生鲜电子商务物流配送模式研究外文文献翻译2017
物流外文文献翻译(DOC)
外文文献原稿和译文原稿Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.First, the advantages of using a third-party logisticsThe use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in:1, focus on core businessManufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their core energy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.2, cost-savingProfessional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of 1.18 percent, the average flow of goods from 7.1 days to 3.9 days, stock 8.2% lower.3, reduction of inventoryThird-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages.4, enhance the corporate imageThird-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve completecontrol, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics managementThe purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price at the right time and suitable sites available to customers.Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systemsapproach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer se rvice purposes.Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems inWhile third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to:1, resistance to changeMany companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, we reflow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.2, lack of awarenessFor third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in the competition.3, fear of losing controlAs a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over to others, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies.4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexitySupply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practical business, including theintegration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factors Accurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence. Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy.China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:1, operating modelAt present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. Theestablishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domestic logistics enterprises.2, the lack of storage or transport capacityThe primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers. 3, network problemsThere are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regional branches of the density problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market position.Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development of enterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends tomajor aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities.译文物流已广泛应用于经济领域中的英文单词“物流”，军事后勤保障的原意，在二战结束后的第二面。
电子商务物流配送外文文献译文及原文
电子商务物流配送外文文献译文及原文Increased competitiveness in all industrial sectors sharpened by globalization and fall of global supply is forcing companies towards optimization of their business processes and new ways of mergers or partnerships with direct results in decreased business costs. With these strategic alliances new management strategies are formed as Clusters, Supply Chain Management (SCM), E-logistics, etc. Some authors are making references that logistic are “worth ” 10% to 12% of GDP (Sahay, 2003). According to AMR research (Challenger, 2001), E-logistics has a potential of lowering costs by 10 %. On basics of these two references we can conclude that E-logistics can save our money for as much as 1.2% of GDP. Therefore it is not surprised that in last few years in high effective companies as Hewlett-Packard, Compaq, Digital Equipment Corporation, Xerox, Dell and Benetton Group top management is favorable to Supply Chain and therefore E-logistics (Romano, 2003).There is collection of literature indicating the importance ofclusters and networks not only between firms, but along the value chain and across industries. The networks inherent in these clusters areintegral for knowledge generation and diffusion, for technology transfer, for sharing risk and costs, for allowing firms to access new markets and opportunities and, finally, for building comparative advantage in the global market.Porter (Porter, 1990) defines clusters as geographic concentrations ofinterconnected companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, firms in related industries, and associated institutions. He proposed a model that provides conditions that have to be met for a firm to be internationally competitive and successful. This model focuses on four primary conditions which he arranged in a diamond-shaped diagram: factor conditions, demand conditions, structures of firms and rivalry and related and supporting industries. The "Related and Supporting Industries" feature of the diamond denotes the importance of clustering in developing international competitive advantage incorporating two features of a healthy cluster: the presence of vertical support through internationally competitive supplier industries which ensure costeffective and speedy deliveries; and the presence of horizontal support in internationally competitive related industries to co-ordinate and share activities with and to stimulate local competition.In the article informatization of STLC will be presented through the project Modeling, Analyzing and Renovation, Standardization and Informatization of business processes of the Slovenian Transport Logistics Cluster which is performed by Business Informatics Institute in Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. With informatization have logistic compani es' not just better connectivitywith their customers and suppliers but also better performance and faster responds. To achieve appropriate level of informatization STLC must invest inmodern information technologies. One of possiblesolutions is use of internet with his costless policy and in last years high security as the most appropriate communication channel.For all logistic companies it is assumed to control global logistic chain of their customers and therefore are dependent on successful implementation of informatization technologies which leads to decrease of inventory costs, better customer retention, asset management, etc.增加对全球化和全球供应下降削尖所有工业部门的竞争力，迫使他们对优化业务流程和兼并或在降低经营成本的直接成果的伙伴关系的新途径公司。
物流配送外文翻译文献
物流配送外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Logistics distribution1. INTRODUCTIONLogistics is normally considered as nothing more than getting the right product to the right place at the right time for the least cost. Faced with a rapidly changing environment, revolutionary changes in technology, continued government deregulation, the shortening of product life cycle, proliferation of product lines and shifts in traditionalmanufacturer-retailer relationships, many organisations have had to rethink their traditional assumptions.Over the last ten years one of the most significant changes in management thinking was the emphasis on the search for strategies that will provide superior value in competition. Logistics management has the potential to assist the organisation in the achievement of both a cost/productivity advantage and a value advantage. The importance of logistics and its integration in the supply chain was argued by.China is a huge consumer market that accounted for a third of global economic growth over the past three years. Its development speed and potential cannot be ignored by the rest of the world. As a result of China’s internal and external economic attributes, most of the global consumer brands have established operations there. In particular in the automobile industry, many of the leading global OEMs including Honda, Toyota, General Motors, V olkswagen and Ford have established joint-venture partnerships with local car manufacturers. Auto sales in China rose by 76% in the year to July 2003 and by 2011, China is expected to surpass Japan to become the world’s second largest auto market. In order to compete in the Chinese market share and satisfy increasing demand, these operations are continuously expanding their production volumes with astonishing speed. Such expansion is, however carried out in the context of a legacy environment.China spans a large geographical area with, in many parts, under-developed infrastructure. This presents a challenge to efficient deployment of logistics strategies. Furthermore, the involvement of third party logistics providers, favoured by most global OEMs, is an emergent consideration in China. Finally, the conflicts that inevitably arise in the joint venture partnerships lead to delays in the introduction of western logistics management experiences and methods from the OEMs. All these factors increase the difficulties in managing logistics by China’s local auto makers.2. The overall development of foreign distribution Overview2.1 The United States of modern logistics developmentTwenty-first century from the 60s on wards, the rationalization of distribution of goods in general are valued in the United States to take the following measures: First, the warehouse will replace the old distribution center: The second is the management of the introduction of computer networks, on the loading and unloading, handling, custody, standardized operation, improve operating efficiency; Third, the common chain distribution centers set up to promote the growth of chain-effective. United States chain stores have a variety of distribution centers, mainly in the wholesale-based, retail and warehouse-type three types.2.2 Japan's modern logistics developmentOn logistics and distribution of wood with the following features: well-developed distribution channels, frequent, low-volume stock, logistics and distribution reflects the common and set the trend sticks, logistics and distribution cooperative, the Government planning in the development of modern logistics and distribution play an important role in the process of .2.3 European modern development of logisticsCountries in Europe, especially Germany, logistics refers to the user's orders in accordance with the requirements of positions in the logistics sub-goods distribution, the goods will be sent to the consignee with good activities. Germany's logistics industry formed of basic commodities from origin to distribution center, from the distribution center (and sometimes through more than one distribution center) arrive at the modern mode of end customers. Traveled in Germany, it can be said of the logistics and distribution in Germany has been formed to final demand-oriented to the modernization of transport and high-tech information network as a bridge to a reasonable R69 distribution center hub to run a complete system.2.4 the main reasons of logistics industry developing faster in developed countriesRelying on high-tech to the core economies of scale to allow flexibility based on a variety of forms.3、China's 3PL enterprises are facing a major obstacle to business3.1 The current situation of China's 3PLChina's 3PL enterprises: service radius of a small, low entry barriers. With the gradual warming heat logistics, urban logistics industry is also increasingly unitary covered by the importance and development. However, due to historical reasons in our country, the long-standing emphasis on production of a light flow, heavy flow to light the idea of the logistics, distribution of development in the not yet ripe at this stage, there is the issue more prominent in the following two aspects: the service delivery difficult to play a central role, the process of distribution of the low level of modernization.China's 3PL companies with foreign 3PL companies mainly in the gap between the three aspects: First, procurement capacity, and the other is logistics, and the third is cash flow. Aspects of logistics and distribution, foreign retailers have done very well, has a set of efficient logistics information system, which can effectively improve the inventory turnover rate, so as to enhance the return on assets and profitability. And domestic retailers in this area has just started, or have not yet started.3.2 distribution center lower the overall distribution, commercial chain failed to give full play to the advantagesFrom our point of view the existing commercial retail enterprises, in addition to some large, well-known commercial enterprises, the general commercial "chain" businesses are not set up their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics center. Although these companies have also established some of his own "chain" stores, but in fact operating goods stores do not do "unified procurement, unified distribution, unified billing," which allows some commercial retail enterprises, "chain" seems to exist in name only. The other has been established in their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics distribution center of commodities in commercial enterprises, the effectiveness of distribution centers has not been effective, which in turn affected the procurement cost of an integrated chain advantages, including outstanding manifested by the distribution center for goods distribution ratio of unity is very low. Uniform distribution logistics center can not beachieved, indicating the store's commercial enterprises "unified purchase" did not materialize, rather than a unified procurement chain has lost the core strengths.3.3 China's more enterprises are facing a major obstacle of the higher logistics costWal-Mart 8 5% of the commodities distribution through the distribution center, in which 80% is through the "zero inventory" of the more complete form of the distribution database. Wal-Mart as a result of the use of the "Cross distribution" and "auto-replenishment" of supply chain technology, so that goods turnover in the Treasury down to 2 days. And retail enterprises in China are in the 15-30 days, which reflects the retail , distribution enterprises, underdeveloped logistics system, distribution costs are too high. Rapid expansion of retail enterprises in China's size and speed in the short term if they can not form a qualitative edge is a dangerous speculation.Over the years the practice has proved that the multi-purpose logistics distribution center, intensive, low-cost supply hub, as well as the use of information technology to reorganize and upgrade the entire flow of the supply chain management is the core of large-scale retail enterprises strategy is to support the retail giant super-conventional development. The face of large-scale retail and distribution businesses of the main distribution center logistics requirements planning, focusing on how to reflect the integration of information flow in business flow, logistics, capital flow, so that the operation of retail enterprises to expand the logistics for the entire enterprise supply chain collaboration nodes and so that the whole positive and negative to minimize logistics cost of goods (including consumers, stores, logistics, distribution centers, headquarters, suppliers and partners), and a timely response to sales demand and timely replenishment. This is also a large-scale cross-regional, multi-format, chain retail enterprises have the capacity of the core competitive advantage.3.4 Lack of modern logistics management knowledge and expertise of logistics personnel.This is the third-party logistics industry in restricting the development of China's most important one of the bottlenecks. Logistics knowledge, especially in modern integrated third party logistics knowledge is far from being universal, but that its main business areas is to provide transportation and warehousing services, not know that it isnew to these traditional business integration of its business fields Far too simple to become connected with transport and storage of raw materials, semi-finished products supply, production process, material flow, the whole process of product distribution services, as cover flow, solid logistics, capital flow, information flow is equal to the integrated system of systems.4 to enhance core competitiveness, the implementation of integrated management"integrated management" is the original English Integrated SupplyProcess, refers to the production enterprises, office, life of a non-core business areas of the operation and management of integration as a Overall, as a business-oriented to manage outsourcing projects, by the special "integrated management" of the suppliers to provide full-service projects. "Integrated management" is not simply puts together the management of the business, but to improve management efficiency and reduce management costs as the core, combined with advanced information technology and network management features such as one organically integrated. Compared with the general outsourcing services, integrated management has the following characteristics:(1) It is not a business, but a complete outsourcing business from the operation of themanagement integration of outsourcing;(2) Outsourcing is not a core operation, but a comprehensive business management. Responsible for the entire business as a first-class suppliers, and its main task is to use its unique resources to conduct a comprehensive knowledge management, the operation of the specific is it managed by the secondary and tertiary suppliers to implement, so in the management of outsourcing functions based on the specific operation of the outsourcing; (3) In the case of the most important first-level suppliers, other than remuneration in the fixed service, its the only way to increase revenue for users to save costs as much as possible in order to share the proceeds of cost savings, rather than as general outsourcing as suppliers, mainly through an increase in turnover, that is, to increase spending to increase the user's own earnings. "Double bottom" principle of cooperation between the two sides can make astable and lasting.5 The third party logistics enterprise strategic choiceSummarized the latest of several foreign logistics theory and the development of third-party logistics with the current practice of foreign, third-party logistics firm's strategic choice to have the following three:（1）Lean Logistics StrategySince the lag theory and practice of logistics, our most extensive third-party logistics company or business, it can not accurately position their logistics services. If you do not reverse this situation as soon as possible, will be third-party logistics industry in China have restricted role. Lean production theory of logistics for our third-party logistics company provides a new development ideas for these enterprises to survive in the new economy and development opportunities. Lean Logistics concept originated in lean manufacturing. It is produced from the Toyota Motor Corporation 70 years in the last century by the original "Toyota Production System", after research by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and summary, was published in 1990 published "change the world of machines), a book. Lean thinking is the use of various modern management methods and means, based on the needs of society to fully play the role of people as a fundamental and effective allocation and rational use of corporate resources to maximize economic benefits for enterprises to seek a new Management philosophy. Lean Logistics Lean Thinking is the application in logistics management, logistics development must reflect. The so-called Lean Logistics means: the process by eliminating the production and supply of non-value added waste in order to reduce stocking time, improve customer satisfaction. The aim of Lean Logistics according to customer needs, providing customers with logistics services, while pursuing the provision of logistics services in the process to minimize waste and delay, the process of increasing value added logistics services. Lean logistics system is characterized by its high-quality, low cost, continuous improvement, driven by customer demand oriented logistics system. It requires establishing the customer first thought, on time, accurate andfast delivery of goods and information.In short, Lean Logistics, as a new management ideas, bound to have a third-party logistics enterprises in China have far-reaching impact, it will change the appearance of the extensive third party logistics management concept, the formation of third party logistics Core competitiveness.the establishment of small and medium third party logistics value chain allianceThird-party logistics enterprises of small and medium can not be independent because of their one-stop logistics services to provide full shortcomings, and because the small size of assets, services, not wide area so that small and medium enterprises in China's logistics third party logistics industry at a disadvantage. Therefore, third party logistics for small and medium enterprises, starting from their own resources to construct their own core competence is the key. As small and medium enterprise features of a single third-party logistics and incomplete, so based on their respective core competencies based on the structure of the logistics business enterprise cooperation is an effective capacity to make up for deficiencies, constitutes a feasible way of competitive advantage of logistics. Value chain is the use of systems approach to investigate the interaction between business and the analysis of all activities and their access to the resources of competitive advantage. Value of the business activities fall into two categories: basic activities and support activities. Basic activities are involved in product creation and sale of the material transferred to the buyer and after-sales service activities. Basic activities of supporting activities is to assist the revenue by providing outsourcing, technology, human resources and a variety of functions to support each other. Theory to analyze the value chain study the value of third party logistics chain composition, can be found in auxiliary activities, third party logistics enterprise and general business is no different, the basic activities in the third-party logistics companies has its own characteristics. Third-party logistics enterprises there is generally no commodity production process, only the re-circulation process, does not account for major components of a wide range of third-party logistics companies and thus become the basic operating activities of storage, transport, packaging, distribution, customer service and marketing, etc.link. Various aspects of the basic work activities, due to their own limited resources and capacity, can not have every aspect of an advantage in that value chain in terms of some of the deficiencies, resulting in their overall logistics function not complete, lack of corresponding competitiveness and comparative advantage in some sectors of the value chain due to lack of overall effect should not play. Therefore, third party logistics industry, small and medium sized logistics enterprises within the Union, should be based on the value chain between complementary on the basis of cooperation, make full use of professional logistics companies and logistics functions of specialized logistics organization and coordination of agents Flexible complementary integrated logistics capabilities. Third-party logistics for small and medium enterprises, value chain should start with the advantage of links to explore and develop the core competitiveness of enterprises, through the reconstruction of the value chain to avoid weaknesses.（2）Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization of strategyRapid development in IT and the Internet era, companies can not fight alone singles, but must be in the competition and collaboration, in cooperation and development. Thus, under modern conditions resulting from modern large-scale virtualized development of third-party logistics has a strong necessity. Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization is the logistics management resources of others who will have "all", through the network, the other part into its own logistics, with the help of others break the power of physical boundaries, extending to achieve their various Function, and thus expand their ability to enhance their strength. Therefore, the logistics information technology, virtualization is a means for the connection and coordination of temporary and dynamic alliance in the form of virtual logistics. Integrated logistics virtualization technology as a means of electronic communication, customer-focused, based on the opportunity to participate in members of the core competencies as a condition to an agreement for the common pursuit of goals and tasks, the different parts of the country's existing Resources to quickly mix into a no walls, beyond the space constraints, by means of electronic networks, contact the unified command of the virtual business entity, the fastest launch of high-quality, low-cost logistics service.Modern large-scale virtualization, including third-party logistics functions, organization, geographic three virtualization. Virtualization capabilities with third-party logistics enterprise IT technology will be distributed in different locations, different companies take different functions within the logistics resources (information, human, material and other resources) organized to accomplish a specific task, to achieve the optimization of social resources. Virtualization refers to the organizational structure of the logistics organization is always dynamically adjusted, not fixed, but also decentralized, flexible, self-management, flat network structure, its objectives and in accordance with changes in the environment re-combination, in a timely manner Reflect the market dynamics. Virtual is the regional third party logistics network through the Internet link the global logistics resources, removing barriers and national barriers, to production management to achieve "virtual neighbors. "物流配送1 导言物流通常被认为是将恰当的产品以最低的成本，在恰当的时间送达恰当的地点。
电子商务与现代物流中英文对照外文翻译文献
电子商务与现代物流中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Electronic commerce and physical distribution relations First, under the electronic commerce environment physical distribution pattern1. The use of EMS services in the logistics model.The enterprise either the business obtains information and so on consumer's shopping list and home address from the website or the hypothesized website, then goes through the special delivery formalities to the nearby post office to mail out the cargo, the customer receives the post office to take the goods notice, brings back to the locus post office the cargo, or delivers directly by the mailman the cargo in the customer hand. The use of EMS services with a convenient, fast characteristics. But, High fees, and very difficult to ensure that consumer receives goods within the time expecting that2. Corporate self-distribution logistics model station.The enterprise establishes own cargo allocation spot in the land's the customer crowded area, after obtaining the shopping information, delivers goods to the doorstep by an allocation personnel. This kind of physical distribution pattern may satisfy the customer “namely to buy namely results in” the shopping psychology demand. But it also has following problem: An allocation layout, the population equipment, the commodity reserve and so on determined reasonably very difficultly.3. draws support from the third party physical distribution enterprise's pattern. The third party physical distribution is the enterprise completes part or the complete physical distribution activity request for other specialized physical distribution company. The physical distribution company itself does not have the commodity, but forms the cooperation alliance with the enterprise, provides the service for the customer. Selects this physical distribution method, the service is the specialization, multi-purpose and omni-directional. But if the delivering goods quantity is too small, the delivery expense must be higher than generally other form service expense.Second, under the electronic commerce environment physical distributionexistence's question the1. The theoretical study of the logistics system and in-depth enough .Our country physical distribution management's researcher just contacted these new theories, waits for in further digests and absorbs.2. Lack of infrastructure, backward technology and equipment, the logistics industry is relatively backward.Our country Enterprise in the physical distribution aspect's Information technology, the integrated management and the computer applied technology level is generally low. Transport capacity can not meet the needs of industry, the main transport corridors are still prominent contradiction between supply and demand.3. Related the logistics of e-commerce environment laws and regulations remain to be improved.4. The logistics industry and logistics management training should be strengthened .The physical distribution talented person and the Information technology are realize the physical distribution modernization basic condition, the physical distribution talented person lack seriously, are unable to provide the enough intellectual support for the new physical distribution system's establishment.Third, physical distribution under electronic commerce environmental effect trend of development more than1. Multi-faceted - the direction of development of the logistics industry .In electronic commerce time, when the physical distribution develops the intensified stage, the integrated allocation center not only provides the warehousing and the transportation service, but must develop distributes orders, the allocation and so on each kind to enhance the added value the circulation processing service items. The modern supply chain management, through from supplies the chain to enable the physical distribution to consumer's synthesis operation to achieve the optimization. The enterprise pursues the comprehensive system's comprehensive effect more and more, from this kind of strategic angle embarking, physical distribution many are the logistics development direction.2. First-class services - the pursuit of logistics enterprises. Under the electroniccommerce influence, the logistics is situated between the suppliers and buys between the supplier the third party, is take serves as the objective. The physical distribution enterprise not only needs to serve for this area, must carry on the long distance service, not only because the customer the hope obtains the good service, moreover the hope service point is not, but are many places. Therefore, how to provide the high grade service then to become the physical distribution business management and the development core topic. Also only then has the first-class service physical distribution enterprise, can impel the electronic commerce truly the development.3. Information technology- the only way to modern logistics industry .In the electronic commerce time, must provide the best service, the physical distribution system must have the good information processing and the transmission system. When the cargo transports from the world, the customer then may place information and so on obtain the arrival time, receipt, so that the warehousing, the Transport company can prepare for, causes the commodity, in does not pause nearly in situation fast flowing, thus raises the service level greatly, reduces the cost, enhances the competitive power, also manifests the electronic commerce to depend on the convenience which well the network platform brings to be quick .electronic commerce and the physical distribution take the modern circulation two big methods, has the close relation. Electronic commerce takes the network time one kind of brand-new transaction pattern, is opposite in the tradition trading mode is a revolution. But, electronic commerce must have the modernized physical distribution technology support, can manifest its incomparable sophistication and the superiority. Only then develops the modernized physical distribution vigorously, electronic commerce can a better development. Along with the 21st century Information technology, the network development, will certainly to promote the electronic commerce and the physical distribution organic synthesis, the modernized physical distribution computerization will become the populace to live the indispensable important part.Fourth, e-commerce model of logisticsUnder electronic commerce the physical distribution and the allocation, are the Information technology, modernized, the socialized physical distribution and theallocation. Refers to the logistics and distribution network of enterprise computer technology and modern hardware devices, software systems and advanced management tools for social needs, strictly, keep the land in accordance with the user's order request, to conduct a series of classification, allocation, sorting , division of labor and distribution of work, such as cargo handling, timing, fixed-point, there is no quantitative way to limit the scope of the various types of users, to meet their demand for goods. We can see that this new type of logistics and distribution is based on a new look, becoming the vanguard of innovation in circulation Basin, on behalf of the modern marketing of the main direction. New type of logistics and distribution will enable the circulation of commodities in a more traditional way of logistics and distribution of information more easily, automation, modernization, social, intelligence, rationalization, simplification, which reduces the production of inventory, speed up cash flow and improve logistics efficiency and reduce logistics costs, also stimulated the social needs of society as a whole is conducive to macro-transfer space, but also to enhance the economic benefits of the whole society, and promote the healthy development of market economy. Traditional logistics and distribution centers can be divided into the following types: the main manufacturers in the distribution center to wholesalers as the main distribution center to retail distribution centers as the main body to the main storage for the transport of the distribution center. The traditional distribution model can be divided into the following: Set-based distribution model of cargo, bulk-type mixed distribution model and distribution model. Finally, this model combines the two types of distribution patterns of the previous advantages, can the flow of goods to carry out effective control of the entire process. Finally, this model combines the two types of distribution patterns in front of the merits of, may carry on the active control to the commodity circulation entire process. Uses this kind of allocation pattern the circulation enterprise, like regional physical distribution allocation center. This kind of operation pattern comparison meets the new physical distribution allocation requirement (Especially e-commerce logistics and distribution under).20th century 80's, the Western developed countries, such as the United States,France and Germany put forward a theory of modern logistics integration, application and guide the development of its logistics achieved significant results. Logistics is the logistics system integration as the core business from production through logistics, marketing companies, until the whole supply chain, consumers and systematic.Logistics integration is the development of logistics industry form, it must be fully developed third-party logistics and perfecting basis. Logistics integrated logistics management is a real problem, that is, specialization in logistics management and technical staff make full use of specialized logistics equipment, facilities, play a specialized logistics management experience, in order to obtain the best overall results. At the same time, Trends in the logistics integration has provided the good development environment and the giant market demand for the third party physical distribution's development.Fifth, the development of e-commerce can not be separated from objects of modern logisticsThis has become the people's consensus, that is why so many e-commerce company after years of exploration and the conclusions arrived at after. Today in e-commerce in full swing, many companies are still not solve the problem of logistics, freight service is still the bottleneck of the development of e-commerce. Claiming to solve the problem of a small number of logistics companies, but also made use of the national postal system, post office, city Express system, the delivery of books, audio-visual products such as small items. The more electronic commerce company adopted has requested the way which the factory, the business delivered goods to complete the customer.Sixth, e-commerce and modern logistics difficult to matchE-commerce enterprises to establish a match with the modern logistics enterprises is not an easy task, first of all, business investment as a result of a huge logistics, land, warehouse, loading and unloading, sorting, distribution, and management need to invest a lot of money. China's logistics enterprises in most of the existing facilities behind the shortage of funds, a heavy burden, unable to transform quickly and e-commerce, security, reliable fall far short of the requirements. Secondly, the segmentation of logistics enterprises in the industry seriously, there is no unifiedlogistics logistic management policies and practices. The transport sector ministries belong to different managements, warehousing sectors belong to different ministries and local. Circulation of documents caused by non-standard, non-uniform, non-GM, turbulent flow of goods, road toll stations, and charges a large amount of smooth flow of goods can not. Therefore, in order to make China's e-commerce to become new economic growth point and an important pillar of the national economy, the state and enterprises must pay great attention to the development of modern logistics and construction companies. In a sense said that the physical distribution facility's quality and physical distribution unobstructed, is a national comprehensive national strength and the economic development symbol.Seventh, electronic commerce and the modern physical distribution difficult to match solutionThe construction of modern logistics facilities, it is necessary to the actual situation in our country. States should establish the authority of the logistics management agencies, logistics development of China's future direction, speed, policies, facilities, systems, etc.; co-ordination to resolve ports and terminals, railways, highways, waterways, aviation sites, the hub of the sector issues and policy division ; the implementation of the work of the standardization of logistics; the logistics industry as the basic industry of the national economy, by providing loans, taxation, the introduction of such preferential treatment. And medium-sized cities should be planning the construction of an integrated logistics center to reduce the storage and transportation enterprises scattered phenomena. At the same time, the basis of logistics enterprises in China's poor, can not copy the developed countries of modern logistics equipment and mode of business. Attention should be paid to the existing storage area and the existing organization and integration of transport, logistics enterprises to mobilize existing positive factors and multi-channel transformation of the existing logistics facilities funding.E-commerce and modern logistics as the two major means of circulation, between closely related. E-commerce and logistics between the "actual situation accordingly," the relationship between the status of the logistics industry will greatlyenhance the supply chain will be a short circuit, and third-party logistics e-business environment will become the main form of logistics, procurement will be more convenient, the price will be lower, as a business flow, information flow and pooling of logistics centers, the implementation of centralized inventory, transport is divided into a transport and secondary transport, more convenient, "multimodal transport services" has been widely available, open-loop flow Information has become the main basis for logistics. However, e-commerce must have a modern logistics technology, it has to reflect the nature and the incomparable superiority to the maximum extent possible so that the two sides has been to facilitate transactions, access to benefits.电子商务与物流的关系一、电子商务环境下物流模式1、采用邮政特快专递服务的物流模式。
生鲜电子商务物流配送模式研究
生鲜电子商务物流配送模式研究一、本文概述随着电子商务的快速发展，生鲜产品的网络销售逐渐成为新的消费趋势。
生鲜电子商务物流配送模式的优化与创新，对于提升消费者购物体验、保障食品安全、推动行业健康发展具有重要意义。
本文旨在深入探讨生鲜电子商务物流配送模式的现状、问题与发展趋势，以期为行业提供有益参考。
本文将首先分析生鲜电子商务物流配送模式的基本概念和特点，明确研究的范围和对象。
在此基础上，对国内外生鲜电子商务物流配送模式的发展历程进行梳理，总结其成功经验与教训。
随后，通过案例分析，深入剖析当前我国生鲜电子商务物流配送模式存在的主要问题，如配送成本高、时效性差、损耗率高等。
针对这些问题，本文将进一步探讨如何通过技术创新、管理优化和政策支持等手段，推动生鲜电子商务物流配送模式的创新与发展。
本文还将关注生鲜电子商务物流配送模式的未来发展趋势，如智能化、绿色化、共享化等，并探讨这些趋势对行业的影响与挑战。
结合我国生鲜电子商务物流配送模式的实际情况，提出针对性的优化建议和发展策略，以期促进我国生鲜电子商务物流配送模式的健康、可持续发展。
二、生鲜电子商务市场概述生鲜电子商务市场是指通过网络平台进行的生鲜产品（包括蔬菜、水果、肉类、海鲜等）的交易活动。
近年来，随着互联网技术的快速发展和消费者购物习惯的改变，生鲜电子商务市场迅速崛起，并展现出巨大的发展潜力。
生鲜电子商务市场的兴起，主要得益于以下几个方面的因素。
网络购物的便捷性使得消费者能够足不出户地购买到新鲜的生鲜产品，节省了时间和精力。
生鲜电子商务平台通过优化供应链、提高物流效率等措施，保证了产品的新鲜度和质量，增强了消费者的购买信心。
生鲜电子商务平台还提供了丰富的产品选择和个性化的购物体验，满足了消费者多样化的需求。
然而，生鲜电子商务市场也面临着一些挑战。
一方面，生鲜产品的保质期短、易腐易损等特点使得物流配送成为了一大难题。
如何保证产品在运输过程中的新鲜度和质量，是生鲜电子商务平台需要解决的关键问题。
电子商务与现代物流中英文对照外文翻译文献
电子商务与现代物流中英文对照外文翻译文献In this model。
the XXX its own logistics system。
the enterprise can control the entire process of delivery。
XXX。
this model requires a XXX.3.Third-party logistics model.XXX ns to a third-party logistics provider。
The third-party logistics provider handles the entire logistics process。
XXX。
the enterprise may lose some control over the logistics process and may have to pay higher fees for the services provided.Second。
the impact of electronic commerce on physical n1.Shortening of the n chain.XXX intermediaries in the n process。
such as XXX.2.Increased demand for logistics services.As more consumers shop online。
XXX.3.XXX.Electronic commerce has led to the XXX logistics models。
XXX connect consumers with individuals who XXX.Overall。
electronic commerce has had a significant impacton physical n。
物流配送外文参考文献 物流配送外文文献及翻译
物流配送外文参考文献物流配送外文文献及翻译导读：就爱阅读网友为您分享以下“物流配送外文文献及翻译”资讯，希望对您有所帮助，感谢您对的支持!1. INTRODUCTIONLogistics is normally considered as nothing more than getting the right product to the right place at the right time for the least cost. Faced with a rapidly changing environment, revolutionary changes in technology, continued government deregulation, the shortening of product life cycle, proliferation of product lines and shifts in traditional manufacturer-retailer relationships, many organisations have had to rethink their traditional assumptions.Over the last ten years one of the most significant changes in management thinking was the emphasis on the search for strategies that will provide superior value in competition.Logistics management has the potential to assist the organisation in the achievement of both a cost/productivity advantage and a value advantage. The importance of logistics and its integration in the supply chain was argued by.China is a huge consumer market that accounted for a third of global economic growth over the past three years. Its development speed and potential cannot be ignored by the rest of the world. As a result of China’s internal and external economic attributes, most of the global consumer brands have established operations there. In particular in the automobile industry, many of the leading global OEMs including Honda, Toyota, General Motors, Volkswagen and Ford have established joint-venture partnerships with local car manufacturers. Auto sales in China rose by 76% in the year to July 2003 and by 2011, China is expected to surpass Japan to become the world’s second largest auto market. In order to compete in the Chinese market share and satisfy increasing demand, these operations are continuously expanding their production volumes with astonishing speed. Such expansion is, however carried out in the context of a legacy environment.China spans a large geographical area with, in many parts, under-developed infrastructure. This presents a challenge to efficient deployment of logistics strategies. Furthermore, the involvement of third party logistics providers, favoured by most globalOEMs, is an emergent consideration in China. Finally, the conflicts that inevitably arise in the joint venture partnerships lead to delays in the introduction of western logistics management experiences and methods from the OEMs. All these factors increase the difficulties in managing logistics by China’s local auto makers.2. The overall development of foreign distribution Overview2.1 The United States of modern logistics development Twenty-first century from the 60s on wards, the rationalization of distribution of goods in general are valued in the United States to take the following measures: First, the warehouse will replace the old distribution center: The second is the management of the introduction of computer networks, on the loading and unloading, handling, custody, standardized operation, improve operating efficiency; Third, the common chain distribution centers set up to promote thegrowth of chain-effective. United States chain stores have a variety of distribution centers, mainly in the wholesale-based, retail and warehouse-type three types.2.2 Japan’s modern logistics developmentOn logistics and distribution of wood with the following features: well-developed distribution channels, frequent, low-volume stock, logistics and distribution reflects the common and set the trend sticks, logistics and distribution cooperative, the Government planning in the development of modern logistics and distribution play an important role in the process of .2.3 European modern development of logisticsCountries in Europe, especially Germany, logistics refers to the user’s orders in accordance with the requirements of positions in the logistics sub-goods distribution, the goods will be sent to the consignee with good activities. Germany’s logistics industry formed of basic commodities from origin to distribution center, from the distribution center (and sometimes through more than one distribution center) arrive at the modern mode of end customers. Traveled in Germany, it can be said of the logistics and distribution in Germany has been formed to final demand-oriented to themodernization of transport and high-tech information network as a bridge to a reasonable R69 distribution center hub to run a complete system.2.4 the main reasons of logistics industry developing faster in developed countriesRelying on high-tech to the core economies of scale to allow flexibility based on a variety of forms.3、China’s 3PL enterprises are facing a major obstacle to business3.1 The current situation of China’s 3PLChina’s 3PL enterprises: service radius of a small, low entry barriers. With the gradual warming heat logistics, urban logistics industry is also increasingly unitary covered by the importance and development. However, due to historical reasons in our country, the long-standing emphasis on production of a light flow, heavy flow to light the idea of the logistics, distribution of development in the not yet ripe at this stage, there is the issue more prominent in the following two aspects: the service delivery difficult to play a central role, the process of distribution of the low level of modernization.China’s 3PL companies with for eign 3PL companiesmainly in the gap between the three aspects: First, procurement capacity, and the other is logistics, and the third is cash flow. Aspects of logistics and distribution, foreign retailers have done very well, has a set of efficient logistics information system, which can effectively improve the inventory turnover rate, so as to enhance the return on assets and profitability. And domestic retailers in this area has just started, or have not yet started.3.2 distribution center lower the overall distribution, commercial chain failed to give full play to the advantages From our point of view the existing commercial retail enterprises, in addition to some large, well-known commercial enterprises, the general commercial “chain” businesses are not set up their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics center. Although these companies have also established some of his own “chain” stores, but in factoperating goods stores do not do “unified procurement, unified distribu tion, unified billing,” which allows some commercial retail enterprises, “chain” seems to exist in name only. The other has been established in their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logisticsdistribution center of commodities in commercial enterprises, the effectiveness of distribution centers has not been effective, which in turn affected the procurement cost of an integrated chain advantages, including outstanding manifested by the distribution center for goods distribution ratio of unity is very low. Uniform distribution logistics center can not be achieved, indicating the store’s commercial enterprises “unified purchase” did not materialize, rather than a unified procurement chain has lost the core strengths.3.3 China’s more enterprises are facing a major obstacle of the higher logistics costWal-Mart 8 5% of the commodities distribution through the distribution center, in which 80% is through the “zero inventory” of the more complete form of the distribution database. Wal-Ma rt as a result of the use of the “Cross distribution” and “auto-replenishment” of supply chain technology, so that goods turnover in the Treasury down to 2 days. And retail enterprises in China are in the 15-30 days, which reflects the retail , distribution enterprises, underdeveloped logistics system, distribution costs are too high. Rapid expansion of retail enterprises in China’s size and speed in the short term if they can not form a qualitativeedge is a dangerous speculation.Over the years the practice has proved that the multi-purpose logistics distribution center, intensive, low-cost supply hub, as well as the use of information technology to reorganize and upgrade the entire flow of the supply chain management is the core of large-scale retail enterprises strategy is to support the retail giant super-conventional development. The face of large-scale retail and distribution businesses of the main distribution center logistics requirements planning, focusing on how to reflect the integration of information flow in business flow, logistics, capital flow, so that the operation of retail enterprises to expand the logistics for the entire enterprise supply chain collaboration nodes and so that the whole positive and negative to minimize logistics cost of goods (including consumers, stores, logistics, distribution centers, headquarters, suppliers and partners), and atimely response to sales demand and timely replenishment. This is also a large-scale cross-regional, multi-format, chain retail enterprises have the capacity of the core competitive advantage.3.4 Lack of modern logistics management knowledge andexpertise of logistics personnel.This is the third-party logistics industry in restricting the development of China’s most important one of the bottlenecks. Logistics knowledge, especially in modern integrated third party logistics knowledge is far from being universal, but that its main business areas is to provide transportation and warehousing services, not know that it is new to these traditional business integration of its business fields Far too simple to become connected with transport and storage of raw materials, semi-finished products supply, production process, material flow, the whole process of product distribution services, as cover flow, solid logistics, capital flow, information flow is equal to the integrated system of systems.。
(完整word版)物流外文文献翻译
外文文献原稿和译文原稿Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.First, the advantages of using a third-party logisticsThe use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in: 1, focus on core businessManufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their coreenergy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.2, cost-savingProfessional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of 1.18 percent, the average flow of goods from 7.1 days to 3.9 days, stock 8.2% lower.3, reduction of inventoryThird-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages.4, enhance the corporate imageThird-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics management The purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price atthe right time and suitable sites available to customers.Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer se rvice purposes.Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems in While third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to:1, resistance to changeMany companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, we reflow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.2, lack of awarenessFor third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in thecompetition.3, fear of losing controlAs a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over to others, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies. 4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexitySupply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practical business, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factorsAccurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence. Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy.China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:1, operating modelAt present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. The establishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domestic logistics enterprises.2, the lack of storage or transport capacityThe primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers. 3, network problemsThere are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regional branches of the density problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market position.Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development ofenterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities.译文物流已广泛应用于经济领域中的英文单词“物流”，军事后勤保障的原意，在二战结束后的第二面。
生鲜电子商务的物流配送模式研究
生鲜电子商务的物流配送模式研究摘要：各行各业在迅速发展的电商平台引领下，进入一个新的时代。
并随着网络技术的普及，使得人们更加依赖电子商务所带来的便利，怎样在日渐激烈的竞争中推广自身产品、扩大营销范围成为各企业间的核心问题。
而物流与生鲜的融合程度也成了企业在新领域内成败的关键因素之一。
在为居民提供优质产品和便捷服务的同时，生鲜电商较高的配送成本逐渐成为制约生鲜电商发展的重要问题。
生鲜电商提供的主要品类为果蔬和海鲜，具有损耗大和实效性强的特征，这对生鲜电商的配送效率提出了更高的要求。
因此，需要不断对配送模式进行创新，从而提高生鲜电商的配送效率。
关键词：生鲜产品；电子商务；物流电子商务平台的运用使生鲜产品得以通过网络途径进行销售，让水果、蔬菜、海鲜、肉类等农副产品突破传统供销模式，改变运输中的各个环节，进行系统的资源整合与利用。
使得电子商务平台信息量更广、综合服务更为全面，为农副产品营销渠道开辟新捷径。
但农产品自身存在易变质、破损，运输质量要求高等特点，极大增加了企业的运营成本，使部分产品在运输中失去价值。
因此根据需求与优缺点选择适合的电商配送方式才能优化市场占据更广的领域[1]。
1、生鲜电商物流配送中的问题1.1我国冷链物流配送资源严重不足生鲜电商平台所销售的产品多数为居民日常消费的食品，需要全程冷链物流，无论是干线运输还是仓储配送都要在低温下进行，因此，对冷链所需的物流设施和设备需求量很大。
截止到2018年，我国冷库总量达到5238万吨，但是，区域分布很不均衡，华东和华中地区的冷库占比接近50%，主要集中在北上广深等经济发达区域以及各类生鲜产品的原产地。
截止到2018年上半年，干线运输和配送所需的冷藏车数量35849辆。
虽然冷链设施和设备都呈现出快速增长的趋势，但相对生鲜电商的发展所需还有很大差距，导致冷链物流过程中“断链”和“冷链不冷”的现象时有发生，尤其是“最先一公里”和“最后一公里”达不到冷链物流的温度要求，增加了生鲜产品损耗，影响了生鲜产品品质，降低了用户体验。
生鲜电子商务物流配送模式研究
生鲜电子商务物流配送模式研究生鲜电子商务物流配送模式研究一、引言随着互联网的快速发展，电子商务成为了人们购物的主要渠道之一。
然而，在传统电子商务物流配送中，物品从仓库到达消费者手中需要经过较长的运输时间，这对于生鲜类商品来说是一个巨大的挑战。
为了保证生鲜商品的新鲜度和品质，生鲜电子商务物流配送模式亟需研究。
二、生鲜电子商务物流配送模式的挑战1. 温度控制：生鲜商品对温度要求较高，需要在整个物流过程中保持一定的冷链控制，以确保到达消费者手中时依然保持新鲜。
2. 突发事件处理：如交通堵塞、天气恶劣等情况会对物流配送造成不可预料的延误，需采取相应措施应对。
3. 配送网络搭建：要建立覆盖广泛的配送网络，以确保在最短的时间内将商品送达消费者手中。
4. 意外损坏：由于生鲜商品易受外界影响，如挤压、摔落等，需要采取相应包装和保护措施，减少损坏的可能性。
三、基于冷链物流的生鲜电子商务配送模式1. 仓库环境控制：建立具有温度控制设备的仓储中心，确保生鲜商品在储存期间始终处于合适的温度条件下。
2. 运输温控车辆：选择配备冷藏设备的运输车辆进行商品的运输，保持商品在运输过程中的低温状态。
3. 设备监控：利用传感器和监控设备对仓库和运输车辆进行实时监测，及时发现并解决任何温度异常情况。
4. 多渠道配送：建立多个销售中心，根据消费者的位置选择最近的销售中心发货，减少物流时间。
5. 客户预约配送时间：根据客户的需求，提前预约配送时间，确保在消费者最方便的时间送达商品。
四、生鲜电子商务物流配送模式的改进方案1. 引入无人机配送：无人机具有快速、便捷的优势，可以在无交通拥堵的情况下快速送达生鲜商品，提高物流配送效率。
2. 研发更先进的包装材料：采用更加牢固的包装材料，以减少商品在运输过程中的意外损坏。
3. 数据分析和预测：通过对客户购买数据的分析和预测，合理安排仓储和配送计划，提高配送效率和减少浪费。
4. 合作伙伴关系：与物流公司、仓储公司、冷链公司等合作，建立有效的合作伙伴关系，提高物流配送的整体效能。
物流配送中心外文文献原稿和译文
物流配送中心外文文献原稿和译文北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计(论文)——外文文献原稿和译文外文文献原稿和译文原稿logistics distribution center location factors:(1) the goods distribution and quantity. This is the distribution center and distribution of the object, such as goods source and the future of distribution, history and current and future forecast and development, etc. Distribution center should as far as possible and producer form in the area and distribution short optimization. The quantity of goods is along with the growth of the size distribution and constant growth. Goods higher growth rate, the more demand distribution center location is reasonable and reducing conveying process unnecessary waste.(2) transportation conditions. The location of logisticsdistribution center should be close to the transportation hub, and to form the logistics distribution center in the process of a proper nodes. In the conditional, distribution center should be as close to the railway station, port and highway.(3) land conditions. Logistics distribution center covers an area of land in increasingly expensive problem today is more and more important. Is the use of the existing land or land again? Land price? Whether toconform to the requirements of the plan for the government, and so on,in the construction distribution center have considered.(4) commodities flow. Enterprise production of consumer goods as thepopulation shift and change, should according to enterprise's better distribution system positioning. Meanwhile, industrial products market will transfer change, in order to determine the raw materials and semi-finished products of commodities such as change of flow in the location of logistics distribution center should be considered when the flow of the specific conditions of the relevant goods.(5) other factors. Such as labor, transportation and service convenience degree, investment restrictions, etc.1北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计(论文)——外文文献原稿和译文How to reduce logistics cost，enhance the adaptive capacity andstrain capacityof distribution center is a key research question of agricultural product logistics distribution center(At present，most of the research on logistics cost concentrates off theoretical analysis of directfactors of logistics cost, and solves the problem of over-high logistics Cost mainly by direct channel solution(This research stresses on the view of how to loeate distribution center, analyzes theinfluence of locating distribution center on logistics cost(and finds one kind of simple and easy locationmethod by carrying on the location analysis of distribution center through computer modeling and the application of Exeel(So the location of agricultural product logisticsdistribution center can be achieved scientifically and reasonably, which will attain the goal of reducing logistics cost, and have a decision(making support function to thelogisties facilities and planning of agricultural product(The agricultural product logistics distribution center deals with dozens and even hundreds of clients every day, and transactions are made in high-frequency. If the distribution center is far away from other distribution points，the moving andtransporting of materials and the collecting of operational data is inconvenient and costly. costly(The modernization of agricultural product logistics s distribution center is a complex engineering system，not only involves logistics technology, information technology, but also logistics management ideas and its methods，in particular thespecifying of strategic location and business model is essential for the constructing of distribution center. How to reduce logistics cost，enhance the adaptive capacity andstrain capacity of distribution center is a key research question of agricultural product logistics distribution center. The so—called logistics costs refers to the expendituresummation of manpower, material and financial resources in the moving process of the goods(such as loading and unloading，conveying，transport，storage，circulating，processing, information processing and other segments. In a word。
物流外文文献翻译精选文档
物流外文文献翻译精选文档TTMS system office room 【TTMS16H-TTMS2A-TTMS8Q8-外文文献原稿和译文原稿Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.First, the advantages of using a third-party logisticsThe use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in:1, focus on core businessManufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their core energy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.2, cost-savingProfessional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of percent, the average flow of goods from days to days, stock % lower.3, reduction of inventoryThird-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages.4, enhance the corporate imageThird-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics managementThe purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price at the right time and suitable sites available to customers.Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits ofmutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer se rvice purposes.Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems inWhile third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to:1, resistance to changeMany companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, we reflow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.2, lack of awarenessFor third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in the competition.3, fear of losing controlAs a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over toothers, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies.4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexitySupply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practical business, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factorsAccurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence.Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy.China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:1, operating modelAt present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. The establishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domestic logistics enterprises.2, the lack of storage or transport capacityThe primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers. 3, network problemsThere are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regionalbranches of the density problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market position.Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development of enterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities.译文物流已广泛应用于经济领域中的英文单词“物流”，军事后勤保障的原意，在二战结束后的第二面。
物流管理中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文:The Research of Regional Logistics CompetitivenessAbstractAt present, the development of logistics is the logistics demand rapid increase, the expanding market capacity, accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure, third-party logistics fast growth the tendency, the whole logistics industry is developing in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization. At the same time, with the rapid increase of logistics demand, the development of the regional logistics more rapidly. Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Regional economic integration can make the area and regional logistics incline to reasonable, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost, promote the development of regional logistics. On the other hand, the regionaleconomic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Therefore, the development of the regional logistics has become to improve the regional investment environment and industry development environment, expanding the scope of the regional influence, the key to enhancing regional competitiveness.Keywords: Regional logistics; Regional logistics competitiveness; Evaluation index 1 IntroductionThe rapid development of world economy and the progress of modern science and technology, the logistics industry as an emerging service industry, is developing rapidly in the global scope. Internationally, logistics industry is considered to be the economic development of the artery and basic industry, its development degree become to measure a country's modernization degree and comprehensive national strength, one of the important marks is known as the "third profit source" of the enterprise, its role is more and more big, became the current after the IT industry, financial industry's hottest emerging industry a new growth point of national economy, and caused widespread social attention. Regional logistics is an important component of regional economy, is the important force in the formation and development of regional economy, it is to improve the efficiency and economic benefit in the field of regional circulation, improve the competitive ability of regional market, etc., plays a positive role in active. Behind the rapid development of modern logistics, however, there are still many problems; including logistics competitiveness level is lower than the level of logistics development is particularly prominent. Choosing logistics competitiveness development level evaluation index, since there is no uniform standard, can only use freight or freight turnover scale to measure logistics. Implementation of goods transport is the process of logistics spatial displacement at the center of the link, with the two indicators to measure logistics scale has certain scientific, but it can't reflect the outline of the regional logistics. Estimates of logistics demand, typically based on GDP and total retail sales of social consumer goods such as index of national economic accounting. This is just a simple measure of the macro level, the proportion of different researchers use different, ranging from teens to twenty percent, there are large difference between the results and gives theoreticalanalysis greater difficulties. At the same time, the logistics industry's economic statistical data shortage, there is no comprehensive logistics demand statistics, which made us qualitative understanding of the level of understanding of logistics.2 Literature reviewAbout the Core Competence theory, Core Competence (Core Competence) of the original intention is the Core skills or Core skills, this concept is in 1990 by the American strategic management experts made (C.K.P rahalad) and Britain's strategic management experts hamer (c. amel), refers to the enterprise organization of accumulating knowledge, especially about how to coordinate different production skills and integrate a variety of technical knowledge, and on the basis of advantage over other competitors unique ability, namely Core Competence is built on the basis of enterprise Core resources, is the enterprise intelligence, technology, products, management, culture and other elements in the reflection of comprehensive advantage in the market. At present there are three typical academic argument: the ability theory represented by Rossby and Christie's school; School represented by porter's theory of market structure; Represented by Werner Phil and Penrose's theory of resource school. Core competitiveness is value, the ability to integrated, uniqueness, extensibility and inherent characteristics.Related theory, the study of regional logistics, the logistics research of Europe and the United States, Japan and other developed countries, focus on the enterprise level, is committed to providing enterprise optimization strategy. And regional logistics system and competitiveness research, involved. According to literature review, the regional international logistics field of research mainly includes the following aspects: (1) from the perspective of multinational company research the global logistics resources configuration and coordination problems. Specific include logistics infrastructure, market competition mechanism and the problem of logistics supply chain operation. Such research quantification technology such as using the operational research tools, more for the global network of supply chain facility location positioning, and coordinate the factory more support, strategic distribution system design problem. This is an extension of the logistics enterprise level optimization study, the commonly used methods include mathematical analytical method, system simulation method and heuristic methods, etc. If only one method and graphical method solving the problem of the layout of the site; Mixed integer programming solve the problem of siteselection of logistics center and logistics planning, etc.(2) from the perspective of urban economy and the environment, the research of urban traffic network Settings. For example Tanjguchietal from the city level, using a dynamic traffic simulation model, quantitative research economic growth, the transport demand, as well as the related road congestion and environmental pollution.(3) from the point of view of the city government, study its role in macro logistics development and utility. For example MeirJ. R and Senblatt, studied the global supply chain management in infrastructure financing, transportation and regional trading rules, corporate tax law of the government subsidies, and other effects of the main factors of global production and distribution network, etc.3 Introduction to the theory of regional logistics related3.1 The definition of regional logisticsAcademic definition of regional logistics has not yet unified, a more accepted view is that regional logistics is the geographical environment in a certain area, with large and medium-sized cities as the center, based on the regional scale and scope economy, combined with effective logistics service scope, area inside and outside of all kinds of goods from the supplier to accept to effective entity flow; Is the transport, storage, loading and unloading, handling, distribution, packaging, circulation processing, information processing, such as integrated logistics activities, to service in the composite system of regional economic development. It requires the integration, the integration of logistics management, namely to meet user needs for the purpose, to the goods, services and related information from the supplier to accept to the efficient flow of planning, execution, and control activities, is the organic unity of cash-flow, information flow and cash flow.3.2 Relationship of regional logistics subject, object and carrierRegional logistics has the characteristics of multi-level and multi-dimensional structure, its basic elements include logistics main body, object and logistics carrier, and the structure of the basic elements and their complete system, each element show different features, thus forming the function of the regional logistics. Regional logistics main body is directly involved in or specialized is engaged in the economic organization of regional logistics activity, including the owner of the goodsFlow, the third party logistics enterprise, storage and transportation enterprise, etc. Logistics is the supply chain logistics channels, the starting point and end point ofconnection in the whole course of the regional logistics activity plays a dominant and decisive role. Elements of the integrated logistics subject is the essential characteristic of modern logistics. Therefore, the elements of logistics as one of the main body, logistics has a decisive role in the development of logistics industry. Similar accumulation and regional economy industry, regional logistics also emphasizes the logistics main body accumulation, logistics main body in space is beneficial to promote the logistics activities of large-scale, intensive, body development, it is also a regional logistics park, logistics center, the objective basis of the formation of distribution centers, and regional logistics park, logistics center and distribution center determines the spatial structure of the regional logistics system.3.3 Regional logistics and regional economic relationsRegional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Logistics is always accompanied by business flow, the more advanced the regional economy, manufacturing and trading more active, the logistics industry as a service industry will have a good customer base and market infrastructure, the greater the chance of large-scale development. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Thus, regional logistics and regional economy is the unity of interdependence. Regional economy is the premise and foundation of regional logistics development, is the dominant force in the regional logistics development; Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, is the regional economic support system, and serve the regional economy. Regional logistics development goal and strategy must obey and serve the regional economic development goals and strategies.4 Regional logistics competitivenessRegional logistics competitiveness refers to a certain space range (generaladministrative area as the border, across regions), the logistics industry are different from other areas of the assignment of resources was made in the advantage, the logistics enterprises, government policy support and industrial innovation ability, eventually embodied through regional internal benign competition will be more than all kinds of resources, the ability to effectively integrate to form a complementary and integrated ability system, reflect the regional comparison of competitive power in the logistics activity, reflect the size of the regional logistics service ability and the logistics industry development level of high and low. The competitiveness of the regional logistics is mainly composed of six basic elements constitute: social and economic development level, scale of logistics demand and supply condition of logistics, the logistics development of logistics industry in the enterprise information development level, development level, the macro environment.4.1 The social and economic development levelComprehensive social and economic development level reflects the regional logistics competitiveness level of social economic basis, is the guarantee of development of regional logistics competitiveness, to provide support for the sustainable development of regional logistics, from the other side also reflects the competitiveness of regional logistics development potential and power.4.2 The logistics demand scaleLogistics demand scale is mainly refers to the logistics services in the field such as production, consumption and circulation quantity and scale, to some extent, restricted by local resource conditions, it reflects a region, the demand for logistics service level and size: the size of the logistics demand, determines the size of the logistics market capacity, is the premise of existence and development of regional logistics industry and the foundation.4.3 Logistics supply conditionThe supply condition of logistics refers to the logistics infrastructure provided for the development of the logistics industry, all kinds of logistics technology and equipment, is engaged in the logistics services enterprises and the corresponding professionals such as the number and size of traffic capacity and regional situation, the comprehensive reflection of regional logistics supply capacity and service level, reflects the effect on the development of the logistics industry to promote and satisfaction, is the main factor of the formation and development of regional logisticscompetition.4.4 Logistics enterprise development levelLogistics enterprise comprehensive development level reflects the regional logistics main body's ability to provide logistics services and meet customer demand, embodies the subject of logistics operation level, mainly including the enterprise competition ability, profit ability and performance level, reflect a certain period of logistics enterprises in the area of the overall level of development, is the key factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness.4.5 Information development levelMainly refers to the regional information development level of information degree and the level of information technology. Logistics is based on information flow, logistics has become more and more rely on the whole process of access to information. Many logistics enterprises have established their own information management system as a crucial to the development of its core competitiveness, the development level of information is the one important factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness level.4.6 Logistics macro environmentMacro environment refers to the logistics industry development of logistics industry development planning, land use policy, tax policy, market access policy, talent training, such as the soft environment, affecting the development of logistics industry reflects the external environment for the development of the logistics industry to provide favorable conditions and the environment support.译文:区域物流竞争力研究摘要当前，物流的发展正呈现出物流需求快速上升、市场容量不断扩大、物流基础设施建设加速、第三方物流快速成长的趋势，整个物流产业正朝着信息化、全球化和专业化的方向发展。
外文翻译---电子商务与物流的关系
外文翻译---电子商务与物流的关系附录Electronic commerce and physical distribution relations First, under the electronic commerce environment physical distribution pattern1. The use of EMS services in the logistics model.The enterprise either the business obtains information and so on consumer's shopping list and home address from the website or the hypothesized website, then goes through the special delivery formalities to the nearby post office to mail out the cargo, the customer receives the post office to take the goods notice, brings back to the locus post office the cargo, or delivers directly by the mailman the cargo in the customer hand. The use of EMS services with a convenient, fast characteristics. But, High fees, and very difficult to ensure that consumer receives goods within the time expecting that2. Corporate self-distribution logistics model station.The enterprise establishes own cargo allocation spot in the land's the customer crowded area, after obtaining the shopping information, delivers goods to the doorstep by an allocation personnel. This kind of physical distribution pattern may satisfy the customer “namely to buy namely results in” the shopping psychology demand. But it also has following problem: An allocation layout, the population equipment, the commodity reserve and so on determined reasonably very difficultly.3. draws support from the third party physical distribution enterprise's pattern. The third party physical distribution is the enterprise completes part or the complete physical distribution activity request for other specialized physical distribution company. The physical distribution company itself does not have the commodity, but forms the cooperation alliance with the enterprise, provides the service for the customer. Selects this physical distribution method, the service is the specialization, multi-purpose and omni-directional. But if the delivering goods quantity is too small, the delivery expense must be higher than generallyother form service expense.Second, under the electronic commerce environment physical distribution existence's question the1. The theoretical study of the logistics system and in-depth enough .Our country physical distribution management's researcher just contacted these new theories, waits for in further digests and absorbs.2. Lack of infrastructure, backward technology and equipment, the logistics industry is relatively backward.Our country Enterprise in the physical distribution aspect's Information technology, the integrated management and the computer applied technology level is generally low. Transport capacity can not meet the needs of industry, the main transport corridors are still prominent contradiction between supply and demand.3. Related the logistics of e-commerce environment laws and regulations remain to be improved.4. The logistics industry and logistics management training should be strengthened .The physical distribution talented person and the Information technology are realize the physical distribution modernization basic condition, the physical distribution talented person lack seriously, are unable to provide the enough intellectual support for the new physical distribution system's establishment.Third, physical distribution under electronic commerce environmental effect trend of development more than1. Multi-faceted - the direction of development of the logistics industry .In electronic commerce time, when the physical distribution develops the intensified stage, the integrated allocation center not only provides the warehousing and the transportation service, but must develop distributes orders, the allocation and so on each kind to enhance the added value the circulation processing service items. The modern supply chain management, through from supplies the chain to enable the physical distribution to consumer's synthesis operation to achieve theoptimization. The enterprise pursues the comprehensive system's comprehensive effect more and more, from this kind of strategic angle embarking, physical distribution many are the logistics development direction.2. First-class services - the pursuit of logistics enterprises. Under the electronic commerce influence, the logistics is situated between the suppliers and buys between the supplier the third party, is take serves as the objective. The physical distribution enterprise not only needs to serve for this area, must carry on the long distance service, not only because the customer the hope obtains the good service, moreover the hope service point is not, but are many places. Therefore, how to provide the high grade service then to become the physical distribution business management and the development core topic. Also only then has the first-class service physical distribution enterprise, can impel the electronic commerce truly the development.3. Information technology- the only way to modern logistics industry .In the electronic commerce time, must provide the best service, the physical distribution system must have the good information processing and the transmission system. When the cargo transports from the world, the customer then may place information and so on obtain the arrival time, receipt, so that the warehousing, the Transport company can prepare for, causes the commodity, in does not pause nearly in situation fast flowing, thus raises the service level greatly, reduces the cost, enhances the competitive power, also manifests the electronic commerce to depend on the convenience which well the network platform brings to be quick .electronic commerce and the physical distribution take the modern circulation two big methods, has the close relation. Electronic commerce takes the network time one kind of brand-new transaction pattern, is opposite in the tradition trading mode is a revolution. But, electronic commerce must have the modernized physical distribution technology support, can manifest its incomparable sophistication and the superiority. Only then develops the modernized physical distribution vigorously, electronic commerce can a better development. Along with the 21st century Information technology, thenetwork development, will certainly to promote the electronic commerce and the physical distribution organic synthesis, the modernized physical distribution computerization will become the populace to live the indispensable important part.Fourth, e-commerce model of logisticsUnder electronic commerce the physical distribution and the allocation, are the Information technology, modernized, the socialized physical distribution and the allocation. Refers to the logistics and distribution network of enterprise computer technology and modern hardware devices, software systems and advanced management tools for social needs, strictly, keep the land in accordance with the user's order request, to conduct a series of classification, allocation, sorting , division of labor and distribution of work, such as cargo handling, timing, fixed-point, there is no quantitative way to limit the scope of the various types of users, to meet their demand for goods. We can see that this new type of logistics and distribution is based on a new look, becoming the vanguard of innovation in circulation Basin, on behalf of the modern marketing of the main direction. New type of logistics and distribution will enable the circulation of commodities in a more traditional way of logistics and distribution of information more easily, automation, modernization, social, intelligence, rationalization, simplification, which reduces the production of inventory, speed up cash flow and improve logistics efficiency and reduce logistics costs, also stimulated the social needs of society as a whole is conducive to macro-transfer space, but also to enhance the economic benefits of the whole society, and promote the healthy development of market economy. Traditional logistics and distribution centers can be divided into the following types: the main manufacturers in the distribution center to wholesalers as the main distribution center to retail distribution centers as the main body to the main storage for the transport of the distribution center. The traditional distribution model can be divided into the following: Set-based distribution model of cargo, bulk-type mixed distribution model and distribution model. Finally, this model combinesthe two types of distribution patterns of the previous advantages, can the flow of goods to carry out effective control of the entire process. Finally, this model combines the two types of distribution patterns in front of the merits of, may carry on the active control to the commodity circulation entire process. Uses this kind of allocation pattern the circulation enterprise, like regional physical distribution allocation center. This kind of operation pattern comparison meets the new physical distribution allocation requirement (Especially e-commerce logistics and distribution under).20th century 80's, the Western developed countries, such as the United States, France and Germany put forward a theory of modern logistics integration, application and guide the development of its logistics achieved significant results. Logistics is the logistics system integration as the core business from production through logistics, marketing companies, until the whole supply chain, consumers and systematic.Logistics integration is the development of logistics industry form, it must be fully developed third-party logistics and perfecting basis. Logistics integrated logistics management is a real problem, that is, specialization in logistics management and technical staff make full use of specialized logistics equipment, facilities, play a specialized logistics management experience, in order to obtain the best overall results. At the same time, Trends in the logistics integration has provided the good development environment and the giant market demand for the third party physical distribution's development.Fifth, the development of e-commerce can not be separated from objects of modern logisticsThis has become the people's consensus, that is why so many e-commerce company after years of exploration and the conclusions arrived at after. Today in e-commerce in full swing, many companies are still not solve the problem of logistics, freight service is still the bottleneck of the development of e-commerce. Claiming to solve the problem of a small number of logistics companies, but also made use of the national postal system, post office, city Express system, thedelivery of books, audio-visual products such as small items. The more electronic commerce company adopted has requested the way which the factory, the business delivered goods to complete the customer.Sixth, e-commerce and modern logistics difficult to matchE-commerce enterprises to establish a match with the modern logistics enterprises is not an easy task, first of all, business investment as a result of a huge logistics, land, warehouse, loading and unloading, sorting, distribution, and management need to invest a lot of money. China's logistics enterprises in most of the existing facilities behind the shortage of funds, a heavy burden, unable to transform quickly and e-commerce, security, reliable fall far short of the requirements. Secondly, the segmentation of logistics enterprises in the industry seriously, there is no unified logistics logistic management policies and practices. The transport sector ministries belong to different managements, warehousing sectors belong to different ministries and local. Circulation of documents caused by non-standard, non-uniform, non-GM, turbulent flow of goods, road toll stations, and charges a large amount of smooth flow of goods can not. Therefore, in order to make China's e-commerce to become new economic growth point and an important pillar of the national economy, the state and enterprises must pay great attention to the development of modern logistics and construction companies. In a sense said that the physical distribution facility's quality and physical distribution unobstructed, is a national comprehensive national strength and the economic development symbol.Seventh, electronic commerce and the modern physical distribution difficult to match solutionThe construction of modern logistics facilities, it is necessary to the actual situation in our country. States should establish the authority of the logisticsmanagement agencies, logistics development of China's future direction, speed, policies, facilities, systems, etc.; co-ordination to resolve ports and terminals, railways, highways, waterways, aviation sites, the hub of the sector issues and policy division ; the implementation of the work of the standardization of logistics; the logistics industry as the basic industry of the national economy, by providing loans, taxation, the introduction of such preferential treatment. And medium-sized cities should be planning the construction of an integrated logistics center to reduce the storage and transportation enterprises scattered phenomena. At the same time, the basis of logistics enterprises in China's poor, can not copy the developed countries of modern logistics equipment and mode of business. Attention should be paid to the existing storage area and the existing organization and integration of transport, logistics enterprises to mobilize existing positive factors and multi-channel transformation of the existing logistics facilities funding.E-commerce and modern logistics as the two major means of circulation, between closely related. E-commerce and logistics between the "actual situation accordingly," the relationship between the status of the logistics industry will greatly enhance the supply chain will be a short circuit, and third-party logistics e-business environment will become the main form of logistics, procurement will be more convenient, the price will be lower, as a business flow, information flow and pooling of logistics centers, the implementation of centralized inventory, transport is divided into a transport and secondary transport, more convenient, "multimodal transport services" has been widely available, open-loop flow Information has become the main basis for logistics. However, e-commerce must have a modern logistics technology, it has to reflect the nature and the incomparable superiority to the maximum extent possible so that the two sides has been to facilitate transactions, access to benefits.电子商务与物流的关系一、电子商务环境下物流模式1、采用邮政特快专递服务的物流模式。
电子商务概论中英文对照外文翻译文献
电子商务概论中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)外文：Electronic CommerceElectronic commerce, or Electronic trade, or electronic business as a newly rising mode of commerce will have far-reaching influence on social economy and play an important role in social development worldwide. It represents the trend of world trade in the 21st century and beyond.1. What is Electronic Commerce?Electronic commerce refers to commercial data exchange in digital form through electronic transmission means and commercial activities conducted on-line. Usually, electronic commerce can be divided into two levels: One is low-level electronic commerce that is, electronic commercial intelligence, electronic trade, and electronic contracts. Another is high-level electronic commerce which includes all commercial activities done via Internet, ranging from searching for clients, commercial negotia-tion, making orders, on-line payment, releasing electronic invoice, to electronic dec-laration to Customs, electronic tax-payment, all conducted on Internet.Electronic commerce means electrification of all trade transactions. It is featured by these characters: ①fairness and freedom, ②high efficiency, ③globalization, ④virtualization, ⑤interactivity, ⑥autonomy, ⑦personalized service. With electronic commerce, clients and suppliers can closely and conveniently contact with each other on a global scale, so that clients can find satisfactory suppliers from all comers of the world to meet their demands.Electronic commerce will change the environment in which enterprises compete with each other and reduce costs which would otherwise be high in traditional market structure. Low costs in transactions, convenience in market entry and government encouragement to use Internet (exemption from tax) activate electronic commerce and boost it to develop rapidly right from its beginning. As experts predicted, by 2000, electronic commerce would reach a scale of 300billion US dollars worldwide. And it has exceeded this scale.To ensure security of electronic commerce, an electronic certification center should be established. Digital ID is used to validate identity. Digital 11 is trusted to a third party, namely, an authorized agency, to release, including identifying informa-tion of the holder (name, address, liaison way, ID card number), an encryptive key for common use by the both parties,period of validity, password and identification in-formation of the authorized agency, etc. With digital ID, both parties in transactions can be assured of identifying the other party and validate that the information sent out from the other party has not been subject to alteration.2. Influence That Electronic Commerce May HaveCompared with traditional commerce, electronic commerce has superiorities as follows *Extensive coverage. A network system combining Internet, Intranet (local area network inside enterprises) and Extranet (networks outside enterprises) enables buy-ers, sellers, manufacturers and their partners to contact with each other and conven-iently transmit commercial intelligence and documents worldwide.*Complete functions. In electronic commerce, users of different types and on dif-ferent tiers can realize different targets in trade, for example, releasing commercial intelligence, on-line negotiation, electronic payment, establishment of virtual com-mercial market place and on-line banking, etc.*Convenience and flexibility in use.. Based on Internet, electronic commerce is free from restriction by specialized protocol for data exchange. Transactions can be conducted conveniently on computer screen, by using any type of PCs, at any place around the world.*Low cost. Use of electronic commerce can cut down costs for hiring employees, maintaining warehouse and storefront, expense for international travel and postage to a great extent. The cost for using Internet is very low.Electronic commerce will have substantial influence on social economy:*Electronic commerce will change the way people used to take in commercial ac-tivities. Through networks, people can enter virtual stores and browse around, select what they are interested in, and enjoy various on-line services. On the other hand, merchants can contact withconsumers through networks, decide on buying in goods (categories and quantities) and perform settlement of accounts. Government agencies can perform electronic tendering and pursue government purchase through networks.*The core of electronic commerce is people. It is a social system. On-line shop-ping changes the way of people's daily life and fully embodies autonomy of consum-ers in trade.*Electronic commerce changes the way enterprises produce their goods. Through networks, manufacturers know market demand directly and make arrangement of production, in accordance with consumers' need.*Electronic commerce dramatically raises efficiency of trade. Intermediate links can be cut down; costs for sales will be reduced to minimum. Production can be ar-ranged in "small batches plus diverse varieties", and "zero stock" will be reality.*Electronic commerce calls for reformation of banking services. New concepts like on-line bank, on-line cash card and credit card, on-line settlement of accounts, electronic invoice, electronic "cash"-consumers will no longer use the real cash when shopping-will become reality.*Electronic commerce will change government behavior. Called "on-line gov-ernment", an on-line administration plays the important role of a social channel, maintaining order and fairness and detecting and cracking down on-line fraud.3. The Present Situation of Electronic Commerce in Developed CountriesIn the mid-1990s, when Internet experienced explosive development and micro-computers entered homes in great numbers, computer networks became an indispen-sable part of people's daily life. People expect for more interests and convenience brought in by computer networks. Electronic Commerce emerged just in time. In de-veloped countries, governments timely madepolicies to boost electronic commerce to practical use and dominant position in a new round of worldwide competition.In 1998, Internet helped the United States to create productive out put of 507 bil-lion US dollars, national income of 301 billion US dollars, and 1. 2 million job op-portunities; of these, electronic commerce created an income of 100 billion US dollars. Internet has be-come the first big industry with yearly productive output increasing by 60%，and accounting for 6% of GDP. Service export from the United States has at-tained 160 billion US dollars each year, and it is predicted that it can compensate trade deficit in commodity trade. Internet played an important role in promoting ex-port from the United States: in 1999, books, automobiles and services were sold through electronic commerce to foreign countries, exceeding 102 billion US dollars.Advocated by the United States, 132 members of WTO decided to turn Internet into a free trade zone within at least one-year term. Some countries and organizations scrambled to work out development framework for electronic commerce and made laws and regulations for developing electronic commerce. In 1996, the UN Confer-ence on Trade and Development passed "Model Law of Electronic Commerce". In December, 1996, the US government issued "Policy Framework for Global Electronic Commerce"．In April 1997, European Union issued "Proposal for Electronic Com-merce in Europe"．On July 1 1997, US President Clinton promulgated" A framework for Global Electronic Commerce" which has had great influence on global electronic commerce. In May 1998, WTO minister conference passed "A Manifesto on Global Electronic Commerce", and in September 1998, WTO general council passed "Scheme for Electronic Commerce Work"．In October 1998, UN Organization of Economy and Cooperation ＆Development (OECD) held minister conference at Ottawa, Canada on electronic commerce, which is praised as a milestone of global electronic commerce. InSeptember 1999, Global Business Dialog on Electronic Commerce (GBDE) was held in France and is-sued "Paris Proposal"．In December 1999, the United States issued another Internet commerce standard.Electronic commerce in the United States takes the rein of the trade in the world. At present, there are 60 million subscribers of Internet in the United States. More than 98% of purchasing managers seek targets on-line. As estimated, by 2002, the value involved in transactions done through electronic commerce between US enterprises will account for 6.1% of GDP. Fortune magazine's statistics show the 500 top com-panies in the world all engaged in on-line business.25% of income to IBM (about 20 billion US dollars) is related with electronic commerce. Thanks to electronic com-merce, IBM saved its expenses of 250 million US dollars during 1999. HP Company designated its electronic Commerce solution as E-world-an electronized world. This solution is oriented to medium-and small-size enterprises, and great investment was made to third parties-software companies to develop software suited for medium-and small-size enterprises to engage in electronic commerce. Intel places its risky invest-ment mainly on Internet and electronic commerce. In July 1998, Intel began on-line transactions Its monthly business turn electronic commerce reached one billion US dollars.As a survey made by European Information Technology Observation shows, of the surveyed 570 companies, 47% have implemented electronic commerce of some sorts, and 4/5 of them began their electronic commerce in the latest two years. Execu-tive Committee of European Union plans at least 25% of its purchase done through electronic commerce by 2001. In1998, in Australia, web sites related with electronic commerce on Internet doubled in number, and 11% of Australian enterprises have their web sites. 80% of Australian companies use Internet to transmit E-mails and conduct commercial activities. In 1998, Singapore governmentpromulgated，for electronic commerce. Singapore is the only country in Southeast Asia that formally joined the "Rights and Obligation Electronic commerce In cooperation with US manufacturers and firms, Singapore established an electronic commerce entry in Asia, providing comprehensive Business-to-Business (B to B) service, so as to enable Asian trade companies to enter the rank of global electronic commerce.4. Development of Electronic Commerce in ChinaExploration in electronic commerce, governmental and civil began in 1993 in China. Today, electronic commerce has found its applications in foreign trade, Cus-toms, finance and commerce. Local frameworks have been established in Beijing and Shanghai for electronic commerce. Some electronic commerce web sites have been opened to on-line shopping and on-line settlement of accounts.The Ministry of Foreign Trade set up in February 1996 China Electronic Com-merce Center responsible for research, construction, and operation of international electronic commerce project in CT he Center established "China Commodity Trade Market" on Internet, to put rich resources of goods in China to world market, opening new channel for our exports. The subject "Security Proof of Electronic Commerce" as a key item in science and technology during th9th Five-year Plan period was ap-praised in early 1996 by State Department of Science and Technology and State En-cryptive Code Administration, which laid a foundation for establishing a safe and normal environment for electronic commerce in our country.In March 1999, the Ministry of Information Industry approved the electronic commercial network of pharmaceutics and health as a model project of electronic commerce for all trades. It is one of the six specialized networks in China, which pro-vide all-direction serve of market information, product transaction, warehousing and delivery, and account settlement, etc.In Shanghai, in 1999, "Shanghai Administrative Center of Electronic Commerce Security Certificate" was set up, which provide security platform for electronic com-merce and is responsible for application, appraisal, making and management of digital certificate domestic and foreign clients in Shanghai, and offers services such as certi-fication of digital identity and digital signature, electronic notarization, secure E-mail and secure encryption, etc. In January 1 the first on-line bookstore in China-Shanghai Book City On-line standard. It provides VISA cardholders and card-holders of domestic Great Wall card, Dragon card, Peony card and Pacific card with instant and authorized security service.The measure taken in Beijing to develop electronic commerce is to build a capital electronic commerce city. In November 1998, the capital electronic commerce project formally activated, and a frame-work formally showed off. The Legend Computer Company open edits electronic commerce system in June 1999, and web sites 8848, sina, 163, all activated their electronic commerce.In April 2000, sponsored by the Ministry of Information Indus-try，National Economy and Trade Commission, and China Council for Promotion of International Trade, the 4th China International Electronic Commerce Conference was held. State leaders and superintendents of various ministries and commissions joined the opening conference. Mr. Levy, secretary of Commercial Department of the US government led a delegation of famous US enterprises and media, totally more than 100 persons, to join the conference. More than 60 seminars were held during the conference, to dis-cuss extensive topics on electronic commerce.Despite all these efforts, companies engaged in electronic commerce service in China suffer losses in their B-to-C business (B refers to Business, C refers to Con-sumers). Some Chinese experts attribute this to Chinese shopping habit-Chinese con-sumers treat shopping asan interesting hobby; they enjoy the pleasure of spending their money through appreciating and comparing merchandise, and bargaining; but all these will vanish from on-line shopping. Other experts attribute this phenomenon to the ubiquitous incredulity in society-banks can-not interconnect their business be-cause they fear their customers will be captured by their rivals; cash cards cannot be popularized because banks do not trust civilians; and civilians do not like to do on-line shopping because they do not trust on-line stores,…etc. Why？That's because many things on-line and in society are false, for ex-ample, false number of subscribers, false statistics of access flux, shoddy goods, forged diploma, sham curriculum vitae, sham investment, sham listing, false revenue to listed enterprises, etc. Such an over-all environment will not change within a long period of time. In such environment, no commercial activity can be done. Many IT practitioners are disheartened with elec-tronic commerce in our country.5. Prospects of Electronic CommerceAlthough developing rapidly and seeming to have brilliant prospects, electronic commerce faces a series of real problems, for example, problems involving security, technology, expense, legal system, tax system, conception, protection of privacy, in-frastructure, etc. However, electronic commerce is the mainstream of enterprises in the new century and will develop rapidly in the coming years. Some companies pre-dict that by 2003, electronic commerce between enterprises in developed countries will account for over 9%of the total turnover（1,300 billion US dollars）, and in consumer electronic commerce the turnover will attain 76. 3 billion US dollars by 2002. And as experts predicted, electronic commerce in China will catch up with de-veloped countries on the average level, in 10 years. They suggested 3 to 5 years be spent on working out plans, policies and regulations necessary for developing elec-tronic commerce, building substantial and tangible electronic commerce systems, fos-tering specialized talents,optimizing of the electronic commerce systems in some trades and areas; and then 5 to 7 years be spent on linking with international elec-tronic commerce to enable our electronic commerce system as an important compo-nent of international electronic commerce; popularizing of electronic commerce in application, raising electronic commerce in our country to a higher level in research, development and application, to the average level in developed countries.The following description tells what major I/e strategies some major manufactur-ers in the world are taking in development of electronic commerce.IBM: IBM is the pioneer that held up the banner of electronic commerce as a new application of Internet. In people's mind, IBM is now not only manufacturer of main-frames, PCs, servers, software but also the “godfather" of electronic commerce. IBM has always been dedicated to promoting secure commerce over the Internet. It sin-come from selling servers has accounted for 60% of its total in-come.IBM not only provides products for large-scale applications of secure, efficient, reliable electronic commerce and payment over Internet, but also for small electronic business as well.IBM Micro Payments an application enabling buyers to purchase low cost items over Internet-is another example of how IBM is expanding to new areas of commerce. By enabling billing servers, content providers and other merchants to profitably sell items for even a few cents, IBM opens up a whole new market.IBM Micro Payments allows buyers, sellers and billing systems to sell content, information, and services over Internet, for small amounts. IBM's commitment to electronic commerce and electronic business makes it a leader in the area of electronic payments. An automated compiler tool transforms existing HTML pages, creating "click and pay" links with either fixed or dynamic prices. Content and service provid-ers can take advantage of theextensive set of APIs and authoring tools to extend IBM Micro Payments available from OEMs. Billing servers can easily integrate the IBM Micro Payments application with existing billing systems and use it to attract content providers and open new sources of revenue.IBM Micro Payments provides scalability and interoperability, which allows widespread availability across Internet, including multi-currency and multilingual support, and low operational costs it easily supports transactions as low as one cent.SUN: SUN as a global leading supplier treats Internet not only a tool but also a new mode of commerce. SUN has provided very flexible solutions to commercial af-fairs for BBC, ETRADE, Federal Express, First Auction, Fruit of the Loom, Kodak, Thomas Cook, Virgin.Microsoft: Microsoft aims at helping enterprises to set up more powerful relation with their clients and partners by three means: (I)Windows 2000, BackOffice, Site Server, Biztalk, etc; (2) MSN (in the United States, more than 40% web users access MSN, and consumers can conduct comparative study when buying articles and ser-vices); (3) Partners provide customers with various products and services on Mi-crosoft MSN platform, realizing electronic commerce solutions, including settling account, paying tax, shopping, logistics, purchasing, accounting, ERP (Electronic Remote Processing) and EDI (Electronic Data Interchange), etc.Site Server and Biz talk are the two major products of Microsoft adopted in exist-ing system for enterprises to develop electronic commerce. Site Server is used for constructing web stores, based on data-it enables the client to easily realize on-line catalog, buying/selling order, exchange of documents for promoting sale, etc. Disre-garding what platform, operating system or technology used in low layer.Novell: Novell defines itself as "NET Service Supplier" after2000. The word NET includes intranet, extranet, Internet, company net, public net, cable net, wireless net. Its aim isto breakout the existing service domain in which most software products can provide services only in a specific environment or for a specific procedure or server (rather than the whole network)．Novell's network service software NDS eDirectory as a nucleus helps clients to reduce complexity of business on network, and improve security, so that it enables network, applications and business processing to adapt to electronic commerce, and thus speed up their transfer to electronic commerce.SCO: SCO’s Tarantella is the best solution for existing users to conduct elec tronic commerce. Users can use only a browser to access any applications of platforms in back counter, without the need of re-writing existing applications, in their effort to transfer their business to electronic commercial mode. To ensure electronic commerce to continually operate, SCO provides an incessant cluster solution based on UNIXWARE 7. This product is easy to use, easy to manage and its cost is one-tenth of large-scale product of the same sort for mainframes while its performance doubles. It is a security solution with higher performance/ cost ratio among the same sort for electronic commerce.Tivoli Systems Inc. today announced Tivoli Business Systems Manager, a new, fully integrated solution that allows businesses to manage their IT environments from the top down, creating a powerful view of business systems management.The Tivoli Business Systems Manager solution provides us with business views and control mechanisms to manage all of our distributed IT resources in the retail, banking and electronic commerce environments-including system resources, data-bases, application servers, web servers and electronic commerce applications-from one central location. The Graphical User Interface allows us to monitor all of our re-sources on a single screen, regardless of geographical location.Combining the features of Tivoli Global Enterprise and Tivoli Manager for OS/390, Tivoli Business Systems Manager provides true end-to-end enterprise management from one console, simplifying the administration of heterogeneous environments. Tivoli Business Systems Manager enables customers to manage and control multiple applications that are required for different business functions.译文：电子商务电子商务或电子贸易，电子商业，或作为一个新兴的商业模式将产生深远的影响，经济和社会中发挥重要作用的社会发展世界各地。
生鲜电子商务物流配送模式研究外文文献翻译2017
文献出处：Croxton K し The research of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution modefJ]. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 2017, 1(2): 13-24.原文The research of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution modeCroxton K LAbstractWith the development of electronic commerce enterprise, from the Internet shopping has been gradually deep into the people’s life, so that people want to buy on the Internet to be assured that there is an increasing demand or iresh agricultural products. This rare agricultural socialization trend of consumption also offers fresh electronic commerce development opportunities, but now is the actual situation of fresh electronic commerce development is not very optimistic. For fresh food e-commerce，due to the particularity of fresh products, it requires the logistics distribution can be according to the requirements of the customer at the right time to provide enough fresh products，it is for the logistics service quality and time putforward higher requirements，delivery is not yet mature，distribution costsare high，low efficiency and service level is often difficult to guarantee，fresh products logistics distribution is a bottlenecK in the development of them.Keywords: fresh food e-commerce，distribution pattern，cold chain logistics, and risk control 1 IntroductionFarmers1 markets and supermarkets is the traditional channels of city residents to buy fresh agricultural products, but with the development of social economy speed boost, the rhythm of people’s life in the city than ever also had obvious increase，’’workers•’ due to the limitation of workinghours, often the problem is there are very few time at a farmers’ market or supermarket to buy fresh produce，even after work at farmers’ markets or supermarkets to buy the fresh agricultural products, can buy goods is not fresh. With the development of electronic commerce enterprise, from the Internet shopping has been gradually deep into the people's life, so that people want to buy on the Internet to be assured that there is an increasing demand of fresh agricultural products，especially for "workers' this is more urgent demand.B2C，C2C e-commerce business now more concentrated in the electronic products, clothing and completely processed food, for the present stage of basic logistics service can satisfy the requirements of web site with the customer.This article is mainly in the electronic commerce logistics distribution mode of fresh research aspects，based on fresh from the actual situation of electronic commerce and the close analysis of key element fresh food e-commerce，summarizes three different with general distribution mode of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution mode, the characteristics of the pattern design is by fresh good cooperation from the electronic commerce information online and offline business, to reduce the fresh raw e-commerce product line the difficulty of the logistics distribution，thus make the enterprise to offline logistics cost is high，the efficiency is not high to makea good deal with the problem of.2 Literature reviewResearch of fresh agricultural products safety, F.S chwagele (2005) about the European fresh agricultural products traceability for the development of history，Europe for fresh food formulated laws and regulations, food companies are required to have their own traceability system, to ensure transparency in the whole process of the food productionchain，can verify，is produced in Europe after the outbreak of a series of food safety accidents; Lists the Europe now use traceability technology，such as coding system EAN UCC (2002) - AIDC barcode, electronic data management system and RFID.K.E^ Belk, J.A. Scanga et al. (2005) to trace the history of the development of the American food, they think that the United States than in Europe and Japan in terms of food traceability backward，at the same time points out that the Carrefour and other large retail enterprises in the application of RFID technology played an important role, mainly adopts monomer great significance by IAID and group recognition AGID two methods on the meat recognition.Research of fresh agricultural products supply chain knowledge, RD abbene, P.G ay and N.S acco (2008) argue that produce raw materials from leave growers or meat slaughterhouse to the terminal consumer impact on the cost and quality of this process play a key role, so it is necessary for fresh agricultural products supply chain to do enough research. Omar Ahumada, J.R ene Villaobos (2009) argue that due to a series of public health problems, the supply chain of agricultural products will face more strict rules and close monitoring. In fresh agricultural products distribution，Ana Osvald，Lidija Zadnik Stirn (2008) of fresh vegetables distribution path optimization algorithm has made the research of vehicle，and according to the workingtime window，distribution vehicle travel time and vegetables perishablecharacteristics the impact on the cost distribution path model is put forward- Omar Ahumada, J.R ene Villaobos (2009) studied the fresh crop at harvest and distribution of two link planning problem，the model put forward by them to provide planted with maximum benefits.For research of Cold Chain logistics，Americans Albert，Braille (Albert Barrier) and the British J.A. laidi qi (J.A.R uddich) at the endof the 19th century has elaborated on the Cold Chain (Cold Chain) point of view. But，until 1940，cold chain point of view to the attention of the world.C-D Tarantilis (2002), such as the problem of distribution route between the fresh meat in multiple warehouse was studied，and the random search heuristic algorithm and threshold accepting algorithm to solve this problem, this problem has a lot to the benefits of economic benefits to the enterprise. Kuala Lumpur ikar etc. (2006) put forward during the cold-chain food sales and storage of food cold chain management quality has a great influence.R.M ontanari (2008) analyzed the impact of supply chain under the condition of perishable food quality，time, temperature control is a key issue, starting from the point of view of technology and management were put forward to solve the problem.Andrej Ovca etc. (2009) put forward the consumer need for perishable food from procurement to use the entire cold chain maintenance of cognitive deficiencies.Chaug - Ing Hsu (2011) developed a kind of temperature distribution of equipment model, using replaceable cool storage technology incubator to meet the needs of distribution network.2The analysis of fresh food e-commerce distribution factor2.1Frozen technicalFresh raw products in e-commerce logistics distribution of cooling fresh is fresh food e-commerce is very important link, fresh products in sales in the whole process of the entire cold chain is the necessary measures of keeping fresh of fresh products，fresh products cold chain in the whole process of the freezing technology includes two parts: one is the refrigeration; 2 it is fresh. Refrigeration is in raw products raw materials get to maintain product freshness after cooling process. Fresh products of refrigeration can be divided for refrigerated and frozen. Fresh on theapplication of the freezing technology, e-commerce is to control the quality of the good fresh product，also control the cost of logistics distribution.Refrigeration technology in fresh it is very important to the operation of e-commerce，fresh food e-commerce enterprise shall，on the basis of existing facilities development suited to their own refrigeration technology, such as fresh direct against their goods for distribution in car special renovation，so as to achieve the goal of economical and practical•2.2Distribution networkDue to the diversity of fresh food，a lot of fresh food is a regional restriction; second，cold-chain distribution network radius cannottoo big; otherwise the cost is too high. Fresh products because of the high requirements for delivery and save the characteristics of short time, the traditional logistics network layout of general goods in a certain extent, not only can't satisfy people's needs, but also can cause a lot of resources allocation is not reasonable. Fresh distribution network of e-commerce involved have fresh product base，production and processing base,refrigerated warehouse，logistics center and distribution center, if use thethird party logistics enterprise distribution, distribution network involves a fresh product base, production and processing base，refrigerated warehouse, third party logistics of the logistics center and distribution center. Cold-chain logistics network in each node, if can effective work in the entire network layout，will improve on the efficiency of cold chain logistics has a lot of help, cold-chain logistics network layout model is roughly divided into single economies of cold-chain logistics network，the area of cold-chain logistics network and cross-regional cold-chain logistics network.2.3Information systemFresh e-commerce logistics information system, it is fresh online operation and offline operation and efficient electricity with indispensable link, to ensure that the line of the cold chain run efficiently, in addition to cold storage facilities and advanced technology，also need to haveadvanced cold-chain information system for effective management. By computer hardware, computer software and information resources together，through the man-machine combination is known as the information system to handle the flow of information system, on the basis of the functions and features of logistics, the computer network technology, electronic data interchange (edit) technology and the information system applied to each link of logistics operation.Fresh e-commerce logistics distribution use of modern information technology has the following kinds: technology，electronic commerce is in the Internet open network environment，based on browser/server application，realize consumer online shopping, onlinetransactions between merchants and online electronic payment of a new type of commercial operation mode. Supply chain management system, electronic order system, intelligent transportation systems, EPC system and bar code technology are fresh，common technology in e-commerce application. Supply chain management system, based on supply chain management thoughts as the instruction, will link each entity in the supply chain business through information，logistics，information flow，document flow, business flow and cash flow) of communication to achieve seamless connection system model. Intelligent transportation system，vehicle information, the road map and a fixed input of user informationintegration of computer algorithm, by using computer technology, sensortechnology, artificial intelligence and other advanced technology effectively to integrate comprehensive application in the transport of goods, thusforming an accurate and efficient automatic transport system.3The problems of fresh food e-commerce logistics distributionFresh e-commerce distribution problem involves mainly by coldchain logistics, as a result of the limitation of hardware and software aspects overall situation，main problems are as follows:(1)The construction of infrastructure. Low temperaturelogistics now，refrigerated facilities is a lot of mechanical, refrigeration technology is relatively backward, the hardware facilities of lagging behindand modernization level of a serious shortage of professional cold chainvehicle, in ordinary loss is very big, in the process of transportation and delivery used logistics costs alone accounted for seventy percent of the cost of perishable goods，some infrastructure construction will not be able to provide security for the cold chain of food circulation system.(2)Frozen processing capacity is limited. Frozen processing is the main equipment of air cooler, frozen carcass meat, for example, in the air cooler is to together for frozen carcass meat flesh andbones, causing completely unnecessary waste, and the efficiency is not high. Although individual frozen processing have installed between advancedcontact plate freezer, but is still a far cry from what to popularize and apply.(3)Transport facilities, loss are big. Transport infrastructure development, both railway and highway, whether on theproportion of vehicles or cold chain on the traffic. On the cold chain transport, railway cold-chain transport accounted for twenty percent of totalfood cold-chain transport and a half, but for railway freight volume is less than 1%.(4)The frozen storage and economic development does not match. Frozen storage of all aspects of the conditions are not enough to support the rapid development of cold chain logistics. Especially theconstruction of cold storage，both from layout of cold storage and cold storage capacity，is not conducive to the rapid development of cold chainstorage. Cold storage more focused on the layout of the city, the origin of a serious shortage of cold storage; Common cold storage capacity can f t meet the requirements of cold chain now. Cold storage refrigeration technology and，on the other hand，to the temperature control and monitoring technology in cold storage are comparatively large difference with international standards，the improvement of the need to a great extent.(5)The cold chain logistics management lags behind. Cold-chain logistics needs through strict management to achieve theenterprise's management goal，but now management, due to lack of correct understanding of cold chain logistics, cold chain often appear in the ’’chain” phenomenon: broken from farm to the wholesale，fresh fruits and vegetables often railed to do preliminary cold treatment; In primary processing and sorting area without cryogenic environment.译文生鲜电子商务物流配送模式研究Croxton K L摘要伴随着电子商务企业的发展，从网络上购物的方式己经逐渐的深入到/居民的生活中，以至于人们希望在网络上能够购买到放心的生鲜农产品的需求越来越大。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
文献出处：Croxton K.L The research of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution modefJ]. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 2017, 1(2): 13-24.原文The research of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution modeCroxton K LAbstractWith the development of electronic commerce enterprise, from the Internet shopping has been gradually deep into the people’s life, so that people want to buy on the Internet to be assured that there is an increasing demand or iresh agricultural products. This rare agricultural socialization trend of consumption also offers fresh electronic commerce development opportunities, but now is the actual situation of fresh electronic commerce development is not very optimistic. For fresh food e-commerce，due to the particularity of fresh products, it requires the logistics distribution can be according to the requirements of the customer at the right time to provide enough fresh products，it is for the logistics service quality and time put forward higher requirements，delivery is not yet mature，distribution costs are high，low efficiency and service level is often difficult to guarantee，fresh products logistics distribution is a bottlenecK in the development of them.Keywords: fresh food e-commerce，distribution pattern，cold chain logistics, and risk control 1 IntroductionFarmers1markets and supermarkets is the traditional channels of city residents to buy fresh agricultural products, but with the development of social economy speed boost, the rhythm of people’s life in the city than ever also had obvious increase，’’workers•’ due to the limitation of working hours, often the problem is there are very few time at a farmers’ market or supermarket to buy fresh produce，even after work at farmers’ markets or supermarkets to buy the fresh agricultural products, can buy goods is not fresh. With the development of electronic commerce enterprise, from the Internet shopping has been gradually deep into the people's life, so that people want to buy on the Internet to be assured that there is an increasing demand of fresh agricultural products，especially for "workers' this is more urgent demand.B2C，C2C e-commerce business now more concentrated in the electronic products, clothing and completely processed food, for the present stage of basic logistics service can satisfy the requirements of web site with the customer.This article is mainly in the electronic commerce logistics distribution mode of fresh research aspects，based on fresh from the actual situation of electronic commerce and the close analysis of key element fresh food e-commerce，summarizes three different with general distribution mode of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution mode, the characteristics of the pattern design is by fresh good cooperation from the electronic commerce information online and offline business, to reduce the fresh raw e-commerce product line the difficulty of the logistics distribution，thus make the enterprise to offline logistics cost is high，the efficiency is not high to make a good deal with the problem of.2 Literature reviewResearch of fresh agricultural products safety, F.S chwagele (2005) about the European fresh agricultural products traceability for the development of history，Europe for fresh food formulated laws and regulations, food companies are required to have their own traceability system, to ensure transparency in the whole process of the food production chain，can verify，is produced in Europe after the outbreak of a series of food safety accidents; Lists the Europe now use traceability technology，such as coding system EAN UCC (2002) - AIDC barcode, electronic data management system and RFID.K.E^ Belk, J.A. Scanga et al. (2005) to trace the history of the development of the American food, they think that the United States than in Europe and Japan in terms of food traceability backward，at the same time points out that the Carrefour and other large retail enterprises in the application of RFID technology played an important role, mainly adopts monomer great significance by IAID and group recognition AGID two methods on the meat recognition.Research of fresh agricultural products supply chain knowledge, RD abbene, P.G ay and N.S acco (2008) argue that produce raw materials from leave growers or meat slaughterhouse to the terminal consumer impact on the cost and quality of this process play a key role, so it is necessary for fresh agricultural products supply chain to do enough research. Omar Ahumada, J.R ene Villaobos (2009) argue that due to a series of public health problems, the supply chain of agricultural products will face more strict rules and close monitoring. In fresh agricultural products distribution，Ana Osvald，Lidija Zadnik Stirn (2008) of fresh vegetables distribution path optimization algorithm has made the research of vehicle，and according to the working time window，distribution vehicle travel time and vegetables perishable characteristics the impact on the cost distribution path model is put forward- Omar Ahumada, J.R ene Villaobos(2009) studied the fresh crop at harvest and distribution of two link planning problem，the model put forward by them to provide planted with maximum benefits.For research of Cold Chain logistics，Americans Albert，Braille (Albert Barrier) and the British J.A. laidi qi (J.A.R uddich) at the end of the 19th century has elaborated on the Cold Chain (Cold Chain) point of view. But，until 1940，cold chain point of view to the attention of the world.C-D Tarantilis (2002), such as the problem of distribution route between the fresh meat in multiple warehouse was studied，and the random search heuristic algorithm and threshold accepting algorithm to solve this problem, this problem has a lot to the benefits of economic benefits to the enterprise. Kuala Lumpur ikar etc. (2006) put forward during the cold-chain food sales and storage of food cold chain management quality has a great influence.R.M ontanari (2008) analyzed the impact of supply chain under the condition of perishable food quality，time, temperature control is a key issue, starting from the point of view of technology and management were put forward to solve the problem.Andrej Ovca etc. (2009) put forward the consumer need for perishable food from procurement to use the entire cold chain maintenance of cognitive deficiencies.Chaug - Ing Hsu (2011) developed a kind of temperature distribution of equipment model, using replaceable cool storage technology incubator to meet the needs of distribution network.2The analysis of fresh food e-commerce distribution factor2.1Frozen technicalFresh raw products in e-commerce logistics distribution of cooling fresh is fresh food e-commerce is very important link, fresh products in sales in the whole process of the entire cold chain is the necessary measures of keeping fresh of fresh products，fresh products cold chain in the whole process of the freezing technology includes two parts: one is the refrigeration; 2 it is fresh. Refrigeration is in raw products raw materials get to maintain product freshness after cooling process. Fresh products of refrigeration can be divided for refrigerated and frozen. Fresh on the application of the freezing technology, e-commerce is to control the quality of the good fresh product，also control the cost of logistics distribution. Refrigeration technology in fresh it is very important to the operation of e-commerce，fresh food e-commerce enterprise shall，on the basis of existing facilities development suited to their own refrigeration technology, such as fresh direct against their goods for distribution in car special renovation，so as to achieve the goal of economical and practical•2.2Distribution networkDue to the diversity of fresh food，a lot of fresh food is a regional restriction; second，cold-chain distribution network radius cannot too big; otherwise the cost is too high. Fresh products because of the high requirements for delivery and save the characteristics of short time, the traditional logistics network layout of general goods in a certain extent, not only can't satisfy people's needs, but also can cause a lot of resources allocation is not reasonable. Fresh distribution network of e-commerce involved have fresh product base，production and processing base, refrigerated warehouse，logistics center and distribution center, if use the third party logistics enterprise distribution, distribution network involves a fresh product base, production and processing base，refrigerated warehouse, third party logistics of the logistics center and distribution center. Cold-chain logistics network in each node, if can effective work in the entire network layout，will improve on the efficiency of cold chain logistics has a lot of help, cold-chain logistics network layout model is roughly divided into single economies of cold-chain logistics network，the area of cold-chain logistics network and cross-regional cold-chain logistics network.2.3Information systemFresh e-commerce logistics information system, it is fresh online operation and offline operation and efficient electricity with indispensable link, to ensure that the line of the cold chain run efficiently, in addition to cold storage facilities and advanced technology，also need to have advanced cold-chain information system for effective management. By computer hardware, computer software and information resources together，through the man-machine combination is known as the information system to handle the flow of information system, on the basis of the functions and features of logistics, the computer network technology, electronic data interchange (edit) technology and the information system applied to each link of logistics operation.Fresh e-commerce logistics distribution use of modern information technology has the following kinds: technology，electronic commerce is in the Internet open network environment，based on browser/server application，realize consumer online shopping, online transactions between merchants and online electronic payment of a new type of commercial operation mode. Supply chain management system, electronic order system, intelligent transportation systems, EPC system and bar code technology are fresh，common technology in e-commerce application. Supply chain management system, based on supply chain management thoughts as the instruction,will link each entity in the supply chain business through information，logistics，information flow， document flow, business flow and cash flow) of communication to achieve seamless connection system model. Intelligent transportation system，vehicle information, the road map and a fixed input of user information integration of computer algorithm, by using computer technology, sensor technology, artificial intelligence and other advanced technology effectively to integrate comprehensive application in the transport of goods, thus forming an accurate and efficient automatic transport system.3The problems of fresh food e-commerce logistics distributionFresh e-commerce distribution problem involves mainly by cold chain logistics, as a result of the limitation of hardware and software aspects overall situation，main problems are as follows:(1)The construction of infrastructure. Low temperature logistics now，refrigerated facilities is a lot of mechanical, refrigeration technology is relatively backward, the hardware facilities of lagging behind and modernization level of a serious shortage of professional cold chain vehicle, in ordinary loss is very big, in the process of transportation and delivery used logistics costs alone accounted for seventy percent of the cost of perishable goods，some infrastructure construction will not be able to provide security for the cold chain of food circulation system.(2)Frozen processing capacity is limited. Frozen processing is the main equipment of air cooler, frozen carcass meat, for example, in the air cooler is to together for frozen carcass meat flesh and bones, causing completely unnecessary waste, and the efficiency is not high. Although individual frozen processing have installed between advanced contact plate freezer, but is still a far cry from what to popularize and apply.(3)Transport facilities, loss are big. Transport infrastructure development, both railway and highway, whether on the proportion of vehicles or cold chain on the traffic. On the cold chain transport, railway cold-chain transport accounted for twenty percent of total food cold-chain transport and a half, but for railway freight volume is less than 1%.(4)The frozen storage and economic development does not match. Frozen storage of all aspects of the conditions are not enough to support the rapid development of cold chain logistics. Especially the construction of cold storage，both from layout of cold storage and cold storage capacity，is not conducive to the rapid development of cold chain storage. Cold storage more focused on the layout of the city, the origin of a serious shortage of cold storage; Common cold storage capacity can f tmeet the requirements of cold chain now. Cold storage refrigeration technology and，on the other hand，to the temperature control and monitoring technology in cold storage are comparatively large difference with international standards，the improvement of the need to a great extent.The cold chain logistics management lags behind. Cold-chain logistics needs through strict management to achieve the enterprise's management goal，but now management, due to lack of correct understanding of cold chain logistics, cold chain often appear in the ’’chain” phenomenon: broken from farm to the wholesale，fresh fruits and vegetables often railed to do preliminary cold treatment; In primary processing and sorting area without cryogenic environment.译文生鲜电子商务物流配送模式研究CroxtonKL摘要伴随着电子商务企业的发展，从网络上购物的方式已经逐渐的深入到了居民的生活中，以至于人们希望在网络上能够购买到放心的生鲜农产品的需求越来越大。