西方礼仪文化

1. what is etiquette?什么是礼仪？Etiquette is respect, good manners, and good behavior. It is not just each of these things, but it is all of these things rolled into one.2. 礼仪与文化有什么关系？Etiquette is a kind of external forms of cultural quality, and cultural is the core of etiquette, they are a reciprocal causations, supplement each other symbiotic relationship3. 大学生学习西方礼仪文化有什么意义？Learning the western etiquette and culture make it convenient that contacts with western people, and to prepare for go abroad; To understand the western culture through study the western etiquette,,and to increase our knowledge , open field of vision; Etiquette can influence the temperament of people , it will let you temperament improved.4. 握手的方式有哪些？Fencing handshake，Wear gloves handshake，Dead fish handshake，Hand clasp hands handshake,5. 你应该给哪些服务员小费？The people should be give tips included: porter, serving waiter, barber, cab driver.6. 西餐的七道菜是什么？Appetizer-soup- deputy food- entree- vegetables- dessert-beverage7. 西方的餐桌礼仪是什么？1) As soon as the hostess picks up her napkin(餐巾),pick yours up and lay it on your lap. Sometimes a roll of bread is wrapped in it; if so, toke it out and put it onyour side plate.2) The Soup Course：Dinner usually begins with soup. The largest spoon at your place is the soup spoon. It will be beside your plate at the right-hand side.3) The Fish Course：If there is a fish course, it will probably follow the soup. There may be a special fork forthe fish, or it may be similar to the meat fork. Often it is smaller.4) The Meat Course：The main Course is usually served by the host himself, especially if it is a fowl(鸡禽) or a roast which need to be carved. He will often ask each guest what piece he prefers, and it is quite proper to state yourpreference as to lean or fat, dark(红肉) or light(白肉).6) Helping Yourself and Refusing：If a servant passes food around, he will pass the dish in at your left hand so that you can conveniently serve yourself with your right hand. Never serve yourself while the dish is on your right; it is then the turn of your neighbor on the right. It is polite to take some of everything that is passed to you. But if thereis something you may not like, you may quietly say: "Nothank you."7) Second Helpings：The hostess may or may not ask if you would like a second helping, according to the formality of the meal. If she does and you accept it, you should passyour plate to her or to the servant with the knife and fork still lying on it.8) The Salad Course：A salad is eaten with a fork only heldin the right hand with points turned up. There is usually a special one for the salad, a little smaller than the meat fork.9) Bread and Butter：Bread is taken in the fingers and laid on the side plate or the edge of the large plate, it isnever take with a fork. Butter is taken from the butter dish with the butter knife and placed on the side plate, not on one's bread.10) Other Things on the Table：When there are things on the middle of the table, such as bread, butter, jelly, pickles, nits, candies, you should not take any until the hostess ahs suggested that they be passed.11) Leaving the Table：It is impolite for a guest to leave the table during a meal, or before the hostess gives the signal at the end. When the hostess indicates that thedinner is over, she will start to rise from her seat and all the guests she rise from theirs at the same time.8. 西方结婚，为什么新娘要穿白衣服？为什么带鲜花？为什么戒指戴在左手的中指上？为什么新娘身上要有旧的、新的、蓝的、借的东西？White symbolizes beautiful ，happy, rich, purethere will be something not good in wedding , only with a powerful fragrance of spices and herbs get rid of not bad things, so the bride will holds flowers to ward off evil spirits .A ring on her left hand show the god give you luck,wear on the third finger mean she is in love.In Victorian era, if bride prepared something new something old something borrowed something blue in marry day ,she will be a bless.9. 参加葬礼要说什么？死者的亲友要说什么？“I am sorry about that, My deepest condolences to youand your loved ones.”这个没找到，自己说吧。

举个例子：You silently walk, don't take one clouds.You come to this world, everyone was laughing, but you are the cry;You leave this world, everyone is cry, but you are the smile of......When you riding crane go on the west, I know you already ran to a elysium, and you smile will always stay in our heart.. Wish you walk well….10. 商业往来你应该如何打扮？Wear dark color suits or dresses,Red ties or scarves,Black shoes, freshly polished,Very little jewelry -worn discreetly. Calm, slow gestures and slow movements, Shoulders back, chin up.11. 在西方，为什么13是个不吉利的数字？　Some Christian traditions have it that at the Last Supper, Judas, the disciple who betrayed Jesus, was the 13th to sit at the table. Triskaidekaphobia may have also affected the Vikings-it is believed that Loki in the Norse pantheon was the 13th god. More specifically, Loki was believed to have engineered the murder of Balder, and was the 13th guest to arrive at the funeral. This is perhaps related to the superstition that if thirteen people gather, one of them will die in the following year.12. 做一个西方礼仪文化禁忌的列表：When you first talk with foreigners, don't talk about disease, deathDon't ask women's age, ask the men's incomeIn formal occasions, don't wear sportswear, casual wear Don' t rush to pay the bill after a mealDon't be modest。