主谓一致三原则

主谓一致三原则。

一般来说,主谓一致要遵循以下三个原则:
一、语法一致原则
主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。

(1)主语后面有as well as, with, together, along with, but, like, except, including等非并列连接性短语时, 谓语动词不受该短语中名词数的影响, 仍和主语在人称和数上保持一致。

例如: No one except two boys was late for school.
There was a bill along with the parce1.
The teacher as well as the students likes this painting.
(2)由and或both.…and连接的名词作复合主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。

例如:
The red rose and the white rose are very beautifu1.
Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop.
但要注意, 如果连接的两个名词表示同一概念, 即指同一个人或物时(其特征是and后的名词没有任何冠词), 则主语表示单数意义。

例如:
The secretary and principal of the schoo1 was present at the meeting.
The writer and poet has decided to be on holiday in Guilin.
(3)在each.…and each..., every ...and every..., no...and...后分别跟单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。

例如:
There is no sound and no voice in the reading room.
In China every man and every woman has the right to vote on this problem.
(4) either, each, neither或no +单数名词以及由no, some, any, every等
构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数形式。

例如:
Is everyone here today?
Each of us has a new book.
Neither is correct.
需要说明的是：在口语中,如果either, neither和none后面有"of +复数名词/代词" 作主语时, 动词用单数或复数形式均可。

例如:
Neither of them is/are correct.
None of the doctors have/has been to the Great Wall.
但要注意"none of+单数名词" 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。

(5) 动词不定式、动名词或名词性从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。

例如:
To say is one thing, to do is another.
Seeing is believing.
What he has done is right.
但由what引导的主语从句作主语时, 如果其表语是复数形式, 谓语动词通常用复数形式。

例如:
What he took with him were three books.
(6) many a后接单数名词时, 谓语动词用单数形式。

例如:
Many a pilot was killed in the air raid.
(7)由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest/majority of +名词,以及由"分数或百分数+名词" 等构成的短语作主语时, 其谓语动词的单、复数形式则要根据名词的单、复数而定。

例如: Two-thirds of the profit was made on that deal.
The rest of the students are boys.
Two percent of the students in our class are boys.
There is still lots of water in the lake.
(8)在倒装句中, 谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致。

例如:
On the desk are many different books.
Such are the facts.
There goes the bell.
二、就近一致原则
如果句子有两个或两个以上的主语时, 谓语动词的单复数形式是根据靠近它的主语的单复数来确定的。

它主要用于下列情形:
⑴由or, either...or..., neither...nor, not only...but also..., not...but...等连接并列主语时。

例如: Not only he but also I don't know of the matter.
Not only I but also he doesn't know of the matter.
Either he or his classmates are going to Guilin today.
(2)在"there be ..." 句型中。

例如:
There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate.
There are three students, two viewers and our headmaster talking together.
三、逻辑意义一致原则
该原则指的是: 谓语动词的单复数形式不是根据语法形式而是根据主语的内在涵义(即有时主语的单数形式表达的是复数的涵义, 反之亦然)确定的。

(1)表示时间、重量、长度、价值等名词, 尽管其形式是复数,但在概念上是一个整体, 它作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。

例如:
Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
Ten multiplied by three makes thirty.
Ten dollars is too dear.
Two hundred miles is a good distance.
(2)书名、影片名、格言、剧名、报刊名、国名等的复数形式往往用作单数。

例如: The United States is a developed country.
The Arabian Nights is an interesting story-book.
(3)family, group, class, army, government, team, enemy等集体名词表示整体概念时应看作单数,但表示组成的个体成员时, 应看作复数。

例如:
Our family lives in Wuhan.
My family like watching TV at weekend. The football team are having lunch now. His class is on the second floor.
注意: people, police, cattle等集体名词作主语时,常表示复数涵义。

(4) "the+形容词/分词" 结构作主语表示一类人时, 常看作复数; 表示抽象概念时, 常看作单数。

例如:
The blind are often looked down upon at present. The wounded were still not well treated. The beautiful lives forever.
(5)某些以"-s" 或"-es" 结尾的表示疾病、学科、游戏等名称的名词和means, news, works等常看作单数。

例如:
Diabetes (糖尿病) is a very serious disease. Every means has been tried to save the boy. An iron works is far from here.
(6)what, who, which, more, most, all等代词作主语时,表示的是单数还是复数涵义要根据意义或上下文来确定。

例如:
Which are your books? All is going well. All have gone to Beijing.
(7) "one and a half+名词复数" 表数量作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。

例如: One and a half pears has been left on the table.。