马斯洛需求层次论案例

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马斯洛需求层次理论案例

马斯洛需求层次理论案例

马斯洛需求层次理论案例Document serial number【UU89WT-UU98YT-UU8CB-UUUT-UUT108】马斯洛需求层次理论一生理需要1 对饥饿的人,它能给予的最多----坎贝尔浓缩汤2 北极熊耐寒之迷 ----北极熊牌冬装分析:马斯洛所说的生理需要是各类需要中最基本的需要,是个体为了维持生存和发展对基本生活资料的需要,如空气、水、吃饭、穿衣、住宅、医疗等。

饥饿和寒冷是人生活要必须面对的俩个基本问题,吃不饱穿不暖就无谈发展,这俩个广告直接明了的的点出了人们的需要,浓缩汤都是精华,北极熊耐寒,能给饥饿与寒冷之人很现实的,基本的满足。

给了他们渴望与动力。

“衣食足则知荣辱”说的就是这个道理。

二安全需要1买渤海保险,享泰达人生----渤海保险2 尖端科技,平安领先----睿翼监控分析:安全需求是人们表现为要求稳定安全受到保护有秩序能免除恐惧和焦虑的欲求。

保险是现代经济社会发展的产物,由于经济的发达致使人生的不稳定性大大增加,为了未来能有一个稳定的生活,买保险就是一个不错的选择。

社会不稳定,财富的增加。

为了自己的财富不受到损失。

用先进的监视器,为自己的财富加一道保险何乐而不为。

正好满足了人们安全防范这个层次的需要。

三爱与归属需要1牛奶香浓,丝般感受----德芙巧克力2 给你一个五星级的家----房地产分析:我们生活在这个社会大家庭里面,作为成员希望获得友情亲情爱情。

德芙巧克力体现的是情侣之间细腻甜美的爱情。

房地产则给你一个温馨的家。

这样我们就有了爱,有了归属感,我们的情感就有了寄托。

这就是马斯洛所说的爱与归属的需要层次。

四尊重需要1好男人的郎酒----郎酒集团2尊重别人,别人才能更尊重自己----公益广告分析:尊重是一个严肃的话题,因为这是相互的。

自我尊重受到尊重是尊重需要的俩个方面。

好男人的郎酒形象的道出了男人自我尊重的重要意义。

我们要做一个好男人,我们是好男人,我们要自尊,我们要受到别人的尊敬。

马斯洛需要层次理论教案

马斯洛需要层次理论教案
(1)马斯洛的理论只涵盖了健康人的需求,但不适合罹患疾病的精神病患者(患有精神疾病的患者可能把情感需求放在生理需求之上,一旦情感得不到满足,就会自残绝食等)
(2)许多宗教徒和有坚定信念的人的需求颠覆了这个需求理论(圣雄“甘地”,印度大量的苦行僧)
(3)对性的需求到底应该放在生理需求还是安全需求上,尚有争议;把性放在与呼吸、睡眠、饮食的同等位置是否有些高估,另外也忽视了性与爱以及感情和家庭的关系;现实中很多女性会把爱情和对子女的爱放在性需求之上;每个人对性的需求千差万别,有的人甚至完全不需要性(无性恋者)
(4)对尊重的需求因人而异,有的人可以完全不依赖外界而获得这种需求
那么这个理论的有没有继续发展呢?著名的管理学家麦格雷戈就以马斯洛的需要层次理论为基础 ,提出了著名的管理学理论“x理论和y理论”
麦格雷戈认为:“x理论 ”是以生理需求和安全需求为基础的,是专制主义的管理理论,人们工作是受生理和安全需求的驱使,人们本质是厌恶工作的,而管理者也只能采取控制、逼迫甚至惩罚的方式 。
那么这个理论在我们实际生活中有哪些应用呢?其实它的应用性特别广,主要体现在心理学 、市场营销和管理学方面。
案例一:(心理学)
作为一个老师,对待成绩好的学生和成绩差的学生,应该分别采取什么样的教育方法?
方法:成绩差——他需要大家尊重和认可以及归属感 ——老师带头鼓励他,尊重他,使他得到大家的认可以及接纳;成绩好——有自我自我实现的需求——鼓励学生有更高的目标和更大的进步
综上所述,马斯洛有一个不幸又缺爱的童年,所以他提出了有爱的心理学理论——人本主义心理学,而马斯洛需要层次理论就是人本主义心理学的重要组成部分。
心理学理论的派别(研究的立足点不一样 ):
行为主义心理学:华生提出,将人等同于动物,认为人的行动就代表了心理想法(S-R理论,有刺激才会有反应,听到铃声就会想到是下课)

马斯洛需求层次理论案例

马斯洛需求层次理论案例

马斯洛需求层次理论案例Company Document number:WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998马斯洛需求层次理论一生理需要1 对饥饿的人,它能给予的最多----坎贝尔浓缩汤2 北极熊耐寒之迷 ----北极熊牌冬装分析:马斯洛所说的生理需要是各类需要中最基本的需要,是个体为了维持生存和发展对基本生活资料的需要,如空气、水、吃饭、穿衣、住宅、医疗等。

饥饿和寒冷是人生活要必须面对的俩个基本问题,吃不饱穿不暖就无谈发展,这俩个广告直接明了的的点出了人们的需要,浓缩汤都是精华,北极熊耐寒,能给饥饿与寒冷之人很现实的,基本的满足。

给了他们渴望与动力。

“衣食足则知荣辱”说的就是这个道理。

二安全需要1买渤海保险,享泰达人生----渤海保险2 尖端科技,平安领先----睿翼监控分析:安全需求是人们表现为要求稳定安全受到保护有秩序能免除恐惧和焦虑的欲求。

保险是现代经济社会发展的产物,由于经济的发达致使人生的不稳定性大大增加,为了未来能有一个稳定的生活,买保险就是一个不错的选择。

社会不稳定,财富的增加。

为了自己的财富不受到损失。

用先进的监视器,为自己的财富加一道保险何乐而不为。

正好满足了人们安全防范这个层次的需要。

三爱与归属需要1牛奶香浓,丝般感受----德芙巧克力2 给你一个五星级的家----房地产分析:我们生活在这个社会大家庭里面,作为成员希望获得友情亲情爱情。

德芙巧克力体现的是情侣之间细腻甜美的爱情。

房地产则给你一个温馨的家。

这样我们就有了爱,有了归属感,我们的情感就有了寄托。

这就是马斯洛所说的爱与归属的需要层次。

四尊重需要1好男人的郎酒----郎酒集团2尊重别人,别人才能更尊重自己----公益广告分析:尊重是一个严肃的话题,因为这是相互的。

自我尊重受到尊重是尊重需要的俩个方面。

好男人的郎酒形象的道出了男人自我尊重的重要意义。

我们要做一个好男人,我们是好男人,我们要自尊,我们要受到别人的尊敬。

马斯洛需求理论的案例

马斯洛需求理论的案例

马斯洛需求理论的案例马斯洛需求理论是由美国心理学家Abraham Maslow于20世纪50年代提出的一种心理学理论,该理论认为人类的需求可以分为生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求和自我实现需求五个层次。

这五个层次的需求是按照优先级依次排列的,只有满足了较低层次的需求,才能进一步满足较高层次的需求。

下面将通过几个案例来说明马斯洛需求理论在现实生活中的应用。

案例一,食品配送员的需求层次。

假设有一个食品配送员,他每天要负责将食品送到客户手中。

首先,他需要满足的是生理需求,即保证自己有足够的食物和水来维持生存。

接下来,他会关注自己的安全需求,比如确保自己的工作环境安全,避免遭受意外伤害。

在满足了生理和安全需求之后,他会开始关注社交需求,希望能够获得同事和客户的认可和友好交往。

随着工作的稳定和表现的认可,他会渴望得到更多的尊重和认可,这属于尊重需求。

最后,当他在工作中得到了充分的成就感和自我价值实现时,他的自我实现需求也得到了满足。

案例二,大学生的需求层次。

以大学生为例,他们在校园中也会逐渐实现马斯洛的需求层次。

刚进入大学的新生,首先要适应新的生活环境,满足自己的生理需求和安全需求。

然后,他们会开始寻找志同道合的朋友,满足社交需求。

在学业和社交中取得一定成就后,他们会追求更多的尊重和认可,这属于尊重需求。

最终,当他们在学业、社交或其他方面取得了突出的成就时,他们会感到自己的自我实现需求得到了满足。

案例三,企业员工的需求层次。

在企业中,员工也会逐渐实现马斯洛的需求层次。

刚进入公司的员工,首先会关注自己的生理需求和安全需求,希望能够有一个稳定的工作和生活环境。

随着工作时间的推移,他们会开始与同事建立良好的关系,满足社交需求。

在工作中表现出色后,他们会期待得到更多的尊重和认可,这属于尊重需求。

最终,当员工在工作中得到了充分的成就感和自我实现时,他的自我实现需求也得到了满足。

综上所述,马斯洛的需求层次理论在现实生活中得到了广泛的应用。

教育心理学的相关案例(2篇)

教育心理学的相关案例(2篇)

第1篇一、背景介绍小明,男,12岁,就读于某中学六年级。

他学习成绩一般,上课注意力不集中,容易分心,对学习缺乏兴趣。

在与小明的家长交流中,我们了解到,小明在家庭中很少受到父母的关注,父母工作繁忙,很少有时间陪伴他。

在学校,小明的老师对他的表现也不太关注,导致小明觉得自己在学校没有存在感,对学习更加失去了兴趣。

二、问题分析1. 学习动机不足:小明对学习缺乏兴趣,主要是因为他缺乏学习动机。

他觉得自己在学校没有存在感,无法从学习中获得成就感和满足感。

2. 自我效能感低:由于小明在学业上表现一般,导致他对自己缺乏信心,认为自己无法通过学习取得好成绩,从而降低了自我效能感。

3. 环境因素:家庭环境和学校环境对小明的学习兴趣产生了负面影响。

父母工作繁忙,无法给予他足够的关爱和支持;学校老师对他的关注度不足,使他觉得自己在学校没有存在感。

三、教育心理学理论支持1. 班杜拉的自我效能感理论:该理论认为,个体的自我效能感与其成功经验、替代经验、言语说服和情绪状态等因素有关。

针对小明的情况,我们可以通过以下方法提高他的自我效能感:(1)增强成功经验:鼓励小明在学习中尝试,当他取得进步时,给予表扬和鼓励,增强他的成功体验。

(2)替代经验:让小明看到其他同学在学习上的进步,激发他的学习动力。

(3)言语说服:告诉小明,每个人都有自己的优点和不足,鼓励他正视自己的不足,努力改进。

(4)情绪状态:帮助小明调整情绪,让他保持积极的心态面对学习。

2. 赫尔巴特的学习兴趣理论:该理论认为,兴趣是学习的动力。

针对小明的情况,我们可以从以下几个方面激发他的学习兴趣:(1)创设情境:在教学中,结合生活实际,创设生动有趣的情境,激发小明的学习兴趣。

(2)激发求知欲:通过提问、讨论等方式,激发小明的求知欲,让他主动参与到学习过程中。

(3)培养好奇心:鼓励小明提问、探索,满足他的好奇心。

四、教育方案1. 建立良好的师生关系:老师要关注小明,了解他的兴趣爱好,关心他的生活,让他感受到学校的温暖。

马斯洛需要层次理论产品策略案例分析

马斯洛需要层次理论产品策略案例分析

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激励理论及案例范文

激励理论及案例范文

激励理论及案例范文激励理论是组织和管理学科中的重要理论之一,旨在了解人们行为背后的动机和动力,并提供一些方法和策略来激励和推动员工的工作表现。

下面将介绍一些主要的激励理论,并提供一些相关案例说明。

1.马斯洛的需求层次理论:这一理论认为人类的需求可以分为生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求和自我实现需求五个层次。

当一个层次的需求得到满足后,人们会追寻更高层次的需求。

根据这一理论,管理者可以通过提供适当的奖励和机会来满足员工的需求,从而激励员工提高工作表现。

案例:公司的员工在知道平时加班会有额外的补贴后,他们更加积极主动地加班,以求得到更高的奖励。

2.赫茨伯格的双因素理论:赫茨伯格提出人们的工作满意度和不满意度是两个独立的维度,但同时也有交集。

满意度与工作内容相关,如成就、责任感等;不满意度则与工作环境相关,如薪水、工作条件等。

赫茨伯格认为,只有同时提高满意度和降低不满意度,才能真正激励员工。

案例:公司的管理者在改善员工工作环境的同时,也加强了员工的培训和发展计划,员工的工作满意度和不满意度都得到了提高,整体的工作表现也有了明显的提高。

3.期望理论:期望理论认为激励取决于人们对行为结果的期望和价值评估。

员工会选择采取特定的行为,是因为他们期望该行为会对他们个人的价值评估产生积极影响。

案例:公司的管理者发现,员工的工作表现与他们对奖励的期望值密切相关。

于是,他们在设定绩效目标和奖励时,更加关注员工的期望,并努力提供有吸引力的奖励,以激励员工更好地工作。

4.公平理论:公平理论认为人们会通过比较自己和他人的工作付出与回报的比例来判断是否受到公平对待。

当人们认为自己受到不公平对待时,他们可能会减少工作努力或寻求改变。

案例:公司的管理层发现,员工对于薪水的满意度与其认为的公平程度密切相关。

为了激励员工,他们进行了绩效评估和薪酬调整的公平性调查,并根据调查结果进行合理的调整,使员工感到被公平对待。

综上所述,激励理论及相关案例展示了如何理解人们的动机和动力,并通过提供适当的奖励、改善工作环境、培训和发展等方式来激励和推动员工的工作表现。

马斯洛需求层次理论案例(借鉴类别)

马斯洛需求层次理论案例(借鉴类别)

马斯洛需求层次理论一生理需要1 对饥饿的人,它能给予的最多----坎贝尔浓缩汤2 北极熊耐寒之迷----北极熊牌冬装分析:马斯洛所说的生理需要是各类需要中最基本的需要,是个体为了维持生存和发展对基本生活资料的需要,如空气、水、吃饭、穿衣、住宅、医疗等。

饥饿和寒冷是人生活要必须面对的俩个基本问题,吃不饱穿不暖就无谈发展,这俩个广告直接明了的的点出了人们的需要,浓缩汤都是精华,北极熊耐寒,能给饥饿与寒冷之人很现实的,基本的满足。

给了他们渴望与动力。

“衣食足则知荣辱”说的就是这个道理。

二安全需要1买渤海保险,享泰达人生----渤海保险2 尖端科技,平安领先----睿翼监控分析:安全需求是人们表现为要求稳定安全受到保护有秩序能免除恐惧和焦虑的欲求。

保险是现代经济社会发展的产物,由于经济的发达致使人生的不稳定性大大增加,为了未来能有一个稳定的生活,买保险就是一个不错的选择。

社会不稳定,财富的增加。

为了自己的财富不受到损失。

用先进的监视器,为自己的财富加一道保险何乐而不为。

正好满足了人们安全防范这个层次的需要。

三爱与归属需要1牛奶香浓,丝般感受----德芙巧克力2 给你一个五星级的家----房地产分析:我们生活在这个社会大家庭里面,作为成员希望获得友情亲情爱情。

德芙巧克力体现的是情侣之间细腻甜美的爱情。

房地产则给你一个温馨的家。

这样我们就有了爱,有了归属感,我们的情感就有了寄托。

这就是马斯洛所说的爱与归属的需要层次。

四尊重需要1好男人的郎酒----郎酒集团2尊重别人,别人才能更尊重自己----公益广告分析:尊重是一个严肃的话题,因为这是相互的。

自我尊重受到尊重是尊重需要的俩个方面。

好男人的郎酒形象的道出了男人自我尊重的重要意义。

我们要做一个好男人,我们是好男人,我们要自尊,我们要受到别人的尊敬。

这一则公益广告简单的点出了我们为什么,怎样才能受到别人的尊重。

给我们指明了一条受到别人尊重的路。

只有这样我们心中的尊重感才能得到满足。

马斯洛需求层次理论案例

马斯洛需求层次理论案例

马斯洛需求层次理论案例马斯洛需求层次理论是管理学和心理学领域中的经典理论之一,该理论提出了人类需求的层次结构,从生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求到自我实现需求。

这一理论对于企业管理和个人成长都具有重要的指导意义。

下面我们将通过几个案例来深入理解马斯洛需求层次理论在实际生活中的应用。

案例一,员工激励。

某公司的员工在工作中表现平平,经理决定采取一些措施来激励员工提高工作积极性。

首先,经理为员工提供了具有竞争力的薪酬,满足了员工的生理需求和安全需求;其次,公司建立了良好的团队氛围,鼓励员工之间的合作和交流,满足了员工的社交需求和尊重需求;最后,公司提供了培训和晋升机会,让员工有机会实现自我价值,满足了他们的自我实现需求。

通过这些措施,员工的工作积极性得到了有效提升,公司的绩效也得到了改善。

案例二,消费者需求。

一家电商平台针对不同层次的消费者需求,制定了相应的营销策略。

对于追求实惠和物美价廉的消费者,平台提供了大量的促销活动和优惠券,满足了他们的生理需求和安全需求;对于追求社交认可和个人尊重的消费者,平台推出了定制化服务和会员特权,满足了他们的社交需求和尊重需求;对于追求个性化和自我实现的消费者,平台提供了个性化定制、创意设计等服务,满足了他们的自我实现需求。

通过这些差异化的营销策略,电商平台吸引了不同层次的消费者,提升了用户黏性和转化率。

案例三,教育培训。

一所教育机构在制定课程和教学计划时,充分考虑了学生的需求层次。

在满足学生的生理需求和安全需求方面,学校提供了良好的学习环境和饮食住宿保障;在满足学生的社交需求和尊重需求方面,学校组织了各种社团活动和文体比赛,鼓励学生展示自己的才华;在满足学生的自我实现需求方面,学校开设了创新创业课程和科研项目,鼓励学生追求个性化发展和自我价值实现。

这些举措使得学生在学校中得到了全面的成长和发展,提高了教育质量和学生满意度。

通过以上案例可以看出,马斯洛需求层次理论在各个领域都有着重要的应用。

运用马斯洛需求分析宝马产品案例

运用马斯洛需求分析宝马产品案例

生理需要
生理需求既人们对于‘衣,食,住,行等’ 的需求。它是人的需要中最基本,最强烈, 最明显的需要。
宝马汽车满足了人们对于出行的需要,符合 人们对于行的生理需要,宝马汽车给消费者 带来了很好的“乘驾乐趣”提高人们对于行 的生理需要的质量。
安全需要
人们对与宝马车的‘安全需要’主要是出行
驾乘乐趣创新极限驾乘乐趣创新极限马斯洛需求层次理论maslow?shierarchyneeds亦称基本需求层次理论是行为科学的理论之一由美国心理学家亚伯拉罕?马斯洛于1943年在人类激励理论论文中所提出
驾乘趣,创新极限
运用马斯洛需求理论 对宝马汽车的产品案例分析
概念
马斯洛需求层次理 论(Maslow's hierarchy of needs),亦称 “基本需求层次理 论”,是行为科学 的理论之一,由美 国心理学家亚伯拉 罕•马斯洛于1943 年在《人类激励理 论》论文中所提出。

全的需要。宝马拥有
悠久的历史,高超的
制造工艺,安全系数
高。驾驶者可以安全
放心的驾驶。
图为宝马车安全教育活动
社交需要
宝马车做为高档轿车,以其漂亮的流线型外 观设计,提升了驾驶者高贵,自信的社交形
象。为其拥 有者在社交 领域取得更 大成就立下 汗马功劳。
尊重需要
宝马高贵的品牌形象,开宝马车是一种地位 的象征。意味着获得了“别人的认可”,是 一种高贵身份 的标志。极 大地满足了 消费者对于 “尊重需要” 的要求。
自我实现的需要
自我实现的需要是最高等级的需要。满足这 种需要就要求完成与自己能力相称的工作, 最充分地发挥自己的潜在能力,成为所期望 的人物 。
拥有一辆高贵的宝马车折射出你是一位在事 业上取得较高成就的成功人士。在社会上, 你已完成了自我实现的价值。

马斯洛理论案例

马斯洛理论案例

马斯洛理论案例马斯洛的需求层次理论是心理学中一种基本的理论模型,它描述了人类需求的层次结构和满足需求的顺序。

这一理论被广泛应用于管理学、市场营销、人力资源管理等领域,以解释个体的行为和动机。

下面我们将通过一些具体的案例来解释马斯洛的需求层次理论在实际生活中的应用。

案例一,健康与安全需求。

在一家制造业公司,员工们长期加班工作,工作环境相对较差,存在一定的安全隐患。

在这种情况下,员工的生理需求和安全需求往往会受到威胁。

为了满足员工的健康与安全需求,公司需要采取一系列措施,如改善工作环境、加强安全生产教育培训、合理安排工作时间等,从而提高员工的工作满意度和工作效率。

案例二,社交需求。

在一个大型企业中,员工们在工作中往往需要与同事、上级、下属进行合作和交流。

如果企业中存在着严重的内耗和办公室政治现象,员工的社交需求将得不到满足,工作氛围也会变得紧张和不友好。

因此,企业需要通过建立良好的企业文化、加强团队建设、鼓励员工间的合作交流等方式,来满足员工的社交需求,从而提高员工的归属感和工作积极性。

案例三,尊重与认可需求。

在一家跨国公司中,员工们往往希望得到上级和同事的认可和尊重。

如果公司中存在着严重的权力斗争和不公平待遇现象,员工的尊重与认可需求将无法得到满足,员工的工作积极性和忠诚度也会大大降低。

因此,公司需要通过建立公平的晋升机制、激励制度和员工评价体系,来满足员工的尊重与认可需求,从而提高员工的工作动力和创造力。

案例四,自我实现需求。

在一家创业公司中,员工们往往希望能够在工作中发挥自己的才能和创造力,实现个人的职业发展和自我实现。

如果公司中存在着严重的官僚主义和创新机会不足现象,员工的自我实现需求将得不到满足,员工的工作热情和创造力也会受到抑制。

因此,公司需要通过激励创新、提供职业发展机会、鼓励员工提出建设性意见等方式,来满足员工的自我实现需求,从而提高员工的工作满意度和创造力。

综上所述,马斯洛的需求层次理论在实际生活中具有重要的指导意义。

马斯洛需求层次理论案例

马斯洛需求层次理论案例

马斯洛需求层次理论一生理需要1 对饥饿的人,它能给予的最多----坎贝尔浓缩汤2 北极熊耐寒之迷----北极熊牌冬装分析:马斯洛所说的生理需要是各类需要中最基本的需要,是个体为了维持生存和发展对基本生活资料的需要,如空气、水、吃饭、穿衣、住宅、医疗等;饥饿和寒冷是人生活要必须面对的俩个基本问题,吃不饱穿不暖就无谈发展,这俩个广告直接明了的的点出了人们的需要,浓缩汤都是精华,北极熊耐寒,能给饥饿与寒冷之人很现实的,基本的满足;给了他们渴望与动力;“衣食足则知荣辱”说的就是这个道理;二安全需要1买渤海保险,享泰达人生----渤海保险2 尖端科技,平安领先----睿翼监控分析:安全需求是人们表现为要求稳定安全受到保护有秩序能免除恐惧和焦虑的欲求;保险是现代经济社会发展的产物,由于经济的发达致使人生的不稳定性大大增加,为了未来能有一个稳定的生活,买保险就是一个不错的选择;社会不稳定,财富的增加;为了自己的财富不受到损失;用先进的监视器,为自己的财富加一道保险何乐而不为;正好满足了人们安全防范这个层次的需要;三爱与归属需要1牛奶香浓,丝般感受----德芙巧克力2 给你一个五星级的家----房地产分析:我们生活在这个社会大家庭里面,作为成员希望获得友情亲情爱情;德芙巧克力体现的是情侣之间细腻甜美的爱情;房地产则给你一个温馨的家;这样我们就有了爱,有了归属感,我们的情感就有了寄托;这就是马斯洛所说的爱与归属的需要层次;四尊重需要1好男人的郎酒----郎酒集团2尊重别人,别人才能更尊重自己----公益广告分析:尊重是一个严肃的话题,因为这是相互的;自我尊重受到尊重是尊重需要的俩个方面;好男人的郎酒形象的道出了男人自我尊重的重要意义;我们要做一个好男人,我们是好男人,我们要自尊,我们要受到别人的尊敬;这一则公益广告简单的点出了我们为什么,怎样才能受到别人的尊重;给我们指明了一条受到别人尊重的路;只有这样我们心中的尊重感才能得到满足;五自我实现需要1 永远要做的比要求的更好----伯爵名表2 超越期望、超越自我----中华汽车分析:这是最高层次的需要,它是指实现个人理想、抱负,发挥个人的能力到最大程度,达到自我实现境界的人,接受自己也接受他人,解决问题能力增强,自觉性提高,善于独立处事,要求不受打扰地独处,完成与自己的能力相称的一切事情的需要;伯爵名表,中华汽车的广告,满足了想要成功的人的自我实现的需要,道出了他们的心声,使用这样的产品更能表达他们超越自我,不断开拓创新,取得成功的信心;这是非常完美的;。

用马斯洛需求层次理论分析《嘉莉妹妹》中的人物

用马斯洛需求层次理论分析《嘉莉妹妹》中的人物

摘要《嘉莉妹妹》讲述了一位农村女孩不甘贫穷,独自来到芝加哥实现自己的“美国梦”,最终成为了纽约百老汇的一位著名演员,物质享受得到满足,精神却陷入迷失的故事。

阅读这部小说我们很容易注意到嘉莉不断升级的需要及日益增长的欲望,及在追求欲望的过程中对传统道德的违背。

本文主要依据马斯洛层次需求理论,分析嘉莉及与嘉莉妹妹关系密切的两位男主人公,在不同时期的不同需要,并分析这些欲望产生的原因,即一方面是人物内在的欲望,另一方面是环境、城市的诱惑等外在因素。

这两方面的相互作用最终导致嘉莉陷入精神的迷失。

《嘉莉妹妹》的故事似乎在警示我们,在物质越来越发达的今天,人们不应该盲目追求物质的享受,而应该充分认识到精神带给人们的幸福感和满足感,思索自己人生的意义和价值所在。

关键词:嘉莉妹妹;欲望;层次需求理论AbstractSister Carrie tells the story of a small country girl Carrie who moves to Chicago to realize her “American Dream” and eventually becomes a Broadway star in New York. Despite living a luxurious life, she is lost in spirit. Reading the novel, we may easily notice Carrie’s different needs and desires arising gradually and also the betrayal of traditional moral code in the process of pursuing material gain. The paper analyzes the reasons why Carrie and two male heroes closed to her have various needs at different stages of life, mainly based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. One is figures’inner desires; the other is the outside force, including temptations of environment, cites, etc. The interaction between them makes Carrie lose herself eventually. It seems to tell people that in modern society material supplies more and more abundantly, but we should never pursue it blindly and much importance should be attached to happiness and stability created by spirit. It is essential to ponder the significance and the value of life.Key words: Sister Carrie; desire; hierarchy of needsContentsChapter 1 General Introduction (1)1.1 About the author and the novel (1)1.1.1 The author: Theodore Dreiser (1)1.1.2 The novel: Sister Carrie (1)1.2 About Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs (2)Chapter 2 Carrier’s needs (4)2.1 Carrie’s primary needs (4)2.1.1 The physiological needs: leaving for Chicago (4)2.1.2 The safety needs: becoming Drouet’s mistress (5)2.2 Carrie’s higher level needs (6)2.2.1 The love and belonging needs — awaking step (6)2.2.2 The esteem needs — advanced development (7)2.2.3 The self-actualization needs — ultimate goal (8)Chapter 3 Drouet’s needs (10)3.1 Drouet’s primary needs (10)3.1.1 The physiological needs: the pursuit of Carrie (10)3.1.2 The safety needs: the satisfaction of material (11)3.2 Droue t’s higher level needs (12)Chapter 4 Hurstwood’s needs (13)4.1 Hurstwood’s needs in Chicago (13)4.1.1 Hurstwood’s physiological needs (13)4.1.2 Hurstwood’s safety needs (14)4.1.3 Hurstwood’s love and belonging needs (14)4.2 Hurstwood’s needs in New York (15)Conclusion (17)References (19)Acknowledgments (20)Chapter 1 General Introduction1.1 About the author and the novel1.1.1 The author: Theodore DreiserTheodore Dreiser is the most outstanding realistic novelist in the history of American literature. He is also an American naturalistic writer famous for the exploration of realistic life. Dreiser was born in Indiana in a poor German immigrant family. When Dreiser was eight, his mother was forced by the pressure of living, left home with him and three other young children, wandered from one town to another in the Midwest. The family lived a tough and criticized life. Dreiser’s childhood also endured poverty and ignorance.In 1887, he came to Chicago alone, worked in restaurants and hardware companies. In spite of this, he was attracted by the city life full of excitement and stimulation. In 1889, “he was sponsored by a sympathetic middle school teacher to study at the University of Indiana. But he dropped out of school the next year, returned to Chicago to become a debt collector in a real estate and furniture company” (Wang Sixiang, 2009: 158). This job led him to come into contact with the underworld characters and the dark side of society, accumulated a wealth of material for the future creation. It also determined the naturalistic color and the tragic thought of his creation. Dreiser entered the press in 1892, started to be a journalist. In Chicago, he witnessed the strong contrast of extreme poverty and extravagant life. These experiences are the beginning of his thought, which led him to create his own novel.1.1.2 The novel: Sister CarrieSister Carrie, Theodore Dreiser’s first novel, is a good work of epoch-making significance in the history of American fiction. This novel tells the story of Caroline Meeber, a pretty rural girl, leaves her rural home to make a living in Chicago. On the train, she meets Charles Drouet, a traveling salesman. The harsh reality shatters her dream. At the same time, in front of her is unemployment and disease. In desperation she becomes Drouet’s mistress. Later, due to the greater desire, she becomes the hotelmanager Hurstwood’s mistress. Hurstwood and Carrie elope to New York, and Carrie becomes a popular actor by chance and squeezes into the upper class. However, Hurstwood becomes poorer and finally committed suicide. The life of upper class does not make her feel satisfied. She feels empty and can not find the real meaning of life. In the loneliness and desolation, she sits in a rocking chair dreaming of the happiness that she would not get.The novel reveals the cruel squeezing of the American capitalist system for poor people and the corrosive action of bourgeois lifestyle for petty bourgeois. And the moral concept the novel reflects is also a counter-tradition. Because Carrie rather than be punished for her depravity, but becomes a popular star of musical comedies finally. Therefore, this book has aroused widespread concern in society since it was published, was banned for a time which led up to intense controversy of the literary world for more than 30 years until it is regarded as a classic to gain public recognition. Until today the novel was born one hundred years later, people are still controversial about Carrie’s character and behavior, especially her endless desire.1.2 About Maslow’s hierarchy of human needsIn Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, there are five kinds of needs ranging from lower level to higher level. These are physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs. (1)The physiological needs — it is the most basic requirement of human beings, including food, sleep, water, secretion, and sex. If any one of these needs, except sex, can not be satisfied, the physiological function of human can not operate normally. In other words, the life of human would be threatened. In this sense, the physiological need is the primary motivation of people’s action. Maslow believes that only those basic needs be met, the other needs can become new motivating factors. And to this point, the needs has been relatively satisfied will no longer be motivating factors. (2)The safety needs — it is the demand for the following things: personal and property safety, health care, job security and family safety. Maslow believes that the pursuit of the whole organism is a security mechanism, the human receptors, effectors’ organs, intelligence and other forms of energy are mainly seeking safety tools. We can even put both science and philosophy as part of meeting the security needs. (3)The love and belonging needs — if both physiological and safety needs are relatively well satisfied, and then there will emerge the love and belonging needs. Everyone wants to get mutual concern and care.The love and belonging needs is more meticulous than the physiological needs. It relates to a person’s physiological characteristics, experience, education and religion. Generally people will hunger for affectionate relations with others, for a place in the group and have a family. (4)The esteem needs — everyone wants to have a stable social status. And it requests that personal ability and achievements are recognized by the society. These needs can be divided into two parts. First is the desire for strength, achievement, adequacy, confidence and freedom. Secondly, we have what we may call the desire for reputation, attention, importance or appreciation. Satisfaction of the esteem need can make people have confidence, worth, strength, capability and adequacy of being useful and necessary in the world. (5)The self-actualization needs — it is the highest level of needs. It refers to the realization of personal ideals, aspirations and the individual’s ability to the greatest degree. Maslow notes that in order to satisfy self-actualization needs, different people take different measures. The self-actualization need is an effort to realize their potential. It is to make them become the characters they desire to be.These basic needs are related to each one and another, but any physiological and safety needs that remain unsatisfied will keep playing an important role, and needs at one level do not have to be completely satisfied before needs at the next higher level come into play. This means that the highest goal will monopolize consciousness and will tend to organize the recruitment of the various capacities of the organism. The lower needs are minimized, even forgotten or denied. But when a need is fairly well satisfied, the next higher need emerges,in turn to dominate the conscious life and to serve as the center of organization of behavior, since gratified needs are not active motivators.Chapter 2 Carrier’s needs2.1 Carrie’s primary needs2.1.1 The physiological needs: leaving for ChicagoBy the end of the Civil War (1861-1865), most of the forces that would typify twentieth century American had begun to emerge. Northern industrialism had triumphed over southern agrarianism. The great age of big city bossism began. Americans ceased to be isolated from the world and from each other. Soon the United States had the most extensive railroad system in the world. The tempo of life accelerated as Americans became increasingly mobile. From 1870 to 1890 the total population of the United States doubled. Villages became towns, towns became cities, and cities grew to a size with a speed that would have astonished the Founding Fathers. The population of Chicago increased twenty times to two million, making it the nation’s second largest city after New York. The national income quadrupled. It was the beginning of what Mark Twain called “The Gilded Age”. Thousands and thousands of men, women and children native-born and foreign, flooded to American cities, drawn by hopes for making their fortune. They believed that anyone could grasp an opportunity to attain success through honest and hard work. Just as American naturalists argued: the world was amoral, that men and women had no free will, that their lives were controlled by heredity and the environment.Dreiser clothed the social phenomenon of so-called “American Dream” through his character, Carrie. At the beginning of the novel, the heroin, Carrie, keeps pace with the general trend of the time, and moves to Chicago, which is not far away from her hometown. She is eighteen years old, bright, timid, and full of the illusions of ignorance and youth:And yet she was interested in her charms, quickly to understand the keenerpleasures of life, ambitious to gain in material things. A half-equipped littleknight she was, venturing to reconnoiter the mysterious city and dreamingwild dreams of some vague, far-off supremacy, which should make it preyand subject-the proper penitent, groveling at a woman’s slipper. (TheodoreDreiser, 1979: 3)In Maslow’s view, humans are wanting beings, mainly because humans are not satisfied with the status and are eager to achieve a higher realm. Desire is one of the strong emotions which tells people that he is still curious to exist, that he still have an edge on his longings and want to bite into the world. Carrie is driven by the environment and the internal desire to move to Chicago. Strictly speaking, it is the physiological needs. Carrie wants to change the poor life. She begins to hunt a job to earn money to fulfill her needs. Carrie accepts a job in a shoe factory for four and a half dollars a week. Every week she pays four dollars for her board and lodging. Does the story develop smoothly like this? The author gave a hint by writing “When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things. Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and becomes worse” (Zhang Xiaowei, 2011: 203). Carrie tries to live on her own to start her first step of material pursuit.2.1.2 The safety needs: becoming Drouet’s mistressChicago is a charming city indeed. Carrie is surrounded by various temptations: Carrie passed along the busy aisles, much affected by the remarkabledisplays of trinkets, dress goods, stationary and jewelry. Each separatecounter was a show place of dazzling interest and attraction. She could nothelp feeling the claim of each trinket and valuable upon her personally.There was nothing there which she could not have to used-nothing whichshe did not along to own. The dainty slippers and stockings, the delicatelyfrilled skirts and petticoats, the laces, ribbons, hair-combs, purses, all touchher with individual desires. (Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 27)She longs for dress and beauty with a whole heart.But the fact is that the cold reality takes her by the hand. First, her sister and brother-in-law live a lean life and consumed by housework. The money left by Carrie every week is not enough for her car fares, let alone clothes, laces, ribbons, etc. And none of those things is in the range of her purchase. Second, in the shoe factory, the machines work intensively. Carrie is not strong. Her shoulders and necks ache in bending over and she is totally exhausted every day. “As Carrie listened to this and much more of similar familiar badinage among the men and the girls, she instinctively withdraws into herself. She feared that the young boys about would address such remarks to he r” (LI Wei, 2011: 278). The wholeatmosphere of the shoe factory is sordid.Carrie does not like to bear the hard work, the foul working condition and the human environment. She hopes to break away from the factory to enjoy physical comfort and from such uncouth men to keep her calm. Third, as the rigorous winter is around the corner, Carrie worries about the problem of winter clothes, for she has nothing to wear. At last, as a result of illness she loses the job and to return hometown seems to be the only choice.According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, if the physiological needs are relatively well gratified, there then emerge the safety needs. The problem is that whether she can satisfy it or not, it depends on the reality which supplies enough conditions or not, besides her own effort. Carrie understands that it is impossible to buy dress and entertain herself by her personal diligence. Drouet is, for Carrie, an escape. She does not love him, but he means a source of amazement, and she recognizes that the relative opulence of his chambers and department he procures for Carrie are the signs of that for which she is striving. Eventually she betrays herself to become Drouet’s mistress to realize her safety need. Carrie and Drouet pay a visit all round the city and go shopping, take part in various activities, enjoy delicious foods. It seems that Carrie has never hesitated,“Money! Money! What a thing it was to have! How plenty of it would clear away all the troubles” (Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 82). She surrendered to the magic of money. At the second stage of material pursuit, Carrie has a much stronger desire. She falls in love with it without reason.2.2 Carrie’s higher level needs2.2.1 The love and belonging needs — awaking stepAs the plot goes, the author depicts a panorama of rising needs and desire. On one hand, Carrie is not just satisfied with living together with Drouet:That young lady, under the stress of her situation and the tutelage of hernew friend, changed effectively. She the glow of a more showy life was notupon her. She did not grow in knowledge so much as she awakened in thematter of desire. Mrs. Hale’s extended harangues upon the subjects ofwealth and position taught her to distinguish between degrees of wealth.(Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 140)When she comes to her own room, Carrie sees her comparative poverty. She is not comparing it with what she has had, but what she has seen recently. She begins toponder what, after all, Drouet is and what she is. On the other hand, Carrie fears of losing Drouet’s affection, of being abandoned, and also she longs for someone to sympathize with her, but not let her ponder and wonder. It makes clear to Carrie that Drouet could not understand her. He just cares about her beauty. When Carrie is sorrow, he only asks her to dance. Carrie feels lonely and forsaken. What’s more, Carrie believes Drouet does not plan to marry her. He prefers the single state to any legal bondage. These two sides wake up Carrie’s deep desire. She “hopes to live an extravagant life but not from hand to mouth” (Peng Dankui, 1995: 74). She is eager to be understood and loved. Drouet is only an intermediary in her movement from poverty to affluence. Carrie is ready and longs to change.More wealth and higher status are Carrie’s new goal. At this time, Hurstwood becomes another male stepladder to gratify her needs both in material and spirit. Hurstwood can give her a life of honor. Carrie recognizes the quality of Hurstwood’s clothes, his style and his bearing as distinct improvements on Drouet. Hurstwood shows his thoughts and feelings concerning Carrie. “In contrast, Hurstwood appeared strong and sincere. He had no easy manner of putting her off. He sympathized with her and showed her what her true value was. He needed her, while Drouet did not care” (Gao Chenke, 2011: 115).Though Carrie has achieved her material goal, all in all, she has another need—love. Carrie begins to care about her inner thoughts, which takes the first step of exploring her spirit. Carrie’s spirit pursuit is based on material pursuit.2.2.2 The esteem needs — advanced developmentAfter becoming Hurstwood’s mistress, in a material way, Carrie is considerably improved. Hurstwood writes her regularly-a letter every morning. They both enjoy the happy days. Carrie has an opportunity to take part in a play. It is not an important thing, but because of the prestige of Hurstwood, it is significant. “By the time of the 16th had arrived Hurstwood’s friends had rallied like Romans to a senator’s call. A well-dressed, good-natured, flatteringly-inclined audience was assured from the moment he thought of assisting Carrie”(Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 209). Carrie moves into a new environment. She feels the respect and power of celebrities. Carrie’s needs develop further: the esteem needs. That is the desire for confidence and appreciation:There was nothing bold in her manner. Life had not taught herdomination-superciliousness of grace, which is the lordly power of somewomen. Her longing for consideration was not sufficiently powerful tomove her to demand it. Even now she lacked self-assurance, but there wasthat in what she had already experienced which left her a little less thantimid. She wanted pleasure, she wanted position. (Theodore Dreiser, 1979:176)For Carrie she is nervous. She hopes the play could succeed to gain confidence and appreciation, “The glamour, the tense situation, the fine clothes, the applause, these had lured her until she felt that she, too, could act-that she, too, could compel acknowledgment of power” (Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 192). Carrie tries best to explore her potentials.2.2.3 The self-actualization needs — ultimate goalHurstwood coaxes Carrie to elope to New York. But he is merely another man who either cannot hold or find a job. He forces to begin the battle for place and comfort all over again. But his situation becomes worse and worse. At the beginning, he strolls about, and then he just picks his papers up, and stays for day after day. At last, he becomes a beggar completely, lived by other’s charity. Finally he committed suicide by turning on the gas in a Bowery flophouse. When the attraction of material disappears, it is inevitable for Carrie to abandon Hurstwood. The physiological and safety needs play an important role now. Carrie begins to make a livelihood on her own. Different from the former experience, this time, she is successful by her own power without depending on some other men. Carrie becomes an actor because of her pretty-look and her diligence. Her salary rises from 30 dollars to 150 dollars per week. She becomes a famous star. She could possess of her gowns and carriage, her furniture and bank account. But she is alone, “It does not take money long to make plain its important, providing the desires are in the realm of affection. With one hundred and fifty in hand, Carrie could think of nothing particularly to do. In itself, as a tangible, apparent thing which she could touch and look upon, but this soon passed” (Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 548).After Carrie gains her economic status, there is only self-actualization need left. And Ames helps Carrie sublimate her spiritual pursuit into the world of literature and philosophy. Ames isn’t attracted by Carrie’s beauty, but there is something in him that has attracted her. Ames says to Carrie that riches are not everything, and there is always a great deal more in the world than she has known. Carrie understands that the thingsAmes pointed out is not money, or clothes, or applauses but a kind heart to serve others. It is an aesthetic world of which Carrie has not dreamed of and which she recognizes as a new peak to conquer and a new level to achieve. Carrie moves to the highest needs, which states that the true value of life is not in what we get but in what we give. This is the ultimate goal in her spiritual world.Chapter 3 Drouet’s needs3.1 Drouet’s primary needs3.1.1 The physiological needs: the pursuit of CarrieDrouet is a man who has a keen desire for the feminine. In the driving of the sexual instinct, he will involuntarily chase every beautiful woman he meets. After seeing beautiful pure Carrie on the train, he is attracted by her. With beautiful clothes, grandiose talk and his experiences of chatting up girls, Drouet wins Carrie’s favor. Just as the author says:Let him meet with a young woman once and he would approach her withan air of kindly familiarity, not unmixed with pleading, which would resultin most cases in a tolerant acceptance. If she showed any tendency tocoquetry he would be apt to straighten her tie, or if she “took up” with himat all, to call her by her first name. If he visited a department store it was tolounge familiarly over the counter and ask some leading questions. In moreexclusive circles, on the train or in waiting stations, he went slower. If someseemingly vulnerable object appeared he was all attention to pass thecompliments of the day to lead the way to the parlor car, carrying her grip,or, failing that, to take a seat next her with the hope of being able to courther to her destination. Pillows, books, a footstool, the shade lowered; allthese figured in the things which he could do. If, when she reached herdestination he did not alight and attend her baggage for her, it was because,in his own estimation, he had signally failed. (Theodore Dreiser, 1979:5) Drouet’s chasing for young beautiful girls is not because he is a cold-blooded, black heart, scheming villain, but because he is full of lust. When Drouet meet Carrie in the street secondly, Carrie was looking for a job and has no winter clothes to wear. Then he use Carrie’s plight to persuade her to leave her sister’s home and l ive together with him. After Carrie beca me Drouet’s mistress, Drouet didn’t have the plan to marry her. In the second part of the novel, Drouet and Carrie met again in New York, after he tried to mend fences and Carrie refused, he was not feeling so sad. Because, for him, he canfind a woman for pleasure wherever. Losing Carrie is not so important for him. At the end of the novel, on the night of a big snowstorm, he is talking with a partner to discuss where to look for a woman to have fun.3.1.2 The safety needs: the satisfaction of materialThe great industrial development in American brings about the booming of the cities like Chicago and New York. At the same time, the social gap between the rich and the poor is widening. People are obviously graded. Whether having high material consumption ability has almost become the sole criterion of level division. Drouet is divided into middle class in this social background. He doesn’t have to live in poverty like Hanson, but not as well as Hurstwood has a wealthy family and prominent position. He is good at enjoying life and the pursuit of a higher level of material comforts, immersed in his salesman career and tried to improve his social status. In his view, his life is fulfilling and almost perfect. He dressed in fashion style, wearing a striped plaid wool suit, white and pink striped shirt, gold-plated button, covered with yellow agate known as the “cat ey e”. His vest dangled a neat gold watch chain, matched with a pair of glowing shoes and a fedora. This fashionable dress greatly satisfied the vanity of him. Drouet’s s afety needs come to be realized in the abundant material world.Drouet likes to have dinner at Rector’s,a restaurant he believes that successful person would go. After dinner, he likes to go to th e resort of Fitzgerald and Moy’s to drink a glass of whiskey and enjoy a couple of cigars. In such a place, he can get to know a variety of celebrities, in order to increase the capital to show off and meet his vanity. The author has described it in detail:Rector’s, with its polished marble walls and floor, its profusion of lights, itsshow of china and silverware, and, above all, its reputation as a resort foractors and professional men, seemed to him the proper place for asuccessful man to go. He loved fine clothes, good eating, and particularlythe company and acquaintanceship of successful men. When dining, it wassource of keen satisfaction to him to know that Joseph Jefferson was wontto come to this same place, that Henry E. Dixie, a well known performer ofthe day, was then only a few tables off. (Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 39) As a successful salesman, Drouet believes that it is an honor to be able to make celebrities. At the same time, the big company he is working for also let him feel glory. With the reputation of Bartlett, Caryoe & Company, his work goes well. Although he isnot rich, also does not have a high social status, but he is good at communication, appropriate interaction with others, which also provides a possibility of success in his career. Living with Carrie, Drouet’s career developed gradually and his social status improved accordingly. When he and Carrie meet again, he has been responsible for a branch and is about to establish his own company. He can meet Carrie’s desire for material. He bought her beautiful dresses and coats, purchased cosmetics and went to the theatre with her. But objectively speaking, he was too concerned with material life, treat feelings do not serious. This is also the most dissatisfied for Carrie.3.2 Drouet’s higher level needsAlthough the physiological and material satisfaction is very important for Drouet, he has some higher level of needs. As a traveling salesman, Drouet’s social status is not high. He frequently went to the restaurants and pubs which celebrities always went to. In addition to the pursuit of material comforts, but also he is in the search for a social identity and the sense of belonging. Eating and talking together with the upper-class people, let him have a feeling of integrated into the society.His pursuit of Carrie is not only to satisfy his needs for sex, but also to get rid of the emptiness.Due to his work requirement, Drouet often go to travel around, and he is lacking of group sense of belonging. While Carrie as his mistress, can bring him some emotional comfort.In addition, Carrie’s young and beautiful can meet Drouet’s vanity. And he can show off in social occasions. However, Carrie is not the only choice for Drouet. Instead of creating a stable family, the best way to meet his spiritual emptiness is to seek new love affairs constantly. That is also the reason why he does not marry Carrie.。

马斯洛需求层次理论案例分析

马斯洛需求层次理论案例分析

案例:高校辅导员队伍职业化、专业化和专家化是高校改革与发展和学生成才的需要,也是高校学生工作队伍自身发展的需要。

用马斯洛需求层次理论分析当前辅导员队伍存在的问题,不难看出作为三化建设主体的辅导员队伍在三化建设进程中的需求。

通过一个科学的职业定位、一个明确的发展方向、一个客观的公众认同、一个合理的科研平台、一套完善的德育职称评定体系、一套科学的培训体系,可以有效解决辅导员队伍三化建设中存在的问题,满足辅导员队伍的需求,促进辅导员队伍的三化建设。

与这一选择相反的是,现实中却很少有人会把辅导员工作视为一种终身事业,也很少有人渴望成为一名专家级辅导员,甚至马虎应付,偷工减料等职业道德问题以及牢骚满腹等工作现象发生在个别辅导员身上。

这些问题严重阻碍了辅导员队伍三化建设的进程。

分析这些问题出现的原因,不排除有个别辅导员素质底下的可能,但更主要的还应是辅导员的一些正当需求没有得到满足。

一、用马斯洛层次需求理论分析当前辅导员队伍存在的问题1.生理需求。

这是人类维持自身生存的最基本要求,包括衣食住行等方面的要求。

如果这些最基本的需要得不到满足,人类生存就成了问题。

高校辅导员工作没有严格的作息时间界限,随时有事随时处理,24小时从无间断,面对思想活跃、身心素质以及辨别是非能力较差的学生,辅导员的身心很难得到放松。

而相对于如此高的工作强度,辅导员享受的待遇目前来说却是比较低的:一是经济地位较低,由于工作性质,辅导员一少课堂、二少科研,更不能从事第二职业,主要靠工资吃饭,收入处于相对较低的水平;二是评审职称困难,许多学校没有把他们列入专业教师队伍,只晋升行政级别,不给评定教师职称,行政级别就像金字塔,领导岗位少,能走到上层领导岗位的毕竟只占少数,而教师职称、行政级别与工资待遇又是息息相关的。

2.安全需求。

安全需求包括对人身安全、生活稳定以及免遭痛苦、威胁或疾病等的需求。

和生理需求一样,人类在没有得到满足之前,唯一关心的就是这种需求。

马斯洛需求案例

马斯洛需求案例

马斯洛需求案例马斯洛的需求层次理论是心理学家亚伯拉罕·马斯洛在20世纪50年代提出的一种心理需求层次结构理论,被认为是人类心理需求的一种分类方式。

该理论将人类需求分为生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求和自我实现需求五个层次,这些需求按照一定的顺序逐渐呈现,只有满足了较低层次的需求,才会渴望满足更高层次的需求。

下面我们通过几个案例来具体分析马斯洛需求层次理论在现实生活中的应用。

案例一,小明的成长之路。

小明是一个普通的大学生,他在大一的时候,由于家庭经济条件有限,经常感到生活上的压力,他的生理需求并没有得到充分满足。

但是随着大学学业的进步,小明逐渐获得了一份兼职工作,解决了自己的物质需求,同时也在社交方面建立了友谊和爱情关系,满足了社交需求。

在大学期间,小明的学业成绩也逐渐提高,获得了老师和同学们的认可,满足了尊重需求。

最终,小明在大学毕业时获得了一份理想的工作,实现了自我实现的需求。

案例二,张女士的职场困惑。

张女士是一名职场新人,她在公司工作了几年,由于工作压力大,经常加班,导致她的生理需求得不到充分满足。

同时,由于工作环境的不稳定和竞争压力,她的安全需求也无法得到满足。

在这样的情况下,张女士感到焦虑和困惑,她觉得自己缺乏社交关系,无法得到他人的认可和尊重,社交需求也未得到满足。

最终,张女士决定在职场上寻找新的发展机会,通过努力工作和学习,提升自己的能力和价值,最终实现了自我实现的需求。

案例三,王先生的退休生活。

王先生是一名退休教师,他在工作期间一直为了家庭和学生付出,但是由于工资水平不高,他的生理需求和安全需求一直没有得到充分满足。

然而,随着年龄的增长和退休后的生活,王先生开始享受生活,与家人和朋友们建立了更加紧密的社交关系,满足了社交需求。

同时,他也开始参加各种兴趣爱好的活动,充实自己的生活,满足了尊重需求。

最终,王先生通过自己的努力和追求,实现了自我实现的需求,过上了幸福美满的退休生活。

马斯洛需求层次理论案例

马斯洛需求层次理论案例

马斯洛需求层次理论一生理需要1对饥饿的人,它能给予的最多----坎贝尔浓缩汤2北极熊耐寒之迷----北极熊牌冬装分析:马斯洛所说的生理需要是各类需要中最基本的需要,是个体为了维持生存和发展对基本生活资料的需要,如空气、水、吃饭、穿衣、住宅、医疗等。

饥饿和寒冷是人生活要必须面对的俩个基本问题,吃不饱穿不暖就无谈发展,这俩个广告直接明了的的点出了人们的需要,浓缩汤都是精华,北极熊耐寒,能给饥饿与寒冷之人很现实的,基本的满足。

给了他们渴望与动力。

“衣食足则知荣辱”说的就是这个道理。

二安全需要1买渤海保险,享泰达人生----渤海保险2尖端科技,平安领先----睿翼监控分析:安全需求是人们表现为要求稳定安全受到保护有秩序能免除恐惧和焦虑的欲求。

保险是现代经济社会发展的产物,由于经济的发达致使人生的不稳定性大大增加,为了未来能有一个稳定的生活,买保险就是一个不错的选择。

社会不稳定,财富的增加。

为了自己的财富不受到损失。

用先进的监视器,为自己的财富加一道保险何乐而不为。

正好满足了人们安全防范这个层次的需要。

三爱与归属需要1牛奶香浓,丝般感受----德芙巧克力2给你一个五星级的家----房地产分析:我们生活在这个社会大家庭里面,作为成员希望获得友情亲情爱情。

德芙巧克力体现的是情侣之间细腻甜美的爱情。

房地产则给你一个温馨的家。

这样我们就有了爱,有了归属感,我们的情感就有了寄托。

这就是马斯洛所说的爱与归属的需要层次。

四尊重需要1好男人的郎酒----郎酒集团2尊重别人,别人才能更尊重自己----公益广告分析:尊重是一个严肃的话题,因为这是相互的。

自我尊重受到尊重是尊重需要的俩个方面。

好男人的郎酒形象的道出了男人自我尊重的重要意义。

我们要做一个好男人,我们是好男人,我们要自尊,我们要受到别人的尊敬。

这一则公益广告简单的点出了我们为什么,怎样才能受到别人的尊重。

给我们指明了一条受到别人尊重的路。

只有这样我们心中的尊重感才能得到满足。

马斯洛需求层次理论案例

马斯洛需求层次理论案例

马斯洛需求层次理论一生理需要1 对饥饿的人,它能给予的最多----坎贝尔浓缩汤2 北极熊耐寒之迷----北极熊牌冬装分析:马斯洛所说的生理需要是各类需要中最基本的需要,是个体为了维持生存和发展对基本生活资料的需要,如空气、水、吃饭、穿衣、住宅、医疗等。

饥饿和寒冷是人生活要必须面对的俩个基本问题,吃不饱穿不暖就无谈发展,这俩个广告直接明了的的点出了人们的需要,浓缩汤都是精华,北极熊耐寒,能给饥饿与寒冷之人很现实的,基本的满足。

给了他们渴望与动力。

“衣食足则知荣辱”说的就是这个道理。

二安全需要1买渤海保险,享泰达人生----渤海保险2 尖端科技,平安领先----睿翼监控分析:安全需求是人们表现为要求稳定安全受到保护有秩序能免除恐惧和焦虑的欲求。

保险是现代经济社会发展的产物,由于经济的发达致使人生的不稳定性大大增加,为了未来能有一个稳定的生活,买保险就是一个不错的选择。

社会不稳定,财富的增加。

为了自己的财富不受到损失。

用先进的监视器,为自己的财富加一道保险何乐而不为。

正好满足了人们安全防范这个层次的需要。

三爱与归属需要1牛奶香浓,丝般感受----德芙巧克力2 给你一个五星级的家----房地产分析:我们生活在这个社会大家庭里面,作为成员希望获得友情亲情爱情。

德芙巧克力体现的是情侣之间细腻甜美的爱情。

房地产则给你一个温馨的家。

这样我们就有了爱,有了归属感,我们的情感就有了寄托。

这就是马斯洛所说的爱与归属的需要层次。

四尊重需要1好男人的郎酒----郎酒集团2尊重别人,别人才能更尊重自己----公益广告分析:尊重是一个严肃的话题,因为这是相互的。

自我尊重受到尊重是尊重需要的俩个方面。

好男人的郎酒形象的道出了男人自我尊重的重要意义。

我们要做一个好男人,我们是好男人,我们要自尊,我们要受到别人的尊敬。

这一则公益广告简单的点出了我们为什么,怎样才能受到别人的尊重。

给我们指明了一条受到别人尊重的路。

只有这样我们心中的尊重感才能得到满足。

需求层次理论案例

需求层次理论案例

需求层次理论案例【篇一:需求层次理论案例】根据马斯洛的需求层次理论?人的需求被划分为五个层次?生理需求?人类维持自身生存所必须的最基本的需求?、安全需求?希望人身得到安全保障?免受威胁?包括经济上的、心理上的以及工作上的?、社交需求?有爱和归属的需求?、尊重需求和自我实现需求?此是最高层次的需求?指人发挥自己最大的潜能?实现自我的发展和完善?成为自己所期望的人的一种愿望?。

这些需求层次是从低级到高级依次排列的?满足需求的顺序也同样如此?只有当低一层的需求得到基本满足之后?人们才会去追求更高层次的需求。

中分析这五个需求层次的应用。

下面我从华为公司的人力资源管理的激励例子交换机的小公司?逐步发展壮大为拥有自主开发产只用了10多年的时间?华为就从一家代理销售品和核心技术的跨国公司。

华为能把全国211院校通讯专业的一流毕业生全包下?华为在哪里设立分公司?本地同行如何想方设法留住人才?这一切都离不开华为在人才吸引和人才激励方面的机制。

一、全员持股的特定激励政策满足员工最大生理需求和安全需求先看一看下面这些股权激励下的员工收入数据。

0级主管?30个人年薪6000万。

1级主管?120个人能年薪1500万 2级部门总监?350个人年薪350万 3级部门主管?1500个人年薪100万 4级部门正负经理?5000个人年薪50万基层员工?60000个人年薪10万华为公司的股权激励说明?任何一个员工只要努力工作?不仅可以以拿到丰厚的工资?而且还可以获得可观的股权分红。

甚至有的员工的分红是其工资的数倍。

这种方法不仅激发了员工的工作积极性?还充分满足员工的生理需求和安全需求。

?使员工不会为自己的生存担忧。

二、团结协作?集体奋斗的企业文化满足员工的归属感在公司里上下平等?不平等的部分已经通过工资形式表现出来?华为员工无权享受特权。

大家同甘共苦?人人平等?集体奋斗?奖个人努力融入集体拼搏之中?在华为得到充分体现。

这样团结协作的氛围给予员工归属感?而且同事之间的合作是员工感受到他人的帮助和关爱。

马斯洛需要层次理论产品策略案例分析优秀版

马斯洛需要层次理论产品策略案例分析优秀版
• (5)马斯洛和其他的行为心理学家都认为,一个国家多数人的需要层次结构,是同这个国家 的经济发展水平、科技发展水平、文化和人民受教育的程度直接相关的
针对生理需要
• 满足最低层次需求的市场,消费者只要求产品具有一 般功能即可。
• 汽车作为代步工具之一,是人们出行的最佳选择,满 足人类行走的需要。接下来我要为大家介绍一款时尚 商务轿车--别克君越轿车。
Make Presentation much more fun
君越是上海通用在2006 年2月22日推出的一款 全新中高档轿车,它的 定位是在君威和荣御之 Байду номын сангаас,主要竞争对手为天 籁、雅阁等
先进的发动机与变速箱
• 新君越采用3.0升SIDI智能直喷V6发动机,连续两年蝉联业界最具权 定位高端商务威的的新君W越自a然rd不's会吝A惜u气to囊",世正界面双十气囊佳、发侧气动囊以机及"侧大气奖帘都,是车同内乘时客这的安采全保用障了,另D外-,V新V君T越双还提可供变了主动式 安汽0升全车S头 作ID枕为I智,代能其步气 数直两工喷门据片具V式之6正不发的一动结,时仅机构是,技远设人连计们术远续在出两行行,超年业的蝉最越内最联是佳大很业首选界次择功 多最采,具率 传用满权。足达 统威人的类到 意W行a惊 义走rd的's人 上A需u要t的1o。"9世豪0界K十华W佳车发,动型机升",大功奖如率,同丰达时田这6采3皇用.3了冠KDW-旗VV/T舰L双,可版变此车气门正时技 术,最大功率型达的到惊3人.019L0K最W,大升功功率率达6升3. 56.76Kw/L和全新的奔驰E300的3.0排量 汽(配车3置)作 方一为面般代,来步新5(说6工君6,3具越.某7.之自44一一动2K层K,舒w次是适w的/人版L/需L们标,要)出配媲相更行A对B美的S是满最/E足持B佳与了D选平/,E高择B就。A,性会/T满C向足能S高/人E一著S类P层行以称次走及发的的前展需排,宝要双追。安马求全更5气高3囊一0、层L前次i排的的侧需N气要5囊就2和成B前为3后驱0排使B头行F部为发气的囊动动等力安机。全数装置据,同时配 置7接4了下Kw真 来/L皮我•,方要更向为0全是盘大8与新、家款高多介性开君碟绍能一C发著越D款称以而时的的及尚宝自成全商马动务,5空新3轿调0集车LE等i的-C-装成别N备O5克2当;B君S3越06今B轿六F最发车速动。先机手数进据自的(6一3.变体速变箱速技箱术是及通多用项汽专车利集。全它球应资用源嵌 (3)一般来入说,式某一智层能次的变需要速相箱对满控足了制,模就会块向高,一稳层次定发展性,更追求高更高,一专层次利的需的要高就成精为驱度使齿行为轮的动组力啮。 合度 7别定6克位Kw通 高/L过端和技商全术务更 汽新的的的高车积新奔累君驰,东、越E与自3运岳0用然0的转动户不3双会. 更力向吝沟惜顺总通气畅成、囊多,。厂渠正道面值 引的双得 进营气销囊国一,、不侧内提断气生的提囊升以产是品及牌侧,,的气成全影帘响都为新力是与车第E号内C一召乘O力客款S。的安6也变全是保速障唯,箱另一由外一,上新款君海越国通还产提用供六了主动式 安全头枕,其速两手片式自的结一构体设计变在行速业箱内是。首次采用。 相应的,• 获得综基上本满可足的知需,要就君不再越是一强股劲激励的力量“。心脏”与先进的变速箱,让您可以自由驰骋
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1、唐三藏
欧阳学文
唐僧十八岁出家皈依佛门,经常青灯夜读,对佛家经典研修不断,而且悟性极高,二十来岁便名冠中国佛教,倍受唐朝太宗皇帝厚爱。

后来被如来佛祖暗中选中去西天取经,并赐宝物三件(袈裟、九环锡杖、金箍咒)。

西行取经遇到九九八十一难,始终痴心不改,在孙悟空、猪八戒、沙和尚的辅佐下,历尽千辛万苦,终于从西天雷音寺取回三十五部真经,最后被封为旃檀功德佛为弘扬佛家教化做出了巨大贡献,至今被人们津津乐道,不忘他的历史功绩。

这些文史资料对于唐僧个人的记载说明这个人确实是能人,有魄力和毅力,最终把西天的佛经传到东土,造福人类。

从马斯洛需求理论分析来看,他应该属于金字塔第二个层次:尊重的需要,因为底层的需求他已得到了极大的满足,前去西天取经可以让他进一步的升华,而且就跟
现在叫兽发表论坛评职称是一个道理,他也需要在寺庙中寻求自己的地位,他渴望得到的是社会对他的肯定和尊重。

2、孙悟空
它本是从天下之间的灵石中蹦出的石猴,后从师菩提老祖修炼的本事,占花果山为王自称齐天大圣,搅乱王母娘娘的蟠桃胜会,偷吃太上老君的长生不老金丹,打败天宫十万天兵天将,又自不量力地与如来佛祖斗法,被压在五行山下五百多年。

后来经观世音菩萨点化,保护唐僧西天取经。

其实悟空也有他的追求和理想,虽然他本身的能耐很大,所以与之俱来他的精神世界就会相应的提高层次,如果从马斯洛需求理论里边找寻的话,悟空应该属于最高级别的,即:实现自身价值需求。

因为所有的需求他都已经达到,对他来说没有任何挑战性了,这样一来保唐僧西天取经,一路降妖除魔,最后修成正果,换的个“斗战胜佛”的金身,岂不正好实现了自我价值的存在。

3、猪八戒
他原来是玉皇大帝的天蓬元帅,因调戏嫦娥被逐出天界,到人间投胎,却又错投猪胎,嘴脸与猪相似。

他会变身术,能腾云驾雾,使用的兵器是九齿钉钯。

唐僧西去取经路过云栈洞,猪八戒被孙悟空收服,八戒从此成为孙悟空的好帮手,一同保护唐僧西天取经。

话说八戒这个人吧,性格温和,憨厚单纯,力气大,但又好吃懒做,爱占小便宜,贪图女色,经常被妖怪的美色所迷,难分敌我。

他对师兄的话言听计从,对师父忠心耿耿,为唐僧西天取经立下汗马功劳,最后被封为“净坛使者”。

是个被人们喜爱同情的喜剧人物。

所以想必于唐僧和孙悟空来说,这厮也就只满足于他自身的生理需求了吧!你瞧一看见美女就这么个表情,撞天婚找媳妇儿还差点儿看上丈母娘,这呆子不晓得说他啥好了!
4、沙悟净
沙和尚原是天宫玉帝的卷帘大将,因触犯天条,被贬出天界,在人间流沙河兴风作浪。

他使用的兵器是一柄月牙铲,武艺高强,不畏强敌。

经南海观世音菩萨点化,拜唐僧为师,与孙悟空、猪八戒一起保护唐僧西天取经。

他身上有两件宝,一件是菩萨葫芦,一件是九个骷髅组成的项圈。

后来,他用九个骷髅作为九宫,把菩萨葫芦安放在其中,成为法船,稳似轻舟,顺利地帮助师徒四人渡河西去。

沙和尚保护唐僧西天取经路上,任劳任怨,忠心不二,取经后被封为“金身罗汉”。

他的经典台词“大师兄,师傅被妖怪抓走啦!”、“大师兄,二师兄被妖怪抓走啦!”“大师兄,师傅和二师兄都被妖怪抓走啦!”哈哈,说出来大家一起开心一下,所以对他来说安全最重要。

5、白龙马
小白龙原来是西海龙王敖闰殿下的三太子。

龙王三太子纵火烧了殿上玉帝赐的明珠,触犯天条,犯下死罪,幸
亏大慈大悲的南海观世音菩萨出面,才幸免于难,被贬到蛇盘山等待唐僧西天取经。

无奈他不识唐僧和悟空,误食唐僧坐骑白马,后来被观世音菩萨点化,锯角退鳞,变化成白龙马,皈依佛门。

在去西天的取经路上小白龙供唐僧坐骑,任劳任怨,历尽艰辛,终于修成正果,取经归来,被如来佛祖升为八部天龙马。

因为小白龙只有经历苦难修成正果会获得铁饭碗,如果按照之前他犯的错误,诛灭九族的罪过都有了,小白龙所寻求的是一种归属、一种认可感。

总结起来为以下五点:
1.八戒是生理需求,激励八戒向前的因素主要有:食物、性……
2.沙僧是安全需求,激励沙僧向前的因素主要有:安全、秩序、自由;
3.白龙是社会需求,激励白龙向前的因素主要有:友情、归属;
4.唐僧是荣誉需求,激励唐僧向前的因素主要有:成就、尊重、欣赏(当然还有自我欣赏)
5.悟空是自我实现需求,激励悟空向前的因素主要有:实现自我价值,包括学习、发展、创造力和自觉性。

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