英语初高衔接课---五种基本句型及时态语态复习 (教师版)

英语五种基本句型基本句型一: 主+谓(不及物动词)此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即动词句子的谓语都能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词,介词短语,状语从句等作状语.1. The sun │rises. 太阳升起来.2. I smile/cry/jump/dance/sing. 我笑/哭/跳/跳舞/唱歌.3. Who │cares? 谁在乎？4. They │talked│ for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时.5. The pen │writes smoothly. 这支笔书写流利.基本句型二: 主+谓(及物)+宾此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整.这类动词叫做及物动词. 80%的英语句子都是主谓宾结构。

I │am playing │the basketball.我正在打篮球Who │knows │the answer？谁知道答案？He │has refused │to help them 他拒绝帮助他们He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书.He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误.基本句型三: 主+系+表此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做连系动词.系动词可以大体看成有三大类:第一类：be动词，am is are was were等等This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典John │is │a middle school student第二类：感官性动词look,,seem feel, smell, sound,taste等属第二类The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好.I │feel │go od.Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了.第三类：表示一种状态变化或保持某种状态的动词如：remain,keep, stay,turn,become,go,come等He │is becoming │more and more powerful 他长得又高又壮The milk │has gone │bad. 牛奶变质了Stay cool! 保持冷静Keep warm 保暖基本句型四: 主+谓(及物)+双宾（间宾+直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思.这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者.通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略.1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳.2. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片.3. He │bought │you │a dictionary.他给你买了一本字典.4. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了.5. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器.To型：Bring, give, hand, offer, pass, pay, post, promise, read, return, sell, send, serve, show, teach, phone, tellFor型：Build, buy, choose, draw, find, make, order, paint, save.基本句型五: 主+谓(及物)+复合宾语（宾+宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整.1. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色.2. They │found │the house │empty. 他们发现那房子无人居住.3. What │makes │him │think so？他怎么会这样想？.4. We │saw │him │go out. 我们看见他出去了.5. I │saw │them │getting on the bus at that t ime. 我看见他们当时在上了那辆公车疑难分析：1．主谓宾和主系表的区别：主系表强调状态，而主谓宾强调动作。

其实，主系表结构中，主语和表语是有关系的，通常表语是主语的状态或者身份等。

比如：I am a teacher. I am angry.而主谓宾中，宾语和主语没有关系，是两个独立的部分。

比如：I love you.2．双宾和宾补的区别（双宾：两个宾语之间没有关系；宾补和宾语之间有关系）I will find you a suitable jobI find you a careless man.Dear God, make me a bird, so I can fly far away from here.I will make you a cake划分下列句子成分练习1：1.We work.2.The rain stopped.3.They are students4.The children felt very happy.5.The water feels hot!6.Mr. Green works hard in this company.7.Mr. Wu is reading a newspaper8.The sun rises in the east.9.The weather is becoming hot.10.My dream has come true!11.I am dancing with my girlfriend.12.He acted stupid13.He acted stupidly.练习2.1.The music sounds nice.2.Learning English is interesting.3.These children are playing.4.Smoking hurts.5.It is great to see you again.6.He lent me 10 dollars.7.I will buy you a meal.8.Practicing will make your English better.9.I will find you a good teacher.10.I find you a good teacher.11.He became an engineer.12.This movie is interesting13.My mission is helping others14.We elected him chairman.15.I consider this novel my best work.练习31.Seeing is believing2.To work with her is my dream.3.It is no use crying over spilled milk.4.Working will make you happy.5.I will have my bike repaired.6.I don't want you to do it now.7.Life was like a box of chocolates, you never know what you're gonna get.8.As more and more people participated, new problems emerged.9.Somewhere over Seattle, I started to write my weekly garden column for The Anchorage Daily News.Home Assignment练习41.I happily declare this meeting open.2.Jacky is standing on the playground.3.He lent me a dictionary yesterday.4.I dance with the music.5.He is the first man to get to the moon6.He built them a house.7.In order to pass the test, he studies very hard.8.The milk went sour.9.The plan sounds good.10.Passengers must have with them all the necessary official papers.11.It is perfectly feasible to transmit a patient’s vital signs over the telephone.12.Recent technology gives computers both audio and video capability, making them multimedia machines with interactive potential.练习51.To make a plan is a good idea.2.It is easy to learn English3.You must learn to look after yourself when your mother leaves you alone4.I found it interesting to study history5.I study hard to pass the exam6.He is the first man to get to the moon7.No smoking is allowed anywhere on the aeroplane.8.The first study was done at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina.9.In recent years in America, the mandatory sentencing(强制判刑) movement has really changed the USprison size.时态、语态复习纲要【时态的基本概念】时态是表示谓语动作时间概念的动词形式。