精品2016年12月英语六级作文真题及答案范文：发明innovation
16年12月6级14分高分范文
2016年12月阅卷组14分高分范文：【无注解版范文】Invention has always been crucial to human society as it has pushed us all the way through history to where we are in this modern world. To put it more clearly, inventions bring us with innovative technologies that significantly alter the way we live and improve the quality of our lives. For instance, the invention of motor cars has rendered it possible for people to travel fast and conveniently, pulling people closer to each other. The creation of computers has enabled scientists to deal with large amounts of data in seconds, which was previously beyond the capability of human mind.Important as invention is, it is by no means an easy task to come up with something new. Thus measures need to be taken to encourage it. First, schools should focus more on the cultivation of creativity among students through programs and activities. Second, government should give more financial rewards to individuals and institutions that have made ingenious inventions. Third, law for intellectual property protection needs to be formulated and enforced more effectively.In a nutshell, invention is significant to a country’s development. Therefore, measures need to be taken educationally, financially and legally to boost it.【双语注解版范文】Invention has always been crucial [重要的]to human society as it has pushed[推动]us all the way through history to where[地点状语从句]weare in this modern world. To put it more clearly[清楚地], inventions bring us with innovative[创新的] technologies that significantly[显著地]alter[改变]the way we live and improve the quality of our lives. For instance[例如],the invention of motor cars has rendered [使得] it possible for people to travel fast and conveniently[便利地],pulling[拉近] people closer to each other. The creation of computers has enabled scientists to deal with large amounts of data in seconds, which[非限定性定语从句]was previously[之前地] beyond the capability of human mind.一直以来，发明对于人类社会都极为重要，因为在历史上它将我们推动到现如今的现代社会。
2016年英语六级创新作文范文
2016年英语六级创新作文范文In today's rapidly evolving world, innovation has become the cornerstone of progress in various fields, including technology, business, and education. As we navigate through the complexities of the 21st century, the ability to innovate has emerged as a crucial skill, particularly in solving complex problems and driving positive change. Therefore, it is imperative for individuals to cultivate a culture of innovation in their personal and professional lives.To begin with, innovation fosters creativity and encourages individuals to think outside the box. By challenging conventional norms and exploring new possibilities, innovation paves the way for groundbreaking discoveries and inventions. For instance, the advent of smartphones revolutionized the way we communicate and access information, thanks to the innovative efforts of visionaries like Steve Jobs and Bill Gates.Moreover, innovation plays a vital role in driving economic growth and competitiveness on a global scale. Countries and organizations that prioritize innovation are better equipped to adapt to changing market dynamics and seize emerging opportunities. Take, for example, the rise of Silicon Valley as a hub for technology innovation, attracting talent and investment from around the world, and propelling the United States to the forefront of the global tech industry.Furthermore, innovation is essential for addressing pressing societal challenges, such as climate change, healthcare, and poverty alleviation. By harnessing the power of technology and creativity, innovators can develop sustainable solutions that improve the quality of life for people everywhere. From renewable energy technologies to affordable healthcare innovations, the impact of innovation on society cannot be overstated.In addition, fostering a culture of innovation requires a supportive environment that encourages experimentation and risk-taking. Organizations that embrace failure as a learning opportunity and empower employees to pursue innovative ideas are more likely to succeed in today's dynamic business landscape. By fostering a culture of innovation,companies can stay ahead of the curve and remain relevant in an increasingly competitive market.In conclusion, innovation is the driving force behind progress and prosperity in the modern world. By fostering a culture of innovation, individuals and organizations can unlock new opportunities, tackle complex challenges, and shape a better future for generations to come. As we embrace the possibilities of tomorrow, let us remember that innovation is not merely a choice but a necessity for thriving in an ever-changing world.。
精品2016年12月英语六级作文真题及答案范文(有道考神版)
2016年12月英语六级作文真题及答案范文(有道考神版)※点击查看2016年12月英语六级真题及答案专题2016年12月英语六级作文真题及答案范文(有道考神版)写作（创新/创造/发明）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay oninnovation/creation/invention。
Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation/creation/invention。
You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words。
范文1（@丁晓钟版本 innovation）In today‘s highly competitive world， innovation matters enormously to an organization or a country。
It is the driving force behind increased competitiveness。
Take growing a successful business as an example。
In this day and age， social media are gainingpopularity among the general public。
A company that only relies on traditional media doing its marketingis more likely to get eliminated in the digital era。
2016年12月英语六级真题写作解析及范文
2016年12月英语六级真题写作解析及范文2016年12月英语六级真题写作解析及范文【真题再现】Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you areallowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to betaken to encourage innovation. You are required to write at least 150 words but nomore than 200 words.【参考范文】The importance of innovation isself-evident. Innovation has acceleratedthe development of the world; innovation has liberated human labor from monotonous jobs; innovation has made us see this world in different angles. Evidently, if there wereno innovation, there would be no scientific and technological progress. In short, innovation has made our life more colorful and more enjoyable.Since innovation is so important, what can we do to encourage it? As far as I am concerned, the following measures can be taken. Firstly, relevant laws and regulations should be made to encourage innovation. Secondly, the whole society should create a favorable environment for innovation. Thirdly, schools should foster students’ awareness to innovate. Last but not the least, everyone should have the consciousness of innovation and make innovations in study and life.To sum up, innovation is vital to both individuals and the society and we all should learn to innovate in our study and work.【参考译文】试卷一创新/创造/发明Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation/creation/invention. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation/creation/invention. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.范文1In today's highly competitive world, innovation matters enormously to an organization or a country. It is the driving force behind increased competitiveness.Take growing a successful business as an example. In this day and age, social media are gaining popularity among the general public. A company that only relies on traditional media doing its marketing ismore likely to get eliminated in the digital era. Put in another way, a company with its focus on social media to boost its brand recognition stands a better chance of standing out from the crowd. Clearly, innovation is a vital contributing factor to business success.What can be done to encourage innovation? To name only a few: Above all, a business or a country should strive to build a corporate culture or a social climate that values innovation. Second, anyone who participates in the innovation process should be rewarded. Third, we are in urgent need of an education system that stresses innovation over mechanical learning.Simply put, innovation is an important force that pushes our society forward.范文2Nowadays it is common to encounter a scene when people want to see things happen but can‘t make things happen for various reasons. The most important reason is that they just refuse to create and innovate. With the accelerated pace of our society, more and more people recognize the importance of creation that is bound to make a difference in social productivity.As far as I am concerned, we should all have the notion of being the participants of supporting creation. First of all, creation is the most vital factor to improve the inner competitiveness of our nation. For another, it is certain that creation is so essential that enables many people to find their positions in the company and careers in their lives.Measures are also needed to encouragecreation. First and foremost, the government should establish certain rules to sweep up the obstacles of invention. Some people have already complained much about complicated procedure of patent applications or high fees to do experiments of inventions. Additionally, high schools and universities can provide students with scholarships or overseas learning opportunities, which will stimulate more youngsters to join the group of invention and innovation.试卷一创新/创造/发明Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation/creation/invention. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation/creation/invention. You are required to write at least 150 words but nomore than 200 words.范文1In today's highly competitive world, innovation matters enormously to an organization or a country. It is the driving force behind increased competitiveness.Take growing a successful business as an example. In this day and age, social media are gaining popularity among the general public. A company that only relies on traditional media doing its marketing is more likely to get eliminated in the digital era. Put in another way, a company with its focus on social media to boost its brand recognition stands a better chance of standing out from the crowd. Clearly, innovation is a vital contributing factor to business success.What can be done to encourage innovation?To name only a few: Above all, a business or a country should strive to build a corporate culture or a social climate that values innovation. Second, anyone who participates in the innovation process should be rewarded. Third, we are in urgent need of an education system that stresses innovation over mechanical learning.Simply put, innovation is an important force that pushes our society forward.范文2Nowadays it is common to encounter a scene when people want to see things happen but can‘t make things happen for various reasons. The most important reason is that they just refuse to create and innovate. With the accelerated pace of our society, more and more people recognize the importance of creation that is bound to make a difference in social productivity.As far as I am concerned, we should all have the notion of being the participants of supporting creation. First of all, creation is the most vital factor to improve the inner competitiveness of our nation. For another, it is certain that creation is so essential that enables many people to find their positions in the company and careers in their lives.Measures are also needed to encourage creation. First and foremost, the government should establish certain rules to sweep up the obstacles of invention. Some people have already complained much about complicated procedure of patent applications or high fees to do experiments of inventions. Additionally, high schools and universities can provide students with scholarships or overseas learning opportunities, which will stimulate moreyoungsters to join the group of invention and innovation.。
2016年12月英语a级答案
2016年12月英语a级答案【篇一：2016年12月英语六级真题答案】directions: directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation. your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation.you are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】it is universally acknowledged that innovation refers to being creative, unique and different. in fact, today it is impossibly difficult for us to image a 21st century without innovation.we should place a high value on innovation firstly because innovative spirit can enable an individual to ameliorate himself, so he can be equipped with capacity to see what others cannot see, be qualified for future career promotion, and be ready for meeting the forthcoming challenges. w hat’s more, we ought to attach importance to the roleplayed by innovation in economic advancement. put it another way, in this ever-changing world, innovation to economic growth is what water is to fish. to sum up, if innovation misses our attention in any possible way, we will suffer a great loss beyond imagination.in order to encourage innovation, it is wise for us to take some feasible measures. for example, mass media should greatly publicize the significance of creative spirit andencourage the public to cultivate awareness of innovation. besides, those who manage to innovate should be awarded generous prize. though there is a long way ahead to go, i am firmly certain that the shared efforts will be paid off.【参考译文】众所周知创新意味着有创造力，独一无二和不同。
2016年12大学英语六级真题及答案详解
Part I Writing作文一Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation/creation/invention. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation/creation/invention. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考范文：In today's highly competitive world, innovation matters enormously to an organization or a country. It is the driving force behind increased competitiveness.Take growing a successful business as an example. In this day and age, social media are gaining popularity among the general public. A company that only relies on traditional media doing its marketing is more likely to get eliminated in the digital era. Put in another way, a company with its focus on social media to boost its brand recognition stands a better chance of standing out from the crowd. Clearly, innovation is a vital contributing factor to business success.What can be done to encourage innovation? To name only a few: Above all, a business or a country should strive to build a corporate culture or a social climate that values innovation. Second, anyone who participates in the innovation process should be rewarded. Third, we are in urgent need of an education system that stresses innovation over mechanical learning.Simply put, innovation is an important force that pushes our society forward.作文二Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on creation. Your essay should include the importance of creation and measures to be taken to encourage creation. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考范文：Nowadays it is common to encounter a scene when people want to see things happen but can't make things happen for various reasons. The most important reason is that they just refuse to create and innovate. With the accelerated pace of our society, more and more people recognizethe importance of creation that is bound to make a difference in social productivity.As far as I am concerned, we should all have the notion of being the participants of supporting creation. First of all, creation is the most vital factor to improve the inner competitiveness of our nation. For another, it is certain that creation is so essential that enables many people to find their positions in the company and careers in their lives.Measures are also needed to encourage creation. First and foremost, the government should establish certain rules to sweep up the obstacles of invention. Some people have already complained much about comPartⅡ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.It tries to predict the possible trends of global climate change.B) It studies the impacts of global climate change on people’s lives.C) It links the science of climate change to economic and policy issues.D) It focuses on the efforts countries can make to deal with global warming.It will take a long time before a consensus is reached on its impact.B) It would be more costly to deal with its consequences than to avoid it.C) It is the most pressing issue confronting all countries.D) It is bound to cause endless disputes among nations.The transition to low-carbon energy systems.B) The cooperation among world major powers.C) The signing of a global agreement.D) The raising of people’s awareness.Carry out more research on it.B) Plan well in advance.C) Cut down energy consumption.D) Adopt new technology.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.When luck plays a role.B) What determines success.C) Whether practice makes perfect.D) How important natural talent is.It knocks at your door only once in a while.B) It is something that no one can possibly create.C) It comes naturally out of one’s self-confidence.D) It means being good at seizing opportunities.Luck rarely contributes to a person’s success.B) One must have natural talent to be successful.C) One should always be ready to seize opportunities.D) Practice is essential to becoming good at something.Putting time and effort into fun things is profitable.B) People who love what they do care little about money.C) Being passionate about work can make one wealthy.D) People in need of money work hard automatically.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.The stump of a giant tree.B) A huge piece of rock.C) The peak of a mountain.D) A tall chimney.Human activity.B) Wind and water.C) Chemical processes.D) Fire and fury.It is a historical monument.B) It was built in ancient times.C) It is Indians’ sacred place for worship.D) It was created by supernatural powers.By sheltering them in a cave.B) By killing the attacking bears.C) By lifting them well above the ground.D) By taking them to the top of a mountain.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.They will buy something from the convenience stores.B) They will take advantage of the time to rest a while.C) They will have their vehicles washed or serviced.D) They will pick up some souvenirs or gift items.They can bring only temporary pleasures.B) They are meant for the extremely wealthy.C) They should be done away with altogether.D) They may eventually drive one to bankruptcy.A good way to socialize is to have daily lunch with one’s colleagues.B) Retirement savings should come first in one’s family budgeting.C) A vacation will be affordable if one saves 20 dollars a week.D) Small daily savings can make a big difference in one’s life.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.They should be done away with.B) They are necessary in our lives.C) They enrich our experience.D) They are harmful to health.They feel stressed out even without any challenges in life.B) They feel too overwhelmed to deal with life’s problems.C) They are anxious to free themselves from life’s troubles.D) They are exhausted even without doing any heavy work.They expand our mind.B) They prolong our lives.C) They narrow our focus.D) They lessen our burdens.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. It is not easily breakable.B) It came from a 3D printer.C) It represents the latest style.D) It was made by a fashion designer.When she had just graduated from her college.B) When she attended a conference in New YorkC) When she was studying at a fashion design school.D) When she attended a fashion show nine months ago.It was difficult to print.B) It was hard to come by.C) It was hard and breakable.D) It was extremely expensive.It is the latest model of a 3D printer.B)It is a plastic widely used in 3D printing.C)It gives fashion designers room for imagination.D)It marks a breakthrough in printing material.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. They arise from the advances in technology.B)They have not been examined in detail so far.C)They are easy to solve with modern technology.D)They can’t be solved without government support.It is attractive to entrepreneurs.B)It demands huge investment.C)It focuses on new products.D)It is intensely competitive.Cooperation with big companies.B)Recruiting more qualified staff.C)In-service training of IT personnel.D)Sharing of costs with each other.参考答案1. [C] It links the science of climate change to economic and policy issues.2. [B] It would be more costly to deal with its consequences than to avoid it.3. [A] The transition to low-carbon energy systems.4. [C] Plan well in advance.5. [B] What determines success.6. [D] It means being good at seizing opportunities.7. [D] Practice is essential to becoming good at something.8. [C] Being passionate about work can make one wealthy.Section B9. [A] To stump of a giant tree.10. [B] Wind and water.11. [D] It was created by supernatural powers.12. [C] By lifting them well above the ground.13. [A] They will buy something from the convenience stores.14. [A] They can bring only temporary pleasures.15. [D] Small daily savings an make a big difference in one's life.Section C16. [B] They are necessary in our lives.17. [B] They feel too overwhelmed to deal with life's problem.18. [A] They expand our mind.19. [B] It came from a 3D printer.20. [C] When she was studying at a fashion design school.21. [C] It was hard and breakable.22. [D] It marks a breakthrough in printing material.23. [A] They arise from the advances in technology.24. [D] It is intensively competitive.25. [D] Sharing of costs with each other.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select out one word for each blank from a lot of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Small communities, with their distinctive character—where life is stable and intensely human—are disappearing. Some have __26____ from the face of the earth, others are dying slowly, but all have ___27___ changes as they have come into contact with an ___28___ machine civilization. The merging of diverse peoples into a common mass has produced tension among members of the minorities and the majority alike.The Old Order Amish, who arrived on American shores in colonial times, have ___29___ in the modern world in distinctive, small communities. They have resisted the homogenization ___30___ more successfully than others. In planting and harvest times one can see their bearded men working the fields with horses and their women hanging out the laundry in neat rows to dry. Many American people have seen Amish families with the men wearing broad-brimmed black hats and the women in long dresses. In railway or bus the Amish have lived with ___32___ America for over two and a half centuries. They have moderated its influence on their personal lives, their families, communities, and their values.The Amish are often ___33___ by other Americans to be relics of the past who live a simple, inflexible life dedicated to inconvenient out-dated customs. They are seen as abandoning both modem ___34___ and the American dream of success and progress, But most people have no quarrelwith the Amish for doing things the old-fashioned way. Their conscientious objection was tolerated in wartime. For after all. They are good farmers who ___35___ the virtues of work and thrift.A)accessing I)progressB)conveniences J)respectiveC)destined K)survivedD)expanding L)terminalsE)industrialized M)undergoneF)perceived N)universalG)practice O)vanishedH)process参考答案Section A26. [O] vanished27. [M] undergone28. [D] expanding29. [K] survived30. [H] process31. [L] terminals32. [E] industrialized33. [F] perceived34. [B] conveniences35. [G] practiceSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Countries Rush for Upper Hand in AntarcticaA) On a glacier-filled island with fjords(峡湾)and elephant seals, Russia has built Antarctica’s first Orthodox church on a bill overlooking its research base. Less than an hour away by snowmobile. Chinese laborershave upda ted the Great Wall Station, a vital part of China’s plan to operate five basses on Antarctica, complete with an indoor badminton court and sleeping quarters for 150 people. Not to be outdone, India’s futuristic new Bharathi base, built on stills(桩子)using 134 interlocking shipping containers, resembles a spaceship. Turkey and Iran have announced plans to build bases, too.B) More than a century has passed since explorers raced to plant their flags at the bottom of the world, and for decades to come this continent is supposed to be protected as a scientific preserve, shielded from intrusions like military activities and mining . But an array of countries are rushing to assert greater influence here, with an eye not just towards the day those protective treaties expire, but also for the strategic and commercial that already exist.C) The newer players are stepping into what they view as a treasure house of resources. Some of the ventures focus on the Antarctic resources that are already up for grabs, like abundant sea life. South Korea, which operates state-of–the-art bases here, is increasing its fishing of krill(磷虾)，found in abundance in the Southern Ocean, while Russia recently frustrated efforts to create one of the world’s largest ocean sanctuaries here.D) Some scientists are examining the potential for harvesting icebergs form Antarctica, which is estimated to have the biggest reserves of fresh water on the planet. Nations are also pressing ahead with space research and satellite projects to expand their global navigation abilities.E) Building on a Soviet-era foothold, Russia is expanding its monitoring stations for Glonass, its version of the Global Positioning System(GPS). At least three Russian stations are already operating in Antarctica, part of its effort to challenge the dominance of the American GPS, and new stations are planned for sites like the Russian base, in the shadow of the Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity.F) Elsewhere in Antarctica, Russian researchers boast of their recent discovery of a freshwater reserve the size of Lake Ontario after drilling through miles of solid ice. “You can see that we’re here to stay,” saidVladimir Cheberdak, 57, chief of the Bellingshausen Station, as he sipped tea under a portrait of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, a high-ranking officer in the Imperial Russian Navy who explored the Antarctic coast in 1820.G) Antarctica’s mineral, oil and gas wealth are a longer-term prize. The treaty banning mining here, shielding coveted(令人垂诞的)reserves of iron ore, coal and chromium, comes up for review in 2048. Researchers recently found kimberlite(金伯利岩) deposits hinting at the existence of diamonds. And while assessments vary widely, geologists estimate that Antarctica holds at least 36 billion barrels of oil and natural gas.H) Beyond the Antarctic treaties, huge obstacles persist to tapping these resources, like drifting icebergs that could jeopardize offshore platforms. Then there is Antarctic’s remoteness, with some mineral deposits found in windswept locations on a continent that is larger the Europe and where winter temperatures hover around minus 55 degrees Celsius.I) But advances in technology might make Antarctica a lot more accessible three decades from now. And even before then, scholars warn, the demand for resources in an energy-hungry world could raise pressure to renegotiate Antarctica’s treaties, possibly allowing more commercial endeavours here well before the prohibitions against them expire. The research stations on King George lsland offer a glimpse into the long game on this ice-blanketed continent as nations assert themselves, eroding the sway long held by countries like the United States, Britain. Australia and New Zealand.J) Being stationed in Antarctica involves adapting to life on the planet’s driest, windiest and coldest continent, yet each nation manages to make itself at home. Bearded Russian priests offer regular services at the Orthodox church for the 16 or so Russian speakers who spend the winter at the base, largely polar scientists in fields like glaciology and meteorology. Their number climbs to about 40 in the warmer summer months. China has arguably the fastest growing operations in Antarctica. It opened its fourth station last year and is pressing ahead with plans to build a fifth. It is building its second ice-breaking ship and settingup research drilling operations on an ice dome 13,422 feet above sea level that is one the planet’s coldest places. Chinese officials say the expansion in Antarctica prioritises scientific research. But they also acknowledge that concerns about “resource security” influence their moves.K) China’s newly renovated Great Wall Station on King George lsland makes the Russian and Chilean bases here seem outdated. ”We do weather monitoring h ere and other research.” Ning Xu, 53, the chief of the Chinese base, said over tea during a fierce blizzard(暴风雪) in late November. The large base he leads resembles a snowed-in college campus on holiday break, with the capacity to sleep more than 10 times the 13 people who were staying on through the Antarctic winter. Yong Yu, a Chinese microbiologist, showed off the spacious building, with empty desks under an illustrated timeline detailing the rapid growth of China’s Antarctic operations since the 1980s “We now feel equipped to grow,” he said.L) As some countries expand operations in Antarctica, the United States maintains three year-round stations on the continent with more than 1,000 people during the southern hemisphere’s summer, including those at the Amundsen Scott station, built in 1956 at an elevation of 9,301 feet on a plateau at the South Pole. But US researchers quietly complain about budget restraints and having far fewer icebreakers the Russia, limiting the reach of the United States in Antarctica.M) Scholars warn that Antarctica’s political drift could blur the distinction between military and civilian activities long before the continent’s treaties come up for renegotiation, especially in parts of Antarctica that are ideal for intercepting(拦截) signals from satellites or retasking satellite systems, potentially enhancing global electronic intelligence operations.N) Some countries have had a hard time here, Brazil opened a research station in 1984, but it was largely destroyed by a fire that killed two members of the navy in 2012, the same year that a diesel-laden Brazilian barge sank near the base. As if that were not enough. a Brazilian C-130 Hercules military transport plane has remained stranded near the runway of Chile’s air base here since it crash-landed in 2014.O) However, Brazil’s stretch of misfortune has created opportunities for China, with a Chinese company winning the $100 million contract in 2015 to rebuild the Brazilian station.P) Amid all the changes, Antarctica maintains its allure. South Korea opened its second Antarctic research base in 2014, describing it as a way to test robots developed by Korean researchers for use in extreme conditions. With Russia’s help, Belarus is preparing to build this first Antarctic base. Colombia said this year that it planned to join other South American nations with bases in Antarctica.Q) “The old days of the Antarctic being dominated by the interests and wishes of white men from European. Australasian and North American states are over.” Said Klaus Dodds, a politics scholar at the University of London who specialises in Antarctica. “The reality is that Antarctica is geopolitically contested.”36. According to Chinese officials, their activities in Antarctica lay greater emphasis on scientific research.37. Efforts to create one of the world’s largest ocean sanctuaries failed because of Russia’s obstruction.38. With several monitoring stations operating in Antarctica, Russia is trying hard to counter America’s dominance in the field of worldwide navigational facilities.39. According to geologists’ estimates. Antarctica has enormous reserves of oil and natural gas.40. It is estimated that Antarctica boasts of the richest reserves of fresh water on earth.41. The demand for energy resources may compel renegotiation of Antarctica’s treaties before their expiration.42. Many countries are racing against each other to increase their business and strategic influence on Antarctica.43. Antarctica’s harsh natural conditions c onstitute huge obstacles to the exploitation of its resources.44. With competition from many countries, Antarctica is no longer dominated by the traditional white nations.45. American scientists complain about lack of sufficient money and equipment for their expansion in Antarctica.参考答案Section BCountries Rush for Upper Hand in Antarctica36. [J]37. [C]38. [E]39. [G]40. [D]41. [I]42. [B]43. [H]44. [Q]45. [L]Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Any veteran nicotine addict will testify that fancy packaging plays no role in the decision to keep smoking. So, it is argued, stripping cartons of their branding will trigger no mass movement to quit.But that isn’t why the government—under pressure from cancer charities, health workers and the Labour party—has agreed to legislate for standardized packaging. The theory is that smoking should be stripped of any appeal to discourage new generations from starting in the first place. Plain packaging would be another step in the reclassification of cigarettes from inviting consumer products to narcotics(麻醉剂).Naturally, the tobacco industry is violently opposed. No business likes to admit that it sells addictive poison as a lifestyle choice. Thatis why government has historically intervened, banning advertising, imposing health warnings and punitive (惩罚性的) duties. This approach has led over time to a fall in smoking with numbers having roughly halved since the 1970s. Evidence from Australia suggests plain packaging pushes society further along that road. Since tobacco as one of the biggest causes of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habit even by a fraction is worth trying.So why has it taken so long? The Department of Health declared its intention to consider the move in November 2010 and consulted through 2012. But the plan was suspended in July 2013. It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by L ynton Crosby, David Cameron’s election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International. (The prime minister denied there was a connection between his news adviser’s outside interests and the change in legislative programme.) In November 2013, after an unnecessary round of additional consultation, health minister Jane Ellison said the government was minded to proceed after all. Now we are told Members of Parliament (MPs) will have a free voice before parliament is dissolved in March.Parliament has in fact already authorised the government to tame the tobacco trade. MPs voted overwhelmingly in favour of Labour amendments to the children and families bill last February that included the power to regulate for plain packaging. With sufficient will in Downing Street this would have been done already. But strength of will is the missing ingredient where Mr. Cameron and public health are concerned. His attitude to state intervention has looked confused ever since his bizarre 2006lament (叹息) that chocolate oranges placed seductively at supermarket check-outs fueled obesity.The government has moved reluctantly into a sensible public health policy, but with such obvious over-cautiousness that any political credit due belongs to the opposition. Without sustained external pressure it seems certain Mr. Cameron would still be hooked on the interests of big tobacco companies.46. What do chain smokers think of cigarette packaging?A) Fancy packaging can help to engage new smokers.B) It has little to do with the quality or taste of cigarettes.C) Plain packaging discourages non-smokers from taking up smoking.D) It has little impact on their decision whether or not to quit smoking.47. What has the UK government agreed to do concerning tobacco packaging?A) Pass a law to standardise cigarette packaging.B) Rid cigarette cartons of all advertisements.C) Subsidise companies to adopt plain packaging.D) Reclassify cigarettes according to packaging.48. What has happened in Australia where plain packaging is implemented?A) Premature death rates resulting from smoking have declined.B) The number of smokers has dropped more sharply than in the UK.C) The sales of tobacco substitutes have increased considerably.D) Cigarette sales have been falling far more quickly than in the UK.49. Why it taken so long for the UK government to consider plain packaging?A) Prime Minister Cameron has been reluctant to take action.B) There is strong opposition from veteran nicotine addicts.C) Many Members of Parliament are addicted to smoking.D) Pressure from tobacco manufacturers remains strong.50. What did Cameron say about chocolate oranges at supermarket checkouts?A) They fueled a lot of controversy.B) They made more British people obese.C) They attracted a lot of smokers.D) They had certain ingredients missing.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What a waste of money!In return for an averageof£44,000 of debt,students get an average of only 14 hours of lecture and tutorial time a week in Britain. Annual fees have risen from£1,000 to $9,000 in the last decade. But contact time at university has barely risen at all. Andgraduating doesn’t even provide any guarantee of a decent j ob:sixin ten graduates today are in non-graduate jobs.No wonder it has become fashionable to denounce many universities as little more that elaboratecom-tricks(骗术). There’s a lotfor students to complain about the repayment threshold for paying back loans will be frozen for five years, meaning that lower-paid graduals have to start repaying their loans, and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans meaning that students from poorer backgrounds face higher debt than those with wealthier parents.Yet it still pays to go to university. If going to university doesn’t work out, students pay very little—if any—of their tuition fees back, you only start repaying when you are earning £21, 000 a year. Almost half of graduates—those who go on to earn less—will have a portion of their debt written off. It’s not just the lectures and tutorials that are important. Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars. Students do not merely benefit while at university, studies show they go on to be healthier and happier than non-graduates, and also far more likely to vote.Whatever your talents, it is extraordinarily difficult to get a leading job in most fields without having been to university. Recruiters circle elite universities like vulturous(兀鹰). Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a , ., an upper-second class degree, from an elite university. Students at university also meet those likely to be in leading jobs in the future, forming contacts for life. This might not be right, but school-leavers who fail to acknowledge as much risk making the wrong decision about going to university.Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at a top university remains a brilliant investment even if you don’t learn anything .Studying at university will only become less attractive if employers shift their focus away from where someone went to university—and there is no sign of that happening anytime soon. School-leavers may moan, but they have little choice but to embrace university and the student debt that comes with it.51. What is the author’s opinion of going to university?。
2016年12月大学英语六级真题及答案(卷一)
2016年12月大学英语六级真题及答案（卷一）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation/creation/invention. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation/creation/invention. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考范文：In today's highly competitive world, innovation matters enormously to an organization or a country. It is the driving force behind increased competitiveness.Take growing a successful business as an example. In this day and age, social media are gaining popularity among the general public. A company that only relies on traditional media doing its marketing is more likely to get eliminated in the digital era. Put in another way, a company with its focus on social media to boost its brand recognition stands a better chance of standing out from the crowd. Clearly, innovation is a vital contributing factor to business success.What can be done to encourage innovation? To name only a few: Above all, a business or a country should strive to build a corporate culture or a social climate that values innovation. Second, anyone who participates in the innovation process should be rewarded. Third, we are in urgent need of an education system that stresses innovation overmechanical learning.Simply put, innovation is an important force that pushes our society forward.PartⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) It tries to predict the possible trends of global climate change.B) It studies the impacts of global climate change on people’s lives.C) It links the science of climate change to economic and policy issues.D) It focuses on the efforts countries can make to deal with global warming.2.A) It will take a long time before a consensus is reached on its impact.B) It would be more costly to deal with its consequences than to avoid it.C) It is the most pressing issue confronting all countries.D) It is bound to cause endless disputes among nations.3.A) The transition to low-carbon energy systems.B) The cooperation among world major powers.C) The signing of a global agreement.D) The raising of people’s awareness.4.A) Carry out more research on it.B) Plan well in advance.C) Cut down energy consumption.D) Adopt new technology.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A) When luck plays a role.B) What determines success.C) Whether practice makes perfect.D) How important natural talent is.6.A) It knocks at your door only once in a while.B) It is something that no one can possibly create.C) It comes naturally out of one’s self-confidence.D) It means being good at seizing opportunities.7.A) Luck rarely contributes to a person’s success.B) One must have natural talent to be successful.C) One should always be ready to seize opportunities.D) Practice is essential to becoming good at something.8.A) Putting time and effort into fun things is profitable.B) People who love what they do care little about money.C) Being passionate about work can make one wealthy.D) People in need of money work hard automatically.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) The stump of a giant tree.B) A huge piece of rock.C) The peak of a mountain.D) A tall chimney.10.A) Human activity.B) Wind and water.C) Chemical processes.D) Fire and fury.11.A) It is a historical monument.B) It was built in ancient times.C) It is Indians’sacred place for worship.D) It was created by supernatural powers.12.A) By sheltering them in a cave.B) By killing the attacking bears.C) By lifting them well above the ground.D) By taking them to the top of a mountain.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13.A)They will buy something from the convenience stores.B) They will take advantage of the time to rest a while.C) They will have their vehicles washed or serviced.D) They will pick up some souvenirs or gift items.14.A) They can bring only temporary pleasures.B) They are meant for the extremely wealthy.C) They should be done away with altogether.D) They may eventually drive one to bankruptcy.15.A) A good way to socialize is to have daily lunch with one’s colleagues.B) Retirement savings should come first in one’s family budgeting.C) A vacation will be affordable if one saves 20 dollars a week.D) Small daily savings can make a big difference in one’s life.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A) They should be done away with.B) They are necessary in our lives.C) They enrich our experience.D) They are harmful to health.17.A) They feel stressed out even without any challenges in life.B) They feel too overwhelmed to deal with life’s problems.C) They are anxious to free themselves from life’s troubles.D) They are exhausted even without doing any heavy work.18.A) They expand our mind.B) They prolong our lives.C) They narrow our focus.D) They lessen our burdens.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A) It is not easily breakable.B) It came from a 3D printer.C) It represents the latest style.D) It was made by a fashion designer.20.A) When she had just graduated from her college.B) When she attended a conference in New YorkC) When she was studying at a fashion design school.D) When she attended a fashion show nine months ago.21.A) It was difficult to print.B) It was hard to come by.C) It was hard and breakable.D) It was extremely expensive.22.A)It is the latest model of a 3D printer.B)It is a plastic widely used in 3D printing.C)It gives fashion designers room for imagination.D)It marks a breakthrough in printing material.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)They arise from the advances in technology.B)They have not been examined in detail so far.C)They are easy to solve with modern technology.D)They can’t be solved without government support.24.A)It is attractive to entrepreneurs.B)It demands huge investment.C)It focuses on new products.D)It is intensely competitive.25.A)Cooperation with big companies.B)Recruiting more qualified staff.C)In-service training of IT personnel.D)Sharing of costs with each other.参考答案1. [C] It links the science of climate change to economic and policy issues.2. [B] It would be more costly to deal with its consequences than to avoid it.3. [A] The transition to low-carbon energy systems.4. [C] Plan well in advance.5. [B] What determines success.6. [D] It means being good at seizing opportunities.7. [D] Practice is essential to becoming good at something.8. [C] Being passionate about work can make one wealthy.Section B9. [A] To stump of a giant tree.10. [B] Wind and water.11. [D] It was created by supernatural powers.12. [C] By lifting them well above the ground.13. [A] They will buy something from the convenience stores.14. [A] They can bring only temporary pleasures.15. [D] Small daily savings an make a big difference in one's life.Section C16. [B] They are necessary in our lives.17. [B] They feel too overwhelmed to deal with life's problem.18. [A] They expand our mind.19. [B] It came from a 3D printer.20. [C] When she was studying at a fashion design school.21. [C] It was hard and breakable.22. [D] It marks a breakthrough in printing material.23. [A] They arise from the advances in technology.24. [D] It is intensively competitive.25. [D] Sharing of costs with each other.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select out one word for each blank from a lot of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each itemon Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Small communities, with their distinctive character—where life is stable and intensely human—are disappearing. Some have __26____ from the face of the earth, others are dying slowly, but all have ___27___ changes as they have come into contact with an ___28___ machine civilization. The merging of diverse peoples into a common mass has produced tension among members of the minorities and the majority alike.The Old Order Amish, who arrived on American shores in colonial times, have ___29___ in the modern world in distinctive, small communities. They have resisted the homogenization ___30___ more successfully than others. In planting and harvest times one can see their bearded men working the fields with horses and their women hanging out the laundry in neat rows to dry. Many American people have seen Amish families with the men wearing broad-brimmed black hats and the women in long dresses. In railway or bus ___31___.Although the Amish have lived with ___32___ America for over two and a half centuries. They have moderated its influence on their personal lives, their families, communities, and their values.The Amish are often ___33___ by other Americans to be relics of the past who live a simple, inflexible life dedicated to inconvenientout-dated customs. They are seen as abandoning both modem ___34___ and the American dream of success and progress, But most people have no quarrel with the Amish for doing things the old-fashioned way. Their conscientious objection was tolerated in wartime. For after all. They are good farmers who ___35___ the virtues of work and thrift.A)accessing I)progressB)conveniences J)respectiveC)destined K)survivedD)expanding L)terminalsE)industrialized M)undergoneF)perceived N)universalG)practice O)vanishedH)process参考答案Section A26. [O] vanished27. [M] undergone28. [D] expanding29. [K] survived30. [H] process31. [L] terminals32. [E] industrialized33. [F] perceived34. [B] conveniences35. [G] practiceSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Countries Rush for Upper Hand in AntarcticaA) On a glacier-filled island with fjords(峡湾)and elephant seals, Russia has built Antarctica’s first Orthodox church on a bill overlooking its research base. Less than an hour away by snowmobile. Chinese laborers have updated the Great Wall Station, a vital part of China’s plan to operate five basses on Antarctica, complete with an indoor badminton court and sleeping quarters for 150 people. Not to be outdone, India’s futuristic new Bharathi base, built on stills(桩子)using 134 interlocking shipping containers, resembles a spaceship. Turkey and Iran have announced plans to build bases, too.B) More than a century has passed since explorers raced to plant their flags at the bottom of the world, and for decades to come thiscontinent is supposed to be protected as a scientific preserve, shielded from intrusions like military activities and mining . But an array of countries are rushing to assert greater influence here, with an eye not just towards the day those protective treaties expire, but also for the strategic and commercial that already exist.C) The newer players are stepping into what they view as a treasure house of resources. Some of the ventures focus on the Antarctic resources that are already up for grabs, like abundant sea life. South Korea, which operates state-of–the-art bases here, is increasing its fishing of krill(磷虾)，found in abundance in the Southern Ocean, while Russia recently frustrated efforts to create one of the world’s largest ocean sanctuaries here.D) Some scientists are examining the potential for harvesting icebergs form Antarctica, which is estimated to have the biggest reserves of fresh water on the planet. Nations are also pressing ahead with space research and satellite projects to expand their global navigation abilities.E) Building on a Soviet-era foothold, Russia is expanding its monitoring stations for Glonass, its version of the Global Positioning System(GPS). At least three Russian stations are already operating in Antarctica, part of its effort to challenge the dominance of the American GPS, and new stations are planned for sites like the Russian base, in the shadow of the Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity.F) Elsewhere in Antarctica, Russian researchers boast of their recent discovery of a freshwater reserve the size of Lake Ontario after drilling through miles of solid ice. “You can see that we’re here to stay,”said Vladimir Cheberdak, 57, chief of the Bellingshausen Station, as he sipped tea under a portrait of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, a high-ranking officer in the Imperial Russian Navy who explored the Antarctic coast in 1820.G) Antarctica’s mineral, oil and gas wealth are a longer-term prize. The treaty banning mining here, shielding coveted(令人垂诞的)reserves of iron ore, coal and chromium, comes up for review in 2048. Researchers recently found kimberlite(金伯利岩) deposits hinting at the existence of diamonds. And while assessments vary widely, geologists estimate that Antarctica holds at least 36 billion barrels of oil and natural gas.H) Beyond the Antarctic treaties, huge obstacles persist to tapping these resources, like drifting icebergs that could jeopardize offshore platforms. Then there is Antarctic’s remoteness, with some mineral deposits found in windswept locations on a continent that is larger the Europe and where winter temperatures hover around minus 55 degrees Celsius.I) But advances in technology might make Antarctica a lot more accessible three decades from now. And even before then, scholars warn,the demand for resources in an energy-hungry world could raise pressure to renegotiate Antarctica’s treaties, possibly allowing more commercial endeavours here well before the prohibitions against them expire. The research stations on King George lsland offer a glimpse into the long game on this ice-blanketed continent as nations assert themselves, eroding the sway long held by countries like the United States, Britain. Australia and New Zealand.J) Being stationed in Antarctica involves adapting to life on the planet’s driest, windiest and coldest continent, yet each nation manages to make itself at home. Bearded Russian priests offer regular services at the Orthodox church for the 16 or so Russian speakers who spend the winter at the base, largely polar scientists in fields like glaciology and meteorology. Their number climbs to about 40 in the warmer summer months. China has arguably the fastest growing operations in Antarctica. It opened its fourth station last year and is pressing ahead with plans to build a fifth. It is building its second ice-breaking ship and setting up research drilling operations on an ice dome 13,422 feet above sea level that is one the planet’s coldest places. Chinese officials say the expansion in Antarctica prioritises scientific research. But they also acknowledge that concerns about “resource security”influence their moves.K) China’s newly renovated Great Wall Station on King Georgelsland makes the Russian and Chilean bases here seem outdated. ”We do weather monitoring here and other research.”Ning Xu, 53, the chief of the Chinese base, said over tea during a fierce blizzard(暴风雪) in late November. The large base he leads resembles a snowed-in college campus on holiday break, with the capacity to sleep more than 10 times the 13 people who were staying on through the Antarctic winter. Yong Yu, a Chinese microbiologist, showed off the spacious building, with empty desks under an illustrated timeline detailing the rapid growth of China’s Antarctic operations since the 1980s “We now feel equipped to grow,”he said.L) As some countries expand operations in Antarctica, the United States maintains three year-round stations on the continent with more than 1,000 people during the southern hemisphere’s summer, including those at the Amundsen Scott station, built in 1956 at an elevation of 9,301 feet on a plateau at the South Pole. But US researchers quietly complain about budget restraints and having far fewer icebreakers the Russia, limiting the reach of the United States in Antarctica.M) Scholars warn that Antarctica’s political drift could blur the distinction between military and civilian activities long before the continent’s treaties come up for renegotiation, especially in parts of Antarctica that are ideal for intercepting(拦截) signals from satellites or retasking satellite systems, potentially enhancing global electronicintelligence operations.N) Some countries have had a hard time here, Brazil opened a research station in 1984, but it was largely destroyed by a fire that killed two members of the navy in 2012, the same year that a diesel-laden Brazilian barge sank near the base. As if that were not enough. a Brazilian C-130 Hercules military transport plane has remained stranded near the runway of Chile’s air base here since it crash-landed in 2014.O) However, Brazil’s stretch of misfortune has created opportunities for China, with a Chinese company winning the $100 million contract in 2015 to rebuild the Brazilian station.P) Amid all the changes, Antarctica maintains its allure. South Korea opened its second Antarctic research base in 2014, describing it as a way to test robots developed by Korean researchers for use in extreme conditions. With Russia’s help, Belarus is preparing to build this first Antarctic base. Colombia said this year that it planned to join other South American nations with bases in Antarctica.Q) “The old days of the Antarctic being dominated by the interests and wishes of white men from European. Australasian and North American states are over.”Said Klaus Dodds, a politics scholar at the University of London who specialises in Antarctica. “The reality is that Antarctica is geopolitically contested.”36. According to Chinese officials, their activities in Antarctica laygreater emphasis on scientific research.37. Efforts to create one of the world’s largest ocean sanctuaries failed because of Russia’s obstruction.38. With several monitoring stations operating in Antarctica, Russia is trying hard to counter America’s dominance in the field of worldwide navigational facilities.39. According to geologists’estimates. Antarctica has enormous reserves of oil and natural gas.40. It is estimated that Antarctica boasts of the richest reserves of fresh water on earth.41. The demand for energy resources may compel renegotiation of Antarctica’s treaties before their expiration.42. Many countries are racing against each other to increase their business and strategic influence on Antarctica.43. Antarctica’s harsh natural conditions constitute huge obstacles to the exploitation of its resources.44. With competition from many countries, Antarctica is no longer dominated by the traditional white nations.45. American scientists complain about lack of sufficient money and equipment for their expansion in Antarctica.参考答案Section BCountries Rush for Upper Hand in Antarctica36. [J]37. [C]38. [E]39. [G]40. [D]41. [I]42. [B]43. [H]44. [Q]45. [L]Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Any veteran nicotine addict will testify that fancy packaging plays no role in the decision to keep smoking. So, it is argued, stripping cartons of their branding will trigger no mass movement to quit.But that isn’t why the government—under pressure from cancer charities, health workers and the Labour party—has agreed to legislate for standardized packaging. The theory is that smoking should be stripped of any appeal to discourage new generations from starting in the first place. Plain packaging would be another step in the reclassification of cigarettes from inviting consumer products to narcotics(麻醉剂).Naturally, the tobacco industry is violently opposed. No business likes to admit that it sells addictive poison as a lifestyle choice. That is why government has historically intervened, banning advertising, imposing health warnings and punitive (惩罚性的) duties. This approach has led over time to a fall in smoking with numbers having roughly halved since the 1970s. Evidence from Australia suggests plain packaging pushes society further along that road. Since tobacco as one of the biggest causes of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habit even by a fraction is worth trying.So why has it taken so long? The Department of Health declared its intention to consider the move in November 2010 and consulted through 2012. But the plan was suspended in July 2013. It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron’s election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International. (The prime minister denied there was a connectionbetween his news adviser’s outside interests and the change in legislative programme.) In November 2013, after an unnecessary round of additional consultation, health minister Jane Ellison said the government was minded to proceed after all. Now we are told Members of Parliament (MPs) will have a free voice before parliament is dissolved in March.Parliament has in fact already authorised the government to tame the tobacco trade. MPs voted overwhelmingly in favour of Labour amendments to the children and families bill last February that included the power to regulate for plain packaging. With sufficient will in Downing Street this would have been done already. But strength of will is the missing ingredient where Mr. Cameron and public health are concerned. His attitude to state intervention has looked confused ever since his bizarre 2006lament (叹息) that chocolate oranges placed seductively at supermarket check-outs fueled obesity.The government has moved reluctantly into a sensible public health policy, but with such obvious over-cautiousness that any political credit due belongs to the opposition. Without sustained external pressure it seems certain Mr. Cameron would still be hooked on the interests of big tobacco companies.46. What do chain smokers think of cigarette packaging?A) Fancy packaging can help to engage new smokers.B) It has little to do with the quality or taste of cigarettes.C) Plain packaging discourages non-smokers from taking up smoking.D) It has little impact on their decision whether or not to quit smoking.47. What has the UK government agreed to do concerning tobacco packaging?A) Pass a law to standardise cigarette packaging.B) Rid cigarette cartons of all advertisements.C) Subsidise companies to adopt plain packaging.D) Reclassify cigarettes according to packaging.48. What has happened in Australia where plain packaging is implemented?A) Premature death rates resulting from smoking have declined.B) The number of smokers has dropped more sharply than in the UK.C) The sales of tobacco substitutes have increased considerably.D) Cigarette sales have been falling far more quickly than in the UK.49. Why it taken so long for the UK government to consider plain packaging?A) Prime Minister Cameron has been reluctant to take action.B) There is strong opposition from veteran nicotine addicts.C) Many Members of Parliament are addicted to smoking.D) Pressure from tobacco manufacturers remains strong.50. What did Cameron say about chocolate oranges at supermarket checkouts?A) They fueled a lot of controversy.B) They made more British people obese.C) They attracted a lot of smokers.D) They had certain ingredients missing.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What a waste of money!In return for an averageof£44,000 of debt,students get an average of only 14 hours of lecture and tutorial time a week in Britain. Annual fees have risen from£1,000 to $9,000 in the last decade. But contact time at university has barely risen at all. And graduating doesn’t even provide any guarantee of a decent job:sixin ten graduates today are in non-graduate jobs.No wonder it has become fashionable to denounce many universities as little more that elaboratecom-tricks(骗术). There’s a lotfor students to complain about the repayment threshold for paying back loans will be frozen for five years, meaning that lower-paid graduals have to start repaying their loans, and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans meaning that students from poorer backgrounds facehigher debt than those with wealthier parents.Yet it still pays to go to university. If going to university doesn’t work out, students pay very little—if any—of their tuition fees back, you only start repaying when you are earning £21, 000 a year. Almost half of graduates—those who go on to earn less—will have a portion of their debt written off. It’s not just the lectures and tutorials that are important. Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars. Students do not merely benefit while at university, studies show they go on to be healthier and happier than non-graduates, and also far more likely to vote.Whatever your talents, it is extraordinarily difficult to get a leading job in most fields without having been to university. Recruiters circle elite universities like vulturous(兀鹰). Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 2.1, i.e., an upper-second class degree, from an elite university. Students at university also meet those likely to be in leading jobs in the future, forming contacts for life. This might not be right, but school-leavers who fail to acknowledge as much risk making the wrong decision about going to university.Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at a top university remains a brilliant investment even if you don’t learn anything .Studying at university will only become less attractive if employers shift their focus away from。
16年12月六级第1套真题及答案详解20页
2016年12月大学英语六级真题(第1套) PartⅠWriting(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on invention.Your essay should include the importance of invention and measures to be taken to encourage invention.You are required to write at least150words but no more than200words.PartⅡListening Comprehension(30minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1 A.It tries to predict the possible trends of global climate change.B.It studies the impacts of global climate change on people’s lives.C.It links the science of climate change to economic and policy issues.D.It focuses on the efforts countries can make to deal with global warming.2 A.It will take a long time before a consensus is reached on its impact.B.It would be more costly to deal with its consequences than to avoid it.C.It is the most pressing issue confronting all countries.D.It is bound to cause endless disputes among nations.3 A.The transition to low-carbon energy systems. B.The cooperation among world major powers.C.The signing of a global agreement.D.The raising of people’s awareness.4 A.Carry out more research on it. B.Cut down energy consumption.C.Plan well in advance.D.Adopt new technology.Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5 A.When luck plays a role. B.what determines success.C.Whether practice makes perfect.D.How important natural talent is.6 A.It knocks at your door only once in a while. B.It is something that no one can possibly create.C.It comes naturally out of one's self-confidence.D.It means being good at seizing opportunities.7 A.Luck rarely contributes to a person's success.B.One must have natural talent to be successful.C.One should always be ready to seize opportunities.D.Practice is essential to becoming good at something.8 A.Putting time and effort into fun things is profitable.B.People who love what they do care little about money.C.Being passionate about work can make one wealthy.D.People in need of money work hard automatically.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions9to12are based on the passage you have just heard.9 A.The stump of a giant tree. B.A huge piece of rock.C.The peak of a mountain.D.A tall chimney.10 A.Human activity. B.Wind and water.C.Chemical processes.D.Fire and fury.11 A.It is a historical monument. B.It was built in ancient times.C.It is Indians'sacred place for worship.D.It was created by supernatural powers.12 A.By sheltering them in a cave. B.By killing the attacking bears.C.By lifting them well above the ground.D.By taking them to the top of a mountain. Questions13to15are based on the passage you have just heard.13 A.They will buy something from the convenience stores.B.They will take advantage of the time to rest a while.C.They will have their vehicles washed or serviced.D.They will pick up some souvenirs or gift items.14 A.They can bring only temporary pleasures.B.They are meant for the extremely wealthy.C.They should be done away with altogether.D.They may eventually drive one to bankruptcy.15 A.A good way to socialize is to have daily lunch with one's colleagues.B.Retirement savings should come first in one's family budgeting.C.A vacation will be affordable if one saves20dollars a week.D.Small daily savings can make a big difference in one's life.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.16 A.They should be done away with. B.They are necessary in our lives.C.They enrich our experience.D.They are harmful to health.17 A.They feel stressed out even without any challenges in life.B.They feel too overwhelmed to deal with life's problems.C.They are anxious to free themselves from life's troubles.D.They are exhausted even without doing any heavy work.18 A.They expand our mind. B.They prolong our lives.C.They narrow our focus.D.They lessen our burdensQuestions19to22are based on the recording you have just heard.19 A.It is not easily breakable. B.It came from a3D printer.C.It represents the latest style.D.It was made by a fashion designer.20 A.When she had just graduated from her college.B.When she attended a conference in New York.C.When she was studying at a fashion design school.D.When she attended a fashion show nine months ago.21 A.It was difficult to print. B.It was hard to come by.C.It was hard and breakable.D.It was extremely expensive.22 A.It is the latest model of a3D printer. B.It is a plastic widely used in3D printing.C.It gives fashion designers room for imagination.D.It marks a breakthrough in printing material. Questions23to25are based on the recording you have just heard.23 A.They arise from the advances in technology.B.They have not been examined in detail so far.C.They are easy to solve with modern technology.D.They can't be solved without government support.24 A.It is attractive to entrepreneurs. B.It demands huge investment.C.It focuses on new products.D.It is intensely competitive.25 A.Cooperation with big companies. B.Recruiting more qualified staff.C.In-service training of IT personnel.D.Sharing of costs with each other.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.It is important that scientists be seen as normal people asking and answering important questions. Good,sound science depends on26,experiments and reasoned methodologies.It requires a willingness to ask new questions and try new approaches.It requires one to take risks and experience failures.But good science also requires27understanding,clear explanation and concise presentation.Our country needs more scientists who are willing to step out in the public28and offer their opinions on important matters.We need more scientists who can explain what they are doing in language that is29and understandable to the public.Those of us who are not scientists should also be prepared to support public engagement by scientists,and to30scientific knowledge into our public communications.Too many people in this country,including some among our elected leadership,still do not understand how science works or why robust,long-range investments in research vitally matter.In the1960s,the United States31nearly17%of discretionary(可酌情支配的)spending to research and development,32decades of economic growth.By2008,the figure had fallen into the single33 This occurs at a time when other nations have made significant gains in their own research capabilities.At the University of California(UC),we34ourselves not only on the quality of our research,but also on its contribution to improving our world.To35the development of science from the lab bench to the market place,UC is investing our own money in our own good ideas.A)arena B)contextual C)convincing D)devoted E)digitsF)hasten G)hypotheses H)impairing I)incorporate J)indefiniteK)indulge L)inertia M)pride N)reaping O)warrantSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Are We in an Innovation Lull?[A]Scan the highlights of this year's Consumer Electronics Show(CES),and you may get a slight feeling of having seen them before.Many of the coolest gadgets this year are the same as the coolest gadgets last year--or the year before,even.The booths are still exciting,and the demos are still just as crazy.It is still easy to be dazzled by the display of drones(无人机),3D printers,virtual reality goggles(眼镜)and more "smart"devices than you could ever hope to catalog.Upon reflection,however,it is equally easy to feel like you have seen it all before.And it is hard not to think:Are we in an innovation lull(间歇期)? [B]In some ways,the answer is yes.For years,smartphones,televisions,tablets,laptops and desktops have made up a huge part of the market and driven innovation.But now these segments are looking at slower growth curves--or shrinking markets in some cases--as consumers are not as eager to spend money on new gadgets.Meanwhile,emerging technologies--the drones,3D printers and smart-home devices of the world--now seem a bit too old to be called"the next big thing."[C]Basically the tech industry seems to be in an awkward period now."There is not any one-hit wonder, and there will not be one for years to come,"said Gary Shapiro,president and chief executive of the Consumer Technology Association(CTA).In his eyes,however,that doesn't necessarily mean that innovation has stopped.It has just grown up a little."Many industries are going out of infancy and becoming adolescents,"Shapiro said.[D]For instance,new technologies that are building upon existing technology have not found their footing well enough to appeal to a mass audience,because,in many cases,they need to work effectively with other devices to realize their full appeal.Take the evolution of the smart home,for panies are pushing it hard but make it almost overwhelming even to dip a toe in the water for the average consumer, because there are so many compatibility issues to think about.No average person wants to figure out whether their favorite calendar software works with their fridge or whether their washing machine and tablet get along.Having to install a different app for each smart appliance in your home is annoying;it would be nicer if you could manage everything together.And while you may forgive your smartphone an occasional fault,you probably have less patience for error messages from your door lock.[E]Companies are promoting their own standards,and the market has not had time to choose a winner yet as this is still very panies that have long focused on hardware now have to think of ecosystems instead to give consumers practical solutions to their everyday problems."The dialogue is changing from what is technologically possible to what is technologically meaningful,"said economist Shawn DuBravac. DuBravac works for CTA--which puts on the show each year--and said that this shift to a search for solutions has been noticeable as he researched his predictions for2016.[F]"So much of what CES has been about is the cool.It is about the flashiness and the gadgets,"said John Curran,managing director of research at Accenture."But over the last couple of years,and in this one in particular,we are starting to see companies shift from what is the largest screen size,the smallest form factor or the shiniest object and more into what all of these devices do that is practical in a consumer's life. "Even the technology press conferences,which have been high-profile in the past and reached a level of drama and theatrics fitting for a Las Vegas stage,have a different bent to them.Rather than just dazzling with a high cool factor,there is a focus on the practical.Fitbit,for example,released its first smartwatch Monday,selling with a clear purpose--to improve your fitness--and promoting it as a"tool,not a toy."Not only that,it supports a number of platforms:Apple's iOS,Google's Android and Microsoft's Windows phone.[G]That seems to be what consumers are demanding,after all.Consumers are becoming increasingly bored with what companies have to offer:A survey of28,000consumers in28countries released by Accenture found consumers are not as excited about technology as they once were.For example,whenasked whether they would buy a new smartphone this year,only48percent said yes--a six-point drop from 2015.[H]And when it comes to the hyper-connected super-smart world that technology firms are painting for us, it seems that consumers are growing more uneasy about handing over the massive amounts of consumer data needed to provide the personalized,customized solutions that companies need to improve their services.That could be another explanation for why companies seem to be strengthening their talk of the practicality of their devices.[I]Companies have already won part of the battle,having driven tech into every part of our lives,tracking our steps and our very heartbeats.Yet the persistent question of"Why do I need that?"--or,perhaps more tellingly,"Why do you need to know that?"--dogs the steps of many new ventures.Only13percent of respondents said that they were interested in buying a smartwatch in2016,for example--an increase of just one percent from the previous year despite a year of high-profile launches.That is bad news for any firm that may hope that smartwatches can make up ground for maturing smartphone and tablet markets.And the survey found flat demand for fitness monitors,smart thermostats(恒温器)and connected home cameras,as well.[J]According to the survey,that lack of enthusiasm could stem from concerns about privacy and security. Even among people who have bought connected devices of some kind,37percent said that they are going to be more cautions about using these devices and services in the future.A full18percent have even returned devices until they feel they can get safer guarantees against having their sensitive information hacked. [K]That,too,explains the heavy Washington presence at this year's show,as these new technologies intrude upon heavily regulated areas.In addition to many senior officials from the Federal Trade and Federal Communications commissions,this year's list of policy makers also includes appearances from Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx,to talk about smart cities,and Federal Aviation Administration Administrator Michael Huerta,to talk about drones.[L]Curran,the Accenture analyst,said that increased government interest in the show makes sense as technology becomes a larger part of our lives."There is an incompatibility in the rate at which these are advancing relative to the way we're digesting it,"he said."Technology is becoming bigger and more aspirational,and penetrating almost every aspect of our lives.We have to understand and think about the implications,and balance these great innovations with the potential downsides they naturally carry with them."36.Consumers are often hesitant to try smart-home devices because they are worried about compatibility problems.37.This year's electronics show featured the presence of many officials from the federal government.38.The market demand for electronic devices is now either declining or not growing as fast as before.39.One analyst suggests it is necessary to accept both the positive and negative aspects of innovative products.40.The Consumer Electronics Show in recent years has begun to focus more on the practical value than the showiness of electronic devices.41.Fewer innovative products were found at this year's electronic products show.42.Consumers are becoming more worried about giving personal information to tech companies to get customized products and services.43.The Consumer Technology Association is the sponsor of the annual Consumer Electronics Show.44.Many consumers wonder about the necessity of having their fitness monitored.45.The electronic industry is maturing even though no wonder products hit the market.Directions:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year heralded a new era for climate action.For the first time,the world's nations agreed to keep global warming well below2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations.Fewer than4%of countries are responsible for more than half of the world's greenhouse gas emissions.In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports,we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.Developed nations such as Australia,the United States,Canada,and European countries are essentially climate"free-riders":causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions,while incurring few of the costs such as climate change's impact on food and water.In other words,a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels,while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side,there are many"forced riders",who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem.Many of the world's most climatevulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states,produce a very small quantity of emissions.This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke,while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.The Paris agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all,although the details on addressing"climate justice"can be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise"well below"2~C is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.More than$100billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions.However,the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions,effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or,importantly,who is responsible for their provision.Securing these funds,and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most.There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.46.The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because______A.it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nationsB.it aims to keep temperature rise below2℃onlyC.it is beneficial to only fewer than4%of countriesD.it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility47.Why does the author call some developed countries climate"free-riders"?A.They needn't worry about the food and water they consume.B.They are better able to cope with the global climate change.C.They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused.D.They are free from the greenhouse effects affecting"forced riders".48.Why does the author compare the"forced riders"to second-hand smokers?A.They have little responsibility for public health problems.B.They are vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions.C.They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.D.They are unaware of the potential risks they are confronting.49.What does the author say about the$100billion funding?A.It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.B.There is no final agreement on where it will come from.C.There is no clarification of how the money will be spent.D.It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.50.what urgent action must be taken to realise the Paris climate agreement?A.Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative.B.Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.C.Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus.D.Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.Teenagers at risk of depression,anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon(霓虹灯)sign. Their risky behaviors--drinking too much alcohol,using illegal drugs,smoking cigarettes and skipping school--can alert parents and teachers that serious problems are brewing.But a new study finds that there's another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same psychiatric symptoms:teens who use tons of media,don't get enough sleep and have a sedentary(不爱活动的)lifestyle.Of course,that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet.But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme who are truly in jeopardy.Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag,these young people have been dubbed the"invisible risk" group by the study's authors."In some ways they're at greater risk of falling through the cracks,"says researcher Vladimir Carli. "While most parents,teachers and clinicians would react to an adolescent using drugs or getting drunk,they may easily overlook teenagers who are engaging in inconspicuous behaviors."The study's authors surveyed12,395students and analyzed nine risk behaviors,including excessive alcohol use,illegal drug use,heavy smoking,high media use and truancy(逃学).Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers.About58%of the students demonstrated none or few of the risk behaviors.Some13%scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors.And29%,the"invisible risk"group,scored high on three in particular:They spent five hours a day or more on electronic devices.They slept six hours a night or less.And they neglected"other healthy activities."The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression;in all,nearly15%of this group reported being depressed,compared with just4%of the low-risk group.But the invisible group wasn't far behind the high-risk set,with more than13%of themexhibiting depression.The findings caught Carli off guard."We were very surprised,"he says."The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious.But this third group was not only unexpected,it was so distinct and so large--nearly one third of our sample--that it became a key finding of the study."Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early-warning signs for parents,teachers and mental health-care providers.And early identification,support and treatment for mental health issues,he says,are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders. 51.What does the author mean by saying"Teenagers at risk of depression,anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon sign"(Lines1-2,Para.1)?A.Mental problems can now be found in large numbers of teenagers.B.Teenagers'mental problems are getting more and more attention.C.Teenagers'mental problems are often too conspicuous not to be observed.D.Depression and anxiety are the most common symptoms of mental problems.52.What is the finding of the new study?A.Teenagers'lifestyles have changed greatly in recent years.B.Many teenagers resort to drugs or alcohol for mental relief.C.Teenagers experiencing psychological problems tend to use a lot of media.D.Many hitherto unobserved youngsters may have psychological problems.53.Why do the researchers refer to teens who use tons of media,don't get enough sleep and have a sedentary lifestyle as the"invisible risk"group?A.Their behaviors can be an invisible threat to society.B.Their behaviors do not constitute a warning signal.C.Their behaviors do not tend towards mental problems.D.Their behaviors can be found in almost all teenagers on earth.54.What does the new study find about the invisible group?A.They are almost as liable to depression as the high-risk group.B.They suffer from depression without showing any symptoms.C.They do not often demonstrate risky behaviors as their peers.D.They do not attract the media attention the high-risk group does.55.What is the significance of Vladimir Carli’s study?A.It offers a new treatment for psychological problems among teenagers.B.It provides new early-warning signals for identifying teens in trouble.C.It may have found an ideal way to handle teenagers with behavioral problems.D.It sheds new light on how unhealthy behaviors trigger mental health problems.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.随着生活水平的提高，度假在中国人生活中的作用越来越重要。
精品2016年12月英语六级作文真题(三套完整版)
2016年12月英语六级作文真题（三套完整版）※点击查看2016年12月英语六级真题及答案专题2016年12月英语六级作文真题（三套完整版）2016年12月英语六级作文题目：creation创造Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on creation. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourageinnovation/creation/invention. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.2016年12月英语六级作文题目：invention发明Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on invention. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourageinnovation/creation/invention. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.2016年12月英语六级作文题目：innovation创新Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourageinnovation/creation/invention. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.※2016年12月英语六级成绩查询时间：根据历年英语六级成绩查询时间，预测2016年12月英语六级成绩查询于2017年2月中下旬开始，请广大考生密切关注老师英语六级成绩查询栏目。
2016年12月英语六级(CET6)真题及答案(完整版))
2016年12月CET6大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析【官方完整版】Part I 写作Writing (30 minutes)Directions: Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation.You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】It is universally acknowledged that innovation refers to being creative, unique and different. In fact, today it is impossibly difficult for us to image a 21st century without innovation.We should place a high value on innovation firstly because innovative spirit can enable an individual to ameliorate himself, so he can be equipped with capacity to see what others cannot see, be qualified for future career promotion, and be ready for meeting the forthcoming challenges. What’s more, we ought to attach importance to the role played by innovation in economic advancement. Put it another way, in this ever-changing world, innovation to economic growth is what water is to fish. To sum up, if innovation misses our attention in any possible way, we will suffer a great loss beyond imagination.In order to encourage innovation, it is wise for us to take some feasible measures. For example, mass media should greatly publicize the significance of creative spirit and encourage the public to cultivate awareness of innovation. Besides, those who manage to innovate should be awarded generous prize. Though there is a long way ahead to go, I am firmly certain that the shared efforts will be paid off.【参考译文】众所周知创新意味着有创造力，独一无二和不同。
2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解(第1套)
2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解（第1套）Part I Writing审题思路本篇写作话题invention（发明）是考生日常生活中非常熟悉的话题，因此写起来并不困难。
根据写作要求，范文应分三段展开论述，且写作重点应该放在阐述发明的重要性和为鼓励发明应采取的措施两方面。
众所周知，发明对于推动社会进步具有重要意义，若要鼓励发明，首先应该使公众具备创造意识，了解发明的重要性，其次对发明者应给予奖励以鼓励其将创造精神发扬光大。
写作提纲一、引出话题并阐明发明的重要性1. 由古今生活的对比引出发明的重要性（modern life, ancient life, great importance, contributes to, advancement, society）2. 引用爱迪生发明灯泡的实例论证发明的重要性（examples, illustrate, Edison, light bulb, a life as the blind）二、为鼓励发明应采取的措施1. 社会传播媒介和宣传部门向公众宣扬发明的重要性（social media, publicity department, inform, importance of invention）2. 相关部门应该对发明者进行奖励（authorities, favorable regulations, encourage invention, giving premiums, issuing patent certificate）三、得出结论1. 引用名言强调发明的重要性（Invention, spirit, human being's progress）2. 要求我们不能低估发明的重要性,并号召大家发挥自己的创造精神（At no time should we underestimate the power of invention, make your own invention）高分范文My View on Invention①Drawing a comparison between modern life and ancient life, we cannot imagine what life will be like now without invention. ②Invention must be attached great importance to, as it is invention that contributes to the advancement of our society. ③There are several examples which can be cited to illustrate this concept. ④I can think of no better illustration than the following one. ⑤If Edison hadn't invented the light bulb, we would have lived a life as the blind in the night.⑥Given that invention plays such an essential role in our life, what can we do to cultivate this precious spirit? ⑦For one thing, it is advisable for the social media and publicity department to vigorously inform the public of the importance of invention. ⑧For another, the relevant authorities should set up favorable regulations to encourage invention. ⑨For example, they can set up the practice of giving premiums or issuing patent certificate to inventors.⑩Finally, I want to use the following saying as our mutual encouragement, “Invention is the spirit of human being's progress.”11 At no time should we underestimate the power of invention. 12 Therefore, when an idea comes to your mind, just make your own invention.精彩点评①②由古今生活的对比强调发明的重要性。
2016年12月六级真题(第2套)(答案)
2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解（第2套）Part I Writing审题思路这是一篇六级考试中常见的议论文。
本篇写作话题innovation(创新)一直以来都是个热点话题。
根据写作要求，范文应分三段展开论述，且写作重点应该放在阐述创新的重要性和培养创新的方法上。
联系实际可知，创新对于国家和个人都有重要意义，如何培养创新精神也应该是两方面共同努力的结果。
写作提纲一、引出话题并阐述创新的重要性1. 对社会的重要性（Innovation, significance, promote, advancement, society）2. 对个人的重要意义（essential quality, success, progress, possible, indulged in conservatism, stagnant）二、培养创新精神的措施1. 国家鼓励创新（government, encourage innovation, foster, continuous learning, breakthroughs）2. 个人增加知识储备（individuals, on rich, knowledge reserves, different methods, solving a problem）三、得出结论1. 牢记创新的重要性（commit it to our memory, significance）2. 在日常生活中培养创新精神（cultivate, habit, applying new thoughts, practice）高分范文My View on Innovation①I’m not sure if you have heard one of Steve Jobs’famous remarks, “Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower”, which stresses the significance of innovation. ②It goes without saying that innovation can promote the advancement of society and is the most essential quality for anyone who wants to achieve success. ③With innovation, any progress will be possible; however, once indulged in conservatism, everything will remain stagnant.④Therefore, by some means or other we must come to know how to be innovative. ⑤On the one hand, from the standpoint of a nation, the government should encourage innovation and foster the mindset of continuous learning. ⑥Only by doing this can our nation achieve new breakthroughs in all walks of life. ⑦On the other hand, from the perspective of individuals, we should enrich our knowledge reserves and arm ourselves with up-to-date knowledge. ⑧Only when we are equipped with vast stores of knowledge can we think out different methods when solving a problem.⑨We should always commit it to our memory that innovation is of great significance to us all. ⑩In our daily life, we need to cultivate the habit of applying new thoughts and methods into practice.精彩点评①引用乔布斯的名言引出本文主题——创新，并概述创新的重要意义。
2016年12月大学英语六级作文解析及范文
2016年12月大学英语六级作文解析及范文新东方在线武汉新东方韩勤勤六级作文一般而言有三大评分标准，“语言”“结构”“内容”。
今年的六级作文，不出意外，在形式结构上考查了笔者在六级强化班重点讲解的“议论文”和“图画文”之一，即文字型话题。
而内容上考查的是“创新”相关话题，属于个人精神品质。
因此，对于对于上过六级课程的小伙伴们，此次考题难度系数不大。
下面来具体解析：Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation/creation/invention. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation/creation/invention. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第一段：提出问题，引出创新的话题第二段：分析问题，具体解析创新的原因，即创新的重要性第三段：解决问题，具体解析鼓励创新的措施先讲解及格版作文思路：第一段，可以仿写“社会热点题”的首段写法，用一个with引导时间状语，作为大背景，进一步转到创新的话题。
即with the rapid development of the society, more and more people begin to realize the importance of innovation. Such as, a lot of new things appear in our daily life.第二段，按照课堂中所论证的总分结构，可以从两个或者三个层面论证为什么我们应该创新，也就是创新的重要性。
12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案(第一套)之欧阳数创编
2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay on invention.Youressay should include the importance ofinvention and measures to be taken to encourageinvention. You are required to write atleast 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear twolong conversations. At the end of eachconversation,you will hear four questions. Both the conversationand thequestions will be spoken only once. Afteryou hear a question, you mustchoose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A. It tries to predict the possible trends of global climate change.B. It studies the impacts of global climate change on people's lives.C. It links the science of climate change to economic and policy issues.D. It focuses on the efforts countries can make to deal with global warming.2. A. It will take a long time before a consensus is reached on its impact.B. It would be more costly to deal with its consequences than to avoid it.C. It is the most pressing issue confronting all countries.D. It is bound to cause endless disputes among nations.3. A. The transition to low-carbon energy systems.B. The cooperation among world major powers.C. The signing of a global agreement.D. The raising of people's awareness.4. A. Carry out more research on it.B. Cut down energy consumption.C. Plan well in advance.D. Adopt new technology.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A. When luck plays a role.B. what determines success.C. Whether practice makes perfect.D. How important natural talent is.6. A. It knocks at your door only once in a while.B. It is something that no one can possibly create.C. It comes naturally out of one's self-confidence.D. It means being good at seizing opportunities.7. A. Luck rarely contributes to a person's success.B. One must have natural talent to be successful.C. One should always be ready to seize opportunities.D. Practice is essential to becoming good at something.8. A. Putting time and effort into fun things is profitable.B. People who love what they do care little about money.C. Being passionate about work can make one wealthy.D. People in need of money work hard automatically.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hearthree or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with asingle line through the centre.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A. The stump of a giant tree.B. A huge piece of rock.C. The peak of a mountain.D. A tall chimney.10. A. Human activity.B. Wind and water.C. Chemical processes.D. Fire and fury.11. A. It is a historical monument.B. It was built in ancient times.C. It is Indians' sacred place for worship.D. It was created by supernatural powers.12. A. By sheltering them in a cave.B. By killing the attacking bears.C. By lifting them well above the ground.D. By taking them to the top of a mountain.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13. A. They will buy something from theconvenience stores.B. They will take advantage of the time to rest a while.C. They will have their vehicles washed or serviced.D. They will pick up some souvenirs or gift items.14. A. They can bring only temporary pleasures.B. They are meant for the extremely wealthy.C. They should be done away with altogether.D. They may eventually drive one to bankruptcy.15. A. A good way to socialize is to have daily lunch with one's colleagues.B. Retirement savings should come first in one's family budgeting.C. A vacation will be affordable if one saves20 dollars a week.D. Small daily savings can make a big difference in one's life.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed bythree orfour questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A. They should be done away with.B. They are necessary in our lives.C. They enrich our experience.D. They are harmful to health.17. A. They feel stressed out even without any challenges in life.B. They feel too overwhelmed to deal with life's problems.C. They are anxious to free themselves from life's troubles.D. They are exhausted even without doing any heavy work. ~18. A. They expand our mind.B. They prolong our lives.C. They narrow our focus.D.They lessen our burdensQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A. It is not easily breakable.B. It came from a 3D printer.C. It represents the latest style.D. It was made by a fashion designer.20. A. When she had just graduated from her college.B. When she attended a conference in New York.C. When she was studying at a fashion design school.D. When she attended a fashion show nine months ago.21. A. It was difficult to print.B. It was hard to come by.C. It was hard and breakable.D. It was extremely expensive.22. A. It is the latest model of a 3D printer.B. It is a plastic widely used in 3D printing.C. It gives fashion designers room forimagination.D. It marks a breakthrough in printing material.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recordingyou have just heard.23. A. They arise from the advances in technology.B. They have not been examined in detail so far.C. They are easy to solve with modern technology.D. They can't be solved without government support.24. A. It is attractive to entrepreneurs.B. It demands huge investment.C. It focuses on new products.D. It is intensely competitive.25. A.Cooperation with big companies.B. Recruiting more qualified staff.C. In-service training of IT personnel.D. Sharing of costs with each other.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bankmore than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.It is important that scientists be seen as normal people asking and answering important questions.Good, sound science depends on 26, experiments and reasoned methodologies. It requires awillingness to ask new questions and try new approaches. It requires one to take risks and experiencefailures. But good science also requires 27 understanding,clear explanation and concisepresentation.Our country needs more scientists who arewilling to step out in the public 28 and offer theiropinions on important matters. We need more scientists who can explain what they are doing inlanguage that is 29 and understandable to the public. Those of us who are not scientists should alsobe prepared to support public engagement by scientists, and to 30 scientific knowledge into ourpublic communications.Too many people in this country, including some among our elected leadership, still do notunderstand how science works or why robust, long-range investments in research vitally matter.In the1960s, the United States 31 nearly 17% of discretionary (可酌情支配的) spending to research anddevelopment,32 decades of economic growth. By 2008, the figure had fallen into the single33 This occurs at a time when other nations have made significant gains in their own researchcapabilities.At the University of California (UC), we 34 ourselves not only on the quality of our research,but also on its contribution to improving our world. To 35 the development of science fromthe labbench to the market place, UC is investing our own money in our own good ideas.A. ArenaB. contextualC. ConvincingD. devotedE. DigitsF. hastenG. HypothesesH. impairingI. IncorporateJ. indefiniteK. IndulgeL. inertiaM. PrideN. reapingO. WarrantSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Are We in an Innovation Lull?[A] Scan the highlights of this year's Consumer Electronics Show ( CES ), and you may get aslightfeeling of having seen them before. Many of the coolest gadgets this year are the same as thecoolest gadgets last year--or the year before, even. The booths are still exciting, and the demosare still just as crazy. It is still easy to be dazzled by the display of drones (无人机),3D printers,virtual reality goggles ( 眼镜) and more "smart" devices than you could ever hope to catalog.Upon reflection, however, it is equally easy to feel like you have seen it all before. And it is hardnot to think: Are we in an innovation lull ( 间歇期) ?[B] In some ways, the answer is yes. For years, smartphones, televisions, tablets, laptops anddesktops have made up a huge part of the market and driven innovation. But now these segmentsare looking at slower growth curves--or shrinking markets in some cases--as consumers are notas eager to spend money on new gadgets. Meanwhile, emerging technologies--the drones,3Dprinters and smart-home devices of the world--now seem a bit too old to be called "the next bigthing. "[C] Basically the tech industry seems to be in an awkward period now. "There is not any one-hitwonder, and there will not be one for years to come," said Gary Shapiro, president and chiefexecutive of the Consumer Technology Association (CTA). In his eyes, however, that doesn'tnecessarily mean that innovation has stopped. It has just grown up a little. "Many industries aregoing out of infancy and becoming adolescents," Shapiro said.[D] For instance, new technologies that are building upon existing technology have not found theirfooting well enough to appeal to a mass audience, because, in many cases, they need to workeffectively with other devices to realize their full appeal. Take the evolution of the smart home,for example. Companies are pushing it hard but make it almost overwhelming even to dip a toe inthe water for the average consumer, because there are so many compatibility issues to thinkabout. No average person wants to figure out whether their favorite calendar software works withtheir fridgeor whether their washing machine and tablet get along. Having to install a different appfor each smart appliance in your home is annoying; it would be nicer if you could manageeverything together. And while you may forgive your smartphone an occasional fault, youprobably have less patience for error messages from your door lock.[E] Companies are promoting their own standards, and the market has not had time to choose awinner yet as this is still very new. Companies that have long focused on hardware now have tothink of ecosystems instead to give consumers practical solutions to their everyday problems."The dialogue is changing from what is technologically possible to what is technologicallymeaningful," said economist Shawn DuBravac. DuBravac works for CTA--which puts on theshow each year--and said that this shift to a search for solutions has been noticeable as heresearched his predictions for 2016.[F] "So much of what CES has been about is the cool. It is about the flashiness and the gadgets,"said John Curran, managing director ofresearch at Accenture. "But over the last couple of years,and in this one in particular, we are starting to see companies shift from what is the largest screensize, the smallest form factor or the shiniest object and more into what all of these devices do thatis practical in a consumer's life. " Even the technology press conferences, which have been high-profile in the past and reached a level of drama and theatrics fitting for a Las Vegas stage, have adifferent bent to them. Rather than just dazzling with a high cool factor, there is a focus on thepractical. Fitbit, for example, released its first smartwatch Monday, selling with a clearpurpose--to improve your fitness--and promoting it as a "tool, not a toy. " Not only that, itsupports a number of platforms: Apple's iOS, Google's Android and Microsoft's Windows phone.[G] That seems to be what consumers are demanding, after all. Consumers are becoming increasinglybored with what companies have to offer: A survey of 28,000 consumers in 28 countries releasedby Accenture found consumers are not asexcited about technology as they once were. Forexample, when asked whether they would buy a new smartphone this year, only 48 percent saidyes--a six-point drop from 2015.[H] And when it comes to the hyper-connected super-smart world that technology firms are paintingfor us, it seems that consumers are growing more uneasy about handing over the massive amountsof consumer data needed to provide the personalized, customized solutions that companies needto improve their services. That could be another explanation for why companies seem to bestrengthening their talk of the practicality of their devices.[I] Companies have already won part of the battle, having driven tech into every part of our lives,tracking our steps and our very heartbeats. Yet the persistent question of " Why do I needthat?"--or, perhaps more tellingly, "Why do you need to know that?"--dogs the steps of manynew ventures. Only 13 percent of respondents said that they were interested in buying asmartwatch in 2016,for example--an increase of just one percent from the previous year despite ayear of high-profile launches. That is bad news for any firm that may hope that smartwatches canmake up ground for maturing smartphone and tablet markets. And the survey found flat demandfor fitness monitors, smart thermostats (恒温器) and connected home cameras, as well.[J] According to the survey, that lack of enthusiasm could stem from concerns about privacy andsecurity. Even among people who have bought connected devices of some kind,37 percent saidthat they are going to be more cautions about using these devices and services in the future. A full18 percent have even returned devices until they feel they can get safer guarantees against havingtheir sensitive information hacked.[K] That, too, explains the heavy Washington presence at this year's show, as these new technologiesintrude upon heavily regulated areas. In addition to many senior officials from the Federal Tradeand Federal Communications commissions,this year's list of policy makers also includesappearances from Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx, to talk about smart cities, and FederalAviation Administration Administrator Michael Huerta, to talk about drones.[L] Curran, the Accenture analyst, said that increased government interest in the show makes senseas technology becomes a larger part of our lives. "There is an incompatibility in the rate at whichthese are advancing relative to the way we're digesting it," he said. "Technology is becomingbigger and more aspirational, and penetrating almost every aspect of our lives. We have tounderstand and think about the implications, and balance these great innovations with thepotential downsides they naturally carry with them. "36. Consumers are often hesitant to try smart-home devices because they are worried aboutcompatibility problems.37. This year's electronics show featured the presence of many officials from the federalgovernment.38. The market demand for electronic devices is now either declining or not growing as fast as before.39. One analyst suggests it is necessary to accept both tlie positive and negative aspects of innovativeproducts.40. The Consumer Electronics Show in recent years has begun to focus more on the practical value thanthe showiness of electronic devices.41. Fewer innovative products were found at this year's electronic products show.42. Consumers are becoming more worried about giving personal information to tech companies to getcustomized products and services.43. The Consumer Technology Association is the sponsor of the annual Consumer Electronics Show.44. Many consumers wonder about the necessity of having their fitness monitored.45. The electronic industry is maturing even though no wonder products hit the market.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year heralded a new era for climate action.For the first time, the world's nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for morethan half of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports,we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countriesareessentially climate "free-riders": causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gasemissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate change's impact on food and water. In otherwords, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at thesame time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side, there are many "forced riders", who are suffering from the climate changeimpacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world's most climatevulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce a very smallquantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, whilethe heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.The Paris agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate changefor all, although the details on addressing"climate justice" can be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise "well below" 2~C is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver onthis.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations toreduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction betweendeveloped and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historicalemissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who isresponsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raisingthem will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating theglobal disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningfulmobilisationof the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions whilehelping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decidewhether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.46. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement becauseA. it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nationsB. it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ onlyC. it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countriesD. it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility47. Why does the author call some developed countries climate "free-riders"?A. They needn't worry about the food and water they consume.B. They are better able to cope with the global climate change.C. They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused.D. They are free from the greenhouse effects affecting "forced riders".48. Why does the author compare the "forced riders" to second-hand smokers?A. They have little responsibility for public health problems.B. They are vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions.C. They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.D. They are unaware of the potential risks they are confronting.49. What does the author say about the $100 billion funding?A. It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.B. There is no final agreement on where it will come from.C. There is no clarification of how the money will be spent.D. It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.50. what urgent action must be taken to realise the Paris climate agreement?A. Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative.B. Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.C. Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus.D. Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon (霓虹灯)sign. Their risky behaviors--drinking too much alcohol, using illegal drugs, smoking cigarettes andskipping school--can alert parents and teachersthat serious problems are brewing.But a new study finds that there's another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much dangerof experiencing the same psychiatric symptoms: teens who use tons of media, don't get enough sleepand have a sedentary (不爱活动的) lifestyle.Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warnsthat it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme who are truly in jeopardy.Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been dubbed the"invisible risk" group by the study's authors."In some ways they're at greater risk of falling through the cracks," says researcher VladimirCarli. "While most parents, teachers and clinicians would react to an adolescent using drugs or gettingdrunk, they may easily overlook teenagers who are engaging in inconspicuous behaviors."The study's authors surveyed 12,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors, includingexcessivealcohol use, illegal drug use, heavy smoking, high media use and truancy (逃学). Their aim was todetermine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers.About 58% of the students demonstrated none or few of the risk behaviors. Some 13% scored highon all nine of the risk behaviors. And 29%, the "invisible risk" group, scored high on three inparticular: They spent five hours a day or more on electronic devices. They slept six hours a night orless. And they neglected "other healthy activities."The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms ofdepression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of thelow-risk group. But the invisible group wasn't far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13% of themexhibiting depression.The findings caught Carli off guard. "We were very surprised," he says. "The high-risk groupandlow-risk group are obvious. But this third group was not only unexpected, it was so distinct and solarge--nearly one third of our sample--that it became a key finding of the study. "Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early-warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identification, supportand treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders.51. What does the author mean by saying "Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide oftenwear their troubles like a neon sign" (Lines 1 - 2, Para.1 ) ?A. Mental problems can now be found in large numbers of teenagers.B. Teenagers' mental problems are getting more and more attention.C. Teenagers' mental problems are often too conspicuous not to be observed.D. Depression and anxiety are the most commonsymptoms of mental problems.52. What is the finding of the new study?A. Teenagers' lifestyles have changed greatly in recent years.B. Many teenagers resort to drugs or alcohol for mental relief.C. Teenagers experiencing psychological problems tend to use a lot of media.D. Many hitherto unobserved youngsters may have psychological problems.53. Why do the researchers refer to teens who use tons of media, don't get enough sleep and have asedentary lifestyle as the "invisible risk" group?A. Their behaviors can be an invisible threat to society.B. Their behaviors do not constitute a warning signal.C. Their behaviors do not tend towards mental problems.D. Their behaviors can be found in almost all teenagers on earth.54. What does the new study find about theinvisible group?A. They are almost as liable to depression asthe high-risk group.B. They suffer from depression without showingany symptoms.C. They do not often demonstrate riskybehaviors as their peers.D. They do not attract the media attention thehigh-risk group does.55. What is the significance of VladimirCarli's study?A. It offers a new treatment for psychologicalproblems among teenagers.B. It provides new early-warning signals foridentifying teens in trouble.C. It may have found an ideal way to handleteenagers with behavioral problems.D. It sheds new light on how unhealthybehaviors trigger mental health problems.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.随着生活水平的提高，度假在中国人生活中的作用越来越重要。
2016年12月六级真题(第三套)
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人2016年12月大学英语六级考试（第3套）Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on innovation.Your essay should include the importance of creation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation.You are required to write at least150 words but no more than200words.（本次六级考试全国共考了两套听力，第三套的听力就是前面两套中的一套，故不在这里重复）Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the center.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The tree people in the Lord of the Rings—the Ents---can get around by walking.But for real trees,it’s harder to uproot.Because they’re literally rooted into the ground,they are unable to leave and go-26-.When a tree first starts growing in a certain area,it’s likely that the-27-envelope—the temperature,humidity, rainfall patterns and so on—suits it.Otherwise,it would be unable to grow from a seedling.But as it-28-,these conditions may change and the area around it may no longer be suitable for its-29-.When that happens,many trees like walnuts,oaks and pines,rely-30-on so-called“scatter hoarders,”such as birds,to move their seeds to new localities.Many birds like to store food for the winter,which they-31-retrieve. When the birds forget to retrieve their food---and they do sometimes—a seedling has a chance to grow.The bird Clark’s nutcracker,for example,hides up to100,000seeds per year,up to30kilometers away from the seed source, and has a very close symbiotic(共生的)relationship with several pine species,most32the whitebark pine.As trees outgrow their ideal-33-in the face of climate change,these flying ecosystem engineers could be a big help in-34-trees.It’s a solution for us—getting birds to do the work is cheap and effective—and it could give-35-oaks and pines the option to truly“make like a tree and leave.”A)ages B)breathing C)climatic D)elsewhere E)exclusivelyF)forever G)fruitful H)habitats I)legacy J)notablyK)offspring L)replanting M)subsequently N)vulnerable O)withdrawsSection BDirections:In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.The American Workplace Is Broken.Here’s How We Can Start Fixing It.[A]Americans are working longer and harder hours than ever before.83%of workers say they’re stressed about their jobs,nearly50%say work-related stress is interfering with their sleep,and60%use their smartphones to check in with work outside of normal working hours.No wonder only13%of employees worldwide feel engaged in their occupation.[B]Glimmers(少许)of hope,however,are beginning to emerge in this bruising environment:Americans are becoming aware of the toll their jobs take on them,and employers are exploring ways to alleviate the harmful effects of stress and overwork.Yet much more work remains to be done.To call stress an epidemic isn’t exaggeration.The 83%of American employees who are stressed about their jobs---up from73%just a year before—say that poor compensation and an unreasonable workload are their number-one sources of stress.And if you suspected that the workplace had gotten more stressful than it was just a few decades ago,you’re right.Stress levels increased18%for women and24%for men from1983to2009.Stress is also starting earlier in life,with some data suggesting that today’s teens are even more stressed than adults.梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人[C]Stress is taking a significant toll on our health,and the collective public health cost may be enormous. Occupational stress increases the risk of heart attack and diabetes,accelerates the aging process,decreases longevity, and contributes to depression and anxiety,among numerous other negative health outcomes.Overall,stress-related health problems account for up to90%of hospital visits,many of them preventable.Your job is“literally killing you,”as The Washington Post put it.It’s also hurting our relationships.Working parents say they feel stressed,tired,rushed and short on quality time with their children,friends and partners.[D]Seven in ten workers say they struggle to maintain work-life balance.As technology(and with it,work emails) seeps(渗入)into every aspect of our lives,work-life balance has become an almost meaningless term.Add a rapidly changing economy and an uncertain future to this24/7connectivity,and you’ve got a recipe for overwork,according to Phyllis Moen.“There’s rising work demand coupled with the insecurity of mergers,takeovers,downsizing and other factors，”Moen said.“Part of the work-life issue has to talk about uncertainty about the future.”[E]These factors have converged to create an increasingly impossible situation with many employees overworking to the point of burnout.It’s not only unsustainable for workers,but also for the companies that employ them.Science has shown a clear correlation between high stress levels in workers and absenteeism(旷工)，reduced productivity,disengagement and high turnover.Too many workplace policies effectively prohibit employees from developing a healthy work-life balance by barring them from taking time off,even when they need it most.[F]The U.S.trails far behind every wealthy nation and many developing ones that have family-friendly work policies including paid parental leave,paid sick days and breast-feeding support,according to a2007study.The U.S. is also the only advanced economy that does not guarantee workers paid vacation time,and it’s one of only two countries in the world that does not offer guaranteed paid maternity leave.But even when employees are given paid time off,workplace norms and expectations that pressure them to overwork often prevent them from taking it.Full-time employees who do have paid vacation days only use half of them on average.[G]Our modem workplaces also operate based on outdated time constraints.The practice of clocking in for an eight-hour workday is a leftover from the days of the Industrial Revolution,as reflected in the then-popular saying,“Eight hours labor,eight hours recreation,eight hours rest.”[H]We’ve held on to this workday structure—but thanks to our digital devices,many employees never really clock out.Today,the average American spends8.8hours at work daily,and the majority of working professionals spend additional hours checking in with work during evenings,weekends and even vacations.The problem isn’t the technology itself,but that the technology is being used to create more flexibility for the employer rather than the employee.In a competitive work environment,employers are able to use technology to demand more from their employees rather than motivating workers with flexibility that benefits them.[I]In a study published last year,psychologists coined the term“workplace telepressure”to describe an employee’s urge to immediately respond to emails and engage in obsessive thoughts about returning an email to one’s boss,colleagues or clients.The researchers found that telepressure is a major cause of stress at work,which over time contributes to physical and mental burnout.Of the300employees participating in the study,those who experienced high levels of telepressure were more likely to agree with statements assessing burnout,like“I’ve no energy for going to work in the morning,”and to report feeling fatigued and unfocused.Telepressure was also correlated with sleeping poorly and missing work.[J]Harvard Business School professor Leslie Perlow explains that when people feel the pressure to be always “on,”they find ways to accommodate that pressure,including altering their schedules,work habits and interactions with family and friends.Perlow calls this vicious cycle the“cycle of responsiveness”:Once bosses and colleagues experience an employee’s increased responsiveness,they increase their demands on the employee’s time.And because a failure to accept these increased demands indicates a lack of commitment to one’s work,the employee complies.[K]To address skyrocketing employee stress levels,many companies have implemented workplace wellness programs,partnering with health care providers that have created programs to promote employee health and well-being.Some research does suggest that these programs hold promise.A study of employees at health insurance provider Aetna revealed that roughly one quarter of those taking in-office yoga and mindfulness classes reported a 28%reduction in their stress levels and a20%improvement in sleep quality.These less-stressed workers gained an average of62minutes per week of productivity.While yoga and meditation(静思)are scientifically proven to reduce stress levels,these programs do little to target the root causes of burnout and disengagement.The conditions creating the stress are long hours,unrealistic demands and deadlines,and work-life conflict.梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人[L]Moen and her colleagues may have found the solution.In a2011study,she investigated the effects of implementing a Results Only Work Environment(ROWE)on the productivity and well-being of employees at Best Buy’s corporate headquarters.[M]For the study,325employees spent six months taking part in ROWE,while a control group of334 employees continued with their normal workflow.The ROWE participants were allowed to freely determine when, where and how they worked---the only thing that mattered was that they got the job done.The results were striking. After six months,the employees who participated in ROWE reported reduced work-family conflict and a better sense of control of their time,and they were getting a full hour of extra sleep each night.The employees were less likely to leave their jobs,resulting in reduced turnover.It’s important to note that the increased flexibility didn’t encourage them to work around the clock.“They didn’t work anywhere and all the time---they were better able to manage their work,”Moen said.“Flexibility and control is key,”she continued.36.Workplace norms pressure employees to overwork,deterring them from taking paid time off.37.The overwhelming majority of employees attribute their stress mainly to low pay and an excessive workload.38.According to Moen,flexibility gives employees better control over their work and time.39.Flexibility resulting from the use of digital devices benefits employers instead of employees.40.Research finds that if employees suffer from high stress,they will be less motivated,less productive and more likely to quit.41.In-office wellness programs may help reduce stress levels,but they are hardly an ultimate solution to the problem.42.Health problems caused by stress in the workplace result in huge public health expenses.43.If employees respond quickly to their job assignments,the employer is likely to demand more from them.44.With technology everywhere in our life,it has become virtually impossible for most workers to keep a balance between work and life.45.In America today,even teenagers suffer from stress,and their problem is even more serious than grown-ups’.Section CDirections:There are two passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B)，C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Dr.Donald Sadoway at MIT started his own battery company with the hope of changing the world’s energy future.It’s a dramatic endorsement for a technology most people think about only when their smartphone goes dark. But Sadoway isn’t alone in trumpeting energy storage as a missing link to a cleaner,more efficient,and more equitable energy future.Scientists and engineers have long believed in the promise of batteries to change the world.Advanced batteries are moving out of specialized markets and creeping into the mainstream,signaling a tipping point for forward-looking technologies such as electric cars and rooftop solar panels.The ubiquitous(无所不在的)battery has already come a long way,of course.For better or worse,batteries make possible our mobile-first lifestyles,our screen culture,our increasingly globalized world.Still,as impressive as all this is,it may be trivial compared with what comes next.Having already enabled a communications revolution,the battery is now poised to transform just about everything else.The wireless age is expanding to include not just our phones,tablets,and laptops,but also our cars,homes,and even whole communities.In emerging economies,rural communities are bypassing the wires and wooden poles that spread power.Instead,some in Africa and Asia are seeing their first lightbulbs illuminated by the power of sunlight stored in batteries.Today,energy storage is a$33billion global industry that generates nearly100gigawatt-hours of electricity per year.By the end of the decade,it’s expected to be worth over$50billion and generate160gigawatt-hours,enough to梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人attract the attention of major companies that might not otherwise be interested in a decidedly pedestrian technology. Even utility companies,which have long viewed batteries and alternative forms of energy as a threat,are learning to embrace the technologies as enabling rather than disrupting.Today’s battery breakthroughs come as the world looks to expand modem energy access to the billion or so people without it,while also cutting back on fuels that warm the planet.Those simultaneous challenges appear less overwhelming with increasingly better answers to a centuries-old question:how to make power portable.To be sure,the battery still has a long way to go before the nightly recharge completely replaces the weekly trip to the gas station.A battery-powered world comes with its own risks,too.What happens to the centralized electric grid,which took decades and billions of dollars to build,as more and more people become“prosumers,”who produce and consume their own energy onsite?No one knows which---if any---battery technology will ultimately dominate,but one thing remains clear.The future of energy is in how we store it.46.What does Dr.Sadoway think of energy storage?A)It involves the application of sophisticated technology.B)It is the direction energy development should follow.C)It will prove to be a profitable business.D)It is a technology benefiting everyone.47.What is most likely to happen when advanced batteries become widely used?A)Mobile-first lifestyles will become popular.B)The globalization process will be accelerated.C)Communications will take more diverse forms.D)The world will undergo revolutionary changes.48.In some rural communities of emerging economies,people have begun to.A)find digital devices simply indispensableB)communicate primarily by mobile phoneC)light their homes with stored solar energyD)distribute power with wires and wooden poles49.Utility companies have begun to realize that battery technologies.A)benefit their businessB)transmit power fasterC)promote innovationD)encourage competition50.What does the author imply about the centralized electric grid?A)It might become a thing of the past.B)It might turn out to be a“prosumer.”C)It will be easier to operate and maintain.D)It will have to be completely transformed.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人More than100years ago,American sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois was concerned that race was being used as a biological explanation for what he understood to be social and cultural differences between different populations of people.He spoke out against the idea of“white”and“black”as distinct groups,claiming that these distinctions ignored the scope of human diversity.Science would favor Du Bois.Today,the mainstream belief among scientists is that race is a social construct without biological meaning.In an article published in the journal Science,four scholars say racial categories need to be phased out.“Essentially，I could not agree more with the authors,”said Svante Paabo,a biologist and director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany.In one example that demonstrated genetic differences were not fixed along racial lines,the full genomes(基因组)of James Watson and Craig Venter,two famous American scientists of European ancestry,were compared to that of a Korean scientist,Seong-Jin Kim.It turned out that Watson and Venter shared fewer variations in their genetic sequences than they each shared with Kim.Michael Yudell,a professor of public health at Drexel University in Philadelphia,said that modem genetics research is operating in a paradox:on the one hand,race is understood to be a useful tool to illuminate human genetic diversity,but on the other hand,race is also understood to be a poorly defined marker of that diversity.Assumptions about genetic differences between people of different races could be particularly dangerous in a medical setting.“If you make clinical predictions based on somebody’s race,you’re going to be wrong a good chunk of the time,Yudell told Live Science.In the paper,he and his colleagues used the example of cystic fibrosis,which is underdiagnosed in people of African ancestry because it is thought of as a“white”disease.So what other variables could be used if the racial concept is thrown out?Yudell said scientists need to get more specific with their language,perhaps using terms like“ancestry”or“population”that might more precisely reflect the relationship between humans and their genes,on both the individual and population level.The researchers also acknowledged that there are a few areas where race as a construct might still be useful in scientific research:as a political and social,but not biological,variable.“While we argue phasing out racial terminology(术语)in the biological sciences,we also acknowledge that using race as a political or social category to study racism,although filled with lots of challenges,remains necessary given our need to understand how structural inequities and discrimination produce health disparities(差异)between groups.”.Yudell said51.Du Bois was opposed to the use of race as.A)a basis for explaining human genetic diversityB)an aid to understanding different populationsC)an explanation for social and cultural differencesD)a term to describe individual human characteristics52.The study by Svante Paabo served as an example to show.A)modem genetics research is likely to fuel racial conflictsB)race is a poorly defined marker of human genetic diversityC)race as a biological term can explain human genetic diversityD)genetics research should consider social and cultural variables53.The example of the disease cystic fibrosis underdiagnosed in people of African ancestry demonstrates thatA)it is absolutely necessary to put race aside in making diagnosisB)it is important to include social variables in genetics research.C)racial categories for genetic diversity could lead to wrong clinical predictionsD)discrimination against black people may cause negligence in clinical treatment梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人54.What is Yudell’s suggestion to scientists?A)They be more precise with the language they use.B)They refrain from using politically sensitive terms.C)They throw out irrelevant concepts in their research.D)They examine all possible variables in their research.55.What can be inferred from Yudell’s remark in the last paragraph?A)Clinging to racism prolongs inequity and discrimination.B)Physiological disparities are quite striking among races.C)Doing away with racial discrimination is challenging.D)Racial terms are still useful in certain fields of study.Part IV Translation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.农业是中国的一个重要产业，从业者超过3亿。
16年12月六级第1套真题及答案详解20页
2016年12月大学英语六级真题(第1套) PartⅠWriting(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on invention.Your essay should include the importance of invention and measures to be taken to encourage invention.You are required to write at least150words but no more than200words.PartⅡListening Comprehension(30minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1 A.It tries to predict the possible trends of global climate change.B.It studies the impacts of global climate change on people’s lives.C.It links the science of climate change to economic and policy issues.D.It focuses on the efforts countries can make to deal with global warming.2 A.It will take a long time before a consensus is reached on its impact.B.It would be more costly to deal with its consequences than to avoid it.C.It is the most pressing issue confronting all countries.D.It is bound to cause endless disputes among nations.3 A.The transition to low-carbon energy systems. B.The cooperation among world major powers.C.The signing of a global agreement.D.The raising of people’s awareness.4 A.Carry out more research on it. B.Cut down energy consumption.C.Plan well in advance.D.Adopt new technology.Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5 A.When luck plays a role. B.what determines success.C.Whether practice makes perfect.D.How important natural talent is.6 A.It knocks at your door only once in a while. B.It is something that no one can possibly create.C.It comes naturally out of one's self-confidence.D.It means being good at seizing opportunities.7 A.Luck rarely contributes to a person's success.B.One must have natural talent to be successful.C.One should always be ready to seize opportunities.D.Practice is essential to becoming good at something.8 A.Putting time and effort into fun things is profitable.B.People who love what they do care little about money.C.Being passionate about work can make one wealthy.D.People in need of money work hard automatically.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions9to12are based on the passage you have just heard.9 A.The stump of a giant tree. B.A huge piece of rock.C.The peak of a mountain.D.A tall chimney.10 A.Human activity. B.Wind and water.C.Chemical processes.D.Fire and fury.11 A.It is a historical monument. B.It was built in ancient times.C.It is Indians'sacred place for worship.D.It was created by supernatural powers.12 A.By sheltering them in a cave. B.By killing the attacking bears.C.By lifting them well above the ground.D.By taking them to the top of a mountain. Questions13to15are based on the passage you have just heard.13 A.They will buy something from the convenience stores.B.They will take advantage of the time to rest a while.C.They will have their vehicles washed or serviced.D.They will pick up some souvenirs or gift items.14 A.They can bring only temporary pleasures.B.They are meant for the extremely wealthy.C.They should be done away with altogether.D.They may eventually drive one to bankruptcy.15 A.A good way to socialize is to have daily lunch with one's colleagues.B.Retirement savings should come first in one's family budgeting.C.A vacation will be affordable if one saves20dollars a week.D.Small daily savings can make a big difference in one's life.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.16 A.They should be done away with. B.They are necessary in our lives.C.They enrich our experience.D.They are harmful to health.17 A.They feel stressed out even without any challenges in life.B.They feel too overwhelmed to deal with life's problems.C.They are anxious to free themselves from life's troubles.D.They are exhausted even without doing any heavy work.18 A.They expand our mind. B.They prolong our lives.C.They narrow our focus.D.They lessen our burdensQuestions19to22are based on the recording you have just heard.19 A.It is not easily breakable. B.It came from a3D printer.C.It represents the latest style.D.It was made by a fashion designer.20 A.When she had just graduated from her college.B.When she attended a conference in New York.C.When she was studying at a fashion design school.D.When she attended a fashion show nine months ago.21 A.It was difficult to print. B.It was hard to come by.C.It was hard and breakable.D.It was extremely expensive.22 A.It is the latest model of a3D printer. B.It is a plastic widely used in3D printing.C.It gives fashion designers room for imagination.D.It marks a breakthrough in printing material. Questions23to25are based on the recording you have just heard.23 A.They arise from the advances in technology.B.They have not been examined in detail so far.C.They are easy to solve with modern technology.D.They can't be solved without government support.24 A.It is attractive to entrepreneurs. B.It demands huge investment.C.It focuses on new products.D.It is intensely competitive.25 A.Cooperation with big companies. B.Recruiting more qualified staff.C.In-service training of IT personnel.D.Sharing of costs with each other.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.It is important that scientists be seen as normal people asking and answering important questions. Good,sound science depends on26,experiments and reasoned methodologies.It requires a willingness to ask new questions and try new approaches.It requires one to take risks and experience failures.But good science also requires27understanding,clear explanation and concise presentation.Our country needs more scientists who are willing to step out in the public28and offer their opinions on important matters.We need more scientists who can explain what they are doing in language that is29and understandable to the public.Those of us who are not scientists should also be prepared to support public engagement by scientists,and to30scientific knowledge into our public communications.Too many people in this country,including some among our elected leadership,still do not understand how science works or why robust,long-range investments in research vitally matter.In the1960s,the United States31nearly17%of discretionary(可酌情支配的)spending to research and development,32decades of economic growth.By2008,the figure had fallen into the single33 This occurs at a time when other nations have made significant gains in their own research capabilities.At the University of California(UC),we34ourselves not only on the quality of our research,but also on its contribution to improving our world.To35the development of science from the lab bench to the market place,UC is investing our own money in our own good ideas.A)arena B)contextual C)convincing D)devoted E)digitsF)hasten G)hypotheses H)impairing I)incorporate J)indefiniteK)indulge L)inertia M)pride N)reaping O)warrantSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Are We in an Innovation Lull?[A]Scan the highlights of this year's Consumer Electronics Show(CES),and you may get a slight feeling of having seen them before.Many of the coolest gadgets this year are the same as the coolest gadgets last year--or the year before,even.The booths are still exciting,and the demos are still just as crazy.It is still easy to be dazzled by the display of drones(无人机),3D printers,virtual reality goggles(眼镜)and more "smart"devices than you could ever hope to catalog.Upon reflection,however,it is equally easy to feel like you have seen it all before.And it is hard not to think:Are we in an innovation lull(间歇期)? [B]In some ways,the answer is yes.For years,smartphones,televisions,tablets,laptops and desktops have made up a huge part of the market and driven innovation.But now these segments are looking at slower growth curves--or shrinking markets in some cases--as consumers are not as eager to spend money on new gadgets.Meanwhile,emerging technologies--the drones,3D printers and smart-home devices of the world--now seem a bit too old to be called"the next big thing."[C]Basically the tech industry seems to be in an awkward period now."There is not any one-hit wonder, and there will not be one for years to come,"said Gary Shapiro,president and chief executive of the Consumer Technology Association(CTA).In his eyes,however,that doesn't necessarily mean that innovation has stopped.It has just grown up a little."Many industries are going out of infancy and becoming adolescents,"Shapiro said.[D]For instance,new technologies that are building upon existing technology have not found their footing well enough to appeal to a mass audience,because,in many cases,they need to work effectively with other devices to realize their full appeal.Take the evolution of the smart home,for panies are pushing it hard but make it almost overwhelming even to dip a toe in the water for the average consumer, because there are so many compatibility issues to think about.No average person wants to figure out whether their favorite calendar software works with their fridge or whether their washing machine and tablet get along.Having to install a different app for each smart appliance in your home is annoying;it would be nicer if you could manage everything together.And while you may forgive your smartphone an occasional fault,you probably have less patience for error messages from your door lock.[E]Companies are promoting their own standards,and the market has not had time to choose a winner yet as this is still very panies that have long focused on hardware now have to think of ecosystems instead to give consumers practical solutions to their everyday problems."The dialogue is changing from what is technologically possible to what is technologically meaningful,"said economist Shawn DuBravac. DuBravac works for CTA--which puts on the show each year--and said that this shift to a search for solutions has been noticeable as he researched his predictions for2016.[F]"So much of what CES has been about is the cool.It is about the flashiness and the gadgets,"said John Curran,managing director of research at Accenture."But over the last couple of years,and in this one in particular,we are starting to see companies shift from what is the largest screen size,the smallest form factor or the shiniest object and more into what all of these devices do that is practical in a consumer's life. "Even the technology press conferences,which have been high-profile in the past and reached a level of drama and theatrics fitting for a Las Vegas stage,have a different bent to them.Rather than just dazzling with a high cool factor,there is a focus on the practical.Fitbit,for example,released its first smartwatch Monday,selling with a clear purpose--to improve your fitness--and promoting it as a"tool,not a toy."Not only that,it supports a number of platforms:Apple's iOS,Google's Android and Microsoft's Windows phone.[G]That seems to be what consumers are demanding,after all.Consumers are becoming increasingly bored with what companies have to offer:A survey of28,000consumers in28countries released by Accenture found consumers are not as excited about technology as they once were.For example,whenasked whether they would buy a new smartphone this year,only48percent said yes--a six-point drop from 2015.[H]And when it comes to the hyper-connected super-smart world that technology firms are painting for us, it seems that consumers are growing more uneasy about handing over the massive amounts of consumer data needed to provide the personalized,customized solutions that companies need to improve their services.That could be another explanation for why companies seem to be strengthening their talk of the practicality of their devices.[I]Companies have already won part of the battle,having driven tech into every part of our lives,tracking our steps and our very heartbeats.Yet the persistent question of"Why do I need that?"--or,perhaps more tellingly,"Why do you need to know that?"--dogs the steps of many new ventures.Only13percent of respondents said that they were interested in buying a smartwatch in2016,for example--an increase of just one percent from the previous year despite a year of high-profile launches.That is bad news for any firm that may hope that smartwatches can make up ground for maturing smartphone and tablet markets.And the survey found flat demand for fitness monitors,smart thermostats(恒温器)and connected home cameras,as well.[J]According to the survey,that lack of enthusiasm could stem from concerns about privacy and security. Even among people who have bought connected devices of some kind,37percent said that they are going to be more cautions about using these devices and services in the future.A full18percent have even returned devices until they feel they can get safer guarantees against having their sensitive information hacked. [K]That,too,explains the heavy Washington presence at this year's show,as these new technologies intrude upon heavily regulated areas.In addition to many senior officials from the Federal Trade and Federal Communications commissions,this year's list of policy makers also includes appearances from Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx,to talk about smart cities,and Federal Aviation Administration Administrator Michael Huerta,to talk about drones.[L]Curran,the Accenture analyst,said that increased government interest in the show makes sense as technology becomes a larger part of our lives."There is an incompatibility in the rate at which these are advancing relative to the way we're digesting it,"he said."Technology is becoming bigger and more aspirational,and penetrating almost every aspect of our lives.We have to understand and think about the implications,and balance these great innovations with the potential downsides they naturally carry with them."36.Consumers are often hesitant to try smart-home devices because they are worried about compatibility problems.37.This year's electronics show featured the presence of many officials from the federal government.38.The market demand for electronic devices is now either declining or not growing as fast as before.39.One analyst suggests it is necessary to accept both the positive and negative aspects of innovative products.40.The Consumer Electronics Show in recent years has begun to focus more on the practical value than the showiness of electronic devices.41.Fewer innovative products were found at this year's electronic products show.42.Consumers are becoming more worried about giving personal information to tech companies to get customized products and services.43.The Consumer Technology Association is the sponsor of the annual Consumer Electronics Show.44.Many consumers wonder about the necessity of having their fitness monitored.45.The electronic industry is maturing even though no wonder products hit the market.Directions:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year heralded a new era for climate action.For the first time,the world's nations agreed to keep global warming well below2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations.Fewer than4%of countries are responsible for more than half of the world's greenhouse gas emissions.In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports,we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.Developed nations such as Australia,the United States,Canada,and European countries are essentially climate"free-riders":causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions,while incurring few of the costs such as climate change's impact on food and water.In other words,a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels,while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side,there are many"forced riders",who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem.Many of the world's most climatevulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states,produce a very small quantity of emissions.This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke,while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.The Paris agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all,although the details on addressing"climate justice"can be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise"well below"2~C is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.More than$100billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions.However,the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions,effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or,importantly,who is responsible for their provision.Securing these funds,and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most.There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.46.The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because______A.it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nationsB.it aims to keep temperature rise below2℃onlyC.it is beneficial to only fewer than4%of countriesD.it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility47.Why does the author call some developed countries climate"free-riders"?A.They needn't worry about the food and water they consume.B.They are better able to cope with the global climate change.C.They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused.D.They are free from the greenhouse effects affecting"forced riders".48.Why does the author compare the"forced riders"to second-hand smokers?A.They have little responsibility for public health problems.B.They are vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions.C.They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.D.They are unaware of the potential risks they are confronting.49.What does the author say about the$100billion funding?A.It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.B.There is no final agreement on where it will come from.C.There is no clarification of how the money will be spent.D.It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.50.what urgent action must be taken to realise the Paris climate agreement?A.Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative.B.Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.C.Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus.D.Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.Teenagers at risk of depression,anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon(霓虹灯)sign. Their risky behaviors--drinking too much alcohol,using illegal drugs,smoking cigarettes and skipping school--can alert parents and teachers that serious problems are brewing.But a new study finds that there's another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same psychiatric symptoms:teens who use tons of media,don't get enough sleep and have a sedentary(不爱活动的)lifestyle.Of course,that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet.But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme who are truly in jeopardy.Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag,these young people have been dubbed the"invisible risk" group by the study's authors."In some ways they're at greater risk of falling through the cracks,"says researcher Vladimir Carli. "While most parents,teachers and clinicians would react to an adolescent using drugs or getting drunk,they may easily overlook teenagers who are engaging in inconspicuous behaviors."The study's authors surveyed12,395students and analyzed nine risk behaviors,including excessive alcohol use,illegal drug use,heavy smoking,high media use and truancy(逃学).Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers.About58%of the students demonstrated none or few of the risk behaviors.Some13%scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors.And29%,the"invisible risk"group,scored high on three in particular:They spent five hours a day or more on electronic devices.They slept six hours a night or less.And they neglected"other healthy activities."The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression;in all,nearly15%of this group reported being depressed,compared with just4%of the low-risk group.But the invisible group wasn't far behind the high-risk set,with more than13%of themexhibiting depression.The findings caught Carli off guard."We were very surprised,"he says."The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious.But this third group was not only unexpected,it was so distinct and so large--nearly one third of our sample--that it became a key finding of the study."Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early-warning signs for parents,teachers and mental health-care providers.And early identification,support and treatment for mental health issues,he says,are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders. 51.What does the author mean by saying"Teenagers at risk of depression,anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon sign"(Lines1-2,Para.1)?A.Mental problems can now be found in large numbers of teenagers.B.Teenagers'mental problems are getting more and more attention.C.Teenagers'mental problems are often too conspicuous not to be observed.D.Depression and anxiety are the most common symptoms of mental problems.52.What is the finding of the new study?A.Teenagers'lifestyles have changed greatly in recent years.B.Many teenagers resort to drugs or alcohol for mental relief.C.Teenagers experiencing psychological problems tend to use a lot of media.D.Many hitherto unobserved youngsters may have psychological problems.53.Why do the researchers refer to teens who use tons of media,don't get enough sleep and have a sedentary lifestyle as the"invisible risk"group?A.Their behaviors can be an invisible threat to society.B.Their behaviors do not constitute a warning signal.C.Their behaviors do not tend towards mental problems.D.Their behaviors can be found in almost all teenagers on earth.54.What does the new study find about the invisible group?A.They are almost as liable to depression as the high-risk group.B.They suffer from depression without showing any symptoms.C.They do not often demonstrate risky behaviors as their peers.D.They do not attract the media attention the high-risk group does.55.What is the significance of Vladimir Carli’s study?A.It offers a new treatment for psychological problems among teenagers.B.It provides new early-warning signals for identifying teens in trouble.C.It may have found an ideal way to handle teenagers with behavioral problems.D.It sheds new light on how unhealthy behaviors trigger mental health problems.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.随着生活水平的提高，度假在中国人生活中的作用越来越重要。
发明的六级英语作文
发明的六级英语作文Innovation: A Catalyst for ProgressIn the heart of human endeavor lies the spirit of invention. It is this drive to create and innovate that has propelled us from the Stone Age to the Information Age. The invention of the wheel, the printing press, the steam engine, and more recently, the internet, have all been pivotal in shaping our world. In this essay, I will explore the role of invention in advancing society and the importance of nurturing an environment where creativity and innovation can flourish.Firstly, inventions have been the cornerstone of technological advancements. Take, for instance, the invention of the computer. It revolutionized the way we process information, communicate, and conduct business. The subsequent development of the internet has connected the world in ways that were previously unimaginable, enabling instant communication and access to a wealth of knowledge at our fingertips.Secondly, inventions have a profound impact on our daily lives. From the simple light bulb that illuminates our homes to the complex medical devices that save lives, inventions have made our lives more comfortable, efficient, and longer. They have also democratized education and information, making it accessible to people regardless of their geographical location or socioeconomic status.Moreover, inventions are a testament to human ingenuity and creativity. They inspire us to think beyond the ordinary and to challenge the status quo. This spirit of innovation is not just confined to technology; it extends to art, literature, and every field of human endeavor. It is this drive to innovate that has led to breakthroughs in medicine, space exploration, and environmental conservation.However, for invention to thrive, it requires an environment that encourages curiosity, risk-taking, and perseverance. Education plays a crucial role in fostering these qualities. It should not just be about imparting knowledge but also about nurturing creativity and critical thinking. Schools and universities should encourage students to question, explore, and experiment.In addition, governments and institutions should invest in research and development. They should create policies that protect intellectual property rights and provide incentives for inventors and innovators. This will not only encourage more people to pursue their ideas but also attract investment in innovative projects.In conclusion, invention is the lifeblood of progress. It is the engine that drives us forward, pushing the boundaries of what is possible. As we stand on the precipice of new technological revolutions, such as artificial intelligence and quantum computing, it is imperative that we continue to foster an environment that supports and celebrates invention.It is through our collective efforts to innovate that we will continue to shape a better future for generations to come.。
大学英语作文-写作-发明[写作真题]
![大学英语作文-写作-发明[写作真题]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/67c762b56529647d2628520e.png)
大学英语作文写作:发明[写作真题]2016年12月大学英语六级写作真题参考范文：发明（文都教育版）【题目】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on invention. Your essay should include the importance of invention and measures to be taken to encourage invention.You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】Of all the elements that promote the development of our society, perhaps the most far-reaching has been invention. It is difficult to the point of impossibility for people to imagine a time without invention because it is the invention that enhances our society in all aspects.Invention indeed plays an essential role in our life. Had it not been for it, we could not have lived in a modern society. Invention is momentous and fundamental to people what the soul is vital and significant to us. Given this, what can we do to cultivate this precious spirit ?The measures, to my mind, are listed as following. To begin with, the authorities concerned should set up favorable laws and regulations to encourage invention.For example, we can set up the practice of giving premiums to inventors. What is more, the public are expected to realize the significance of invention, so that they can try their best to invent things. Last but not least, the press should place more value on invention. Though there is a long way to go, I firmly believe that our combined efforts will be rewarded at last.【参考译文】在促使社会发展的所有因素中，也许最有影响力的就是发明。
2016年12月英语六级考试真题及答案
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) It tries to predict the possible trends of global climate change.B) It studies the impacts of global climate change on people’s lives.C) It links the science of climate change to economic and policy issues.D) It focuses on the efforts countries can make to deal with global warming.2.A) It will take a long time before a consensus is reached on its impact.B) It would be more costly to deal with its consequences than to avoid it.C) It is the most pressing issue confronting all countries.D) It is bound to cause endless disputes among nations.3.A) The transition to low-carbon energy systems.B) The cooperation among world major powers.C) The signing of a global agreement.D) The raising of people’s awareness.4.A) Carry out more research on it.B) Plan well in advance.C) Cut down energy consumption.D) Adopt new technology.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A) When luck plays a role.B) What determines success.C) Whether practice makes perfect.D) How important natural talent is.6.A) It knocks at your door only once in a while.B) It is something that no one can possibly create.C) It comes naturally out of one’s self-confidence.D) It means being good at seizing opportunities.7.A) Luck rarely contributes to a person’s success.B) One must have natural talent to be successful.C) One should always be ready to seize opportunities.D) Practice is essential to becoming good at something.8.A) Putting time and effort into fun things is profitable.B) People who love what they do care little about money.C) Being passionate about work can make one wealthy.D) People in need of money work hard automatically.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) The stump of a giant tree.B) A huge piece of rock.C) The peak of a mountain.D) A tall chimney.10.A) Human activity.B) Wind and water.C) Chemical processes.D) Fire and fury.11.A) It is a historical monument.B) It was built in ancient times.C) It is Indians’sacred place for worship.D) It was created by supernatural powers.12.A) By sheltering them in a cave.B) By killing the attacking bears.C) By lifting them well above the ground.D) By taking them to the top of a mountain.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13.A)They will buy something from the convenience stores.B) They will take advantage of the time to rest a while.C) They will have their vehicles washed or serviced.D) They will pick up some souvenirs or gift items.14.A) They can bring only temporary pleasures.B) They are meant for the extremely wealthy.C) They should be done away with altogether.D) They may eventually drive one to bankruptcy.15.A) A good way to socialize is to have daily lunch with one’s colleagues.B) Retirement savings should come first in one’s family budgeting.C) A vacation will be affordable if one saves 20 dollars a week.D) Small daily savings can make a big difference in one’s life.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A) They should be done away with.B) They are necessary in our lives.C) They enrich our experience.D) They are harmful to health.17.A) They feel stressed out even without any challenges in life.B) They feel too overwhelmed to deal with life’s problems.C) They are anxious to free themselves from life’s troubles.D) They are exhausted even without doing any heavy work.18.A) They expand our mind.B) They prolong our lives.C) They narrow our focus.D) They lessen our burdens.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A) It is not easily breakable.B) It came from a 3D printer.C) It represents the latest style.D) It was made by a fashion designer.20.A) When she had just graduated from her college.B) When she attended a conference in New YorkC) When she was studying at a fashion design school.D) When she attended a fashion show nine months ago21.A) It was difficult to print.B) It was hard to come by.C) It was hard and breakable.D) It was extremely expensive.22.A)It is the latest model of a 3D printer.B)It is a plastic widely used in 3D printing.C)It gives fashion designers room for imagination.D)It marks a breakthrough in printing material.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)They arise from the advances in technology.B)They have not been examined in detail so far.C)They are easy to solve with modern technology.D)They can’t be solved without government support.24.A)It is attractive to entrepreneurs.B)It demands huge investment.C)It focuses on new products.D)It is intensely competitive.25.A)Cooperation with big companies.B)Recruiting more qualified staff.C)In-service training of IT personnel.D)Sharing of costs with each other.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select out one word for each blank from a lot of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Small communities, with their distinctive character—where life is stable and intensely human—are disappearing. Some have __26____ from the face of the earth, others are dying slowly, but all have ___27___ changes as they have come into contact with an ___28___ machine civilization. The merging of diverse peoples into a common mass has produced tension among members of the minorities and the majority alike.The Old Order Amish, who arrived on American shores in colonial times, have ___29___ in the modern world in distinctive, small communities. They have resisted the homogenization ___30___ more successfully than others. In planting and harvest times one can see their bearded men working the fields with horses and their women hanging out the laundry in neat rows to dry. Many American people have seen Amish families with the men wearing broad-brimmed black hats and the women in long dresses. In railway or bus ___31___.Although the Amish have lived with ___32___ America for over two and a half centuries. They have moderated its influence on their personal lives, their families, communities, and their values.The Amish are often ___33___ by other Americans to be relics of the past who live a simple, inflexible life dedicated to inconvenient out-dated customs. They are seen as abandoning both modem ___34___ and theAmerican dream of success and progress, But most people have no quarrel with the Amish for doing things the old-fashioned way. Their conscientious objection was tolerated in wartime. For after all. They are good farmers who ___35___ the virtues of work and thrift.A)accessing I)progressB)conveniences J)respectiveC)destined K)survivedD)expanding L)terminalsE)industrialized M)undergoneF)perceived N)universalG)practice O)vanishedH)processSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Countries Rush for Upper Hand in AntarcticaA) On a glacier-filled island with fjords(峡湾)and elephant seals, Russia has built Antarctica’s first Orthodox church on a bill overlooking its research base. Less than an hour away by snowmobile. Chinese laborers have updated the Great Wall Station, a vital part of China’s plan to operate five basses on Antarctica, complete with an indoor badminton court and sleeping quarters for 150 people. Not to be outdone, India’s futuristic new Bharathi base, built on stills(桩子)using 134 interlocking shipping containers, resembles a spaceship. Turkey and Iran have announced plans to build bases, too.B) More than a century has passed since explorers raced to plant their flags at the bottom of the world, and for decades to come this continent is supposed to be protected as a scientific preserve, shielded from intrusions like military activities and mining . But an array of countries are rushing to assert greater influence here, with an eye not just towards the day those protective treaties expire, but also for the strategic and commercial that already exist.C) The newer players are stepping into what they view as a treasure house of resources. Some of the ventures focus on the Antarctic resources that are already up for grabs, like abundant sea life. South Korea, which operates state-of–the-art bases here, is increasing its fishing of krill(磷虾)，found in abundance in the Southern Ocean, while Russia recently frustrated efforts to create one of the world’s largest ocean sanctuaries here.D) Some scientists are examining the potential for harvesting icebergs form Antarctica, which is estimated to have the biggest reserves of fresh water on the planet. Nations are also pressing ahead with space research and satellite projects to expand their global navigation abilities.E) Building on a Soviet-era foothold, Russia is expanding its monitoring stations for Glonass, its version of the Global Positioning System(GPS). At least three Russian stations are already operating in Antarctica, part of its effort to challenge the dominance of the American GPS, and new stations are planned for sites like the Russian base, in the shadow of the Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity.F) Elsewhere in Antarctica, Russian researchers boast of their recent discovery of a freshwater reserve the size of Lake Ontario after drilling through miles of solid ice. “You can see that we’re here to stay,”said Vladimir Cheberdak, 57, chief of the Bellingshausen Station, as he sipped tea under a portrait of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, a high-ranking officer in the Imperial Russian Navy who explored the Antarctic coast in 1820.G) Antarctica’s mineral, oil and gas wealth are a longer-term prize. The treaty banning mining here, shielding coveted(令人垂诞的)reserves of iron ore, coal and chromium, comes up for review in 2048. Researchers recently found kimberlite(金伯利岩) deposits hinting at the existence of diamonds. And while assessments vary widely, geologists estimate that Antarctica holds at least 36 billion barrels of oil and natural gas.H) Beyond the Antarctic treaties, huge obstacles persist to tapping these resources, like drifting icebergsthat could jeopardize offshore platforms. Then there is Antarctic’s remoteness, with some mineral deposits found in windswept locations on a continent that is larger the Europe and where winter temperatures hover around minus 55 degrees Celsius.I) But advances in technology might make Antarctica a lot more accessible three decades from now. And even before then, scholars warn, the demand for resources in an energy-hungry world could raise pressure to renegotiate Antarctica’s treaties, possibly allowing more commercial endeavours here well before the prohibitions against them expire. The research stations on King George lsland offer a glimpse into the long game on this ice-blanketed continent as nations assert themselves, eroding the sway long held by countries like the United States, Britain. Australia and New Zealand.J) Being stationed in Antarctica involves adapting to life on the planet’s driest, windiest and coldest continent, yet each nation manages to make itself at home. Bearded Russian priests offer regular services at the Orthodox church for the 16 or so Russian speakers who spend the winter at the base, largely polar scientists in fields like glaciology and meteorology. Their number climbs to about 40 in the warmer summer months. China has arguably the fastest growing operations in Antarctica. It opened its fourth station last year and is pressing ahead with plans to build a fifth. It is building its second ice-breaking ship and setting up research drilling operations on an ice dome 13,422 feet above sea level that is one the planet’s coldest places. Chinese officials say the expansion in Antarctica prioritises scientific research. But they also acknowledge that concerns about “resource security”influence their moves.K) China’s newly renovated Great Wall Station on King George lsland makes the Russian and Chilean bases here seem outdated. ”We do weather monitoring here and other research.”NingXu, 53, the chief of the Chinese base, said over tea during a fierce blizzard(暴风雪) in late November. The large base he leads resembles a snowed-in college campus on holiday break, with the capacity to sleep more than 10 times the 13 people who were staying on through the Antarctic winter. Yong Yu, a Chinese microbiologist, showed off the spacious building, with empty desks under an illustrated timeline detailing the rapid growth of China’s Antarctic operations since the 1980s “We now feel equipped to grow,”he said.L) As some countries expand operations in Antarctica, the United States maintains three year-round stations on the continent with more than 1,000 people during the southern hemisphere’s summer, including those at the Amundsen Scott station, built in 1956 at an elevation of 9,301 feet on a plateau at the South Pole. But US researchers quietly complain about budget restraints and having far fewer icebreakers the Russia, limiting the reach of the United States in Antarctica.M) Scholars warn that Antarctica’s political drift could blur the distinction between military and civilian activities long before the continent’s treaties come up for renegotiation, especially in parts of Antarctica that are ideal for intercepting(拦截) signals from satellites or retasking satellite systems, potentially enhancing global electronic intelligence operations.N) Some countries have had a hard time here, Brazil opened a research station in 1984, but it was largely destroyed by a fire that killed two members of the navy in 2012, the same year that a diesel-laden Brazilian barge sank near the base. As if that were not enough. a Brazilian C-130 Hercules military transport plane has remained stranded near the runway of Chile’s air base here since it crash-landed in 2014.O) However, Brazil’s stretch of misfortune has created opportunities for China, with a Chinese company winning the $100 million contract in 2015 to rebuild the Brazilian station.P) Amid all the changes, Antarctica maintains its allure. South Korea opened its second Antarctic research base in 2014, describing it as a way to test robots developed by Korean researchers for use in extreme conditions. With Russia’s help, Belarus is preparing to build this first Antarctic base. Colombia said this year that it planned to join other South American nations with bases in Antarctica.Q) “The old days of the Antarctic being dominated by the interests and wishes of white men from European. Australasian and North American states are over.”Said Klaus Dodds, a politics scholar at the University of London who specialises in Antarctica. “The reality is that Antarctica is geopolitically contested.”36. According to Chinese officials, their activities in Antarctica lay greater emphasis on scientific research.37. Efforts to create one of the world’s largest ocean sanctuaries failed because of Russia’s obstruction.38. With several monitoring stations operating in Antarctica, Russia is trying hard to counter America’s dominance in the field of worldwide navigational facilities.39. According to geologists’estimates. Antarctica has enormous reserves of oil and natural gas.40. It is estimated that Antarctica boasts of the richest reserves of fresh water on earth.41. The demand for energy resources may compel renegotiation of Antarctica’s treaties before their expiration.42. Many countries are racing against each other to increase their business and strategic influence on Antarctica.43. Antarctica’s harsh natural conditions constitute huge obstacles to the exploitation of its resources.44. With competition from many countries, Antarctica is no longer dominated by the traditional white nations.45. American scientists complain about lack of sufficient money and equipment for their expansion in Antarctica.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Any veteran nicotine addict will testify that fancy packaging plays no role in the decision to keep smoking. So, it is argued, stripping cartons of their branding will trigger no mass movement to quit.But that isn’t why the government—under pressure from cancer charities, health workers and the Labour party—has agreed to legislate for standardized packaging. The theory is that smoking should be stripped of any appeal to discourage new generations from starting in the first place. Plain packaging would be another step in the reclassification of cigarettes from inviting consumer products to narcotics(麻醉剂).Naturally, the tobacco industry is violently opposed. No business likes to admit that it sells addictive poison as a lifestyle choice. That is why government has historically intervened, banning advertising, imposing health warnings and punitive (惩罚性的) duties. This approach has led over time to a fall in smoking with numbers having roughly halved since the 1970s. Evidence from Australia suggests plain packaging pushes society further along that road. Since tobacco as one of the biggest causes of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habit even by a fraction is worth trying.So why has it taken so long? The Department of Health declared its intention to consider the move in November 2010 and consulted through 2012. But the plan was suspended in July 2013. It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron’s election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International. (The prime minister denied there was a connection between his news adviser’s outside interests and the change in legislative programme.) In November 2013, after an unnecessary round of additional consultation, health minister Jane Ellison said the government was minded to proceed after all. Now we are told Members of Parliament (MPs) will have a free voice before parliament is dissolved in March.Parliament has in fact already authorised the government to tame the tobacco trade. MPs voted overwhelmingly in favour of Labour amendments to the children and families bill last February that included the power to regulate for plain packaging. With sufficient will in Downing Street this would have been done already. But strength of will is the missing ingredient where Mr. Cameron and public health are concerned. His attitude to state intervention has looked confused ever since his bizarre 2006lament (叹息) that chocolate oranges placed seductively at supermarket check-outs fueled obesity.The government has moved reluctantly into a sensible public health policy, but with such obvious over-cautiousness that any political credit due belongs to the opposition. Without sustained external pressure it seems certain Mr. Cameron would still be hooked on the interests of big tobacco companies.46. What do chain smokers think of cigarette packaging?A) Fancy packaging can help to engage new smokers.B) It has little to do with the quality or taste of cigarettes.C) Plain packaging discourages non-smokers from taking up smoking.D) It has little impact on their decision whether or not to quit smoking.47. What has the UK government agreed to do concerning tobacco packaging?A) Pass a law to standardise cigarette packaging.B) Rid cigarette cartons of all advertisements.C) Subsidise companies to adopt plain packaging.D) Reclassify cigarettes according to packaging.48. What has happened in Australia where plain packaging is implemented?A) Premature death rates resulting from smoking have declined.B) The number of smokers has dropped more sharply than in the UK.C) The sales of tobacco substitutes have increased considerably.D) Cigarette sales have been falling far more quickly than in the UK.49. Why it taken so long for the UK government to consider plain packaging?A) Prime Minister Cameron has been reluctant to take action.B) There is strong opposition from veteran nicotine addicts.C) Many Members of Parliament are addicted to smoking.D) Pressure from tobacco manufacturers remains strong.50. What did Cameron say about chocolate oranges at supermarket checkouts?A) They fueled a lot of controversy.B) They made more British people obese.C) They attracted a lot of smokers.D) They had certain ingredients missing.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What a waste of money!In return for an averageof£44,000 of debt,students get an average of only 14 hours of lecture and tutorial time a week in Britain. Annual fees have risen from£1,000 to $9,000 in the last decade. But contact time at university has barely risen at all. And graduating doesn’t even provide any guarantee of a decent job:sixin ten graduates today are in non-graduate jobs.No wonder it has become fashionable to denounce many universities as little more that elaboratecom-tricks(骗术). There’s a lotfor students to complain about the repayment threshold for paying back loans will be frozen for five years, meaning that lower-paid graduals have to start repaying their loans, and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans meaning that students from poorer backgrounds face higher debt than those with wealthier parents.Yet it still pays to go to university. If going to university doesn’t work out, students pay very little—if any—of their tuition fees back, you only start repaying when you are earning £21, 000 a year. Almost half of graduates —those who go on to earn less—will have a portion of their debt written off. It’s not just the lectures and tutorials that are important. Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars. Students do not merely benefit while at university, studies show they go on to be healthier and happier than non-graduates, and also far more likely to vote.Whatever your talents, it is extraordinarily difficult to get a leading job in most fields without having been to university. Recruiters circle elite universities like vulturous(兀鹰). Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 2.1, i.e., an upper-second class degree, from an elite university. Students at university also meet those likely to be in leading jobs in the future, forming contacts for life. This might not be right, but school-leavers who fail to acknowledge as much risk making the wrong decision about going to university.Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at a topuniversity remains a brilliant investment even if you don’t learn anything .Studying at university will only become less attractive if employers shift their focus away from where someone went to university—and there is no sign of that happening anytime soon. School-leavers may moan, but they have little choice but to embrace university and the student debt that comes with it.51. What is the author’s opinion of going to university?A) It is worthwhile after all.B) It is simply a waste of time.C) It is hard to say whether it is good or bad.D) It is too expensive for most young people.52. What does the author say about the employment situation of British university graduates?A) Few of them are satisfied with the jobs they are offered.B) It usually takes a long time for them to find a decent job.C) Graduates from elite universities usually can get decent jobs.D) Most of them take jobs which don’t require a college degree.53. What does the author say is important for university students besides classroom instruction?A) Making sure to obtain an upper-second class degree.B) Practical skills they will need in their future careers.C) Interactions among themselves outside the classroom.D) Developing independent and creative thinking abilities.54. What is said to be an advantage of going to university?A) Learning how to take risks in an ever-changing world.B) Meeting people who will be helpful to you in the future.C) Having opportunities of playing a leading role in society.D) Gaining up-to-date knowledge in science and technology.55. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A) It is natural for students to make complaints about university education.B) Few students are willing to bear the burden of debt incurred at university.C) University education is becoming attractive to students who can afford it.D) The prestige of the university influences employers’recruitment decisions.Part IV Translation (30minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.随着生活水平的提高，度假在中国人生活中的作用越来越重要。
2016年12月英语六级作文题目及范文：发明（新东方版）
※2016年12月英语六级作文题目及范文：发明（新东方版）2016年12月六级写作考场考察了话题作文，三套作文题题型一样，话题也极其相似：invention / innovation / creation 发明、创新、创造。
在六级冲刺班的课堂我直接甩给过大家两个句子：Creativity is thinking up new things. Innovation is doing new things.和Creativity is inventing , experimenting , growing , taking risks, breaking rules, making mistakes and having fun.并且带着大家分析了创新话题主题段落的写法并给出了范文，所以恭喜六级冲刺班的同学们，我们押中了一模一样的原题。
这三套题给出的要求是写它们的重要性和提出鼓励措施。
其实对应的就是：第一段用话题作文的开头模板，第二段用分析原因的模板，第三段用提建议的模板即可。
以下给出创新这个话题的范文供大家参考，三篇写法一样，故抽中另外两个话题的同学也可参考如下：InnovationSurrounded by the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology, a topic of innovation has been arising from all walks of life. A growing number of individuals, especially experts and scientists give weight to it.Diverse contributing factors can be identified to give explanations to this topic. Initially，the most significant value is that innovation can offer us a brand-new angle to see through to the essence of the matter. In addition, the fundamental reason mainly stems from the fact that obsolete views can be eliminated and replaced with innovative ideas. Finally, there are, still, other influential factors standing out among them. Someone who is creative is more likely to gain priority in the job market.In terms of giving measures to encourage innovation, I will list the following ones. For one thing, competitions in school are supposed to be launched with money award to encouragecollege students to make inventions and innovations. For another, society ought to establish TV propaganda, such as reality show to advocate the value of innovation.※2016年12月英语六级成绩查询时间：根据历年英语六级成绩查询时间，预测2016年12月英语六级成绩查询于2017年2月中下旬开始，请广大考生密切关注。
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2016年12月英语六级作文真题及答案范文：发
明innovation
※点击查看2016年12月英语六级真题及答案专题
2016年12月英语六级作文真题及答案范文：发明innovation
Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage
innovation/creation/invention. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
参考范文：In today's highly competitive world, innovation matters enormously to an organization or a country. It is the driving force behind increased competitiveness.
Take growing a successful business as an example. In this day and age, social media are gaining popularity among the general public. A company that only relies on traditional media doing its marketing is more likely to get eliminated in the digital era. Put in another way, a company with its focus on social media to boost its brand recognition stands a better
chance of standing out from the crowd. Clearly, innovation is a vital contributing factor to business success.
What can be done to encourage innovation? To name only a few: Above all, a business or a country should strive to build a corporate culture or a social climate that values innovation. Second, anyone who participates in the innovation process should be rewarded. Third, we are in urgent need of an education system that stresses innovation over mechanical learning.
Simply put, innovation is an important force that pushes our society forward.
※2016年12月英语六级成绩查询时间：
根据历年英语六级成绩查询时间，预测2016年12月英语六级成绩查询于2017年2月中下旬开始，请广大考生密切关注老师英语六级成绩查询栏目。
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