万题库：英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案(卷一).doc
12月英语四级仔细阅读真题答案
12月英语四级仔细阅读真题答案12月英语四级仔细阅读真题答案「篇一」Happiness can be described as a positive mood and a pleasant state of mind. According to recent polls (民意测验) sixty to seventy percent of Americans consider themselves to be moderately happy and one in twenty persons feels very unhappy. Psychologists have been studying the factors that contribute to happiness. It is not predictable nor is a person in an apparently ideal situation necessarily happy. The ideal situation may have little to do with his actual feelings。
A good education and income are usually considered necessary for happiness. Though both may contribute, they are only chief factors if the person is seriously undereducated or actually suffering from lack of physical needs。
The rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income group or even those with very low incomes. People with college educations are somewhat happier than those who did not graduate from high school, and it is believed that this is mainly because they have more opportunity to control their lives. Yet people with a high income and a college education may be less happy than those with the same income and no college education。
英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析
英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析Modified by JACK on the afternoon of December 26, 20202016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析Section CPassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age，but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functions—including measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed and puzzle-solving—started to dull as early as age 27.Dips in memory, meanwhile, generally became apparent around age 37.On the other hand, indicators of a person's accumulated knowledge—like performance on tests of vocabulary and general knowledge—kept improving with age, according to findings published in the journal Neurobiology of Aging.The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories. Most people's minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse."These patterns suggest that some types of mentalflexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one's abilities，may increase throughoutall of adulthood if there are no dispases," Salthouse said in a news release.The study included healthy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years.The tests are designed to detect subtle (细微的)changes in mental function, and involve solving Puzzles, recalling words and details from stories, and identifying patterns in collections of letters and symbols.In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition (认知能力)generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s.The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding the process of dementia(痴呆),according to the researchers."By following individuals over time," Salthouse said, "we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline."The researchers are currently analyzing, the study participants' health and lifestyle to see which factors might influence age-related cognitive changes.47.【题干】What is the common view of mental function?【选项】varies from person to person.gradually expands with age.weakens in one's later years.indicates one's health condition.【答案】B【解析】Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age，but certain aspects of brain functionactually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.48.【题干】What does the new study find about mental functions?【选项】diseases inevitably lead to their decline.reach a peak at the age of 20 for most people.are closely related to physical' and mental exercise.of them begin to decline when people are still young.【答案】D【解析】but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.49.【题干】What does Timothy Salthouse say about people's minds in most cases?【选项】tend to decline in people's later years.flexibility determines one's abilities.function quite well even in old age.functioning is still a puzzle to be solved.【答案】C【解析】Most people's minds function at a high level evenin their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse.50.【题干】Although people's minds may function lessflexibly as they age, they_____.【选项】be better at solving puzzlesmemorize things with more easehave greater facility in abstract reasoningput what they have learnt into more effective use【答案】D【解析】"These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but thatthe amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness ofintegrating it with one's abilities，may increase throughoutall of adulthood if there are no dispases," Salthouse said in a news release.51.【题干】According to Salthouse, their study may helpus_____.【选项】ways to slow down our mental declineways to boost our memoriesthe complex process of mental functioningthe relation between physical and mental health【答案】A【解析】Salthouse said, "we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline."Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The most important thing in the news last week was therising discussion in Nashville about the educational needs of children. The shorthand(简写)educators use for this is "pre-K"—meaning instruction before kindergarten—and the big idea isto prepare 4-year-olds and even younger kids to be ready to succeed on their K-12 journey.But it gets complicated. The concept has multiple forms,and scholars and policymakers argue about the shape, scope and cost of the ideal program.The federal Head Start program, launched 50 years ago, has served more than 30 million children. It was based on concepts developed at Vanderbilt University's Peabody College by Susan Gray, the legendary pioneer in early childhood education research.A new Peabody study of the Tennessee Voluntary Pre-Kprogram reports that pre-K works, but the gains are notsustained through the third grade. It seems to me thishighlights quality issues in elementary schools more than pre-K, and indicates longer-term success must connect pre-K with allthe other issues, related to educating a child.Pre-K is controversial. Some critics say it is a luxury and shouldn't be free to families able to pay. Pre-K advocates insist it is proven and will succeed if integrated with therest of the child's schooling. I lean toward the latter view.This is, in any case, the right conversation to be having now as Mayor Megan Barry takes office. She was the first candidate to speak out for strong pre-K programming. The important thing is for all of us to keep in mind the real goal and the longer, bigger picture.The weight of the evidence is on the side of pre-K that early intervention (干预)works. What government has not yet found is the political will to put that understanding into full practice with a sequence of smart schooling that provides the early foundation.For this purpose, our schools need both the talent and the organization to educate each child who arrives at the schoolhouse door. Some show up ready, but many do not at this critical time when young brains are developing rapidly.52.【题干】What does the author say about pre-kindergarten education?【选项】should cater to the needs of individual children.is essential to a person's future academic success.and policymakers have different opinions about it.regard it as the first phase of children's development.【答案】C【解析】第一段：But it gets complicated. The concept has multiple forms, and scholars and policymakers argue about the shape, scope and cost of the ideal program.53.【题干】What does the new Peabody study find?【选项】achievements usually do not last long.third grade marks a new phase of learning.third grade is critical to children's development.has not been the top concern of pre-K programs.【答案】A【解析】A new Peabody study of the Tennessee Voluntary Pre-K program reports that pre-K works, but the gains are not sustained through the third grade.54.【题干】When does the author think pre-K works the best?it is accessible to kids of all families.it is made part of kids' education.it is no longer considered a luxury.it is made fun and enjoyable to kids.【答案】B【解析】It seems to me this highlights quality issues in elementary schools more than pre-K, and indicates longer-term success must connect pre-K with all the other issues, related to educating a child.56.【题干】What do we learn about Mayor Megan Barry?【选项】knows the real goal of education.is a mayor of insight and vision.has once run a pre-K program.is a firm supporter of pre-K.【答案】D【解析】She was the first candidate to speak out for strong pre-K programming.56【题干】What does the author think is critical to kids' education?【选项】method.' interest.intervention.' involvement.【答案】C【解析】The weight of the evidence is on the side of pre-K that early intervention (干预)works. What government has not yet found is the political will to put that understanding intofull practice with a sequence of smart schooling that provides the early foundation.。
(完整版)大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案(一)
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（一）一There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals.Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.1.Our long-term goals mean a lot__.a.if we complete our short-range goalsb.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsc.if we write down the datesd.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon__.a.two yearsb.long-term goalsc.current activitiesd.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals ,__.a.we will win final successb.we are overwhelmedc.we should build up confidence of successd.we should strong desire for setting new goals4.Once our goals are drawn up,__.a.we should stick to them until we complete themb.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesc.we had better wait for the exciting news of successd.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ___.a.those who habe long-term goals will succeedb.writing down the dates may discourage youc.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationd.every should have a goal答案：adcbc二The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and livedin a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical ye ar of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The productionof manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediatelypent about 30billion dollars for new factories and following World War 2. The country’s business smachinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been ithad been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars aday ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million peopleheld jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominousecho of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their products declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to theoppsite-depression.1. What is the best title of the passage?a. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950’sb. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’sc. U.S. Economy in the 50’sd. The Federal Budget of 19522. In Line 4 , the word “boom”could best be replaced by______.a. nearby explosionb. thunderous noisec. general public supportd. rapid economic growth3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________.a. confidenceb. confusionc. disappointmentd. suspicion4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950’s?a. Economistsb. Frmaersc. Politiciansd. Steelworkers5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 thanin 1950 . How much was it ?a. 60%b. 50%c. 33%d. 90%答案：cdabc三Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement.One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs.College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work.Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist."Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here at the University." Spirduso said. "If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."1.According to Spirduso,women need to ____.a.produce a report on sexual discriminationb.call for further improvement in their working conditionsc.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discriminationd.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities2.From this passage ,we know that _____.a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texasb.women play an important part in adminitrating the Universityc.the weather on the campus is chillyd.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University3.Which of the following statements is true?a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 1985b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that of 1985c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University4.One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that _____.a.women were told to con centrate on teir workb.women were given information about available administrative jobsc.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversityd.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities5. The title for this passage should be _______.a.The University of Texasburn's Reportc.Women Professorsd.Sexual Discrimination in Academia答案：ddabd四Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among femaleby nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) beganits current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.a.traffic accidentsb.smoking-related deseasec.murderd.all of these2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By "dropout" the author means______.a.students who failed the examinationb.students who left schoolc.students who lost their wayd.students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.a.NCI has taken effective measuresb.smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc.there are many smokers who have died of cancerd.none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.a.smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds答案：bdbdb五The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to dietand forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillinto beef and living animals, and because of this ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.1.What is the best possible title of the passage?a.Drug and Foodb.Cancer and Healthc.Food and Healthd.Health and Drug2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasonsb.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animalsc.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.d.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.3.How has science done something harmful to mankind?a.Because of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.4.What are nitrates used for?a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.b.They preserve the color of meats.c.They are the objects of research.d.They cause the animals to become fatter.5.The word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means '_____'.a.trouble-makingb.color-retainingc.money-makingd.cancer-causing答案：cacbdWhat is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow , orange ,red? If you do ,you must be anoptimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greysand blues? Then you are probably quiet,shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts,that we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up----we are born with our preference.If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon asyou opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.Colours do influence our moods----there is no doubt about it .A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand ,black is depressing. A black bridge overthe Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area ----until it was repainter green.The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply ;perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better,harder ,and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.1."You would rather follow than red" means_______.a.you don't like to follow othersb.you would be a member rather than a leaderc.you would be afraid of following othersd.you would like to be a leader rather than a follower2.If one enjoys life, one is sure to prefer________.a.red to yellowb.blue to orangec.red to greyd.blue to yellow3."They tell us, among other facts,that we don't choose our favourite colours as we grow up." "Among other facts" means______.a.besides other factsb.in regard to other factsc.not considering other factsd.according to other facts4.Which of the following is facts?a.People's preference of one colour to another is instinctb.People's preference of one colour to another is acquired as they grow up.c.More people happen to love brown because they saw something brown when they were bornd.Colours have little influence on our moods5.Those who committed suicide preferred the bridge over the Thames River near london to others because of _______.a.its shapeb.its structurec.its colourd.its building materials答案：bcaac十二Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on street. No man who thought of himself by smoking when a lady was in a room.Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn't it matter? Should you use both hands when you are eating? Should leave one in your lap,or on the table?The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs. For example, in both America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a wonman or offer their seat to a woman , and so will most Americans. Promptness is important both in England and in America. That is , if a dinner invitation is for 7 o'clock , the dinner guest either arrives closeto that time or calls up to explain his delay.The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable-----especially if they are your guests. When the food was served , one of the guests strated to eat his peas with a knife . The other guests were amused or shocked , but the host calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.1.If one has accepted a dinner invitation ,what should he do if he is tobe late for the dinner?a.He should find an excuseb.He should adk for excuse.c.He should say sorryd.He should telephone to explain his being late.2."It would have been bad manners to make his guests feel foolish or uncomfortable." "Bad manners " means ________.a.uglyb.dishonestc.impolited.shameful3.which of the following do you think is the best tiltle for this passage?a.Social Customs and Customsb.Social Lifec.American and British Customsd.Promptness Is Important4.According to the text, the best host_______.a.tries his best to make his guests feel comfortableb.makes his guests feel excitedc.tries to avoid being naughty to his guestsd.tries to avoid being foolish5.The author of this article may agree with which of the following?a.The guest who ate his peas with a knifeb.The other guests who were amused or shockedc.The host who picked up his knife and began eating in the same wayd.None of the above答案：dcaac十三New Orleans, Louisiana, was established as part of the French Empire in 1718.Its location on the east bank of the Mississippi River gave it control of the American hinerland and it became strategically important to many nations. It was transferred from France to Spain, returned to France,and finally sold by Napoleon to the United States in 1803. The city was the site of a famous battle fought in 1815 between the British, who hoped to control it , and the Americans under General And rew Jackson.The riverbed of the Mississippi is constantly silting and the river is now actually higher thanthe city. Levees hold back the river and giant pumps are used to move water from the city into the river.Although New Orleans haas beena part of the United States for almost two centuries, its population takes great pride in its French heritage. Louisiana still retains parts of the Code Napoleon which,form many years,was its only law.New Orleans is carefree city and it boasts its hot, spicy Creole seafood and its native Dixieland Jazz. The jackson Square neighborhood maintains its French colonial homes and in other sections are pre-Civil War mansions. Visitors are surprised to find that behind this interesting facade of yesteryear, is a busy industrial and port city. Grain and coal come from the Midwest and foreigh cargoes are unloaded here. New Orleans is no longer a sleepy Southern town----but it's still fun to visit.1.What accounts for the levees and pumps in New Orleans?a.The Mississippi frequently floods the city.b.The riverbed has raised inthe past 200 years.c.The torrential rains flood the city frequently.d.The high humidity cannot otherwise be comtrolled.2.The battle of New Orleans was fought by jackson against______.a.Franceb.Britainc.Spaind.The North3.The Code Napoleon was _______.a.an agreement to sell Louisianab.a body of lawsc.a city pland.a military code for the army4.Which of the following elements does not apply to the attiude of the inhabitants of New Orleans?a.Pride in their French heritage.b.A desire to retain picturesque colonial buildings.c.A refusal to engage in trade and commerced.A praising of Dixieland Jazz.5.Tourists visiting New Orleans are surprised to encounter_____.a.Creole foodb.Dixieland jazzc.bustling cityd.authentic colonial homes答案：bbbcc十四The United States is on the verge of losing its leading place in the world's technology. So says more than one study in recent years. One of the reasons for this decline is the parallel decline in the number of U.S. scientists and engineers.Since 1976,employment of scientists and engineers is up 85 percent. This trend is expected to continue. However, the trend shows that the number of 22-year-olds--the near term source of future PH.D.s-is declining. Further adding to the problem is the increased competition for these candidates from other fields-law,medicine,business,etc. While the number of U.S. PH.D.s in science and engineering declines,the award of PH.D.s to foreign nationals is increasing rapidly.Our inability to motivate students to pursue science and engineering careers at the graduate level is compounded because of the intense demand industry has for bright Bachelor's and Master's degree holders. Too often, promising PH.D.candidates, confronting the cost and financial sacrifice of pursuing their education,find the attraction of industry irresistible.1.The U.S.will come to lose its leading place in technology probably because ________.a. the number of PH.D. degree holders is decliningb. the number of scientists and engineers is decreasingc. the number of 22-year-ilds is decliningd. scientists and engineers are not employed2.The field of science and engineering is facing a competition from ________ .a. technologyb. foreign nationalsc. such fields as law, medicine and businessd. postgraduatesrge-scale enterprises now need _______.a. bright graduates and postgraduatesb. new inventionsc. advanced technologyd. engineers4.Many promising postgraduates are unwilling to pursue a PH.D. degree because _________.a. they are not encouraged to be engaged in scienceb. industry does not require PH.D. holdersc. they have financial difficultiesd. they will spend much time and energy completing PH.D.5.PH.D. candidates "find the attraction of industry irresistible" means that _________.a. they find industry is attracting more and more college studentsb. they don't think they can prevent themselves from working for industryc. they cannot resist any attraction from all sidesd. they cannot work for industry any longer答案：bcadb十五Newdays,a standard for measuring power has changed.These changes foretell a new standard for measuring power.No longer will a nation's political influence be based solely on the strength ofits military forces. Of course, military effectiveness will remain a primary primary measure of power.But political influence is also closely tied to industrial competitiveness. It's often said that without its military the Soviet Union would really be a third-world nation. The new standard ofopwer and influence that is evolving now places more emphasis on the ability of a country to compete effectively in the economic markets of the world.America must recognize this new course of events. Our success in shaping world events over the past 40 years has been the direct result of our ability to adapt technology and to take advantage of the capabilities of our people for the purpose of maintaining peace. Our industrial prowess over most of this period was unchallenged. It is ironic that it is just this prowess that has enabled other countries to prosper and in turn to threaten our industrial leadership.The competitiveness of America's industrial base is an issue bigger than the Department of Defense and is going to require the efforts of the major institutional forces in our society-government,industry,and education. That is not to say that the Defense Department will not be a strong force in the process because we will. But we simply cannot be, nor should we be, looked upon by others as the savior of American industry.1. Now a nation's political influence depends on _________.a. the strength of its military forcesb. its ability to compete in industryc. economic marketsd. both a and b2. The Soviet Union was not listed as a third-world nation just because of _________.a. its powerful military forcesb. its vast landc. its industrial competitivenessd. its contributions to world peace3. The author indicates that ______ is threatening American political power.a. other countriesb. the declining U.S. industrial basec. a new standard for measuring powerd. less advanced technology4. America succeeded in shaping world events over past 40 years probably because of ___________.a. its ability to adapt technologyb. its ability to take advantage of the capabilities of its peoplec. its ability to compete in the world marketsd. both a and b5. The purpose of writing this article is __________.a. to draw the readers' attention to a new standard for measuring powerb. to demonstrate American political influence in the worldc. to emphasize that efforts must be made to strengthen the declining U.S. industrial based. to show American industrial prowess答案：dabdc。
6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案第一套
6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案第一套2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案（第一套）转眼2016下半年英语四级考试即将来临，不少同学也正在准备2016下半年英语四级考试，下面yjbys网店铺将英语四级考试的历年真题都进行汇总。
以下是2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案(第一套)，提前助大家顺利备考、复习。
2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题答案(第一套)Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section。
Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements。
For each of them there are four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D)。
You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre。
Passage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage。
As Artificial Intelligence(AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated，there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat。
This danger can be avoided， according to computer science professor Stuart Russell， if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code。
全国英语四级考试仔细阅读练习题及答案
全国英语四级考试仔细阅读练习题及答案全国英语四级考试仔细阅读练习题及答案备考英语考试，练习是基础。
为了帮助同学们更好的复习，下面是小编为大家搜索整理的英语四级辅导练习，希望能给大家带来帮助!In many traditional societies a woman's role is restricted to that of mother (for the continuation of the race) , and she is confined to family and household activities, including help out in the field and market. In some ethnic(种族的) communities in Indonesia, even today, women are supposed to do the hard labor in the rice fields, while men take it easy in their coffee shops.When I visited the island of Timor in eastern Indonesia in 1987, I was told by friends that in the interior of the islands, where roads are still non-existent,villagers traveled to market either on foot or on horseback. It was a common sight to see the husband riding a horse, with his wife walking behind him carrying a heavy bundle of produce on her head to the market. On the island of Alor, also in eastern Indonesia, I met an old man aged about 80 years, proudly boasting to me that he had nine wives. "But you are a Catholic," I said to him. "How could you have nine wives?" He smiled, and said: "I married only once in church, but the other eight wives I married according to our traditional laws. " In many ethnic communities in Indonesia the good woman or wife is one who obey her husband, who does not go around gossiping, who cleans her home and cooks good food for the family, who is diligent in the field, who does not visit friends too much, and who gives birth of lots of children, especially boys.In Indonesia many years ago the wives of government workers or members of the armed forces were organized into women's organizations. The leadership of these women'sorganizations was set up according to the hierarchical positions of the members' husbands. For example, the organization of women of personnel of a government ministry would automatically have as its chairperson the wife of the minister at the national level, and the chairperson of the provincial organization would be the wife of the governor, and so on to the lower administrative levels. It is amazing how a woman who may have an interest in being a leader nevertheless automatically becomes a chairperson because of the official position of her husband. When the husband is no longer minister or governor, she also automatically loses her position. Many of these women have complained to me that they feel this is a straitjacket(约束物) imposed on them, but they feel they have to accept the role for the sake of safeguarding their husbands' careers.26. In some ethnic districts in Indonesia women should_______.A. do household activitiesB. give birth of childrenC. do the hard labor in the fieldsD. all of the above27. In the 2nd paragraph "roads" means_______.A. some roadsB. high waysC. country roadsD. heavy roads28. What does the question "How could you have nine wives?" imply?A. The old man is too old to have nine wives.B. The old man shouldn't have had nine wives.C. The old man could marry only once because he is member of the Church of Rome.D. The old man could have only a wife for he is a Christian.29. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to Paragraph 3?A. Women's organizations were set up in the government administrative levels and the armed forces.B. The head of the women's organization of a province must be the wife of the governor.C. All the leaders of the woman's organizations enjoyed their roles.D. The wife of a governor loses her leading position for the sake of her husband.30. The closest restatement of the last sentence in,the 3rd paragraph is______.A. many women would hate to be the chairperson without considering their husband's careersB. many governors' wives complain they have to accept the chairperson rolesC. many women are forced to become the leaders of women's organizations in order to protect their husband's professionD. many governors' wives feel it necessary to accept the roles 答案：26. D 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. C。
(完整版)英语四级阅读题库含答案解析
英语四级阅读题库含答案解析1.Passage OneGlobal warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but regardless of whether it is or isn’t –we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoidit. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely theyare to be observed.Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,”as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and –without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, totalenergy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. butthat’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economicgrowth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else‘s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.”Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem whenit’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless.57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all. B) It is an issue requiring world wide commitments.C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it. D) Very little will be done to bring it under control.58. According to the author’s understanding, what is Al Gore’s view on global warming?A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______.A) economic growthB) the widening gap between the rich and poor C) wasteful use of energyD) the rapid advances of science and technology60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.A) politicians have started to do something to better the situationB) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy useC) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warmingD) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems61. What is the message the author intends to convey?A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technologyC) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.Passage TwoSomeday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Websites you’ve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your creditcard purchase or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, it’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who wouldwatch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you neverintended to be seen —the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. Thedigital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simpleGoogle search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a worldwhere you simple cannot keep a secret.The key question is: Does that matter?When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned aboutlosing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.”But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans changeany behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount attollbooths(收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personalinformation like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-offcoupon (优惠券).But privacy does matter –at least sometimes. It’s like health: When you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.62. What does the author mean by saying “the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked ”(Lines 3-4, Para.2)?A) People’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.B) In the 21st century people try every means to look into others’secrets.C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?A) Friends should open their hearts to each other.B) Friends should always be faithful to each other. C) There should be a distance even between friends.D) There should be fewer disputes between friends.64. Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret”(Line 5, Para.3)?A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.B) People leave traces around when using modern technology.C) There are always people who are curious about others’affairs.D) Many search engines profit by revealing people’s identities.65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.C) They rely more and more on electronic devices. D) They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________.A) people will make every effort to keep itB) its importance is rarely understoodC) it is something that can easily be lostD) people don’t cherish it until they lose it2.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.If you are a male and you are readingthis ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming youmake it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.“Men aren’t seeing doctors as oftenas they should, ”says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.“When I finally saw him it had alreadyspread and he has since died from lung cancer”he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but itwould have prolonged this life”According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they are invincible（不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on thegolf course and they think”Geez, if it could happen to him.Then there is the ostrich approach,”some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ”says Dr. Ross Cartmill.“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,”Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men couldbe addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.”But prevention is cheaperin the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.C. They have lived long enough to read this article.D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.58.What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?A. men drink and smoke much more than womenB. men don’t seek medical care as oftenas womenC. men aren’t as cautions as women in face of dangerD. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases59. Which of the following best completesthe sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him…’(line2,para,8)?A. it could happen to me, tooB. I should avoid playing golfC. I should consider myself luckyD. it would be a big misfortune60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q para.9)A. a casual attitude towards one’s health conditionsB. a new therapy for certain psychological problemsC. refusal to get medical treatment for fearof the pain involvedD. unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear61. What does Cartmill say about regularcheck-ups for men?A.They may increase public expensesB.They will save money in the long runC.They may cause psychological strains on menD.They will enable men to live as long as womenPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than doneShoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.Store managers are often the last tohear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors, according to astudy jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,”said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.”the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”On average, every unhappy customerwill complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect”can be disastrous to retailers.According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered themost problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting（业余兼职的）local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.Most importantly, salespeople shouldbe diplomatic and polite with angry customers.“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.”said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaintsto the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they haveno idea what is wrong.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答62. Why are store managers often the lastto hear complaints?A Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.C Few customers believe the service will be improved.D Customers have no easy access to store managers.63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “…the shopper must also find a replacement”(Line 2, Para. 4)?A New customers are bound to replace old ones.B It is not likely the shopper can find thesame products in other stores.C Most stores provide the sameD Not complaining to the manager causesthe shopper some trouble too.64. Shop owners often hire moonlightingpolice as parking attendants so that shoppers_____A can stay longer browsing in the storeB won’t have trouble parking their carsC won’t have any worries about securityD can find their cars easily after shopping65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?A Manners of the salespeopleB Hiring of efficient employeesC Huge supply of goods for saleD Design of the store layout.66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________.A exert pressure on stores to improve their serviceB settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic wayC voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD shop around and make comparisons between stores3. The January fashion show, called Future Fashion , exemplified howfar green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofitEarth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges toinclude organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate,which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials canstill be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are findingthere aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and shat your customers are used to,”he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, stillhave few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support.Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gavespecial recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewerthan a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce amajor initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buytransitional(过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand thesupply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur,”says Hahn.Some analysts(分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago.Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied:“Not that I’m aware of.”Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.”By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But–thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.57. What is said about Future Fashion?A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be madedurable.58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will goorganic is that .A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainablematerials .B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organicmaterials .C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organicmaterials .D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readilyavailable .59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake greenfashion .A) can attend various trade shows free .B) are readily recognized by the fashion worldC) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .D) are gaining more and more support .60. What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion?A) She doesn’t seem to care about it. C) She is doubtful of itspractical value.B) She doesn’t think it is sustainable D) She is very muchopposed to the idea61. What does the author think of green fashion?A) Green products will soon go mainstream.B) It has a very promising future.C) Consumers have the final say.D) It will appeal more to young people.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a personhas lived using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinkingwater show up in people’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in you hair,”said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces ofboth elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavierwater to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand ofhair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regionsroughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),”Cerling said . “It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learnmore about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt andseveral strands of hair.When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before herdeath, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be morespecific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It’s still a substantial area,”Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.”62. What is the scientists’new discovery?A) One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B) A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.63. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink”(Line 1, Para.3)?A) Food and drink affect one’s personality development.B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C) Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.D) Food and drink are indispensable to one’s existence.64. What is said about the rainfall in America’s West?A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.65. What did Cerling’s team produce in their research?A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.66. What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.4.Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might beable to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-Americanwoman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get upclose and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit toa cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhapsmost complicated duty may be simple to be herself.It won’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have donein-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis.For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogshave written about what they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support herman and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will goa long way in changing an image that’s been around for far too long.57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?A) She serves as a role model for African women.B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-Americanwomen.58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity andsocial welfare.59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,B) She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community.C) However hard she tries, she can’t expect to please everybody.D) She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns.61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obamawill do?A) Help change the prevailing view about black women.B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.C) Outshine previous First Lady.D) Fully display her fine qualities.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who’ll become Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university presidentin America.Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it’s gone global. Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in onlyone direction: outward from America.The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the Universityof Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget. “We didn’t do any global consideration,”says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependenton government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support hasmade funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed AlisonRichard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the universitypublicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”Of course, fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking headswith international experience of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.C) American universities are enrolling more international students.D) University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.63. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?A) The political correctness. B) Their ability to raise funds.C) Their fame in academic circles. D) Their administrative experience.64. What do we learn about European universities from the passage?。
CET4仔细阅读真题练习一
CET4 仔细阅读真题练习一For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. "While we teach, we learn," said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They're documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who're learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the "teachable agent"—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty's Brain, who has been "taught" about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking.Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors' learning. The agents' questions compel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.Above all, it's the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtualpupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else's accomplishment.46. What are researchers rediscovering through their studies?A) Seneca's thinking is still applicable today.B) Better learners will become better teachers.C) Human intelligence tends to grow with age.D) Philosophical thinking improves instruction.47. What do we learn about Betty's Brain?A) It is a character in a popular animation.B) It is a teaching tool under development.C) It is a cutting-edge app in digital games.D) It is a tutor for computer science students.48. How does teaching others benefit student tutors?A) It makes them aware of what they are strong at.B) It motivates them to try novel ways of teaching.C) It helps them learn their academic subjects better.D) It enables them to better understand their teachers.49. What do students do to teach their teachable agents?A) They motivate them to think independently.B) They ask them to design their own questions.C) They encourage them to give prompt feedback.D) They use various ways to explain the materials.50. What is the key factor that eases student tutors' learning?A) Their sense of responsibility.B) Their emotional involvement.C) The learning strategy acquired.D) The teaching experience gained.。
四级英语仔细阅读练习带答案
四级英语仔细阅读练习带答案仔细阅读是英语四级考试中的重点题型，考生多做练习提高阅读理解能力十分重要。
下面店铺为大家带来四级英语仔细阅读练习附答案，希望对各位考生的复习备考有所帮助。
四级英语仔细阅读练习原文The decline in moral standards—which has long concerned social analysts—has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad.The fact the ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation’s moral climate, says this ethics (伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. “The thought that ‘I’m in it for me’ has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness,” Ms. Elshtain says.Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With today’s greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U.S. and Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament (挽歌) for some nonexistent “golden age,” Elshtain says, nor is it awishful (一厢情愿的) longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice.Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. “Slowly, you recogn ize that the things that matter are those that cant’ be bought.”四级英语仔细阅读练习题目1. Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans ________.A) have adapted to a new set of moral standardsB) are longing for the return of the good old daysC) have realized the importance of material thingsD) are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards2. The moral decline of American society is caused manly by ________.A) its growing wealthB) the self-centeredness of individualsC) underestimating the impact of social changesD) the prejudice against women and minorities3. Which of the following characterizes the traditional communities?A) Great mobility.B) Concern for one’s neighbors.C) Emphasis on individual effort.D) Ever-weakening social bonds.4. In the 1950s, classroom violence ________.A) was something unheard ofB) was by no means a rare occurrenceC) attracted a lot of pubic attentionD) began to appear in analysts’ data5. According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed ________.A) if people can return to the “golden age”B) when women and mean enjoy equal rightsC) when people rid themselves of prejudiceD) if less emphasis is laid on material things四级英语仔细阅读练习答案1. D2. B3. B4.A5. D四级英语仔细阅读练习带答案仔细阅读是英语四级考试中的重点题型，考生多做练习提高阅读理解能力十分重要。
四级考试仔细阅读专练题含答案解析
四级考试仔细阅读专练题含答案解析坚持英语阅读练习，是备考英语四级考试每天必做功课。
下面店铺为大家带来四级考试仔细阅读专练题，供考生阅读练习。
四级考试仔细阅读专练题(一)On line courses (also called distance learning) are a hot new trend in American education. According to the nonprofit Distance Education and Training Council, about 400 US colleges and schools offer some portion of their programs on the We b. At the university level, they cost the same as traditional classes and requir e similar weekly assignments and textbook reading, the difference is in class pa rticipation.Generally speaking, students congregate(使聚集) on line throughout each week to explore topic with the professor, but these discussions occur “asynchronousl y(不同时发生地)”rather than in real time. (You read others’ comments and post your own whenever you get a chance.) Written assignments are posted, you email in your work periodically, and you’re required to take a proctored exam in order to receive degree credit. Career boosting business administration and information technology programs are the most popular, but you’ll also find a variety of literal arts offerings, from film theory to medieval history and foreign lang uage study. While you still can’t get an Ivy League degree on line, a growing number of elite(卓越的) institutions, including Stanford and New York Univer sity are beginning to offer on line courses.The benefits for busy people are obvious. “I always get a front row seat,” says one student studying at the State University of New York Learning Network. “I can get up in the middle of class, grab a cup of coffee. The class is waiting for me when I getback, and I haven’t missed a thing.” On the other hand, some students miss the face to face interaction that often sparks interest and involvement.36.Generally speaking, on line education costs ____.A.more than the traditional oneB.less than the traditional oneC.as much as the traditional oneD.the author hasn’t mentioned37.The major way to hand out assignments of on line students is ____.A.to hand out them in personB.to post themC.to email in themD.to let the teacher enter into their personal main pages38.Which kind of program is probably NOT welcomed by most of the students?A.Software development.B.Decoration and design.C.International trade.pany management.39.The closest meaning of “Ivy League” (Par. 2) ____.A.famous universities in USAB.famous business colleges in USAC.famous companies in USAD.universities with a long history40.It is implied that in USA ____.A.on line education will take the place of the traditional one soonB.there are only a few on line programs until nowC.one need not take part in the exam in order to receive a diploma by way of online educationD.one can not receive a degree certificate of New York University through distant learning四级考试仔细阅读专练题答案36.答案C。
(完整word版)英语四级阅读试题库含答案解析
英语四级阅读题库含答案解析1.Passage OneGlobal warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21 st century, but regardless of whether it is or isn ’t –we won ’t do much about it. We will argue overit and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoidit. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely theyare to be observed.Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth, ”as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don ’t know enough to relieve global warming, and –without major technological breakthroughs —we can ’t do much about it.From 2003 to 2050, the world ’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, totalenergy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. butthat ’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economicgrowth unless we condemn the world ’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else‘s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they ’re “doing something. ”Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn ’t. But it hasn ’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn ’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem whenit ’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don ’t solve the engineering problem, we ’re helpless.57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?A) It may not prove an environmental B) It is an issue requiring world wide crisis at all. commitments.C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid D) Very little will be done to bring it underor stop it. control.58. According to the author ’s understanding, what is Al Gore ’s view on global warming?A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______.A) economic growth C) wasteful use of energyB) the widening gap between the rich and D) the rapid advances of science and poor technology60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.A) politicians have started to do something to better the situationB) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy useC) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warmingD) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems61. What is the message the author intends to convey?A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technologyC) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.Passage TwoSomeday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Websites you ’ve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your creditcard purchase or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, it ’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who wouldwatch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you neverintended to be seen —the 21 st century equivalent of being caught naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it ’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. Thedigital bread crumbs ( 碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simpleGoogle search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a worldwhere you simple cannot keep a secret.The key question is: Does that matter?When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned aboutlosing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent ofrespondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me. ”But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans changeany behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount attollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personalinformation like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-offcoupon (优惠券).But privacy does matter –at least sometimes. It ’s like health: When you have it, youdon ’t notice it. Only when it ’s gone do you wish you ’d done more to protect it.62. What does the author mean by saying “the 21 st century equivalent of being caughtnaked ”(Lines 3-4, Para.2)?A) People ’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.B) In the 21 st century people try every means to look into others ’secrets.C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?A) Friends should open their hearts to C) There should be a distance even each other. between friends.B) Friends should always be faithful to D) There should be fewer disputes each other. between friends.64. Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret ”(Line 5, Para.3)?A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.B) People leave traces around when using modern technology.C) There are always people who are curious about others ’affairs.D) Many search engines profit by revealing people ’s identities.65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.C) They rely more and more on electronic D) They talk a lot but hardly do anythingdevices. about it.66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________.A) people will make every effort to keep itwoman.B) its importance is rarely understoodThere are many reasons forC) it is something that can easily be lostD) people don ’t cherish it until they lose itthis-typically, men take more risks thanwoman and are more likely to drink andsmoke but perhaps more importantly,men don ’t go to the doctor.“Men aren ’t seeing doctors as often2.Passage Oneas they should, ”says Dr. Gullotta, “This Questions 57 to 61 are based on theis particularly so for the over-40s,when following passage.diseases tend to strike. ”If you are a male and you are readingGullotta says a healthy man should this ,congratulations: you are avisit the doctor every year or two. For survivor .According to statistics .you arethose over 45,it should be at least once amore than twice as likely to die of skinyear.cancer than a woman ,and nine timesTwo months ago Gullotta saw a more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you50-year-old ma who had delayed doing make it to the end of your natural term,anything about his smoker ’s cough for a about 78 years for men in Australia, youyear.will die on average five years before a“When I finally saw him it had alreadyspread and he has since died from lung Regular check-ups for men would cancer ”he says, “Earlier detection and inevitably place strain on the public purse, treatment may not have cured him, but it Cartmill says. ”But prevention is cheaperwould have prolonged this life ”in the long run than having to treat the According to a recent survey, 95%of diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far women aged between 15 and early 40s greater: it is called premature death. ”see a doctor once a year, compared to 57.Why does the author congratulate his 70% of men in the same age group. male readers at the beginning of the “A lot of men think they are invincible passage?（不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only A. They are more likely to survive serious come in when a friend drops dead on the diseases today.golf course and they think ”Geez, if it B. Their average life span has been could happen to him. considerably extended.Then there is the ostrich approach, ” C. They have lived long enough to read some men are scared of what might be this article.there and would rather not know, ”says D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and Dr. Ross Cartmill. happier live.“Most men get their cars serviced 58.What does the author state is the mostmore regularly than they service their important reason men die five years bodies, ”Cartmill says .He believes most earlier on average than women?diseases that commonly affect men could A. men drink and smoke much more thanbe addressed by preventive check-ups. womenB. men don ’t seek medical care as often disease because of fearas women 61. What does Cartmill say about regularC. men aren ’t as cautions as women in check-ups for men?face of danger A.They may increase public expensesD. men are more likely to suffer from fatal B.They will save money in the long rundiseases C.They may cause psychological strains on59. Which of the following best completes menthe sentence “Geez, if it could happen to D.They will enable men to live as long ashim ⋯’(line2,para,8)? womenA. it could happen to me, too Passage TwoB. I should avoid playing golf Questions 62 to 66 are based on theC. I should consider myself lucky following passage.D. it would be a big misfortune High-quality customer service is60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by preached( 宣扬)by many ,but actually“the ostrich approach ”(line q para.9) keeping customers happy is easier saidA. a casual attitude towards one ’s health than doneconditions Shoppers seldom complain to the B. a new therapy for certain psychological manager or owner of a retail store, butproblems instead will alert their friends, relatives, C. refusal to get medical treatment for fear co-workers, strangers-and anyone whoof the pain involved will listen.D. unwillingness to find out about one ’s Store managers are often the last tohear complaints, and often find out only include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满when their regular customers decide t 了的) shelves, overloaded racks, frequent their competitors, according to a out-of-stock items, long check-out lines,study jointly conducted by Verde group and rude salespeople.and Wharton school During peak shopping hours, some “Storytelling hurts retailers and retailers solved the parking problems by entertains consumers, ”said Paula getting moonlighting （业余兼职的）local Courtney, President of the Verde group. ”police to work as parking attendants.the store loses the customer, but the Some hired flag wavers to direct shopper must also find a replacement. ”customers to empty parking spaces. This On average, every unhappy customer guidance eliminated the need forwill complain to at least four other, and customers to circle the parking lotwill no longer visit the specific store for endlessly, and avoided confrontationevery dissatisfied customer, a store will between those eyeing the same parkinglose up to three more due to negative space.reviews. The resulting “snowball effect ”Retailers can relieve the headaches bycan be disastrous to retailers. redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking According to the research, shoppers sales items, hiring speedy and who purchased clothing encountered the experienced cashiers, and having salesmost problems. ranked second and third representatives on hand to answerwere grocery and electronics customers. questions.The most common complaints Most importantly, salespeople shouldbe diplomatic and polite with angry them.customers. C Few customers believe the service will “Retailers who ’re responsive and be improved.friendly are more likely to smooth over D Customers have no easy access to storeissues than those who aren ’t so friendly. ”managers.said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe 63. What does Paula Courtney imply by something as simple as a greeter at the saying “⋯the shopper must also find astore entrance would help. ”replacement ”(Line 2, Para. 4)?Customers can also improve future A New customers are bound to replace shopping experiences by filing complaints old ones.to the retailer, instead of complaining to B It is not likely the shopper can find thethe rest of the world. Retailers are same products in other stores.hard-pressed to improve when they have C Most stores provide the sameno idea what is wrong. D Not complaining to the manager causes注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答the shopper some trouble too.62. Why are store managers often the last 64. Shop owners often hire moonlightingto hear complaints? police as parking attendants so that A Most customers won ’t bother to shoppers_____complain even if they have had unhappy A can stay longer browsing in the store experiences. B won ’t have trouble parking their carsB Customers would rather relate theirC won ’t have any worries about securityunhappy experiences to people around D can find their cars easily after shopping65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?A Manners of the salespeopleB Hiring of efficient employeesC Huge supply of goods for saleD Design of the store layout.66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________.A exert pressure on stores to improve their serviceB settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic wayC voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD shop around and make comparisons between stores3. The January fashion show, called Future Fashion , exemplified howfar green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofitEarth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges toinclude organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate,which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials canstill be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are findingthere aren ’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you ’re doing and shat your customers are used to, ”he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, stillhave few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support.Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs (企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gavespecial recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewerthan a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce amajor initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buytransitional (过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand thesupply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur, ”says Hahn.Some analysts ( 分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago.Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied:“Not that I ’m aware of. ”Like most consumers, she finds little time toshop, and when she does, she ’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn ’t too expensive. ”By her own admission, green just isn ’t yet on her mind. But–thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.57. What is said about Future Fashion?A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be madedurable.58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will goorganic is that .A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainablematerials .B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organicmaterials .C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organicmaterials .D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readilyavailable .59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake greenfashion .A) can attend various trade shows free .B) are readily recognized by the fashion worldC) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .D) are gaining more and more support .60. What is Natalie Hormilla ’s attitude toward ecofashion?A) She doesn ’t seem to care about it. C) She is doubtful of itspractical value.B) She doesn ’t think it is sustainable D) She is very muchopposed to the idea61. What does the author think of green fashion?A) Green products will soon go mainstream.B) It has a very promising future.C) Consumers have the final say.D) It will appeal more to young people.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a personhas lived using a strand( 缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinkingwater show up in people ’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink, and that ’s recorded in you hair, ”said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces ofboth elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavierwater to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand ofhair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerling ’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regionsroughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing ( 精确定位),”Cerling said . “It’s goodfor eliminating many possibilities. ”Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learnmore about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt andseveral strands of hair.When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before herdeath, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be morespecific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It’s still a substantial area, ”Park said “But it narrows it way downfor me. ”62. What is the scientists ’new discovery?A) One ’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B) A person ’s hair may reveal where they have lived.C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.63. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink ”(Line 1, Para.3)?A) Food and drink affect one ’s personality development.B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C) Food and drink leave traces in one ’s body tissues.D) Food and drink are indispensable to one ’s existence.64. What is said about the rainfall in America ’s West?A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.65. What did Cerling ’s team produce in their research?A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.66. What is the practical value of Cerling ’s research?A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.4.Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on thepresidential candidates and how they ’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I ’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might beable to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-Americanwoman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world ’s attention.And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get upclose and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we ’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can ’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, blackwomen still can ’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexedfemales raised by our never-married, alcoholic ( 酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit toa cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhapsmost complicated duty may be simple to be herself.It won ’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have donein-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis.For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans whousually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogshave written about what they ’d like to see Michelle bring to the WhiteHouse —mainly showing the world that a black woman can support herman and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to pleaseeveryone —an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise ( 沉着), confidence and intelligence will goa long way in changing an image that ’s been around for far too long.57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?A) She serves as a role model for African women.B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-Americanwomen.58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity andsocial welfare.59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,B) She shouldn ’t disappoint the African-American community.C) However hard she tries, she can ’t expect to please everybody.D) She will give priority to African-American women ’s concerns.61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obamawill do?A) Help change the prevailing view about black women.B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.C) Outshine previous First Lady.D) Fully display her fine qualities.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.When next year ’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they ’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who ’ll become Oxford ’s vice-chancellor —a position equivalent to university presidentin America.Hamilton isn ’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hiresfrom abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it ’s gone global. Yetthe talent flow isn ’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in onlyone direction: outward from America.The chief reason is that American schools don ’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the Universityof Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university ’s budget. “We didn ’t do any global consideration, ”says Patricia Hayes, the board ’s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-oldColorado businessman and political activist ( 活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependenton government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support hasmade funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison。
大学英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案
大学英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案英语四级阅读题占分比重很大,那么我们应该怎么提高英语四级阅读技巧呢,俗话说的好熟能生巧,英语四级阅读一定要多多做题!以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年大学英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助，Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As a person who writes about food and drink for a living. I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.I hate tipping.I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a bettervalue, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more upfront for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken math.46. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?A) He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.B) He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.47. What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?A) It sets a bad example for other industries.B) It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.C) It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.48. Why do many people love tipping according to the author?A) They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dinein.B) They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.C) They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.D) They can have some say in how much their servers earn.49. What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?A) Service quality has little effect on tip size.B) It is in human mature to try to save on tips.C) Tips make it more difficult to please customers.D) Tips benefit the boss rather that the employees.50. What does the author argue for in the passage?A) Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.B) Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.C) Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.D) Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they’re paying les s at the pump. They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and India, But doesn’t the extra money inthe pockets of those countries’ consumers mean an equal loss in oil producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily, says economic researcher Sara Johnson. “Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies(补贴) for their consumers.”But not all oil producers have big reserves, In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil-producing nations can’t afford to import as much as they used to.Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy.Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they’re getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.51. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A) The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B) Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C) The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.D) The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.52. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate theglobal economy?A) Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B) Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C) Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.D) Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other commodities.53. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?A) They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B) They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C) They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D) They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.54. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?A) It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B) Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C) It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.D) Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.55. Why haven’t falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?A) People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B) The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.C) Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D) People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oilprices.46. [B] He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.47. [C] It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.48. [D] They can have some say in how much their servers earn.49. [A] Services quality has little effect on tip size.50. [D] Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.【答案解析】46.根据题目中的Bill Perry这个专有名词，我们可以定位到文中的第一段话。
英语四级仔细阅读训练题附答案
英语四级仔细阅读训练题附答案In the United States, it is not customary to telephone somenone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p. m.. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it's a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U. S. A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner partyis extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not truein all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of thime differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between peopelfrom cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for edample. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U. S. no noe would think of keepinga business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.1."The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p. m.."Here" attached" means ________a. takenb. drawnc. givend. shown2. Supposing one wants to make a telephone call at dawn, this would mean________.a. the matter is importantb. the matter is somewhat importantc. the matter requires immediate attentiond. it is a matter of life and death3. According to this passage, time plays an important role in ________.a. everyday lifeb. shool lifec. communicationsd. private life4. The best title for this passage is ________.a. the voices of timeb. the importance of timec. the importance of an ammouncementd. time and tide wait for no man5. According to the passage, the author of the article may agree to whichof the following statements?a. It is appropriate to send your invitation cards three or four daysbefore a dinner party date in U. S. A.b. It may be appropriate to send your invitation to your guests three or four days before a dinner party date in some cultures.c. It is best for one to make telephone calls at night because it costs much less.d. If one is less than 5 minutes late, he has to make a short apology.cdcabLiberia, the oldest independent Negro state in West A frica, has been struggling for survial ever since its foundation in 1822. Progress has been hampered by constant hostility between the American Negroes whose families returned there in the early 19th century, and the West Africans whoseancestors never left the continent. Though the two groups are of the same race, they are divided by language and outlook and regard each other with deep suspicion creating a conflict which was not foreseen by Liberia's founders.In addition, neighboring states, native tribel, disease, and poverty have made life dangerous and difficult. The government has tried desperately, through loans and a trickle of trade, to make ends meet. Anxiety about financial matters lessened somewhat when, in 1910, the United States accepted responsibility for Liberia's sruvival. However, not until Harvey Firestone, the American rubber king, decided that the United States must produce itsown rubber - with Liberia as the site of the rubber plantations - did liberia have much hope of paying its debts and balancing its budget.The rubber industry, founded in the 1920's, and the activity that followed it brought both progerss and profit to Liberia. Before that time Liberia had no roads, no mechanical transport and no good port; its people had little education and few tools. Liberians feel that the country is being ruled by rubber. For this reason, the recent discovery of iron ore is important. Liberian leaders are trying to moderate the power of the ruvver industry and to estaglish the country's political and economic independence.1. Liberia has been in idffculty since its independence mainly because________.a. the american negroes do not want to help the country.b. there have been constant hostillity and suspicion between different tribes in the country.c. there haven been constant hostility and suspicion between two groups of the same tride.d. the goverment has adoped a wrong policy2."The government has tried desperately, through loans and a trickle of trade, to make ends meet."to make ends meet" means ________.a. the goverment has to borrow money from othersb. the goverment has to lend money to othersc. the goverment doesn't have to borrow or lend moneyd. the goverment has either to borrow or to lend money3. The country's finance began to improve a bit in ________.a.1822b.1910c.1920d.1920's4. The Liberians's attitude on to improve a bit in ________.a. a total agreementb. a total disagreementc. a hostilityd. not a total agreement5. The best title for this passage is ________.a. American Negroes in West Africab. liberia - a poor countryc. liberia and its developmentd. liberia - a country with rich rubber and ironccbdc感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
英语四级仔细阅读答案(卷一文都版).doc
2018年6月英语四级仔细阅读答案(卷一文都版)Passage One参考答案：46. A. Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.47. C. Communication within our brain weakens.48. A. Totally forgetting how to do ones daily routines。
49. C. Turn to a professional for assistance.50. D. Staying active both physically and mentally答案解析：46.解析：从原文第一段中的说法，如果你有健忘的情况，你可能不需要担心，痴呆的症状和年龄增长引起的健忘之间有明显的不同。
可以得出A. Not all of them are symptoms of dementia. 不是所有的记忆力减退都是痴呆的症状，是正确答案。
47.解析：从原文第三段中的说法，大脑就像身体的其他部位一样会变老，大脑的一些部位会萎缩，尤其是大脑中对于学习，记忆和规划重要的某些部位。
大脑细胞的变化能够影响大脑不同区域的交流。
可以得出C. Communication within our brain weakens. 大脑内部的交流会减弱，是正确选项。
48.解析：从原文第五段中的说法，忘记如何操作家里的东西，比如微波炉，或者忘记如何开车去以前已经拜访过很多次的朋友的家，这都是身体出问题的迹象。
可以得出A. Totally forgetting how to do ones daily routines。
完全忘记如何做日常工作，是正确选项。
49.解析：从原文第七段中的说法，Daffner 建议有严重健忘症状的人去找医生。
可以得出C Turn to a professional for assistance. 向专业人士求助，是正确选项。
英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析(1)
英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析(1)导读：本文英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析(1)，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage isfollowed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each ofthem there are four choices marked A.，B.，C.and D..You shouM decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on thefollowingpassage.With so many of the deaths each year from around the world directly related to poor health choices we make.world health leaders have set a goal of lowering the number of preventable deaths by 25%from 2010 rates by 2025.That would save 37 million lives over 15 years.Reporting in thejournal Lancet，public health experts note that the ways to prevent those deaths area’t surprising.But acting on those strategies will take individual and political will.Here’s how the experts hope to do it.Not smoke.The UN General Assembly set a target of cutting smoking around the world by 30%by 2025.Already,higher-income nations that already adopted smoking bans in public places and instituted tobacco taxes have seen drops in smoking rates，however,residents in lower-income nations continue to light up at high rates.Limit excessive drinking.While moderate amounts of alcohol have been linked to some health benefits，overindulging can increase the risk of certain cancers and liver disease，as well as contribute to high blood cating people about the risks of excessive drinking，as well as instituting taxes on alcoholic products，has been somewhat successful in curbing(遏制)abuse.Cut back on salt.High sodium (钠)diets can increase blood pressure and contribute to heart disease and stroke，and in many developed countries，people eat several times the amount the salt their bodies need.In the U.S.，the average American consumes about 800mg more salt every day than health experts consider acceptable.Promoting alternatives，such as the citric acid in lemons，to satisfy the need for salt，Call help to bring sodiunl consumption down.Get blood pressure under ck of exercise and high sodium diets contribute to hypertension(高血压)，and uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to stroke and heart disease.Monitoring blood pressure with regular screenings，and treating elevated levels with changes in diet and exercise，or medications if necessary,are the most effective ways to address this risk factor.Address diabetes.Closely tied to the obesity epidemic(肥胖病)that now affects developing as well as developed nations，diabetes can increase the risk of heart disease，kidney disease and other conditions that can shorten life.Studies show that lifestyle changes incorporating healthy diets low in sugar and phy’sical activity call be as effective as medications in keeping blood sugar levels in check.56.What does the author mean by sayin9“acting on those strategies will take individual and political will”(Line 4-5，para.1)?A.Both politicians and individuals wish to put the strategies into practice.B. Conducting those strategies needs to consider both personal and official will.C.Carrying out those strategies needs both individual and govemmental support.D.Either individual or government can carry out those strategies.57.What have high.income countries done to smoking?A. Banned smoking in the public and reduced tobacco taxes.B.Banned public smoking and established tobacco taxes.C. Dropped smoking rates and banned smoking in public.D. Dropped smoking rates and lowered tobacco taxes.58.What is the author’s suggestion to sodium consumption?A.Eat lemons instead of excessive salt to cut down sodium consumption.B.Take in as less salt as possible for the sake of health.C. Take in at least 800mg of salt every day.D.Never take in salt but citric acid to keep fit.59.What carl you learn about hypertension from the passage?A. Moderate amount of alcoholis good for blood pressure contr01.B.American people have a less opportunity to develop hypertension.C.Regular blood pressure monitoring can reduce the risk of diabetes.D.Controlling blood pressure properly can reduce the risk of stroke and heart disease.60.What should we do to address diabetes?A.Keep a low.sugar diet.B.Take physical exercise.C. Receive drug treatment.D. All of the above.56.What does the author mean by saying“acting on those strategies will take individual and political will”(Line4.5，para.1)?作者说引号中的这句话是什么意思?A.Both politicians and individuals wish to put the strategies into practice.政府和个人都希望将这些策略投入使用。
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案(一)
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案(一）一Theｒｅare three kiｎds of gｏals：shorｔ—ｔerm,ｍeｄｉum—raｎge and ｌong－term goals、Sｈort-raｎge ｇｏaｌs ａre those ｔhatｕsuａlly deal wiｔh cuｒｒｅnt ａctｉvitｉｅｓ,whｉcｈｗe can appｌy on ａdaily bａsｉs、Ｓuch gｏa ｌs ｃan be achievｅd in a week or less,or two ｗｅeｋｓ，or ｐoｓsiblｅmoｎtｈｓ、Itｓhｏuld bｅｒｅｍeｍbｅred that juｓt ａs a ｂuｉｌｄｉng is ｎo stroｎgｅｒthａn its ｆｏundation ，out long—teｒm ｇoalｓｃａnnot amounｔto vｅｒｙｍunｃh without thｅachievement ｏｆｓoliｄsｈort－term goals、Ｕpｏn plｅtinｇoｕｒshorｔ—term goals,ｗe shｏuld ｄate the ｏccaｓioｎand thenａｄｄnｅw shoｒt—ｔerm goaｌs ｔｈａｔwill buil ｄｏnｔhoseｔhat haｖe ｂeeｎplｅted、Tｈe inｔeｒmediatｅgoals bｕkｌd on ｔhｅfounｄaｔion oｆｔhe s ｈort－range goalｓ、Ｔhey migｈt deaｌwith ｊust oｎe term of scｈoｏｌor the entｉｒe schoｏl yeaｒ，or they ｃoｕld evｅn exteｎd ｆｏr sｅvｅral years、Ａny time ｙou ｍｏve a sｔeｐaｔａtｉme,ｙou sｈouｌｄne ｖer allow yoursｅｌf to bｅe discourａged or oveｒｗhｅlmed、As yｏuｐｌete eａch ｓtｅp,ｙou will ｅnfｏrｃeｔhｅbeliｅf in ｙour aｂilitｙto groｗadn ｓuccｅed、And ａs your ｌistｏｆｐｌｅtioｎｄates gｒｏw，your motiｖａtion and ｄesire ｗillｉncrease、Long—rａｎgｅｇoals maｙbｅrelaｔed to oｕｒdreaｍs ｏｆtｈe future、Thｅy might cover five years or more、Ｌｉfe iｓnot aｓtatｉc ｔhiｎg、Ｗe shoｕld nｅvｅr ａｌlow a lonｇ—ｔerm goal to limit uｓo ｒoｕｒｃouｒse of action、1、Our long－term goａｌｓmean a lot＿＿、a、if we ｐｌete ourｓｈort－range ｇoａlsb、ｉf we canｎot reaｃｈsolｉｄshoｒｔ-term goaｌｓｃ、iｆwｅwriｔe down thｅdatesd、if ｗｅｐut ｆｏrward some plaｎs２、Ｎew shｏｒt—term goals aｒe bulid ｕpon__、a、ｔｗo yeaｒsb、lｏng—tｅrm goalsc、ｃurｒent activｉtiesｄ、the goaｌs thaｔhave been ｐｌeted３、Whｅn ｗe ｐletｅeach step oｆour goals ，__、ａ、we ｗill wiｎfinal succeｓsb、ｗe are overwｈｅlmeｄc、ｗｅsｈｏｕld bｕildｕp coｎｆidenｃｅoｆsuccessd、we shouｌｄstrｏng dｅsｉｒe for settinｇnew goals4、Oｎｃe ourｇoals are drawｎup，＿_、a、ｗe shｏuldｓtiｃk to tｈem untｉｌｗe pleｔeｔｈeｍb、we mａy ｃhange ouｒgoａｌs as we have nｅw ｉdeaｓand ｏｐportunｉtiesc、we hａd betｔer waiｔfｏr theｅxcitinｇｎews of succeｓsｄ、we ｈaｖe made great ｄeｃｉsiｏn5、Itｉｓｉmplieｄbｕt noｔstateｄin the passage ｔhat _＿_、ａ、tｈose wｈo habe lｏng－tｅｒm goaｌs will ｓｕcceeｄb、wｒitｉng down thｅdates mayｄiｓｃouｒage yｏuｃ、tｈe goal iｓonly a guidｅfor us tｏrｅacｈour desinationｄ、eveｒy shoｕld have a ｇｏal答案:adcbｃ二The econoｍｙof thｅUnｉted sｔates ａftｅr 19５2 was theｅconnｏｍy oｆａｗell－ｆed，almost fullｙemploｙｅd people、Desｐiｔoｃcaｓｉo ｎal alarms，thｅcoｕntry escａped anｙpｏstwarｄepresｓion anｄlived iｎａstaｔe oｆboom、Ａn economic suｒvｅｙof the year１９55，ａtｙpicaｌｙeaｒof ｔhe 1９５0’ｓ, maｙbe tｙｐicａl as illｕsｔrating ｔhe rａpid eｃonｏmic gｒowｔh of the dｅｃadｅ、The naｔional ｏutput ｗas valｕe ａt 1０pｅrcｅnt abｏｖe tｈat of 195４(1955outｐut was ｅsｔiｍａteｄａt 39２ｂｉｌlｉｏｎdollaｒs)、Ｔhe prｏdｕｃｔｉon of mａnufactｕrerｓwaｓaboｕt 40percent moｒe thａn iｔｈａd ａv ｅragｅd in the yeａrs ｉmｍｅdiately folｌｏwing WorlｄＷar 2、Tｈe co ｕntry’s busｉｎess sｐent aｂｏut 30biｌｌion ｄollａrs fｏr neｗfaｃtoｒie ｓaｎd machinery、Nationａｌｉne aｖailａblｅfoｒspｅnding waｓａlｍｏst ａthird grｅater tｈaｎit had been ｉｔhaｄｂeen in 1９50、Ｃonsｕmeｒs ｓpentａbouｔ256 ｂillion dolｌars；that iｓabｏｕt 700 ｍilｌiｏｎdoｌｌarｓ a day ，ｏr about twenｔｙ-ｆｉｖe ｍillｉon doｌlarｓｅｖｅｒy hoｕr , aｌl ｒｏund theｃｌoｃk、Ｓｉxty-fｉve millｉｏn p ｅople held jobs ａｎｄoｎly a lｉttlｅmoｒe than ｔwo million waｎted jobs bｕｔｃould ｎot find ｔhem 、Oｎly agｒiｃultuｒe plainｅｄthat i ｔwas ｎoｔsharing inｔhe rｏom、To some oｂserｖers ｔhis was ａn ominous eｃho of the mid-1９20’s 、As faｒｍｅｒ's sｈrｅｏf theｉr products ｄｅclineｄ, mａrketing ｃoｓｔs rｏse、But thｅre wｅｒｅ，aｍong thｅobｓervers ｏｆthe ｎatiｏｎalｅcｏnomy，ａfｅwｗho wｅre ｎot as c ｏnｆidenｔａs the ｍajorｉty 、Thｏsｅｆew seemeｄｔo fｅaｒｔhａt ｔhe boom coulｄnｏｔlastａnｄｗoｕlｄｅventuａlly lｅad ｔo the oppｓite－depｒesｓion、1、What ｉs the beｓt title of the passage？a、The ＡgriculaturaｌTrends ｏf 1９50'sｂ、ＴhｅＵnemploｙmｅnt Rateｏf 1９50’sｃ、U、S、Ｅｃoｎomy in the ５0’sd、Tｈe Federａl Buｄget of195２2、In Lｉne 4 ，theｗｏrd “boom”could best ｂｅreｐlaｃｅd by_＿____、a、ｎearｂy eｘploｓｉonb、tｈunｄerｏｕsｎoisec、general pubｌic sｕpportd、rapｉd eｃonomic growth3、Iｔcan ｂe iｎferｒed the natｉoｎａl from tｈe passaｇe ｔhａt ｍｏｓt people ｉｎtｈeＵnited Stａｔes in１955 vｉewｅｄｔhｅnational econoｍy witｈan air ｏf_____＿＿__、a、coｎｆidｅncｅｂ、confusｉoｎｃ、ｄisaｐpoｉntmｅnｔd、sｕspｉcion４、Whiｃｈof the ｆoｌlowiｎg weｒｅLEAST satisfied wｉth theｎatioｎal ecoｎomy ｉｎthe 1950’s?a、Economistｓb、Frmaｅrsｃ、Pｏlｉtiｃｉansd、Ｓteelwｏrkerｓ5、Ｔhｅpａｓsagｅｓtates that in availaｂｌｅfｏr spendingｉn tｈe U、Ｓ、wａs grｅateｒin １9５５ｔhａnｉｎ19５0、Hoｗmuch wa ｓit ?a、6０％b、50％c、33%d、９0％答案：ｃdabc三Women are ａlｓo unｄerreprｅsented in tｈe ａdminｉsｔratiｏn and this is ｂecausｅthere are ｓoｆeｗwoｍeｎfull pｒofessors、Iｎ1985,Ｒege ｎｔBｅrｙl Milburn produｃeｄ a reporｔblastiｎg tｈe Uniｖｅrsｉty of Teｘas Systｅm adminｉｔration for nｏt enｃourａging ｗoｍeｎ、Ｔhe University wａs rateｄamｏng the lowesｔｆｏｒtｈe systｅｍ、In ａ１９87 update ，Milbｕrn mended tｈe prｏｇrｅsｓthaｔwaｓmａde and calledｆor ｅｖenｍｏre ｉmprovemeｎｔ、Oneｏｆthe posiｔive results ｆrｏm heｒstudy wａｓ a Ｓyｓtem－wide programｔo inform women of ａvailａble admiｎiｓtrａtｉｖe jobs、Collegｅof municationＡssociａte DeaｎPaｔricａWiｔherspoｏｎ,ｓaid iｔis iｍportant ｔｈat ｗomａn be fleｘiｂle wheｎit eｓto relocating iｆtｈey wａnt to rise in tｈｅranks、Althoｕgh a woman may facｅa chiｌly cliｍaｔｅon cａmpus ，mａny ｔimes in oｒder fｏr her to ｓucceed , she ｍuｓt riｓe above theｐrobleｍｓarouｎd her aｎd conｃenｔｒatｅon hｅr ｗoｒk、Untiｌwｏmen make uｐa greaｔer peｒｃentage ｏｆthe sｅnｉor ｐositiｏns ｉn the Uniｖeｒｓity aｎd all acａｄemia，ineqｕitiｅs wilｌeｘｉst、"Ｗｏmen nｅｅｄｔo spｅnd theiｒｅneｒgieｓａnd timｅdoｉng sｃholarlｙactivitｉes tｈａt aｒe impｏrtaｎt ｈere at the Uniｖersｉｔy、＂Spirｄuso said、"If ｔｈｅy do that wilｌbｅｓuｃcessｆul ｉn this sｙｓtem、If thｅy sｐend their time iｎlitｔｌe groups ｍoｕｒnｉngｔhe seｘｕａl disｃriminaｔｉｏｎｔhａt ｔｈeｙthink existｓhｅre, they ａre waｓtｉｎg valuaｂｌe ｓｔudy tｉme、＂１、Accoｒdinｇto Sｐirdｕso，women neｅｄtｏ＿_＿_、a、prｏｄuｃｅａrｅｐort on sexｕal discｒｉminaｔiｏnb、ｃall for fｕrther improvementｉn tｈeｉr workｉng condｉtioｎsc、ｓpend theｉｒeｎｅｒgies anｄｔimｅfｉgｈting agaｉnst sｅxｕal ｄisｃrimｉnatioｎd、spendｍore tiｍe and ｅｎergｙdoing sｃholaｒly acｔiｖｉties2、Fｒom this pasｓａge ，we know ｔhat ＿__＿_、a、there are mａny wｏmen full professors in tｈe Unｉveｒsity oｆＴexasb、ｗomeｎpｌａy aｎimportanｔparｔin admｉnitratｉng thｅUｎiveｒｓityc、the wｅather ｏｎthｅｃaｍpuｓｉs chilｌyd、wｏmｅn mａke up ａsｍall perceｎｔaｇｅoｆtｈe senior positｉｏns in tｈｅUniversitｙ3、Ｗhich of thｅfolｌowinｇｓtａtemenｔs iｓtｒue?a、the nｕｍbeｒof womｅn pｒofeｓｓors inｔhｅUnivｅrsitｙin 1987 was grｅateｒthａn tｈａt oｆ19８5b、the nuｍbｅr oｆwoｍen ｐroｆｅssors iｎtｈe Univeｒｓｉｔy in 1９8７wａs smａlｌeｒthａn tｈat oｆ19８5c、tｈe nｕmｂeｒofｗomen proｆessｏrｓwas the same as that ｏf1９８5d、moｒｅａnd more women profeｓｓors tｈoughtｔhａt ｓｅxuａl discｒiminatioｎdｉｄexit in ｔｈeＵniverｓiｔy４、Ｏnｅof tｈe ｐosｉtiｖe resuｌｔs ｆrom Mｉlbuｒn’s stｕdy was ｔhat ＿__＿_、a、women weｒｅtold to coｎceｎtratｅoｎｔeir workb、womｅn wｅre given inｆormatioｎａbouｔavａｉlａｂle administｒative jobｓc、womeｎwere encouragｅd to ｔake on alｌthe ａdminｉstｒative ｊobｓiｎｔhｅUnｖersityｄ、woｍen were eｎｃouｒageｄto do mｏｒe schoｌａｒlyａctiｖiｔｉeｓ5、Ｔhe titleｆｏr thiｓpａsｓagｅshouｌｄbe __＿_＿＿_、a、TheＵnｉｖersitｙoｆＴexasb、Ｍilburｎ’s Reportc、Women Ｐｒoｆesｓorsd、Sexual Disｃriｍiｎatiｏｎin Acaｄｅmｉa答案：ddabd四Tｏday ，as in eｖｅry otｈer daｙof tｈe year ，mｏre thａn 300０U、S、ａdｌesceｎtｓwｉll sｍoke theiｒｆirst cｉgaｒette on tｈｅｉr wａy ｔo beｉng ｒegｕｌaｒｓmｏkers as aｄuｌｔs、Duｒｉng their lifeｔime,ｉｔcａnｂe exｐｅｃｔｅd that of theｓｅ3０00 ａbouｔ２3 ｗill be murdereｄ,30 wiｌl die inｔｒaffiｃａｃcidentｓ，and nｅａrly 750 will ｂe kｉllｅd ｂy a sｍokiｎg-reｌaｔed disease、The number ｏf deａths aｔtribuｔeｄtｏcigarette ｓmｏkiｎg oｕtwｅｉｔhts alｌotｈｅr faｃｔors，whｅthｅr ｖolunｔａrｙｏr invｏluntaｒy, ａs a ｃause of deａtｈ、Siｎｃe thｅlatｅ１970ｓ，wheｎdａiｌy smoking ａmonｇｈighｓchｏol sｅｎioｒs reａched 30 pｒｅcent , smoking rａtｅｓａmonｇyoutｈhaveｄeclined、Wｈｉｌｅthe deｃline ｉs impｒessiｖｅ，ｓeveｒa ｌimpｏrtａｎt iｓsueｓmｕｓt ｂe raised、First，inｔhe past sｅverａｌyeａrｓ，sｍｏking ratｅs amonｇyoｕｔｈhave ｄｅｃｌinｅｄveｒy littlｅ、Sｅcoｎd，in the late1９70s ，smokｉng amｏng maｌe higｈscｈool ｓeｎiors eｘceedeｄthａtａmong ｆemalｅby neaｒly１0 pｅrceｎｔ、The stａtiｓｔic is reｖersｉng、Third,ｓeｖeｒaｌｒeceｎt ｓtudies haｖe inｄicate high scｈｏol dropouts have ｅxceｓsively high smｏｋｉnｇrates，as much as 75 pｅrcenｔ、Fiｎaｌly, ｔhｏｕth sigｎificant decｌｉｎｅｓin adolesｃｅnt smokｉn ｇhave ｏccｕｒred in the pａst ｄecadｅ,no definite rｅasons foｒｔｈe decliｎe ｅxist、Withiｎｔhis cｏntext，the Ｎaionａl Cａncｅr Instｉute (NCI）ｂegan ｉts current ｅffｏrｔto dｅtermiｎe tｈe mosｔeffｅcive measures ｔo redｕce smoｋｉｎｇleveｓl among yｏuth、1、Aｃｃｏrdiｎｇtｏｔｈｅauｔhor，the deatｈｓamong yoｕth ａre mainly caused bｙ_＿_＿＿、ａ、tｒaffic acciｄeｎtsb、sｍokinｇ-relａｔｅd desｅasec、ｍurｄerｄ、ａll of theｓe2、Ｅｖery day there arｅoｖｅr_____highｓchool strdents who ｗill b ｅｅreｇｕlaｒsmoker、a、７5b、２3c、３０d、30003、By ＂dropout" thｅauｔhor means＿_____、a、stｕdeｎtｓwｈo fａｉｌｅd tｈe examｉnaｔｉonb、ｓtudenｔs wｈo ｌefｔschoolc、ｓｔuｄentｓwho lost tｈｅirｗaｙd、ｓtｕｄentｓwhｏwｅｒe dｒiven out of scｈｏol4、The reason ｆor declinｉｎｇadolｅsｃent smoｋｉng ｉs thaｔ___＿_＿＿＿、ａ、NCI has tａｋen effectiｖe mｅaｓuresｂ、smokｉng is ｐrevented amｏng higｈsｃhoｏlｓｅnioｒｓｃ、tｈｅrｅare many smoｋers who havｅdieｄoｆcancerd、noｎｅoｆｔｈese５、Ｗhat ｉs impliｅｄbuｔnoｔstatｅd by the aｕtｈorｉｓｔhat __＿_＿___、a、smokinｇｒaｔes ａmonｇyｏutｈｈave dｅclined very litｔｌeｂ、theｒe are now mｏrｅfeｍale than ｍale smｏkers amonｇhigh ｓcｈooｌｓｅniorsｃ、high smoｋinｇraｔes ａｒe dｕe toｔｈe ｉncease in weaｌthd、sｍｏking at hｉgh school ａre ｆrｏm ｌoｗsocｉo—ecoｎomiｃｂａckｇrounds答案:bdｂdb五The fｏoｄｗe ｅａt seｅmｓｔｏhaｖe profoｕnd eｆfects on our ｈｅalth、Ａlｔｈｏugｈsｃience ｈaｓｍaｄｅenｏrmousｓtｅps ｉn making ｆood moｒe fit ｔo eat ，it ｈａｓ, at the same tiｍe，madｅmaｎy f ｏods uｎfit tｏeat、Some reseaｒch has sｈown that ｐerhaｐs eighty percent ｏf alｌhumａn iｌｌnｅsses aｒe ｒelateｄtｏdiet aｎd ｆorty percenｔof caｎcer is relａted to the ｄｉｅt as well，ｅｓpecially cancｅr of the colon、Diffeｒｅnｔcｕｌｔurｅｓare more likely ｔｏcauｓｅcertain differｅnt ｉlｌｎｅｓsｅs bｅcaｕse oｆthe ｆｏｏd tｈat ｉs cha ｒａcterisｔic in ｔhese cultures、Thaｔfooｄisｒｅlateｄtｏillｎesｓis ntｏa new discovｅrｙ、In １94５，abouｔ3５ｙeａrs ago，governme ｎtｒｅseaｒｃhｅrs ｒealiｚｅd thａt niｔrates，mｏnly used to preｓerve cｏlｏr iｎｍeａts，ａnd oｔher ｆood additｉvｉes，cauｓeｄｃaｎceｒ、Yet, ｔhese cａrcinogenｉｃａdｄitives rｅmain iｎour fｏod, aｎd iｔbeｅs mｏrｅdiｆｆiculｔalｌtｈｅtｉme to know which thinｇsｏnｔhe packagｉng ｌabelｓof prｏcessed food aｒe heｌpfulｏｒharmfｕl、The ａｄditiｖes ｗhiｃh we eat ａrｅnot all sｏdirecｔ、Faｒmｅｒsｏften gｉvｅpenicillin to beef anｄｌiviｎg aniｍaｌｓ，anｄbecaｕse ｏfｔhis ,peｎicillin has been fｏuｎd in the milk of treatｅd cow、Ｓｏmetimes si ｍｉlar ｄrｕgs ａre given to animalsｎot ｆｏr ｍedical purposes，bｕｔｆoｒfinａnciaｌrｅasoｎs、Tｈe farmers ａre simply tｒｙing to faｔten t ｈｅanｉmals ｉn orｄer to ｏbtaiｎa hｉghｅr prｉce on tｈe markｅt、Althougｈthe Food and Drug Aｄminisｔratｉoｎ(FDＡ）hasｔrｉｅd r ｅpeaｔｅdly to cｏntｒｏl ｔheｓｅpｒoceduｒes,ｔhｅpractiｃeｓcｏn ｔinue、１、Ｗhat ｉs the ｂest possible tiｔle of thｅｐａssage？a、Drug and Foｏdｂ、Cancer and Healｔhc、Fｏod and Hｅaｌｔhd、Ｈeａlｔh and Ｄｒug2、Wｈｉｃｈof the foｌlowiｎg ｓtatements is NOT ture?a、Drｕｇｓａre always giveｎtｏanimaｌｓfoｒmeｄicａl rｅaｓoｎsb、Some of the additives in ｏur foｏd ａrｅaｄｄed to thｅｆood itseｌf a ｎd somｅaｒe giｖｅn tｏtｈｅliving animalsｃ、Reseａrchersｈave ｋnown aｂout theｐotenｔｉaｌdangｅrs of ｆｏｏd aｄditiveｓｆoｒｏver thiｒｔy－fiｖe yｅarｓ、ｄ、Ｆood ｍayｃａuｓｅｆorｔy ｐercent oｆｃancｅr in wｏrld、3、How haｓｓcｉence donｅsomeｔｈｉng ｈarｍｆul to mａnkiｎｄ？a、Becａｕｓe ｏf sｃience ，diｓeases causeｄby pｏlluted ｆoｏｄｈaven beeｎviｒtuａｌlｙｅliminated、b、Ｉt haｓcaused a lａck of information concerning ｔhｅvalｕe of ｆｏｏd、c、Becaｕse oｆthe apｐｌiｃａtiｏn ｏｆscｉence,some potentialｌy h ａrmfulｓuｂstaｎces have ｂｅen aｄｄed ｔo fooｄ、d、The scientisｔs have preserved ｔｈｅcｏlｏr of meaｔs，ｂｕｔnot ｏf ｖeｇｅｔables、4、Ｗhａt arｅnitｒaｔｅs uｓｅｄｆor？a、Ｔｈey ｐreseｒvｅｆｌaｖｏr in packａgeｄfoods、b、Thｅｙｐｒeｓｅrve the cｏｌor of mｅａts、c、They ａre ｔhe objectｓof rｅsｅarｃh、ｄ、Thｅyｃauｓe ｔｈe aniｍaｌs tｏbｅe fatｔer、5、The word’caｒcinｏgeｎiｃ＇mｏｓｔnearly meanｓ＇＿___＿’、a、tｒｏｕble—makingb、ｃolor－reｔainｉnｇc、moｎｅｙ-mａkingd、caｎcer-causing答案：caｃbdＷhat iｓyoｕr fａvouriｔe colｏuｒ？Ｄo yoｕｌｉkｅyellow，orａngｅ,red？Iｆｙou dｏ,yｏｕmust be an ｏｐｔimist, a leaｄｅr，an active persｏn who eｎjoｙs life，pｅople aｎd eｘcitｅment、Do yｏｕpｒｅｆeｒgｒeys and bｌuｅｓ? Then you aｒe ｐrobabｌy quiｅt,shｙ, and ｙou would rａｔher ｆolloｗthａnｌeａd、Yoｕｔend ｔo be a pｅssiｍist、A ｔleast，this ｉs whａt psychologisｔs tｅlｌus，ａｎd theｙshｏuld know,ｂｅcausｅtｈey have been serｉoｕslｙstudyｉｎg tｈe ｍｅaninｇof coloursｐrｅferｅnce, ａs well as tｈe eｆfｅｃt tｈat colours havｅｏn hｕman bｅｉnｇｓ、Tｈeｙｔelｌs ｕs，ａｍonｇotheｒfaｃts，ｔhａt we dｏnot ｃhoosｅour faｖｏuriｔｅclｏuｒas we grow up－-－—ｗe arｅborn witｈour prefｅreｎce、If yｏｕhappｅn to love ｂrｏwn, ｙｏu d ｉｄsｏ, as soonａs ｙｏu ｏpｅneｄyour eｙes,or at leaｓt aｓsooｎas yｏu coｕld ｓｅe clearly、Colours do inｆluencｅoｕｒmｏｏdｓ－——-there iｓnｏdoubｔabout it 、A ｙeｌｌｏw room makｅs mosｔpeopｌeｆeｅｌmoｒe chｅｅrful aｎd moｒeｒeｌａxed thanａｄaｒk greｅn one；and a red dress briｎgｓwａrmth anｄcｈeｅr to the sａdｄｅsｔｗinter day、On tｈｅｏtｈer hanｄ,black is depｒessinｇ、 A bｌａck bridｇe ovｅr ｔhe Thａｍes Rivｅr，ｎeａｒＬｏｎdｏn，ｕseｄto bｅthe ｓcene ｏf more suicides ｔｈan any othｅr bridge iｎｔhe arｅa －-—－ｕｎtiｌit waｓrepaint ｅr greeｎ、Ｔhｅnumbeｒoｆsuｉcide ａｔtｅmptｓimｍediatｅly feｌl s ｈarply；perhapｓit ｗould have fａllen eｖｅn ｍｏre iｆthe brｉdge had b ｅｅｎdone ｉｎｐink or baｂｙblue、Light and ｂriｇht cｏlouｒs maｋe peｏple not only hｐpier buｔｍore active、Iｔｉs aｎesｔａｂliｓｈｅd ｆact that ｆactｏry worｋerｓworkbetteｒ，ｈarder ，ａnd ｈave fewer accidenｔs whｅn thｅiｒmacｈｉneｓarｅpａiｎｔed orａｎge ratherｔhan ｂlacｋor greｙ、１、”You woulｄｒaｔher fｏｌlｏw thaｎred”meａns__＿___＿、a、ｙｏｕdｏｎ’t liｋe to follow othｅrsｂ、ｙou would be a meｍberｒatｈer than a ｌeadｅｒc、ｙou wｏuｌｄbe afraｉｄof fｏｌｌowiｎg othersｄ、ｙｏu wouｌd likｅtｏｂe ａleaｄer ｒatｈer than a follower2、Iｆoｎe enjoｙs lｉfｅ, ｏne ｉｓsuｒe to preｆeｒ________、a、red tｏｙellowｂ、blｕeｔo orａｎgec、red tｏｇreｙｄ、blｕｅto yelloｗ３、"Ｔheｙtelｌｕs, aｍｏng other facts,ｔhat we doｎ’ｔchooｓe our ｆavouritｅcolｏuｒs as ｗe gｒｏw ｕp、”"Aｍｏng other facts”ｍeanｓ_＿_＿__、a、beｓides otｈer factsｂ、iｎrｅｇard to other faｃtｓc、not consｉdeｒing ｏｔheｒfacｔsd、accｏrｄing ｔｏoｔｈer ｆaｃtｓ4、Whｉcｈof thｅfolｌowing iｓfａcts？a、Peopｌｅ'sｐreference of oｎe colour to anothｅr isｉnsｔincｔb、Peoｐle's ｐrefeｒence oｆｏnｅcolｏｕr ｔo anotｈer ｉs acquｉｒed as ｔheｙgroｗｕｐ、c、Ｍore peｏple ｈａppen to lｏvｅｂｒｏwn bｅcause theｙsaｗsome ｔhｉng broｗｎwｈeｎtｈey were bornd、Coｌoｕrs ｈave little iｎflｕence on our moods5、Ｔｈose whｏmittｅd suicｉde prefeｒreｄtｈe bridge oveｒthｅThameｓRiver near ｌｏndｏｎtoｏtheｒｓbｅcａuse ｏf _______、a、itｓsｈapeｂ、ｉts ｓtructurｅｃ、its coｌｏｕrd、ｉts buiｌdｉng materｉals答案:bcａac十二Social cuｓtomsａnd ｗays of behaving ｃhange、Things whｉcｈwere coｎｓｉdｅred iｍpoliｔｅmａｎｙyearsａｇo arｅnｏｗaccepｔa ｂle、Jusｔａｆew yearｓago，it wａs coｎｓidered iｍpoliｔｅbｅhaviｏur ｆoｒａman ｔo smoｋｅon sｔreet、No man who thｏught ｏf hｉｍｓelf ｂy sｍokinｇｗhen a ladｙwas ｉｎａｒoｏm、Cｕstomsａlso diffeｒfｒom ｃountrｙｔo coｕｎtry、Dｏｅｓ a ma ｎwaｌｋonｔhe left or the right ｏf a wｏman inｙoｕｒcounｔry？Ｏr doesn't iｔmatｔer？Shｏｕld yoｕuse botｈｈaｎds when yｏu arｅeaｔing? Shoｕld leave one ｉn yoｕr lap,oｒｏn the tablｅ？Tｈe Ameriｃans ａnd the Britisｈnｏｔｏnly spｅak thｅsame lａnguage buｔaｌｓo share a larｇｅnumber of sociａｌｃustoms、For exampｌe，in bｏth Aｍeriｃａaｎd Enｇlaｎd pｅoplｅｓhａke handｓw ｈeｎthｅｙｍeeｔeaｃh otｈer foｒtｈｅｆirst ｔｉme、Alｓｏ, ｍo ｓt Enｇlishmｅn ｗiｌl opeｎ a ｄoor for aｗｏnman or oｆfｅr tｈｅiｒseat to a wｏｍａn ，anｄｓo wiｌl mosｔAmｅricａｎs、Pｒomptnｅss ｉs importaｎｔbotｈin Engｌand and in Amｅrica、Ｔｈａｔiｓ，iｆａdｉnｎｅr iｎｖiｔａtioｎis fｏr7 o’clocｋ, tｈe dinnｅr gue ｓt eiｔhｅr arrｉｖes closｅto tｈat ｔiｍe or cａlls up to explain hｉs del ａy、Thｅimpｏｒｔａnt ｔhｉng to remｅｍber abouｔsｏcial custoｍｓis nｏt to ｄo anything thaｔmigｈt mａｋｅoｔｈeｒpeopｌe feｅl uｎf ｏｒtaｂle--—-—eｓpeciａlly if ｔhｅy aｒe yoｕr guestｓ、Wheｎthe fooｄwas serｖed , one ｏf tｈe ｇｕeｓts sｔraｔｅd ｔo eａt his ｐeasｗiｔh a knｉfe、Thｅｏther guｅstｓｗｅre aｍusｅd or sｈockｅd，but the host calｍly pｉｃked up his knｉfe and bｅｇａn eaｔing iｎthｅｓamｅway、Iｔwoｕld have beｅn ｂaｄｍanｎeｒｓto make hｉsｇueｓt fｅe ｌfoｏlｉsh ｏr unfortaｂｌe、1、Ｉf oｎｅhaｓaccｅpｔed ａｄinner inｖitation ，whａt should he ｄo iｆｈe iｓtｏｂe ｌaｔe ｆor tｈe dinｎeｒ？ａ、Hｅshoulｄfｉｎd an eｘcuseb、He ｓhoulｄａdkｆor exｃuse、c、Hｅｓhouｌd sａy sｏrryd、He should teｌephone to eｘｐｌaiｎｈis ｂeing laｔe、2、"It woulｄhave ｂeｅｎｂad ｍａnners ｔo mａｋe his guesｔs feel foolisｈｏr uｎｆortable、”"Bad ｍanｎｅｒs ＂mｅans ___＿____、a、uｇlyｂ、dishｏnｅsｔc、ｉmpolited、shamｅｆul3、wｈｉｃh of tｈｅfoｌlowｉng ｄo yｏu think iｓthe bｅst tiｌｔlｅfor this passagｅ?a、Sｏcial Ｃｕstoms and Cｕsｔｏmsb、Soｃial Lｉｆec、Americａnａnd BrｉtisｈＣustomsd、Prｏmptneｓs Ｉs Imｐortant４、Acｃｏrding to thｅｔeｘｔ，tｈe best ｈost_＿__＿_＿、ａ、ｔrｉｅs ｈis bｅｓt to mａke ｈiｓｇuestｓｆeｅl forｔableb、ｍａkes his gｕｅsts fｅelｅxciｔedc、triｅｓtｏavｏid being naｕghｔy to ｈｉsｇｕｅstsd、triｅs to aｖｏｉd being foolish5、Ｔhe auｔhor of tｈisａｒticｌe ｍay agｒee with ｗhiｃh ｏf the ｆol ｌowing？ａ、The guｅstｗho ate his peas witｈa knifｅｂ、The oｔher gｕests who weｒe amused ｏr sｈockedc、The hoｓt who piｃked up hiｓknｉfe and began eating ｉn ｔhe same wayd、None ofｔhe abovｅ答案:ｄｃａaｃ十三NeｗＯrleａns, Louｉsｉaｎa，was establisｈed as pａrt ｏf the Fｒench Empiｒｅin １７1８、Ｉts lｏcaｔion ｏn tｈe eａst bａnk of the Missｉssippi Rｉｖer gaveｉt ｃonｔｒol ｏｆthe Americａn ｈｉnｅrland anｄｉt became strategically im ｐortant to mａｎy natｉｏns、Itｗaｓtransfｅｒｒeｄfrom France ｔo Spaｉn, ｒeturneｄto Ｆraｎcｅ,and ｆinally ｓｏld ｂy NaｐｏleoｎtｏthｅUniｔed States in 1８03、Thｅcitｙwas tｈｅsite oｆ a famｏus bat ｔleｆｏｕght in1８15 ｂetween the Ｂｒitｉsh, who hoped tｏcｏｎtｒol iｔ，ａnd the Ａmｅrｉcansｕndｅr Genｅrａl Aｎｄrew Ｊaｃk ｓon、Thｅriｖerｂed ofｔhｅMissｉsｓipｐi iｓconstaｎtly sｉltiｎｇaｎd the rivｅｒis now ａcｔuａlｌｙhigher thaｎthe citｙ、Leveeｓhｏlｄback the rｉver and giant pumpsａre useｄto mｏvｅwａtｅr ｆrｏm ｔｈe city inｔo thｅｒivｅr、ＡlthoｕgｈNew Oｒｌｅaｎsｈaas beenａpart of ｔhｅUniｔed Sｔateｓfｏｒａlmost tｗo centｕries, its popｕlatｉon takes grｅaｔpride i ｎiｔs Fｒeｎｃh hｅrｉtage、Loｕisiａna stilｌｒetains parts of the Cｏｄe Napoleon ｗhich,form manｙyearｓ，ｗａｓitｓonly law、NeｗOｒｌeans is careｆreｅcitｙaｎｄｉt boasts iｔs hot，ｓpiｃｙCｒeolｅseafｏｏdａnｄits natｉve DixielanｄＪazz、The ｊackｓon Sｑuａre neighborhood maｉntａｉnsｉtｓＦrench ｃolonｉal homes and ｉn oｔｈｅr sｅctions areｐrｅ-Cｉvｉl Waｒmansiｏｎs、Visitors aｒe surｐrised tｏfind thａt behiｎd ｔｈis iｎteｒｅstiｎg facadｅoｆyeｓｔeryear, iｓa ｂuｓy ｉｎduｓｔrial and porｔciｔｙ、Ｇraｉnａnｄcoal e ｆｒom the Mｉｄwest aｎｄｆoｒeigｈcaｒgoeｓare unloaded ｈere、New Orleans ｉs no longｅr ａsｌｅepy Ｓouｔhern towｎ—--—ｂｕt it’s st ｉlｌfun to visit、1、Whａｔacｃｏunts for thｅleveeｓanｄpumpｓｉn Nｅw Orleans？a、The Miｓｓisｓippi frｅquently fｌoｏｄs tｈe cｉty、b、The riverbed haｓraisｅd intｈe past ２０0 yｅａrs、c、Tｈｅtorrentｉalｒａins flｏod the city frｅquenｔly、d、Tｈe hiｇhｈumidiｔy caｎnot ｏtheｒwise be ｔroｌｌeｄ、２、Ｔhe bａｔｔlｅof New Orleａns was foｕght bｙjackｓoｎａgainst_____＿、ａ、Frａnceｂ、Britａiｎc、Spaind、Tｈe Ｎoｒｔh3、Tｈe Code Nａｐoleoｎwas _______、a、aｎaｇrｅemｅnt to sell Loｕisianab、ａbｏdy of laｗsc、ａciｔy plａｎd、a miｌitarｙcode for thｅarmｙ４、Ｗｈｉch of the folloｗing elemenｔs ｄoes not applｙto the attiｕｄe of thｅiｎｈabitanｔs ｏf NｅｗOrleans？a、Ｐridｅin their Ｆｒｅnｃhｈeｒitage、b、A ｄesirｅｔo retain picｔuｒeｓque ｃｏｌonｉaｌbuilｄｉngs、c、A ｒｅｆusal to engaｇe in ｔｒade and mercｅｄ、A praising of Dixieland Jaｚｚ、5、Tourists vｉsitiｎg New Ｏrleａns aｒe ｓurｐriseｄto encoｕnter__＿_＿、a、Creole foodｂ、Diｘｉeｌａnd ｊazzｃ、bustling cityd、aｕthｅｎtic colｏnial hoｍes答案: bbｂｃc十四ThｅUniteｄStaｔes iｓｏnｔhe verge of loｓｉng its lｅading ｐlac ｅin ｔhe worｌd's tｅｃhnoｌｏgy、So sａyｓｍｏre thａn ｏｎｅsｔu ｄy ｉn rｅｃeｎt yeａrs、One ｏf the ｒeasｏns fｏr this ｄecline ｉｓthe paralｌel dｅclｉｎe in the nｕｍbｅr ｏf U、S、scｉentisｔs ａnd engｉneｅｒs、Ｓincｅ197６，eｍｐloymentｏｆｓcientists anｄｅnｇｉｎeeｒs ｉs u ｐ８5 peｒcｅｎt、Ｔｈiｓtｒｅnd ｉs eｘpected ｔo cｏｎtiｎue、Howevｅｒ，ｔｈeｔrend shows ｔhaｔthｅｎｕmｂer of２2－year-olds －-ｔhｅnｅar term ｓourｃe of fｕturｅPH、D、ｓ—ｉs decliｎｉng、F ｕrther aｄdingｔo ｔhｅproｂｌem ｉｓthe increasｅd peｔｉtiｏn foｒｔhesｅｃandiｄates frｏm ｏthｅr fｉelds-law，ｍｅdicine,business,etc、Ｗhｉle ｔhe nuｍｂeｒof U、S、ＰH、D、s ｉn ｓcｉeｎce ａnd engiｎeeri ｎg ｄecｌinｅｓ，the award of ＰH、D、s to fｏreｉgn ｎationaｌs iｓｉncr ｅasiｎg ｒapidｌy、Our inabiｌitｙtｏmｏtivate ｓtudents tｏpursue scieｎcｅand engiｎeerinｇcareerｓat the graduate levｅｌis poundeｄｂｅcａｕse of the ｉnｔensｅdemand industｒｙｈas ｆor bright Ｂachｅｌor'ｓand Mastｅr's dｅgｒee holders、Ｔｏo often, promising PH、D、candｉdatｅs，coｎfｒoｎting the cｏst ａnｄｆinancｉaｌsacrｉfice of pursuiｎg theirｅducａtｉｏn,ｆiｎd ｔhe attrａｃｔiｏｎof industry irresｉsｔibｌe、1、Ｔｈe U、S、will e to lｏse iｔs lｅading ｐlace ｉｎteｃhnｏｌogy pｒｏbably bｅcａｕse_____＿_＿、a、ｔhｅnuｍberｏf PH、D、degrｅe hoｌｄers is decｌininｇb、thｅnumber of sｃieｎtｉsts aｎｄeｎgｉneers ｉｓdeｃｒeaｓｉｎgc、thｅｎumberｏf 2２-yeａｒ-ilｄｓis dｅｃｌｉniｎgd、ｓｃientists and eｎｇiｎeers ａrｅｎoｔemｐｌoyｅd２、The fiｅｌd of ｓciencｅanｄeｎgineeｒｉng is ｆacinｇa petit ｉｏn from__＿__＿＿_、a、technolｏgyｂ、foreｉgn naｔioｎaｌｓｃ、such fieldｓａｓｌaｗ, mｅdicine ａnｄbusinｅssd、poｓtｇraｄuates3、Largｅ-ｓｃaｌe ｅnterprｉseｓｎow neeｄ＿______、a、bright ｇradｕａtｅsａnｄｐoｓtgｒaduateｓb、new inventionsｃ、ａdvancedｔechnoｌｏgyｄ、eｎgｉneeｒｓ４、Ｍａny ｐromisiｎｇpoｓtgraduates are ｕnwilｌｉnｇto pｕrsue a ＰH、D、ｄｅgrｅe because ______＿__、a、thｅy aｒe noｔencｏuraｇeｄto be enｇaged inｓcienceb、ｉndustｒy dｏeｓnot rｅquire PH、D、hｏldeｒsc、tｈey have finａncial difficultiesd、theｙwiｌl spend much time and ｅｎergy plｅting ＰH、D、5、PH、D、candiｄates”find ｔｈe attｒaction ofｉｎduｓtry ｉrreｓｉstiｂle"meaｎs thaｔ＿＿_______、a、ｔhｅy ｆind iｎdustry is aｔｔｒａctinｇmｏｒe and more ｃoｌle ｇｅstuｄeｎtsb、theｙdon'ｔｔｈiｎk they can prｅｖent themselveｓfrom wｏrkiｎg foｒinｄusｔｒyc、they cannot ｒesist aｎy attractｉon frｏm ａllｓiｄesd、thｅy cａnnot workｆor inｄｕstｒy any ｌonger答案：bcａdb十五Newｄａyｓ,ａstandaｒd foｒｍeasｕｒing poweｒhas cｈanged、Ｔhes ｅcｈangeｓfｏｒetｅll a new sｔaｎdard for measurｉng power、Nｏloｎｇer will a natｉon＇s pｏlitical iｎfｌｕence be baseｄｓｏlｅｌy on tｈe str ｅｎgｔh of ｉts military forcｅs、Of coｕrse, mｉlｉtary efｆectiｖeｎess will re ｍaiｎ a pｒimary ｐrｉmary meaｓureｏf power、But pｏlｉticａl influｅｎce iｓａｌsｏcｌoseｌy tied ｔo industrial peｔｉｔiveness、It’s ofｔｅn ｓaid ｔhat witｈouｔitｓｍilitary ｔhe Sｏviet Uniｏn wouｌｄreally be a t ｈird—wｏrld natiｏｎ、The nｅｗstａndard of ｏpｗｅｒａnｄinｆｌｕencｅtｈａt is ｅvoｌviｎg now plaｃes more emphasis on the abiｌity of ａcountry tｏｐeｔｅeffectｉｖely iｎtｈe ecｏnｏmｉｃｍaｒkets of the ｗoｒlｄ、Americaｍusｔrecognｉze thiｓnew coｕrsｅof ｅveｎts、Ouｒsuccｅｓs iｎsｈａpinｇｗorld eveｎtｓoｖer the pasｔ４０ｙearｓhaｓbeeｎthｅｄiｒect resuｌt oｆｏｕｒabｉliｔｙto ａｄａｐt ｔe ｃhnｏlｏgyａnd ｔｏtake advantagｅof tｈe capabilitiesｏf our ｐeople for the puｒpose oｆｍaintaiｎinｇpeace、Oｕr ｉnｄustriａl prowess ov ｅr most of ｔhｉs pｅrioｄwas unchａlｌｅnｇｅd、It is ironiｃtｈat ｉt iｓjust ｔhiｓｐｒｏwess that has eｎabled otheｒcouｎtrｉｅｓto ｐroｓp ｅr and iｎtｕrｎto tｈrｅaten ｏｕr iｎduｓtriaｌlｅaderｓｈip、Ｔhe ｐｅｔitiveneｓｓof Ａmｅriｃa’ｓiｎｄuｓtrial basｅiｓan isｓｕe biｇｇer ｔｈaｎtｈｅDepartment oｆＤｅｆense and is gｏing to ｒeq ｕirｅthe eｆforts of thｅmajｏr institutional ｆｏｒcｅs iｎour sociｅty—govｅrnmｅnt，ｉndustrｙ，aｎd eｄuｃation、Thａt is nｏt ｔｏsay that th ｅDｅfenｓe Depａｒtmeｎｔwｉll nｏｔbｅａstroｎg ｆｏrce in tｈe process bｅcａｕse weｗill、Bｕt ｗe simply ｃａnｎot be，noｒｓhoｕl ｄwe be，ｌoｏked upon ｂy others aｓｔhe sａviｏr of Ａmｅrｉｃａn industｒy、１、Ｎoｗａnatｉon＇ｓpolｉtｉｃaｌinｆlueｎce depends on _______＿_、a、ｔheｓｔrｅngｔh ｏf its ｍiｌitaｒy fｏrｃeｓb、ｉts abｉlｉtｙtｏpｅte iｎｉｎdusｔｒyc、eｃonｏmｉc maｒｋｅｔsd、botｈａand b２、The Ｓoviet Union was not ｌisteｄaｓa thiｒd-wｏrlｄnation just bｅｃaｕse of __＿__＿＿__、a、itｓpｏｗerfulｍｉlｉtary forcesb、ｉｔs ｖaｓｔlaｎdc、itｓiｎduｓtｒial ｐｅtｉｔivenesｓｄ、ｉts coｎtribｕtｉons to world peaｃe3、Tｈe aｕthoｒｉndicａtｅｓtｈaｔ____＿_is threａteｎing American ｐolitｉcal pｏwer、a、ｏther coｕｎｔrieｓb、ｔｈe deｃlining U、S、indｕstrial bａsec、a ｎｅw sｔandaｒd for measuriｎg poｗeｒd、lesｓａdvaｎced technology4、Amｅricａsucceeded ｉn shaping ｗoｒld eventｓover paｓt 40 yｅａrs ｐrobably becaｕseｏf ______＿____、a、its abiｌiｔｙｔｏａdaｐｔtecｈnｏｌｏｇｙb、its ability ｔｏｔake advantage of tｈｅcapabiｌitiｅsｏf its pe ｏplec、its aｂiliｔy to pｅｔe in the ｗｏｒlｄmaｒkeｔsd、both a ａｎd b5、Ｔhｅpurpｏｓe oｆwrｉｔｉｎg ｔｈis artｉcle ｉs __________、ａ、to dｒaw the reａｄers’ａtｔentiｏｎｔｏ a neｗstaｎdarｄfor ｍe ａsuｒing powerｂ、toｄemonstrａtｅＡmericaｎpoｌiｔical influｅｎce in tｈe woｒldc、ｔo ｅmphasize thaｔeffｏｒｔs ｍｕｓｔｂe made to ｓtrenｇthe ｎthe dｅcｌｉｎiｎg U、Ｓ、industrial based、ｔo show Americａnｉndusｔｒiaｌprｏwesｓ答案：daｂdｃ。
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案(一)
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（一）一There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals.Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.1.Our long-term goals mean a lot__.a.if we complete our short-range goalsb.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsc.if we write down the datesd.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon__.a.two yearsb.long-term goalsc.current activitiesd.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals ,__.a.we will win final successb.we are overwhelmedc.we should build up confidence of successd.we should strong desire for setting new goals4.Once our goals are drawn up,__.a.we should stick to them until we complete themb.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesc.we had better wait for the exciting news of successd.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ___.a.those who habe long-term goals will succeedb.writing down the dates may discourage youc.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationd.every should have a goal答案：adcbc二The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical ye ar of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business s pent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their products declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.1. What is the best title of the passage?a. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950’sb. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’sc. U.S. Economy in the 50’sd. The Federal Budget of 19522. In Line 4 , the word “boom”could best be replaced by______.a. nearby explosionb. thunderous noisec. general public supportd. rapid economic growth3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________.a. confidenceb. confusionc. disappointmentd. suspicion4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950’s?a. Economistsb. Frmaersc. Politiciansd. Steelworkers5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 than in 1950 . How much was it ?a. 60%b. 50%c. 33%d. 90%答案：cdabc三Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement.One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs.College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work.Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist."Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here at the University." Spirduso said. "If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."1.According to Spirduso,women need to ____.a.produce a report on sexual discriminationb.call for further improvement in their working conditionsc.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discriminationd.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities2.From this passage ,we know that _____.a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texasb.women play an important part in adminitrating the Universityc.the weather on the campus is chillyd.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University3.Which of the following statements is true?a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 1985b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that of 1985c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University4.One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that _____.a.women were told to con centrate on teir workb.women were given information about available administrative jobsc.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversityd.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities5. The title for this passage should be _______.a.The University of Texasburn's Reportc.Women Professorsd.Sexual Discrimination in Academia答案：ddabd四Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.a.traffic accidentsb.smoking-related deseasec.murderd.all of these2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By "dropout" the author means______.a.students who failed the examinationb.students who left schoolc.students who lost their wayd.students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.a.NCI has taken effective measuresb.smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc.there are many smokers who have died of cancerd.none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.a.smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds答案：bdbdb五The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.1.What is the best possible title of the passage?a.Drug and Foodb.Cancer and Healthc.Food and Healthd.Health and Drug2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasonsb.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animalsc.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.d.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.3.How has science done something harmful to mankind?a.Because of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.4.What are nitrates used for?a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.b.They preserve the color of meats.c.They are the objects of research.d.They cause the animals to become fatter.5.The word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means '_____'.a.trouble-makingb.color-retainingc.money-makingd.cancer-causing答案：cacbdWhat is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow , orange ,red? If you do ,you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet,shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts,that we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up----we are born with our preference.If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.Colours do influence our moods----there is no doubt about it .A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand ,black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area ----until it was repainter green.The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply ;perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better,harder ,and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.1."You would rather follow than red" means_______.a.you don't like to follow othersb.you would be a member rather than a leaderc.you would be afraid of following othersd.you would like to be a leader rather than a follower2.If one enjoys life, one is sure to prefer________.a.red to yellowb.blue to orangec.red to greyd.blue to yellow3."They tell us, among other facts,that we don't choose our favourite colours as we grow up." "Among other facts" means______.a.besides other factsb.in regard to other factsc.not considering other factsd.according to other facts4.Which of the following is facts?a.People's preference of one colour to another is instinctb.People's preference of one colour to another is acquired as they grow up.c.More people happen to love brown because they saw something brown when they were bornd.Colours have little influence on our moods5.Those who committed suicide preferred the bridge over the Thames River near london to others because of _______.a.its shapeb.its structurec.its colourd.its building materials答案：bcaac十二Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on street. No man who thought of himself by smoking when a lady was in a room.Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn't it matter? Should you use both hands when you are eating? Should leave one in your lap,or on the table?The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs. For example, in both America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a wonman or offer their seat to a woman , and so will most Americans. Promptness is important both in England and in America. That is , if a dinner invitation is for 7 o'clock , the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up to explain his delay.The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable-----especially if they are your guests. When the food was served , one of the guests strated to eat his peas with a knife . The other guests were amused or shocked , but the host calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.1.If one has accepted a dinner invitation ,what should he do if he is tobe late for the dinner?a.He should find an excuseb.He should adk for excuse.c.He should say sorryd.He should telephone to explain his being late.2."It would have been bad manners to make his guests feel foolish or uncomfortable." "Bad manners " means ________.a.uglyb.dishonestc.impolited.shameful3.which of the following do you think is the best tiltle for this passage?a.Social Customs and Customsb.Social Lifec.American and British Customsd.Promptness Is Important4.According to the text, the best host_______.a.tries his best to make his guests feel comfortableb.makes his guests feel excitedc.tries to avoid being naughty to his guestsd.tries to avoid being foolish5.The author of this article may agree with which of the following?a.The guest who ate his peas with a knifeb.The other guests who were amused or shockedc.The host who picked up his knife and began eating in the same wayd.None of the above答案：dcaac十三New Orleans, Louisiana, was established as part of the French Empire in 1718.Its location on the east bank of the Mississippi River gave it control of the American hinerland and it became strategically important to many nations. It was transferred from France to Spain, returned to France,and finally sold by Napoleon to the United States in 1803. The city was the site of a famous battle fought in 1815 between the British, who hoped to control it , and the Americans under General And rew Jackson.The riverbed of the Mississippi is constantly silting and the river is now actually higher than the city. Levees hold back the river and giant pumps are used to move water from the city into the river.Although New Orleans haas beena part of the United States for almost two centuries, its population takes great pride in its French heritage. Louisiana still retains parts of the Code Napoleon which,form many years,was its only law.New Orleans is carefree city and it boasts its hot, spicy Creole seafood and its native Dixieland Jazz. The jackson Square neighborhood maintains its French colonial homes and in other sections are pre-Civil War mansions. Visitors are surprised to find that behind this interesting facade of yesteryear, is a busy industrial and port city. Grain and coal come from the Midwest and foreigh cargoes areunloaded here. New Orleans is no longer a sleepy Southern town----but it's still fun to visit.1.What accounts for the levees and pumps in New Orleans?a.The Mississippi frequently floods the city.b.The riverbed has raised inthe past 200 years.c.The torrential rains flood the city frequently.d.The high humidity cannot otherwise be comtrolled.2.The battle of New Orleans was fought by jackson against______.a.Franceb.Britainc.Spaind.The North3.The Code Napoleon was _______.a.an agreement to sell Louisianab.a body of lawsc.a city pland.a military code for the army4.Which of the following elements does not apply to the attiude of the inhabitants of New Orleans?a.Pride in their French heritage.b.A desire to retain picturesque colonial buildings.c.A refusal to engage in trade and commerced.A praising of Dixieland Jazz.5.Tourists visiting New Orleans are surprised to encounter_____.a.Creole foodb.Dixieland jazzc.bustling cityd.authentic colonial homes答案：bbbcc十四The United States is on the verge of losing its leading place in the world's technology. So says more than one study in recent years. One of the reasons for this decline is the parallel decline in the number of U.S. scientists and engineers.Since 1976,employment of scientists and engineers is up 85 percent. This trend is expected to continue. However, the trend shows that the number of 22-year-olds--the near term source of future PH.D.s-is declining. Further adding to the problem is the increased competition for these candidates from other fields-law,medicine,business,etc. While the number of U.S. PH.D.s in science and engineering declines,the award of PH.D.s to foreign nationals is increasing rapidly.Our inability to motivate students to pursue science and engineering careers at the graduate level is compounded because of the intense demand industry has for bright Bachelor's and Master's degree holders. Too often, promising PH.D.candidates, confronting the cost and financial sacrifice of pursuing their education,find the attraction of industry irresistible.1.The U.S.will come to lose its leading place in technology probably because ________.a. the number of PH.D. degree holders is decliningb. the number of scientists and engineers is decreasingc. the number of 22-year-ilds is decliningd. scientists and engineers are not employed2.The field of science and engineering is facing a competition from ________ .a. technologyb. foreign nationalsc. such fields as law, medicine and businessd. postgraduatesrge-scale enterprises now need _______.a. bright graduates and postgraduatesb. new inventionsc. advanced technologyd. engineers4.Many promising postgraduates are unwilling to pursue a PH.D. degree because _________.a. they are not encouraged to be engaged in scienceb. industry does not require PH.D. holdersc. they have financial difficultiesd. they will spend much time and energy completing PH.D.5.PH.D. candidates "find the attraction of industry irresistible" means that _________.a. they find industry is attracting more and more college studentsb. they don't think they can prevent themselves from working for industryc. they cannot resist any attraction from all sidesd. they cannot work for industry any longer答案：bcadb十五Newdays,a standard for measuring power has changed.These changes foretell a new standard for measuring power.No longer will a nation's political influence be based solely on the strength of its military forces. Of course, military effectiveness will remain a primary primary measure of power.But political influence is also closely tied to industrial competitiveness. It's often said that without its military the Soviet Union would really be a third-world nation. The new standard of opwer and influence that is evolving now places more emphasis on the ability of a country to compete effectively in the economic markets of the world.America must recognize this new course of events. Our success in shaping world events over the past 40 years has been the direct result of our ability to adapt technology and to take advantage of the capabilities of our people for the purpose of maintaining peace. Our industrial prowess over most of this period was unchallenged. It is ironic that it is just this prowess that has enabled other countries to prosper and in turn to threaten our industrial leadership.. .. . .The competitiveness of America's industrial base is an issue bigger than the Department of Defense and is going to require the efforts of the major institutional forces in our society-government,industry,and education. That is not to say that the Defense Department will not be a strong force in the process because we will. But we simply cannot be, nor should we be, looked upon by others as the savior of American industry.1. Now a nation's political influence depends on _________.a. the strength of its military forcesb. its ability to compete in industryc. economic marketsd. both a and b2. The Soviet Union was not listed as a third-world nation just because of _________.a. its powerful military forcesb. its vast landc. its industrial competitivenessd. its contributions to world peace3. The author indicates that ______ is threatening American political power.a. other countriesb. the declining U.S. industrial basec. a new standard for measuring powerd. less advanced technology4. America succeeded in shaping world events over past 40 years probably because of ___________.a. its ability to adapt technologyb. its ability to take advantage of the capabilities of its peoplec. its ability to compete in the world marketsd. both a and b5. The purpose of writing this article is __________.a. to draw the readers' attention to a new standard for measuring powerb. to demonstrate American political influence in the worldc. to emphasize that efforts must be made to strengthen the declining U.S. industrial based. to show American industrial prowess答案：dabdc. . . w。
四级英语仔细阅读习题答案
四级英语仔细阅读习题答案Byalmost any measure, there is a boom in Intemet-based instruction. Injust a fewyears,34 percent ofAmerican universities have begun offering some form ofdistance learning DL, and among thelarger schools,it's closer to 90 percent.If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven't heard of theUniversity ofPhoenix. It grants degrees entirely on the basis ofonlineinstruction. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic usedtosupport its claimto be the largest private university in the country.Whilethe kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usuallysignifies a course in which theinstructors post syllabi 课程大纲, reading assignments, and schedules on Websites,and students sendin theirassignments by e-mail. Generally speaking,face-to-face communicationwith an instructor is minimized oreliminated altogether.Theattraction for students might at first seem obvious. Primarily, there's theconvenience promised by courseson the Net: you can do the work, as they say, inyour pajamas 睡衣. But figuresindicate that the reducedeffortresults in a reduced commitment to the course. While dropout rates for allfreshmen at American universitiesis around 20 percent, the rate for onlinestudents is 35percent. Students themselves seem to understand theweaknessesinherent in the setup. In a survey conducted for eComell, the DL division ofComell University, lessthan a third of the respondentsexpected the quality ofthe online course to be as good as the classroom course.Clearly,from the schools' perspective, there's a lot of money to be saved. Althoughsome of the moreambitious programs require new investments in servers andnetworks to support collaborativesoftware, most DLcourses can run on existingor minimally upgraded升级systems. The more students who enroll in acourse butdon't come to campus, the more the school saves on keeping the lightsonin the classrooms, paying doorkeepers,and maintaining parking lots. Andthere's evidence that instructors must work harder to run a DL course foravariety of reasons, they won't be paid any more,and might well be paid less.56、What is the most striking feature of theUniversity of Phoenix?A.Allits courses are offered online.B.Itsonline courses are of the best quality.C.It boasts the largest number of studentson campus.D.Anyone taking its online courses is sure to get a degree.57、According to the passage, distance learning isbasically characterized by____A.aconsiderable flexibility in its academic requirementsB.the great diversity ofstudents' academic backgroundsC.a minimum or total absence of face-to'faceinstructionD.the casual relationship between students and professors58、Manystudents take Internet-based courses mainly because they can ____A.earntheir academic degrees With much less effortB.savea great deal on traveling and boarding expensesC.select courses from variouscolleges and universitiesD.work on the required courses whenever andwherever59、What accounts for the high dropout rates for online students?A.Thereis no strict control over the academic standards of the courses.B.Theevaluation system used by online universities is inherently weak.C.There is nomechanism to ensure that they make the required effort.ck of classroominteraction reduces the effectiveness of instruction.60、According to the passage, universities showgreat enthusiasm for DL programs for the purpose of____A.building up their reputationB.cutting down on their expensesC.upgrading their teaching facilitiesD.providing convenience for studentsACDCBIn thisage of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there isno shortageof mindless activities to keepa child occupied. Yet, despite the competition,my 8-year-old daughter Rebeccawants to spend her leisure timewriting shortstories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competitionshe won last year.As awriter I know about winning contest, and about losing them. I knowwhat it islike to work hard on astory only to receive a rejection slip from thepublisher. I also know the pressures oftrying to live up to a reputationcreatedby previous victories. What if she doesn't win the contest again? That's thestrange thing about being aparent. So many of our own past scars anddashedhopes can surface.Arevelation 启示came last week when I asked her, "Don't you want to win again?" "No," she replied, "I just want to tell the story of an angel goingto first grade."I hadjust spent weeks correcting her stores as she spontaneously 自由地told them. Telling myself that Iwas merely an experienced writerguiding the young writer across the hall, I offeredsuggestions forcharacters,conflicts and endings for her tales. The story about a fearful angelstarting first grade was quickly "guided" by meinto the tale of alittle girl with a wildimagination taking her first music lesson. I had turnedher contest into mycontest without even realizing it.Stayingback and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks. Because I knowvery little about farmanimals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, Ihad to accept the fact that Iwas coopting 借用mydaughter'sexperience.Whilestepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good firststep that Iwill quickly follow with moresteps, putting myself far enough awayto give herroom but close enough to helpif asked. All the while I will bereminding myselfthat children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices.61、What do we learn from the first paragraph?A.Children do find lots of fun in many mindlessactivities.B.Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy herleisure time.C.Rebecca draws on a lot of online materials forher writing.D.A lot of distractions compete for Children'stime nowadays.62、What did the author say about her own writingexperience?A.She did not quite live up to her reputation as awriter.B.Her way to success was full of pains andfrustrations.C.She was constantly under pressure of writingmore.D.Most of her stories had been rejected bypublishers.63、Why did Rebecca want to enter this year'swriting contest?A.She believed she possessed real talent forwriting.B.She was sure of winning with her mother's help.C.She wanted to share her stories with readers.D.She had won a prize in the previous contest.64、The author took great pains to refine herdaughter's stories because____A.she believed she had the knowledge andexperience to offer guidanceB.she did not want to disappoint Rebecca whoneeded her help so muchC.she wanted to help Rebecca realize her dream ofbecoming a writerD.she was afraid Rebecca's imagination might runwild while writing65、What's the author's advice for parents?A.A writing career, though attractive, is not forevery child to pursue.B.Children should be allowed freedom to growthrough experience.C.Parents should keep an eye on the activitiestheir kids engage in.D.Children should be given every chance to voicetheir opinions.DBCAB感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析
英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析(1)Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage isfollowed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each ofthem there are four choices marked A.，B.，C.and D..You shouM decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on thefollowingpassage.With so many of the deaths each year from around the world directly related to poor health choices we make.world health leaders have set a goal of lowering the number of preventable deaths by 25%from 2010 rates by 2025.That would save 37 million lives over 15 years.Reporting in thejournal Lancet，public health experts note that the ways to prevent those deaths areat surprising.But acting on those strategies will take individual and political will.Heres how the experts hope to do it.Not smoke.The UN General Assembly set a target of cutting smoking around the world by 30%by 2025.Already,higher-income nations that already adopted smoking bans in public places and instituted tobacco taxes have seen drops in smoking rates，however,residents in lower-income nations continue to light up at high rates.Limit excessive drinking.While moderate amounts of alcohol have been linked to some health benefits，overindulging can increase the risk of certain cancers and liver disease，as well as contribute to high blood cating people about the risks of excessive drinking，as well as instituting taxes on alcoholic products，has been somewhat successful in curbing(遏制)abuse.Cut back on salt.High sodium (钠)diets can increase blood pressure and contribute to heart disease and stroke，and in many developed countries，people eat several times the amount the salt their bodies need.In the U.S.，the average American consumes about 800mg more salt every day than health experts consider acceptable.Promoting alternatives，such as the citric acid in lemons，to satisfy the need for salt， Call help to bring sodiunl consumption down.Get blood pressure under ck of exercise and high sodium diets contribute to hypertension(高血压)，and uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to stroke and heart disease.Monitoring blood pressure with regular screenings，and treating elevated levels with changes in diet and exercise，or medications if necessary,are the most effective ways to address this risk factor.Address diabetes.Closely tied to the obesity epidemic(肥胖病)that now affects developing as well as developed nations，diabetes can increase the risk of heart disease，kidney disease and other conditions that can shorten life.Studies show that lifestyle changes incorporating healthy diets low in sugar and physical activity call be as effective as medications in keeping blood sugar levels in check.56.What does the author mean by sayin9“acting on those strategies will take individual and political will”(Line 4-5，para.1)?A.Both politicians and individuals wish to put the strategies into practice.B. Conducting those strategies needs to consider both personal and official will.C.Carrying out those strategies needs both individual and govemmental support.D.Either individual or government can carry out those strategies.57.What have high.income countries done to smoking?A. Banned smoking in the public and reduced tobacco taxes.B.Banned public smoking and established tobacco taxes.C. Dropped smoking rates and banned smoking in public.D. Dropped smoking rates and lowered tobacco taxes.58.What is the authors suggestion to sodium consumption?A.Eat lemons instead of excessive salt to cut down sodium consumption.B.Take in as less salt as possible for the sake of health.C. Take in at least 800mg of salt every day.D.Never take in salt but citric acid to keep fit.59.What carl you learn about hypertension from the passage?A. Moderate amount of alcoholis good for blood pressure contr01.B.American people have a less opportunity to develop hypertension.C.Regular blood pressure monitoring can reduce the risk of diabetes.D.Controlling blood pressure properly can reduce the risk of stroke and heart disease.60.What should we do to address diabetes?A.Keep a low.sugar diet.B.Take physical exercise.C. Receive drug treatment.D. All of the above.56.What does the author mean by saying“acting on those strategies will take individual and political will”(Line4.5，para.1)?作者说引号中的这句话是什么意思?A.Both politicians and individuals wish to put the strategies into practice.政府和个人都希望将这些策略投入使用。
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万题库：2018年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案(卷一) PartⅢ Reading Section CPassage OneLosing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary. We know the risk of dementia(痴呆)increases with age. But if you have memory slips, you probably needn’t worry. There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss.After age 50, it’s quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people, places and thing quickly, says Dr. Kirk Daffner of Brigham and Womans Hospital in Boston.The brain ages just like the rest of the body. Certain parts shrink, especially areas in the brain that are important to learning, memory and planning. Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain. And blood flow can be reduce as vessels narrow.Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry about. But if you forget the plot of the movie or dont remember even seeing it, that’s far more concerning, Daffner says.When you forget entire experiences, he says, thats a red flag that something more serious may be involved. Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to driveto the house of a friend youve visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong.But even then, Daffner says, people shouldnt panic. There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep, high blood pressure, or depression, as well as medications like antidepressants.You dont have to figure this out on your own. Daffner suggests going to your doctor to check on medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory. And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brains cognitive(认知的)reserve, Daffner says.Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways, he says. In other words, keep your brain busy and working. And also get physically active, because exercise is a known brain booster.46.Why does the author say that one neednt be concerned about memory slips?A.Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.B.They occur only among certain groups of people.C.Not all of them are related to ones age.D.They are quite common among fifty-year-olds.A47.What happens as we become aged according to the passage?A.Our interaction skills deteriorate.B.Some parts of our brain stop functioning.munication within our brain weakens.D.Our whole brain starts shrinking.C48.Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously?A.Totally forgetting how to do ones daily routines.B.Inability to recall details of ones life experiences.C.Failure to remember the names of movies or actors.D.Occasionally confusing the addresses of ones friends.A49.What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up?A.Check the brains cognitive reserve.B.Turn to a professional for assistance.C.Stop medications affecting memory.D.Exercise to improve their well-being.B50.What is Dr. Daffners advice for combating memory loss?A.Having regular physical and mental checkups.B.Taking medicine that helps boost ones brain.C.Engaging in known memory repair activities.D.Staying active both physically and mentally.DPassage TwoYou probably know about the Titanic, but it was actually just oneof three state-of-the art(最先进的)ocean ships back in the day. The Olympic class ships were built by the Harland Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for the White Star Line company. The Olympic class included the Olympic, the Britannic and the Titanic. What you may not know is that the Titanic wasnt even the flagship of this class. All in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels of sea engineering, but they seemed cursed to suffer disastrous fates.The Olympic launched first in 1910, followed by the Titanic in 1911, and lastly the Britannic in 1914. The ships had nine decks, and White Star Line decided to focus on making them the most luxurious ships on the water.Stretching 269.13 meters, the Olympic class ships were wonders of naval technology, and everyone thought that they would continue to be so for quite some time. However, all suffered terrible accidents on the open seas. The Olympic got wreaked before the Titanic did, but it was the only one to survive and maintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanic was the first to sink after famously hitting a huge iceberg in 1912. Following this disaster, the Britannic hit a naval mine in 1916 and subsequently sank as well.Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by exhausted crews below deck. Most recognizable of the ship designs are the ships smoke stacks, but the fourth stack wasactually just artistic in nature and served no functional purpose. While two of these ships sank, they were all designed with doucle hulls(船体)believed to make them unsinkable, perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanics and the Britannics tragic end.The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as a hospital ship and troop transport in World War I. Eventually, she was taken out of service od 1935, ending the era of the luxurious Olympic class ocean liners.51.What does the passage say about the three Olympic class ships?A.They performed marvellously on the sea.B.They could all break the ice in their way.C.They all experienced terrible misfortunes.D.They were models of modern engineering.C52.What did White Star Line have in mind when it purchased the three ships?A.Their capacity of sailing across all waters.B.The utmost comfort passengers could enjoy.C.Their ability to survive disasters of any kind.D.The long voyages they were able to undertake.B53.What is said about the fourth stack of the ships?A.It was a mere piece of decoration.B.It was the work of a famous artist.C.It was designed to let out extra smoke.D.It was easily identifiable from afar.A54.What might have led to the tragic end of the Titanic and the Britannic?A.Their unscientific designs.B.Their captains’ misjudgment.C.The assumption that they were built with the latest technology.D.The belief that they could never sink with a double-layer body.D55.What happened to the ship Olympic in the end?A.She was used to carry troops.B.She was sunk in World War Ⅰ.C.She was converted into a hospital ship.D.She was retired after her naval service.D。