大学英语试题卷

大学英语试题（A ）注意事项：1.在试卷的标封处填写院（系）、专业、班级、姓名和准考证号。

2.考试时间共120分钟。

Directions: There are 3 passagesin this section. Eachpassage is followed by some questio ns or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Shee t 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.For Roy Johnson, a senior magazine editor, the latest indignity came after a recent dinner at a fancy restaurant in the wealthy New York City suburb where he and his family live. First the parking valet handed him the keys to his Jaguar instead of fetching the car. Then an elderly white couple came out and handed him the keys to their black Mercedes-Benz. “It took them a while to realize that I was not a valet,” says Johnson. “It didn ’t matter that I was dressed for dinner and had paid a handsome price for the meal, just as he had. What mattered was that I didn ’t fit his idea of someone who could be equal to him.”Such incidents, which are depressingly familiar to African-Americans of all ages, incomes and social classes, help explain why black and white attitudes often differ so completely. A recent survey found that 68 percent of blacks believe racism is still a major problem in America. Only 38 percent of whites agreed.Many Americans find the gulf between blacks and whites bewildering. After all, official segregation(隔离) is a bad memory and 40 years of law, policies and court decisions have helpedAfrican-Americans make significant progress toward equal opportunity. Indeed, a black man born in Harlem could be the nation’s next president.But racism persists, unmistakable to every black but largely invisible to many whites. It is evident in the everyday encounters African-Americans have with racial prejudice and discrimination, like the valet parking incident. Such encounters often strike whites as trivial misunderstandings. But they remind blacks that they are often dismissed as less intelligent, less industrious, less honest and less likely to succeed. Some insults are clearly racist; others may be evidence of insensitivity or bad manners rather than racial prejudice. But the accumulation of insults feeds anger.“What is amazing to me is the number of whites who express surprise that any of this happens,”observes Mary Frances Berry, chairperson of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, who says she has been watched at shopping malls.1. The word “valet” in the first paragraph most probably means .A) a restaurant owner B) a driver of expensive carsC) a wealthy-looking gentleman D) a restaurant employee taking care of dinners’ car2. Roy Johnson was unfairly treated because .A) his car was inferior in quality B) he didn’t wear proper clothesC) he failed to express himself clearly D) he is black3. From the passage we can learn that .A) both blacks and whites are bewildered by racismB) examples of racism are becoming rare in the USC) official segregation is forgotten because of bad memoriesD) a black man born in Harlem will be the next US president4. It is implied in the passage that many white people deny the presence of racism in the US because.A) they tend to regard instances of racism as trivial misunderstandingsB) they have never seen any instance of racism in their daily encountersC) they believe African-Americans have made significant progressD) they have treated black people as their equals on all occasions5. Judging from the context, the most possible explanation for Mary Frances Berry’s being watched at shopping malls is that .A) she was a celebrityB) she didn’t fit people’s idea of an Afro-American womanC) many people nowadays are insensitive and rudeD) she is black答案：1-5 DDAADPassage twoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:２Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity (身份) than to step out of uniform?Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.6. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality _______.A) still judge a man by his clothesB) hold the uniform in such high regardC) enjoy having a professional identityD) will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform7. People are accustomed to thinking that a man in uniform _______.A) suggests quality workB) discards his social identityC) appears to be more practicalD) looks superior to a person in civilian clothes8. The chief function of a uniform is to _______.A) provide practical benefits to the wearerB) make the wearer catch the public eyeC) inspire the wearer’s confidence in himselfD) provide the wearer with a professional identity9. According to the passage, people wearing uniforms _______.A) are usually helpfulB) have little or no individual freedomC) tend to lose their individualityD) enjoy greater popularity10. The best title for this passage would be _______.A) Uniforms and SocietyB) The Importance of Wearing a UniformC) Practical Benefits of Wearing a UniformD) Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms答案：6-10: BADCDPassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of t hem.The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。