境理解
03
结合上下文语境理解长句意思，避免因脱离语境而导致的误译。
Part
04
翻译技巧与策略应用
词义选择技巧
根据上下文语境选择词义
在翻译过程中，同一个单词在不同语境下可能有不同的含义，需 要根据化较多，而汉语中相对较少。在翻译时，需要根据目 标语言的表达习惯，灵活地进行词性转换。
掌握专业术语
在学术论文翻译中，涉及大量专业术语。准确理解和翻译这些术语 对于保证译文质量至关重要。
学术论文翻译涉及语言学、文化学、专业 领域知识等多个方面，未来可以加强跨学 科合作，共同推动学术论文翻译的发展。
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感谢您的观看
翻译报告-论文翻译 ppt课件
• 引言 • 翻译过程概述 • 原文与译文对比分析 • 翻译技巧与策略应用 • 翻译难点与问题探讨 • 总结与展望
目录
Part
01
引言
报告目的和背景
目的
本报告旨在介绍论文翻译ppt课件的制作过程、翻译技巧及注意事项，帮助读者更好地理 解和应用论文内容。
背景
随着国际学术交流的日益频繁，论文翻译成为促进学术传播的重要手段。ppt课件作为一 种直观、生动的展示方式，在学术报告中具有重要地位。因此，制作高质量的论文翻译 ppt课件对于提升学术交流效果具有重要意义。
文化背景知识运用
英文摘要的写法PPT课件
英文摘要是用英文来表述文章的重要部分， 写作要求很高：ABC原则，即
A：准确（accuracy） 文字表达要准确，不引起
读者误解;选词要准确
B：简练（brevity）写短句; 尽量去掉多余的词
(4) 一个名词不宜用多个前置形容词来修饰，可 改用复合词，兼用后置定语
(5) 力求简捷 需采取的措施
措施一：取消一些不必要的词句
基本要素
in this paper, It is reported that…， Extensive investigations show that…， The author discusses…，This paper concerned with…，
EI 数据库建议
基本要素
用过去时态叙述作者工作 用现在时态叙述作者结论
2、语态
基本要素
目前，英文摘要仍以被动语态居多
可以在主语部分集中较多的信息，起到信息前 置，语义鲜明突出的效果
主动语态也偶有出现，并有增长的趋势
主动语态表达的语句文字清晰、简捷明快，表 现力强，动作的执行者和动作的承受者一目了 然，往往给人一种干净利落、泾渭分明的感觉
试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。 2. IR, DSC, and NMR were used to investigate the structure of the polymer. 我们用红外、热分析和核磁来 研究聚合物的结构。 3. 我们用苯乙烯和丁二烯为单体共聚制备丁苯橡胶 Styrene and butadiene were used as monomers to prepare SBR through co-polymerization.
史学论文写作之外文文献与摘要关键词的翻译问题
• Part of Sentence • Format: Sentence start[In-Text Citation Sequential Number]sentence end. • Example: They have been proven to play different but vital roles in the ecosystem2 （这里 的数字应为上标） and students should plant them on Earth Day. • Additional information may be found at the Council of Science Editors website (/).
• Author Cited Within Text • Format: [Author Last Name] ([Year Published]) sentence. • Example: Dr. Milton (2004) theorizes that there is correlation between students’ expressions in a class and the grade that the students earn in that class.
• Direct Quotation • Format: Sentence ([Author Last Name], [Year Published], [Page Number(s)]). • Example: “There is a correlation between students’ expressions in a class and the grade that the students earn in that class” (Milton, 2004, p. 2). • Additional information may be found at the American Psychological Association website (/).
《文献翻译译》课件
注意文化背景
考虑原文的文化背景，理解特 定词汇或表达方式的深层含义
。
解决疑难问题
遇到难以理解的句子或词汇时 ，借助工具书或请教他人，确
保准确理解。
表达原文
选择恰当词汇
根据原文含义，选择最 符合目标语言的对应词 汇，确保准确传达原文
意思。
重构句子结构
根据目标语言的表达习 惯，调整句子结构，使
跨文化培训与教育
为了培养更多具备跨文化能力的翻译人才，相关 培训和教育机构将加强跨文化交际能力的培养。
翻译标准的制定与完善
统一翻译标准的探索
01
为了提高文献翻译的规范性和准确性，将积极探索制定统一的
翻译标准，推动翻译行业的规范化发展。
翻译质量评估体系的建立
02
建立科学的翻译质量评估体系，对翻译作品进行客观、公正的
总结词
灵活运用、同义词选择、专业术语翻译
详细描述
在翻译过程中，译者需要灵活运用词汇，根据语境选择合 适的同义词进行替换，避免重复。同时，对于专业术语的 翻译，需要准确把握其含义，并采用规范、权威的译法。
总结词
词义辨析、语义把握、文化差异处理
详细描述
在词汇的选择与翻译中，译者需要进行词义辨析，准确把 握词汇的语义。同时，还需要注意文化差异的处理，确保 译文符合目标语言的表达习惯和文化背景。
文献翻译的重要性
促进文化交流
文献翻译是不同文化之间交流的桥梁，通过文献翻译，人 们可以了解不同国家和地区的文化、历史、社会等方面的 信息，促进文化交流和相互理解。
推动经济发展
在国际贸易和商业合作中，文献翻译是必不可少的环节。 准确的商务文件翻译可以帮助企业更好地理解合作方的需 求和条件，促进商业合作和经济发展。
外文文献汇报PPT课件
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2、Introduction and Background
Background: 1、General setting
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Fig.2 Hydrogeological cross section in the Middle Tarim River, see Fig. 1 for the location
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2、Introduction and Background
Background: 3、Climate
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Table 1 Runoff changes at each station on the Tarim River (108 m3).
Literatures Source
2023最新整理收集 do something
1
第1页/共44页
Article structure
1、Results and Discussion 2、Conclusions 3、references
Phase 4
1、Sampling 2、Analyses
Phase 3
1、Introduction 2、Background
Phase 2
1、Title and author 2、Summary
Phase 1
第2页/共44页
Contents
1
Summary
2 Introduction and Background
英文摘要写作PPT课件
When obtains the warm radiation object blackness is a rule which increases along with the temperature ascension.
The result was obtained that the emittance of actual substance increases with increasing temperature.
• 用单个词代替词组。
• 句法方面：
• 运用长句多于短句，简单句多于复合句； • 中文摘要惯用无人称句，长句出现也较频繁，翻
译时，不应以汉语的自然句来硬译，须重新安排。
第12页/共24页
五、英文摘要翻译要求
• 时态方面： • 一般现在时：用于介绍研究目的、内容、结果、结论等客观事实； • 现在完成时：用来说明论文的发展背景，表示已取得的成果，已完成的工作或项目； • 一般过去时：用于说明某一具体项目的发展情况，介绍已进行的研究、实验等。
that …
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四、英文摘要翻译原则
• 要避免按中文的字面意思逐字逐句生搬硬译，即避免“中国式英语”； • 领悟汉语中所隐含的逻辑关系，运用适当的关联词语对原文结构进行必要的变动； • 注意中英文差别，遵循并使用英文习惯用法。
英文学术论文翻译-中英文对照(二)精品PPT课件
• They sold grain on credit during time of famine.
• How much do I have to my credit?
• 然而，由于许多技术上的困难，这一主 张在当时终成泡影。
• The mighty Pacific washes the
shores of five continents---North America，South America，Asia， Australia，and Antarctica.
• “What America has lost，” says one veteran observer，“is the cocky，do-anything assurance of the l950s.”
• 帝国主义者的性格既残暴，又狡猾。
• Every life has its roses and thorns. • 每个人的生活都有苦有甜。
• 基本词义具体化
• The electric generator has been given a good checking.
• 该发电机已经过彻底检查。
• 他执政期间有两个特点：一是该国的石油 收入猛增；二是由于滥用每年220亿美元 的石油收入而开始形成社会政治危机。这 是显而易见的。
• Achieving these will depend, in very large measure, upon the mobilization and education of the entire population, in particular, on improving the education of girls and women —who are, at once, the most educationally deprived part of the population and that with the greatest unexploited potential and talent.
英语专业文献的翻译PPT课件
• 限于篇幅，本章只提及某些业已进行的研究工作。
18.04.2020
精品课件
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四、翻译过程之一原文理解阶段
• 翻译成败的关键是理解。译者要弄清每个词语、每个词组、 每个单句的确切含义，也要弄清每一句话的结构、逻辑、重 点、与上下文的关系、所采用的语气等，即弄清原作的全部 精神实质。这就是说不仅要吃透一字一句表面上的意思，而 且还要寻觅原作字里行间、笔墨之外的精微细妙的意向和信 息。一句话，翻译工作者对原文理解的准确和透彻与否，对 译文的质量有着举足轻重的影响。
18.04.2020
精品课件
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翻译的基本方式及其选择
• 意译：只忠于原文的内容，不拘泥于原文的形式， 较常用。
• 音译：如 motor,radar,laser,microphone,model,AIDS等。
• 阐译：用解释性的语言来表述译文。 • Summing settings 夏季野游时所用的一套物件，
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精品课件
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二. 翻译的标准
翻译标准是翻译实践的准则和衡量译文好坏的尺度。 翻译标准有三条：
(1)准确明白。“准确”，就是说译文要准确无误 地表达原文含义，不得有错。“明白”，即要求译 文不仅要忠实于原文，而且应清楚明白地转达原文 的意思，没有模糊不清之处。为此，必须正确理解 原文，使译文不产生歧义。
• 2) The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original;（译文的风格 和笔调应与原文的性质相同）；
• 3) A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.（译文应和原作同样流畅）。
英文文献讲解最终版PPT课件
学习总结
经常不断地学习,你就什么都知道。你知道得越多,你就越有力量 Study Constantly, And You Will Know Everything. The More
You Know, The More Powerful You Will Be
However, apart from weight loss, there isn't effective treatment for NAFLD. Anti-NAFLD drugs (such as statin and fibrate, etc.) have a high risk and side effects of cardiovascular events and nervous system, and and are unsuited for long supplementation[13].Phytochemicals are attracting increasing attention because of their health benefits and relatively lower toxicity, and are thought to be suitable for long supplementation
Materials and methods
Animals and animal treatments
实验方法
实验结果
新芒果苷对NAFLD大鼠体重、摄食量和能量摄入量的影响; 新芒果苷对NAFLD大鼠器官和脂肪组织的相对重量的影响; 新芒果苷对NAFLD大鼠血清生化检测的影响; 新芒果苷对NAFLD大鼠肝脏和粪便脂质的影响; 新芒果苷对NAFLD大鼠肝脏中氧化指标的影响; 新芒果苷对NAFLD大鼠肝脏脂肪、全身脂肪以及棕色脂肪的
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• Example:
Title Page #
References
• Book Author, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year). Book Title. (Vols. Volume#(s)). In First Initial. Middle Initial. Editor Last Name (Ed.), Published City, Published State: Publisher.
• Book Author Last Name, First Initial. Book Title. City Published (State Published): Publisher; Year. Total Page Numbers p.
• Entire Sentence(s)
• Format: Sentence(s)[In-Text Citation Sequential Number].
• Example:
• Heading Page #
• Cited References
• Web Document Author. Site Title [home page on the Internet]. Published City (Published State): Publisher; Year Month Day. [cited Year Month Day]. Available from: URL Address.
• Direct Quotation • Format: Sentence ([Author Last Name], [Year
Published], [Page Number(s)]). • Example: “There is a correlation between
students’ expressions in a class and the grade that the students earn in that class” (Milton, 2004, p. 2).
• Part of Sentence
• Format: Sentence start[In-Text Citation Sequential Number]sentence end.
• Example: They have been proven to play different but vital roles in the ecosystem2 （这里 的数字应为上标） and students should plant them on Earth Day.
• APA格式指的就是美国心理学会American Psychological Association）出版的《美 国心理协会刊物准则》，目前已出版至第 六版，总页数272页，而此协会是目前在美 国具有权威性的心理学学者组织。APA格式 起源于1929年，当时只有7页，被刊登在
《心理学期刊 Psychological Bulletin。
• What is CSE?
• The Council of Science Editors was established in 2000. CSE is an extension of the Council of Biology Editors (CBE), which was originally formed in 1957. The CSE goal is to develop an internationally congruent writing style to foster communication and abundant information.
• How is CSE different?
• Like the APA style, the CSE style focuses on citing the date, rather than the author, of a source. The CSE referencing formats include details that help differentiate similar articles in the same work.
• How is MLA different?
• The MLA style focuses on citing information about the author of a research source. Who created a source is more significant than when it was published.
• Example: Last Name Page #
Works Cited • Book Author Last Name, Author First Name. Book Title.
ed. Editor First Name Editor Last Name. City Published: Publisher, Year. • Website Author Last Name, Author First Name. Site Title. ed. Editor First Name Last Name. Publication Day Month. Year. Accessed Day Month. Year. <URL Address>.
• When is CSE used?
• CSE is used for work with hard sciences or international purposes. CSE is unsuitable for literary work because of the detail it requires.
• Additional information may be found at the Modern Language Association website (/).
• 2. APA 格式l Association (APA，美国心理学会)所用的 Reference模式
• Author Not Cited Within Text
• Format: Sentence ([Author Last Name], [Year Published]).
• Example: There is a correlation between students’ expressions in a class and the grade that the students earn in that class (Milton, 2004).
• What is APA?
• The American Psychological Association (APA) style is the preferred means of citing resources in the social sciences circle.
• The APA writing manual is in its 5th edition and is newer than the MLA writing style.
• The current MLA writing manual is the sixth edition. A new manual has been published about once every decade over the approximately fifty years of MLA style’s existence.
• How is APA different?
• APA references focus on the date and title of a research source instead of the author. This is because one author or journal can have three similar articles, as well as because scientific information changes.
• APA格式是一个为广泛接受的研究论文撰写 格式，特别针对社会科学领域的研究，规 范学术文献的引用和参考文献的撰写方法， 以及表格、图表、注脚和附录的编排方式。
• APA格式因采用哈佛大学文章引用的格式而 广为人知，其“作者和日期”的引用方式 和“括号内引用法”相当著名。
• When is APA used?
• Additional information may be found at the American Psychological Association website (/).
• 3. CSE 格式——Council of Science Editors (CSE，科学编辑委员会)所用的Cited References模式
• Example: It is important to understand the implications of the word problem, as well as the logic of the formulas used to find the correct answer1（这里的数字应为上 标）.
• Web Document Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year). In Web Document Title. (chap. Chapter/Section). Retrieved Month. Day, Year, from URL Address
• Author Cited Within Text
• Format: [Author Last Name] ([Year Published]) sentence.