小学初中情态动词详细用法归纳含练习及答案推荐文档
情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。
1. can的用法:
(1)?表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为能、会”即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的
能力.如:She can swim fast, but I can 她能游得很快,但我不能。
I can see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。could是can的过去式。表示过去的能力。
be able to do sth.常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。is/am/are able to do sth
was/were able to do sth.
(2)表示许可,常在口语中。如:You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。
(3).表示推测,可能性,意为可能” 常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can'译为“不可能”。女口:Can the news be true?这个消息会是真的吗?一Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗?一No, it can ' t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wa可.能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。
【例题】一I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. —No. She __be there, I have just been there. A.can ' tB.mustn ' tC.needn ' tD.wouldn 't
【解析】根据下文我刚去过那儿”可知,应为“不可能” can' 表示推测[答案]A
could的用法:
(1).can的过去式,意为“能、会”表示过去的能力。女口:He could write poems when he was 10. 他
十岁时就会写诗。
(2). could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Could you give me a hand?你能帮我个忙吗?一Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗?一Yes, you can.可以。(用could问,不能用could答。)
2. may的用法:
(1).表示请求、许可,比can正式,女口:May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗?You may
go home now.现在你可以回家了。
【例题】一_______ I borrow your MP3? —Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would
【解析】在此处表示请求,意为“做……可以吗”。答案:A
⑵.表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能,或许” 一般用于肯定句中。女如:It may rain tomorrow .
明天可能会下雨。She may be at home.她可能在家呢.may not翻译为“可能不"
(3).may的过去式为might,表示推测时。可能性低于may。女口:He is away from school. He might be sick.
他离开学校了,可能是他生病了。
⑷.表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿" 。通常是用may +主+V例如:May you have a good time.祝你过得愉快。May you be happy!祝你幸福!May you succeed !祝你成功!
come back.在我回来之前
你必须呆在这儿。Must I finish my homework right now? 我必须现在交作业吗?(must引导的疑问句)肯定回答:yes ,you must.
否定回答:No, you need n't/ don 'have to
⑵其否定形式mustn '表示“ 一定不要”千万别"禁止,不许"如:You mustn ' t play with fire.你不许玩火。You must n' t be late.你一定不要迟到。
(3)must表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句,指百分百肯定。如:The light is on, so he must be at home now. 灯亮着,他现在肯定在家。
(4)①must和have to都有"必须"的含义,但侧重点不同:
must强调说话者主观(自己)的看法。
have to强调客观(外力作用)的需要,也可以翻译为“不得不”。
I must go to school and learn some Knowledge.我必须会学校上课学一些知识。(自己要回)
I have to go to school because the holiday is over.假期结束了我不得不回学校上课了。
②must没有人称和数的变化,而have to有动词单三形式:has to
和动词过去式:had to
将来时:will have to
must not=mustn ' t 表示禁止... .
当must提问时,肯定回答用must。否定回答用needn' t和don' t have to
4. need的用法:
(1) .need做情态动词时:表示“需要、必须”,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn' ,t 意为没有必要,不必”。
用need提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn'或don' t have to如口:一Need I do my
homework now? —Yes, you must .是的。一No. you needn ' t /don ' t I不ve tc你不必。
(2) .need还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果主语是人sb.:
sb. need(s) sth.某人需要某物
sb. need to do sth.某人需要去做某事need 的
单三needs.过去式needec。变否定借助don 'doesn't /didn't
如口:I need to pass the exam.我需要通过这次考试。He needs to learn English .他需要学习英语。
如果主语是物sth.:
Sth. need doing某事需要被做
=n eed to be done
这种情况下应注意两点:
①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义;②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如:.Your car n eeds wash ing. = Your car n eeds to be washed .你的车需要洗了。
5. shall的用法:
shall表示征求对方意见 (多用于第一、三人称),如:Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗?在英语中,我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。
Shall意为”要不要…..?'“……好吗?” ’用于第一人称,表将来,而will可用于任何人称。
(1) .用“ Let's do...”来提出建议。如:Let's go for a walk after supper.
(2) .用“ What/How about...? ” 来提出建议;about 后接名词或动词ing 形式。如口:What about/How about a drink? What about/How about tak ing Tom with us?
(3) .用“ Why not...?”来提出建议,表示“何不.. ”not面后接动词原形。“ Why not...?”实际上是
“Why don't you/we...? ”的简略形式。如:Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why don't we stay
here ano ther day?
(4) .用“ Would you like...? ”来提出建议,意思是“你想要. 吗?” Would you like后可接名词或不定
式。如:Would you like a cup of tea? Would you like to go and see her?
因此,如果我们说:“去游泳好吗?”英语中可有这样几种表达法:Shall we go for a swim? Let's go for a swim , shall we? What about/How about going swimming? Why not go for a swim? Would you like to go for a swim? What do you think of going for a swim?
6. should的用法:
(1) .should意为应该”,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如口:We should protect ourselves..我们应该我
们自己。
should not=shouldn't +do 动词原形
had better的用法:had better意为最好”,没有人称的变化,后接+动词原形,其否定形式为:had better not。如:
We had better go home now.我们最好现在回家。You had better n ot go home now.你最好现在不要回家。should 和had better可以互换
Will①表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。如:I will help you if I ' m free this今天而on. 午如果我有空,我就会帮你。
②是一般将来时的“标志词”,will+ do 动词原形
1、will在there be句型中的形式及其句式变换。
由于“一般将来时”的结构可以用“will+动词原形”来表示,所以there be句型的一般将来时的形
式就是there will be。(一定不能说there will have )例如:There are many students in our school. There will be many stude nts in our school. There will be a sports meet ing n ext week. 一定不能说:There will have a sports meet ing n ext week.
2、will 与be going to do sth 区别:
①.be going to表示打算,计划,安排要去做的事情或有预兆即将发生某事,
will 表示的将来时间则较远一些,如:He is going to Beijing on National Day.
He will write a book some day.
②.be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
如: I am going to be a teacher.
He will pass the exam because of hard work.
1. 对may 引出的问句,可以有下列回答方式:Yes,you may. Yes, of course. Yes, certainly. Sure . No, you mustn ' tNo, you can ' t.
2. 对must引出的疑问句,回答方式为:Yes,…must. No,…needn ' t/ don ' t have to.
3. could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?
你能帮我个忙吗?一Could I use your pen? —Yes, you can.可以。(回答不用could)
4. shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称,表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种:
Yes, please. All right. No, thank you.
5. would you ?的回答方式有以下几种:Yes, I will. (No, I won Sure.tO ' m sorry , I canAII right/ t.)
OK/ With pleasure. Certai nly. (No, tha nk you .) Yes, please.
【例题】一Would you give me a hand and pass my thanks to Lily? —________ .
A.That' s right
B.With pleasure
C.It doesn ' t matter
D.No trouble
【解析】A.意为对了” , B.意为“乐意效劳”,C.意为“没关系” D.意为不费事”。答案:B
1. (1) .can '可译为不会”,女口:lean ' t play besball.我不会打篮球。
(2)当句子表推测时,用can' 表达"不可能”,如: He can,t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.他不可能病了,他正和Tom下棋呢。
(3)can'还可用来回答“ May I…?这样的问句。女口:May I come in ? 我可以进来吗?No, you
mustn ' t. / can 不,'你不能。
(4)ca n'还可用于固定习语中。can' t help doi ng禁不住,…情不自禁… can 'wait to do sth迫不及待…如:She can' t help crying她不禁大哭起来。The children can ' t wait to open the box.孩子们迫不及待地想打开盒子。
2. may的否定式为may not,译成“可能不”,女口:He may not be at home.他也许不在家。
3. (1)mustn '表示不许,不可。女口:He mustn ' t leave his room他不许离开他的房间。Y ou mustn ' t talk
in class.你们不可以在课上说话。
(2) mustn '也可用于以may表示要求时的否定回答中。如:一May I stand here? 我可以站在这
里吗?一No, you mustn ' t (can 不t).不行。
4. needn '意为“不必”女口:You needn ' t meet him unless you 你不需要见他,除非你愿意。
5. shouldn 表示不应该。如:You shouldn ' t feel so unhappy over suchethings.对于这种小事,你
不应该感到这么不高兴。
1、must表示肯定的推测100%的肯定,一般用于肯定句中。
如: He must be at home because the light is still on.
2、Should表示推测的可能性比较大,v must的可能性小一点。
如: It is already 10 o ' clock now they should be there.
3、can表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。
女口:Who is knocking at the door? Can it be the postman? could表示推测时,语气can比要弱,说话者留有余地
—Could it be an ani mal? —It could not be, because it is not movi ng.
4、may表示推测,用于肯定句。might也可以表推测只是表示其可能性较小于may。
女口:The man may be your new teacher..
—Where is Mr Li? —He might be worki ng in his office.
易混点一:can 禾口be able to :
两者表示能力时用法相同,但can只有原形“ can”和过去式“ could”两种形式,在其他时态中要
用be able to来表示。另外be able to常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如:
Jim can ' t speak Engli吉姆不会说英语。He could speak English at 5.他五岁时就会说英语。We'll be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他。He has been able to drive.他已经会开车了。I ' m sure
you ' ll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。We were able to reach the top of the mountain
at noo n.我们能在中午到达山顶。
易混点二:can 和may
1. can和may均可用来征求意见或许可,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用。女口:Can/ May I help you ?
我能帮助你吗?
2. can和may表示推测/可能性时的区别:
Can不肯,
May不问。
妈妈(must)肯定不否问。
1)在肯定句中用might, may, must,不用can 女口:She may be in the
classroom .她可能在
2)在否定句中用can't不可能),不用may, must。
3)在疑问句中表示推测用c an,不用might, may, must
教室里。 Where can they be now?他们现在可能在哪儿?That can ' t be true那不可能是真
的。
易混点三 :may be 禾口maybe
用法区别常用位置
may be may为情态动词,be为动词原形句中,作谓语
maybe 副词,大概、也许,相当于perhaps 句首,作状语
例如:He may be wrong , but I ' m not sure.也许他错了,但我也不确定。
易混点四:can' t 禾口mustn ' t
1. can '根据其基本用法可译为:
( 1 )不会。如:I can 't speak English 我. 不会说英语。
(2)不能。如:We can' t do it now because it ' s t天太0黑了,我们现在干不了。
(3)否定句中表示推测。不可能” 女口:The man can' t be our teacher because he is much younger thn our teacher.. 那个人不可能是咱们老师,他年轻得多。
2. mustn '意为“禁止、不许” 用来表达命令,表示强烈的语气。女口:You mustn ' t play football in the street. It ' s too da你不可以在街上踢足球,太危险了。
易混点五:must 和have to
1. must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。have to 侧重于客观上的必要,可用于现在时、过去时和将
来时。如:I know I must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night. 我弟弟病得厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。I haven't got any money with me, so I'll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱,只好向朋友借点了。He said they must work hard?他说他们必须努力工作。
2. have to可以用于多种时态;而must只用于一般现在或将来。如:The composition is due to hand in
this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期,因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。
【情态动词例题解析】
1、—________ you pass me a pen? I 'd like to write down the phone numSbuerer. Here it is. —
A. Can
B. Need
C. Might
D. Must
【解析】由题干可知,本句表示请求、许可。答案:A
2、___________________________________________________________ —May I go to the cinema, mum? —Certainly, but you __________________________________________ be back by 11 o 'clock.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. need
【解析】由题意可知,此处并非表推测的用法,而是妈妈对孩子提出的要求,故选C,意为“必
须”。答案:C
3、You _____ get there by bus. A. don 't needB. needn 't toC. don 't need toD. need don 't to
【解析】由选项A可知need为实义动词,故应加上to才正确。选项B needn'为情态动词,
应去掉to,故选C.
4、You _____ worry about me. It 's nothing sAe.ricoauns. 'Bt . mustn 'Ct . needn 'Dt. won 't
【解析】由题干It ' s nothing serious可推断,第一句意为你不必为我担心” 故选C。本题易错
选B, mustn '意为禁止”故不正确。答案:C
5、—Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? —Sorry, I 'm not sure . But it ____________ be.
A. might
B.mustn 't
C.can 't
D.must
解析】考查情态动词might表推测的用法。“I ' m not surd说”说话者的语气并不肯定,所以要用might。答案:A
6、T he man in the office___be Mr. Black, because he went home just now.
A.mustn 't
B.may not
C.can 't
D.needn 't
【解析】由下文he went home just now可知,作者判断办公室里那个人 (不可能是Mr. Black o mustn' t 意为千万别” may not意为可能不” needn'意为不必” can'意为不可能,故选C。
7、—Can you go surfing with us this afternoon?
—I 'd like to , but I __ look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill.
A.need
B.must
C.have to
D.should
【解析】由题干my mother is ill 为客观要求可知,选 C.
8、—May I take this book out of the reading room? — _______. Please read it here.
A. Certain ly
B.No, you needn '
C.tNo, you mustn '
D.tNo, you may not
【解析】May I…?的否定答语为No, you can ' t/ mustn; 'tist I…否定答语为No , you needn ' t/don ' t have to.;Can I 的否定答语为No, you can '在口语交际中,要体会句子中的情感差别。答案: C