论文写作复习题

论文写作复习题简答题（可参照教材，也可自由发挥）注：页码为教材中页码《高级英语写作指南》1 Why is writing so important?答案：1）Writing influences the way we think.2) Writing contributes to the way we learn.3) Good writing leads to success in college and career.4) Writing enriches personal growth.2 What are the central values of academic writing?答案：1) Truth. The writing reflects what is real in the world.2) Evidence. The writing needs examples or data in support of the subject.3) Balance. The writing depends upon neutral, serious and non-emotional language and is fair to opposing points of view.3 What are the strategies for specific academic writing situations?答案：1) Writing to inform.2) Writing to explain processes.3) Writing to explain concepts.4) Writing to argue.5) Writing to propose.6) Writing to analyze.7) Writing to evaluate.8) Writing research papers.4 Present briefly what brainstorming is in writing.答案：Brainstorming describes a state of mind when one is hit with an inspiration or many sudden and exciting ideas. It is a strategy or technique of solving problems, stimulating creative thinking or developing new ideas in an unrestrained and spontaneous manner. It is a way of developing ideas by listing everything we can think about a writing subject. We use words or phrases instead of sentences in brainstorming.5 Present briefly what branching is in writing.答案：Branching is a visual way of generating ideas which can show logical relations between or among ideas. Specifically:1)Write the topic in the middle of a piece of paper and draw a circlearound it.2)Think of related ideas and write them near the circle. Connect each tothe circle with a line.3)Think of ideas (facts, details, examples, etc) related to each of theprimary branches.6 What are the two ways for organizing comparison and contrast?答案：1) Subject-by-subject organization is to present each of the subjects separately. For example, we first write about one of the subjects, covering the points completely and then proceed to another subject, also covering all the points completely.2) Point-by-point is called sequencing, which is used to discuss the two subjects for each point of comparison and contrast. For example one writes about the first point in terms of similarities and differences between the two subjects, and then proceed to the next point, and so on.7 How do we understand cause and effect in writing?答案：1 There might be complex cause and effect relations.1)Multiple factors lead to one result.2)Alternatively one factor lead to multiple results.2 Cause and effect is specified in chain reaction, a notion of causal link based upon causality. It is one-thing-leads-to-another situation.3 Cause and effect has two essential components: necessity and sufficiency.8 How to organize essay according to logic and what are the basicpatterns?答案：It is to arrange the major components of the essay according to the logical connections among the components. There are 5 basic patterns:1)general-to-specific/abstract-to-concrete2)specific -to- general / concrete -to- abstract3)order-of-importance4)comparison-contrast5)cause-effect6)problem-solution9 What are the key features of writing to explain concepts?答案：1)The concept should be well-focused.2)The main point should be logical.3)The organization should be logical.4)It should appeal to the reader’s interests.5)It should use accurate, reliable and authoritative sources.10 Tell briefly the Rhetorical Triangle of Aristotle as well as what they mean.答案：According to Aristotle, there are three necessary components of writing: logical appeal, emotional appeal and ethical appeal.1)Logical appeal is the reasoning aspect of writing. It is about the logicalrelationships among facts, evidence, statements and ideas.2)Emotional appeal is used to arouse the readers’emotions to makethem feel and care for the issue you are addressing.3)Ethical appeal is the aspect of writing that provokes an image of thewriter. What is provoked is called “persona”.《英语专业学士论文写作教程》1 What is term paper? (p 004)2 Tell briefly about the distinctions between thesis and dissertation. (p 005)3 Define the readability of thesis. (p 007)4 What are the principles and methods of selecting a subject of study? (p 017-p 019)5 What are the general features of the thesis title? (p 023)6 How is the first-hand source distinguished from the second-hand source? (p 024)7 What are the 4 kinds of note in the subject selection? How are they defined respectively? (p 025)8 What are the two main kinds of outline? In what subjects do they cater to respectively? (p 028)9 Give examples to illustrate an outline of numbers(数字式提纲) only.(可以模拟做一个有层次的提纲，到二级标题) (p 031)10 Give reasons of submitting a research proposal. (p 032)11 How many components(要素) are there in the research proposal? What are they? (p 033)12 What is the introduction（引言部分）of the research proposal concerned with? (p 033)13 What is the use of literature review? (p 039)14 What is abstract? (p 041)15 How is abstract defined according to American National Standards Institute? (p 041-p 042)16 What are the main components of abstract? (p 042)17 How is thesis statement understood? (p 044)18 What is the use of conclusion in the thesis? (p 045)19 What parties is the acknowledgement（致谢词）usually addressed to? (p 047-p 048)20 Specify APA format. (p 056)21 Specify MLA format. (p 057)22 Specify Chicago format. (p 057)23 Define footnotes. (p 061)24 Define endnotes. (p 061)25 What do the letters M, A, J, D, R, C and N respectively represent in the bibliography? (p 083)问答题（可参照教材，也可自由发挥）注：页码为教材中页码《高级英语写作指南》1 Summarize in detail the logical, emotional and ethical appeals. (p 251- p252，归纳简化即可，150个词左右)2 What are the five basic components of writing to argue? (p 253- p254，归纳简化即可，150个词左右)3 Present writing as a process. (p 28- p32，归纳简化即可，150个词左右)4 Summarize the cause-effect process in writing. (p 114- p117序号3为止，归纳简化即可，150个词左右)《英语专业学士论文写作教程》1 What is the research method of literature? (p 100- p103，归纳简化即可，150个词左右)2 In what respects is phonetics studied in the current research? (p 152，归纳简化即可，150个词左右)3 What is the analytic method（分析法）in the study of linguistics? (p 171-p172，归纳简化即可，150个词左右)4 What is the deductive method（演绎法）in linguistics? (p 173-p174,归纳简化即可，150个词左右)5 Have a brief comment upon the study of interpretation（口译）(p 204,归纳简化即可，150个词左右)6 Have a brief comment upon the study of ESP（口译）(p 253-p254,归纳简化即可，150个词左右)写作题（150-200个词）1 Shakespeare’s View on Money in The Merchant of Venice.2 Dialects in American English.3 The Figures of Speech in English Idioms.4 Pragmatic Failures in Cross-Cultural Communication.5 The Beetles’ Rock Music and the Development of Individualism6 The Role of Business English in International Marketing。