2007年西南财经大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
07年6月研究生学位英语真题(附完整参考答案)
2007年6月研究生学位英语真题(附完整参考答案)2007-6 PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points ) Section A ( point each ) 21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed. A. compelling B. rational C. ridiculous D. ambiguous 22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence. A. support B. restrict C. raise D. modify 23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors’ instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on 24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods. A. abundant B. controversial C. conducive D.convincing 25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off. A. more wealthy B. less successful C. dismissed earlier D. favorably positioned 26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you’ll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence 27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches. A. believed B. discarded C. advocated D. confirmed 28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices. A. assessing B. cutting C. elevating D. altering 29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted 30. Thousands of people left their rural homesand flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories. A. dashed B. filed C. strolled D. swarmed Section B ( point each) 31._________this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with 32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home. A. humble B. obscure C. inferior D. lower 33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible. A. humidity B. humanity C. harmony D. honesty 34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life. A. vessel B. vest C. venture D. vehicle 35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who___six years of instruction. A. set about B. run for C. sit through D. make for 36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an even deeper ______between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation 1 37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm. A. accustomed to B. committed to C. applied to D. suited to 38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths. A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient’s life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk. A. expose B. lead C. contribute D. send 40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun. A. tour B. travel C.visit D. trip PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each) Harvard University’s under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard’s c urriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization. \research, and science in general are ever more important,\ Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research. Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university.\should be spending a semester at a university in China.\It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required \curriculum\The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized \Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49 \College Courses\for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean. 41.A. inspecting42. A. in accordance with 43. A. update44. A. trust-worthy45. A. turn out 46. A. In spite of 47. A. perish48. A. appropriate 49. A. optical 50. A. sparingB. reviewing B. in line with B. uphold B. note-worthy B. turn in B.As if B. destroy B. imaginative B. optional B. spiraling C. searching C. in charge of C. upset C. praise-worthy C. turn to C. Let alone C. abolish C. special C. opposite C. spanning D. underlying D. in response to D. upward D. reward-worthy D. turn over D. Rather than D. denounce D. specific D. optimistic D. sparkling 2 PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage One A report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.’? Quite a lot, it turns out. Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parksinstead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes(烟气). Also don’t walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side. Sitting on the driver’s side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly. There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants. 51. What is the passage mainly about? A. How to fight air pollution in big cities. B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________. A. can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disaster B. cannot be compared with the disaster in Chernobyl C. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disaster D. can be more serious than we used to think 53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________. A. where the wind is coming B. where the wind is going C. where the wind is weaker D. where the wind is stronger 54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________. A. on the left side in the bus B. on the right side in the bus C. in the middle of the bus D. at the back of the bus 3 55. It is implied in the passage that ________.A. people should not take street level transportationB. tiny iron particles will not cause health problemsC. airpollution on an underground train is less poisonous D. traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus 56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________. A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduce B. stay away from the traffic as far as possible C. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the street D. count down for the light to change Passage Two Global warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries. Almost allscientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide. Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. \piece of the action. Wouldn’t it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action,\Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley’s research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as globalwarming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn’t predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider. \along with each other. But it’s part of that because we’re not going to get along with each other if we’re not getting along with the planet,\57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________. A. can be eased B. can be ended C. will become worse D. will last for decades 58. Ally’s research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________. A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patterns B.subtle changes in atmospheric patterns C. humans’ burning of fossil fuel D. increasing levels of carbon dioxide 59. The word \ 4 A. pessimistic B. optimistic C. worried D. insensible 60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming? A. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels. B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate. C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels. D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth. 61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into ______. A. a region like Siberia B. a warmer and warmer place C. a tropical region D. a place like North Pole 62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world is A. lack of harmony B. violence C. global warming D. climate shiftPassage Three We’re talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending. Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It’s nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don’t work out that way. They point to an idea called the \you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don’t have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits. It’s a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenlystopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble. Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won’t buy things that they need. In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered thatdifferent areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful. If you think you really want that product because it’s beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product. 63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________. 5。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编53(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编53(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．We all buy things on the______of the moment; this is what the retail trade calls an “impulse buy”.(2007年中国科学院考博试题)A．urgeB．forceC．spurD．rush正确答案：C解析：此题考查的是词语的搭配。
urge项表示“敦促”；force表示“力量，影响力”；spur表示“动力”；rush表示“匆促”。
只有C项有固定用法on the spur of,表示一时冲动，所以答案是C选项。
2．The young nation has not yet attained political ______.A．stabilityB．prosperityC．maturityD．independence正确答案：A解析：stability n.稳定，稳固(如：Nothing is more important than political stability for a country in its economic endeavour．)。
prosperity n.兴旺，繁荣。
maturity n.成熟(阶段)；有经验。
independence n.独立，自主。
3．Even when textbooks are ______ through a school system, methods of teaching may vary greatly.(2011年四川大学考博试题)A．commonplaceB．standardizedC．competitiveD．generalized正确答案：B解析：在给出的选项中：commonplace“平凡的，陈腐的，平庸的”；standardized “标准化的”；competitive“竞争的，有竞争力的”；generalized“广泛的，普遍的”。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编38(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编38(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Guarantees and warranties tell buyers the repairs for which a manufacturer is______.(2013年3月中国科学院考博试题)A．qualifiedB．agreeableC．compatibleD．liable正确答案：D解析：A项“qualified”意为“合格的”；B项“agreeable”意为“令人愉快的，惬意的”；C项“compatible”意为“合得来的，协调的”；D项“liable”意为“负有法律责任的”，由句意可知，“制造商有责任提供维修服务”，因此选择D项。
2．A______person is one who gives away money or things in large quantity.A．kindB．gentleC．gracefulD．liberal正确答案：D解析：liberal a.慷慨的，大方的；心胸宽大的，开明的：自由主义的(如：He is liberal with his motley／in his help．Try to keep a liberal attitude and listen to both sides．)。
kind(to)a.友好的，亲切的；和蔼的，仁慈的。
gentle a.和蔼的，温和的。
graceful a.优美的，优雅的。
3．You must pack plenty of food for the journey. ______, you will need warm clothes, so pack them too.A．EquallyB．IncidentallyC．InevitablyD．Likewise正确答案：D解析：likewise ad.同样地，照样地；同样也。
2007年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2007年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解Paper OnePartⅠVocabulary and Structure(15%)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.1.We hadn’t enough money to pay our bus fare,and in______we had to walk.A.particularB.consequenceC.possessionD.succession【答案】B【解析】句意：我们没有足够的钱付车费，结果我们就不得不走路。
in particular特别。
in possession(法)占有，持有。
in succession接连着。
2.Wealthy people sometimes feel a______to steal things they can easily afford to buy.A.prioritypulsionC.privilegeD.repulsion【答案】B【解析】句意：富人有时会一时冲动，偷窃他们明明能买得起的东西。
compulsion（心理）难以抗拒的冲动。
priority优先。
privilege特权。
repulsion（医）排斥，斥力。
3.This young man,______with a craving for materialistic gratification,cares about nothing but money.A.obsessedB.negotiatedpromisedD.provided【答案】A【解析】句意：这个年轻人，太痴迷于物质上的满足，除了金钱，他什么都不在乎。
人大考博英语真题整理2007年试题及答案-育明考博
人大考博英语真题整理2007年试题及答案Part I. Vocabulary (20%)Directions: Choose the best answer (from A, B, C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Markyour choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. Tom doesn't think that the_______ situation here is as good as his hometown's.A. economicsB. economicC. economyD. economical2. ___ the increase in the number of computers in our offices, the amount of paper hat we need has risen as well.A. Along withB. AltogetherC. AlthoughD. All along3. The food was divided __ according to the age and size of the child.A. equallyB. individuallyC. sufficientlyD. proportionally4. Our new firm __________ for a credible, aggressive individual with great skillsto fill this position.A. have lookedB. are lookingC. is lookingD. look5. Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food, __________ their cleanness, toughness and low cost.A. by virtue ofB. in addition toC. for the sake ofD. as opposed to （PS：育明考博课程咨询方式 扣扣：547.063 .862 TEL：四零零六六八六九七八 有售各院校真题）6．He ___ himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.A.. repealedB. resentedC. replayedD. reproached7. Many of the fads of the 1970s __________ as today's latest fashions.A. are being revivedB. is revisedC. are revoked.D. is being reviled8. All of the international delegates attending the conference ______ to bringa souvenir from their own countriesA. has askedB. is askingC. were askedD. was asking9. Britain hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered __________yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during preliminary session.A. a severe set-backB. sharp set-backC. s severe blown-upD. sharp blown-up10. If you want to do well on the exam, you _____ on the directions that the professor gives and take exact notes.A. will have concentratedB. have to concentrateC. will be concentratedD. will be concentrating11. What ____ about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed an attitude cool enough, professional enough and, therefore, creel enough when facing that tragedy.A. worked me outB. knocked me outC. brought me upD. put me forward12. Since his injury was serious, the doctor suggested that he ________ in the game.A. did not playB. must not playC. not playD. not to play13. According to the latest report, consumer confidence________ a breathtaking15 points last month, to itslowest level in ten yearsA. soaredB. mutatedC. plummetedD. fluctuated14. Our car trunk ________ with suitcases and we could hardly make room for anythingA. went crammingB. was crammedC. is crammingD. was been crammed15. The secretary didn't know who he was, or she ________ him more politely.A. will be treatingB. would have treatedC. was treatingD. would have been treated16. The instructions on how to use the new machine _______ that nobody seemedto be able to understand.A. were very simplisticB. was very confusedC. were so confusingD. was so simplistic17. John played basketball in college and _________ active ever since.A. have extremely beenB. has been extremelyC. will be extremelyD. should extremely be18. The________ of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from all over the country.A. clashB. clarifyC. clarityD. clatter19. _______ the gift in beautiful green paper, Sarah departed for the party.A. Having wrappedB. To wrapC. WrapD. Wrapping20. The advertisement for Super Suds detergent__________ that the sale' has increased by 25% in the first quarterof the year.A. have been so successfulB. had been so successfulC. has been so successfulD. will be so successful21. Tom and Alice___________ having a new car to replace their old one for year's.A. has been dreaming ofB. have been dreaming ofC. has dreamedD. will have dreamed22. When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, theair is said to be_______.A. commencedB. compressedC. compromisedD. compensated23. ______the heavy pollution, the city official shave decided to cancel school for the day. .A Prior B. By means of C. Due to D. through24. Our boss is taking everyone to the ballet tonight, and I need to make sure my new dress_____ for the occasion.A. has been cleanedB. should have been CleanedC. is being cleanedD. has been cleaning25. Peter’s mother kept telling him that ________ in the street is dangerous, but he would not listen.A. playedB. will playC. playingD. been playing26. A knowledge of history _____ us to deal with the vast range of problems confronting the contemporary world.A. equipsB. providesC. offersD. satisfies27. He wouldn't even think of wearing clothes____ they make him look so old!A. sameB. despiteC. suchD. in that.28. Mary finally decided ______ all the junk she had kept in the garage.A. get ridB. gotten rid ofC. getting rid ofD. to get rid of29. The team leader of mountain climbers marked out__________.A. that seemed to be the best routeB. what seemed to be the best routeC. which seemed to be tile best routeD. something that to be the best route30. Tom Jones, who _________ around the world, will come to Asia next month.A. will be touringB. have touredC. had been touringD. has been touring31. The paint on the clown's face_________ that it scared the children he was trying to entertain.A. was so exaggerationB. were an exaggerationC. was such an exaggerationD. was exaggerating32. Men often wait longer to get help for medical problems than women, and _______ women live about six years longer than men on an average.A. instead ofB. constantlyC. consequentlyD. because33. The ____________ emphasis on exams is by far the worst form of competitionin schools.A. negligentB. EdibleC. FabulousD. disproportionate34. There is _________ conflicting information on how much iron women need in their diet.A. so muchB. so manyC. too fewD. a few35. It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all _________ to the flow of ideas shall be removed.A. propheciesB. transactionsC. argumentsD. hindrances36. Not until the 1980s _________ in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.A. some concerned citizensB. some concerning citizensC. did some concerning citizensD. did some concerned citizens37. After failing his mid-term exams, Jeremy was _______ face his parents.A. too ashamed toB. too embarrassing toC. very ashamed ofD. very embarrassing to38. My grandmother has been going to a better dentist, so this_______ problems she is having with her dentures.A. won't eliminateB. will be eliminationC. should have been eliminatedD. should help eliminate39. He told a story about his sister who was in a sad __________ when she was ill and had no money.A. plightB. polarizationC. plagueD. pigment40. During her two-week stay in Beijing, Elizabeth never __________ a chrome to practice her Chinese.A. passed byB. passed onC. passed outD. passed upPart II. Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: Read the following passages and then choose the best answer (from A, B, C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Mark your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1British food has a good reputation, but English cooking has a bad one. Itis difficult to explain the reason for this. Unfortunately, however, superb raw ingredients are often mined the kitchen so that: they come to the table without any of the natural flavor and goodness.This bad reputation discourages a lot of people from eating in an English restaurant. If they do go to one: they ate usury full of prejudice against the food. It is a pity, because there are: excellent cooks’ in England, excellent restaurants, and excellent home-cooking. How, then has the bad reputation been built up.Perhaps one reason is that Britain’s Industrial Revolution occurred very early, in the middle of the nineteenth century. As a result, the quality of food changed too. This (was because Britain stopped being a largely agricultural country. The population of the towns increased enormously between 1840 and 1.870, and people could no longer grow. Their own food, or buy it fresh from a farm. Huge quantities of food had to be taken to the towns, and a lot of it lost its freshness on the way.This lack of freshness was disguised by "dressing up" the food. The rich middle classes ate long; elaborate meals which were cooked for them by French chefs. French became, and has remained, the official language of the dining room. Out-of-season delicacies were served in spite of their expense, for there, were a large number of extremely wealthy people who wanted to establish themselves socially. The "look" of the food was more important than its taste.In the 1930s, the supply of servant began to decrease. People still tried to produce complicated dishes, however, but they economized on the preparation time. The Second World War made things even worse by making raw ingredients extremely scarce. As a result, there were many women who never had the opportunity to choose a piece of meat from a well-stocked butcher's shop, but were content and grateful to accept anything that was offered to them.Food rationing continued in Britain until the early 1950s. It was only afterthis had stopped, and butter, eggs and cream became more plentiful, and it was possible to travel abroad again and taste other ways of preparing food, that the English difference to eating became replaced by a new enthusiasm for it.41 According to the author, it is difficult to explain_________.A. why excellent ingredients are spoiled in the process of cookingB. why people do not like English cookingC. why British food often has a natural flavorD. why people prefer home-cooking to ready made food42. The negative effect of Britain's Industrial Revolution on English cookingis that___________.A. the population in the countryside decreased dramaticallyB. people no longer grew their own food on their own farmsC. the freshness of food was lost on the way to the citiesD. Britain was no longer an agricultural country43 As a result of the Industrial Revolution__________.A. more attention was given to the look of the foodB. French became the official language .in English restaurantsC. a large number of extremely wealthy people ate in French restaurantsD. out-of-season delicacies became very expensive44. The Second World War worsened the problem because___________.A. there was an increasing demand f6r servantsB. there was a lack of raw ingredient supplyC. many women refused to choose meat from butcher's shopsD. French chefs dominated English restaurants45. A new enthusiasm for eating emerged in Britain ____________.A. when many women finally had the opportunity to purchase fresh meat froma well-stocked butcher'sshop.B. when butter, eggs and cream became availableC. when people started traveling to other cities.D. after the early 1950sPassage 2In his typically American open style of communication, Mr. Hayes confronted Isabeta about not looking at him. Reluctantly, she explained why. As a newcomer from Mexico, she had been taught to avoid eye contact as a mark of respect to authority figures teachers, employers, parents. Mr. Hayes did not know this. He then informed her that most Americans interpret lack of eye contact as disrespect and deviousness. Ultimately, he convinced I sabela to try and change her habit, which she slowly did. People from many Asian, Latin American, and Caribbean cultures also avoid eye contact as a sign of respect.Many African Americans, especially from the South, observe this custom, too.A master's thesis by Samuel Avoian, a graduate student at Central Missouri State University, tells how misinterpreting eye-contact customs can have a negative impact when white football coaches recruit African American players for the teams.He reports that, when speaking, white communicators usually look away from the listener, only periodically glancing at them. They do the opposite when listening they are expected to look at the speaker all the timeMany African Americans communicate in an opposite way. When speaking, they tend to constantly stare at the listener; when listening; they mostly look away. Therefore, if white sports recruiters are not informed about these significant difference, they can be misled about interest and attentiveness when interviewing prospective African American ball players.In multicultural America, issues of. Eye 'contact' have brought about social conflicts of two different kinds: in many urban centers, non-Koreancustomers .became angry when Korean shopkeepers did not look at them directly. The customers translated the lack of eye contact as a sign of disrespect, a habit blamed for contributing to the open confrontation raking place between some Asians and African Americans in New York, Texas, and California. Many teachers too have provided stories about classroom conflicts based on their misunderstanding Asian and Latin American children lack of eye contact as being disrespectful.On the other hand, direct eye contact has now taken on a new meaning among the younger generation and across ethnic borders. Particularly in urban centers, when one teenager looks directly at another, this is considereda provocation, Sometimes called mad-dogging, and can lead to physical conflict. Mad-dogging has become the source of many campus conflicts. In one high school, it resulted, in. a fight between Cambodian newcomers and African-American students. The Cambodians had been staring at the other students merely to learn how Americans behave, yet the others misinterpreted the Cambodians' intentions and thefight began.Mad-dogging seems to be connected with the avoidance of eye contact as a sign of respect. Thus, in the urban contemporary youth scene, if one looks directly at another, this disrespects, or "disses," that person. Much like the archaic phrase "I demand satisfaction," which became the overture to a duel, mad-dogging may become a prelude to a physical encounter.At the entrances to Universal Studio's "City Walk" attraction in Los Angeles, they have posted Code of Conduct signs. The second rule warns against "physically over bally threatening any person, fighting, annoying others through noisy or boisterous activities or by unnecessary staring .... "46. Many African Americans from the South _______..A. adopt a typically American open style of communicationB. often misinterpret the meaning of eye contactC. avoid eye contact as a sign of respectD. are taught to avoid eye contact whenever telling to the others47. When listening to the others, white communicators tend to________.A. look at the speaker all the timeB. glance at the speaker periodicallyC. look away from the speakerD. stare at the speaker48. Many customers in American cities are angry with Korean shopkeepers because_________.A. Korean shopkeepers do not look at them directlyB. they expect a more enthusiastic recelSfi0n from the shopkeepersC. there are some social conflicts in' many urban centersD. they are not informed about difference between cultures49. Mad-dogging refers to ________.A. a provocation from one teenager to another of a different ethnic backgroundB. physical conflict among the younger generation in urban centersC. a lack of eye contact as a sign of respectD. the source of many campus conflicts across ethnic borders in urban centers50. The archaic phrase, I demand satisfaction_________A. was connected with the avoidance of eye contactB. often led to a fightC. was assign of disrespect:D. often resulted in some kind of misinterpretationPassage 3When television is good, nothing not the theatre, not the magazines, or newspapers- nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. Iinvite you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and stay there without a book, magazine, newspaper, or anything else to distract you and keep if your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that you will observe a vast wasteland. You will see a procession of game shows violence, audience participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families, blood and thunder, mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western bad men, Western good men, private eyes, gangster, still more violence, and cartoons. And endlessly, commercials that scream and offend. And most of all, boredom. True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But they will be very, very few. And if you think I exaggerate, try it.Is there no room on television to teach, to inform, to uplift, to Stretch, to enlarge he capacities of our children? Is there no room for programs to deepen the children's understanding of children in other lands? Is there no room for a children's news show explaining something about the world for them at their level of understanding?Is there no room for reading the great literature of the past, teaching them the great-traditions of freedom? There are some fine children's shows, but they are drowned out in the massive doses of cartoons, violence, and more violence. Must these be your trademarks? Search your conscience and see whether you cannot offer more to your young children whose future you guard so many hours each and every day. There are many people in this: great country, and you must serve all of us. You will get no argument from me if you Say that, given a choice between aWestern and a symphony, more people will watch the Western. I like Westerns and private eyes, too, but a steady diet for the whole country is obviously not in the public interest. Well know that people .would more often prefer to be entertained than stimulated or informed. But your obligations are not satisfiedif you look only to popularity as a test of what to broadcast. You are not onlyin show business; you are free to communicate ideas as well as to give relaxation. You must provide a wider range of choices, more diversity, more alternatives.It is not enough to cater to the nation's whims you must also serve the nation's needs. The people own the air. They own it as much in prime evening time as theydo at six o'clock in the morning. For every hour that the people give you--you owethem something. I intend to see that your debt is paid with service.51. What the author advises us to do is to__________.A. read a book while watching television programsB. observe a vast wasteland on televisionC. watch all the programs of our television stationD. find out why television is good52. What seems to have offended the author most on television is________.A. violenceB. commercialsC. WesternsD. private eyes53. As far as children are concerned, the author's chief complaint is that __A. cartoons and violence have become trademarksB. there is no children's-news show on televisionC. there is no reading of great literature for childrenD. there are not enough good television programs for children54. According to the author, it is in the public interest to_________.A. broadcast only popular television programsB. cater for the needs-of all the peopleC. broadcast both Westerns and symphoniesD. entertain people only55. It is the obligation of television business to _________.A. cater to the nation's whimsB. provide best programs in prime evening freeC. broadcast news programs, at six in the morningD. serve the nation's needs all the timePassage 4Some of my classmates in the same dorm established a chatting group on the Net when broadband was available on campus. Then everyone faced their own laptops and talked to each other by sending messages in the chatting group in the same room. Their dorm was silent the whole night. The only sound came from tapping the keyboard. Before they went to bed that night, all of them sighed and said, " that's ridiculous."Information Technology brings about revolutionary changes to human communication. The Internet makes the world global village; that is to say, we can get in touch with each other: swiftly regardless of one's location.However, does the convenience in communication mean that we are actually getting closer? I don't think so. As the anecdote above shows, access to broadband made my fellow classmates fall in silence. The CambridgeInternational Dictionary defines "communication" as "various methods of sending information between people and places,” while it defines “communicate”as “to be able to understand each other and have a satisfactory relationship.”Therefore, the booming of IT in modern society is only the booming of communication. Exchanging ideas and mutual understanding between people do not base on such booming. On the contrary, due to the revolutionary changes, we’re getting farther from each other to some extent.Mutual understanding is based on expression. However, expression doesn’t necessarily lead to soul touching communication and understanding. When we waffle with a mere acquaintance, we normally conceal our true feelings. Thus, we don't establish communication with him, because we do not need him to understand us. The era of cyberspace further demonstrates such separation of form and content.The Internet gives us nearly absolute freedom to speak and express ourselves. With the prosperity of blog, there are, according to recent statistics, about 400,000 bloggers in China today, Bloggers express themselves on the Net at their will, while others read their blog and give comments once for a while. It seems that blog can make us touch upon the bloggers' inside world, and make us know them better. However, things are not always that perfect.Many netizens are abusing their right of free expression. Once you open the Explorer and browse a website,trash information about sex and violence hits our eyes. People scold and flirt in the chatroom and Bulletin Board System (BBS). When blog comes into being, netizens even transfer such vulgarity into their personal spaces, andshow it to the public.In the era of the Information Technology, boom, the farthest distance On earth is no longer die polar distance the negative impacts brought about by cyberspace have imposed an unfilled gulf between souls. Since we cannot communicate to each other like before, the distance between people's hearts has become the farthest distance on earth.56. The most ridiculous part of the anecdote is that .A. there was a dead silence in the dorm room the whole nightB. the only sound cane from tapping the keyboardC. those living in the same room communicated by sending messages via the NetD. they all faced their own laptops57 According to the author, Information Technology .A. brings people closer to each otherB. results/n silence, among her fellow classmatesC. enables us to reach anyone swiftlyD. helps to make the world a global village58. The author believes that the booming of IT in modern society .A. encourages the exchange of ideas and the mutual understanding between peopleB. leads to soul touching communication and understandingC. helps to establish a satisfactory relationshipD. results in further separation between people59. The prosperity of blog does not help us to touch each other because .A. many people abuse their right of free expression on the NetB. vulgarity has been transferred into bloggers' personal spacesC. bloggers express themselves on the Net at their willD. anyone is able to read blog and give comments60. The author believes that in the era of the Information Technology boom the distance between people's heartshas become the farthest distance on earth because .A. there is always a silenceB. people are not able to communicate to each other like beforeC. the Internet gives us nearly absolute freedom to express ourselvesD. people can scold and flirt in the chat room at willPassage 5According to a recent publication of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, at the present rate of, progress" it will take forty-three years to end job discrimination-----hardly a reasonable timetable.If our goal is educational and economic equity and parity-and it is then we need affirmative action to catch up. We are behind as a result of discrimination and denial of opportunity. There is one white attorney for every 680 whites, but only one black attorney for every 4,000 blacks; one white physician for every 659 whites, but only one black physician for every 5,000 blacks; and one white dentist for every 1,900 whites, but only one black dentist for every 8,400 blacks.Less than 1 percent of all engineers or of all practicing chemists--is black. Crueland uncompassionate injustice created gaps like these. We need creative justice and compassion to help us close them.Actually, in the U.S. context, "reverse discrimination" is illogical and a contradiction in terms. Never in thehistory of mankind has a majority, with power, engaged in programs and written laws that discriminate against itself. The only thing whites are giving up because of affirmative action is unfair advantage something that was unnecessary in the first place.Blacks are not making progress at the expense of whites, as news accounts make it seem. There are 49 percent more whites in medical school today and 64 percent more whites in law school than there were when affirmative action programs began some eight years ago.In a recent column, William Raspberry raised an interesting question. Commenting on the Bakke case, he asked, “What if, instead of setting aside 16of 100 slots, we added 16 slots to the 100?” That, he suggested, would not interfere with what whites already have. He then went on to point out that this, in fact, is exactly what has happened in law and medical schools. In 1968, the year before affirmative action programs began to get under way, 9,571 whites and 282members of minority groups entered U.S. medical schools. In 1976, the figures were14,213 and 1,400 respectively. Thus, under affirmative action, the number of "white places" actually rose by 49 percent: white access to medical training was not diminished, but substantially increased. The trend was even more marked in law schools. In 1969, the first year for which reliable figures are available, 2,933 minority-group members were enrolled; in 1976, the number was-up to 8,484. But during the same period, law school enrollment for whites rose from 65,453 to 107,064 an increase of 64 percent. In short, it is a myth that blacks are makingprogress at white expense.Allan Bakke did not really challenge preferential treatment in general, for he made no challenge to the preferential treatment accorded to the children of the rich, the alumni and the faculty or to athletes or the very talented only to minorities.61. The author is for affirmative actionA. because there is discrimination and denial of opportunity in the U.S.B. if we aim at educational and economic equity and parityC. because it will take 43 years to end job discriminationD. when there is no reasonable timetable in the U.S.62. It requires ________ to close the gap's between the whites and the blacks in the U.S.A. one black attorney for ever 4000 blacksB. a lot more black engineers and chemistsC. education and economic developmentD. creative justice and compassion63. Blacks are not making progress at the expense of whites, according to the author, because _______.A. what whims give up is only unfair advantageB. there are 49 percent more white in medical school today alreadyC. whites, the majority in the U.S., will never discriminate against themselvesD. there are 64 percent more whites in law schools today64. William Raspberry, while commenting on the Bakke case, suggests_______.A. to offer 100 slots to whites and 16 to blacksB. to offer 84 slots to whites and 16 to blacksC. to follow what has happened in law and medical schoolsD. to interfere with what whites already have65. What Allan Bakke challenged was __.。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编7(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编7(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．The apartment was______at $20,000 and its owner was happy about that. (2009年北京航空航天大学考博试题)A．assaultedB．assessedC．assertedD．avenged正确答案：B解析：四个选项的意思分别是：assaulted攻击，突袭；assessed评价，估值；asserted断言，宣称；avenged报仇，复仇。
根据句子意思可知，正确答案是B 选项。
如：The lawyers assessed the property at $35,000(律师们估计这笔财产价值35000美元。
)2．It is too early to ______ the effect of the new measure.(2004年湖北省考博试题)A．administerB．assessC．elevateD．contribute正确答案：B解析：本题意为“评价新措施的影响为时尚早”。
B项的“assess评价，评估”符合题意，如：Damages were assessed at 1,000RMB．(损失估计达1 000元人民币。
)其他三项“administer管理，支配，执行；elevate抬起，使升高；contribute捐献，投稿”都不正确。
3．The nurse ______ the doctor in the operation room.(2003年西南财经大学考博试题)A．insistedB．resistedC．assistedD．persisted正确答案：C解析：本题是说护士在手术室帮助医生。
C项的assisted(帮助)符合题意。
其他三项“insisted坚持；resisted反抗：persisted坚持”都不正确。
西南财经大学大学英语复习资料
西南财经大学大学英语复习资料(总7页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--10届英语复习资料总算总结完了低调使用哈~大家如果到处转发请不要透漏漏题老师的所教专业大谢~By 小北 20:45考四篇篇其中之一I. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneIn the early 1600’s, a group known as the Separatists lived in England. They were people who wanted to worship God, study the Bible and pray, but the English laws did not allow then to worship as they desired. They were hunted down beaten, and locked up.Eventually, they heard about freedom of religion in Holland, and planned to escape. After much hardship, they were allowed to leave England.Now called Pilgrims, they lived in Holland for 12 years, but left because they couldn’t stand the hard life, and couldn’t work their own trades. They wanted to find a Kingdom of God for theirposterity(后代)to practice religion freely. So they hired the Speedwell and Mayflower to carry them across the Atlantic to a new land in America.The Speedwell had many leaks and had to return back. The Mayflower took in their passengers, making a total of over 100. They sailed two months and three days, cramped and hungry.On November11,1620, the Mayflower spotted land. They landed in Province town, Massachusetts. For over a month, they sent to find the perfect place for them to build their colony. When they finally found a place, they called Plymouth.Right away they started building homes, knowing winter was near.Unfortunately, a violent storm hit when the houses were not yet finished. The Pilgrims were forced to stay on the cramped(狭窄的)Mayflower for their first winter in the new world. When this winter was over, over half of them had died.The Pilgrims eventually made a good friend who helped them. His name was Squanto. He showed them where fish swam, how to hunt deer, and how to plant corn.Squanto was a Native American who was kidnapped(绑架)earlier inhis life and taken to England. This is why he was able to communicate with the Pilgrims.With the help of the Native Americans, there was plenty for everyone to eat that first summer, and also plenty to last for the next winter.The Pilgrims had so much to be thankful for. They gave thanks for friends, new homes, freedom of religion, and plenty of food in a three-day celebration with their Native American friends.Today we continue the celebration of the Pilgrims and the Native Americans, and called it thanksgiving.1. The Separatists left England in pursuit of ___A) wealthB) adventureC) an easier lifeD) religious freedom2. The Pilgrims spend their first winter________A) in their newly finished housesB) on the ship that carried them across the AtlanticC) celebrating their newly-won freedomD) making friends with the native people3. The Pilgrims learnt to adapt to the new environment______A) with the help of the nativesB) by imitating the Native AmericansC) by trial and errorD) by learning from their earlier experience in Holland4. How did the Pilgrims get along with the Native Americans?A) They were hostile to each otherB) They kept a distance from each otherC) They were very friendly to each otherD) They learned from each other5. What is the central idea of this passage?A) The origin of Thanksgiving.B) Religious FreedomC) Early English settlements in American]D) Hardships experienced by the PilgrimsPassage TwoRecently, one of my best friend Jennie, with whom I have shared just about everything since the first day of kindergarten, spent the weekend with me. Since I moved to a new town several years ago, we have both always looked forward to the few times a year when we can see each other.Over the weekend, we spent hours and hours, staying up lateinto the night, talking about the people she was hanging around with.She started telling me stories about her new boyfriend, about how he experimented with drugs and was into other self-destructive behavior.I was blown away! She told me how she had been lying to her parents about where she was going and even stealing out to see this guy because they didn’t want her around him. No matter how hard I tried to tell her that she deserver better, she didn’t believe me. Herself-respect seemed to have disappeared.I tried to convince her that she was ruining her future and heading for big trouble. I felt like I was getting nowhere. I just couldn’t believe that she really thought it was acceptable to hang with a bunch of losers, especially her boyfriend.By the time she left, I was really worried about her and exhausted by the experience. It had been so frustrating that I had come close to telling her several times during the weekend that maybe we had just grown too far apart to continue our friendship, but I didn’t. I put the power of friendship to the ultimate test. We’d been friends for far too long. I had to hope that she valued me enough to know that I was trying to save her from hurting herself. I wanted to believe that our friendship could conquer anything.A few days later, she called to say that she had thought long and hard about our conversation, and then she told me that she had broken up with her boyfriend. I just listened on the other end of the phone with tears of joy running down my face. It was one of the truly rewarding moments in my life. Never had I been so proud of a friend.6. What word best sums up Jennie’s boyfriend?A) A drug userB) A loserC) A trouble makerD) A criminal7. What was the attitude of Jennie’s parents towards herrelationship with her boy friend?A) They were rather tolerant.B) They were indifferent to it.C) They thought their daughter deserved a better friend.D) They did not allow her to continue it.8. How did the author react to Jennie’s relationship with her boyfriend?A) She tried her best to dissuade Jennie from continuing it.B) She threatened to break up with Jennie if her advice wasignored.C) She was overcome with pride that Jennie told her about her boy friend.D) She was very angry with Jennie for choosing such a friend.9. How did the author feel when Jennie told her she had broken upwith her boyfriend?A) She felt relived.B) She felt happy and proud.C) She felt frustrated and angry.D) She felt exhausted.10. What message does the author try to convey in this passage?A) The power of true friendship can conquer anything.B) Young people should be careful in choosing their friends.C) Parents should take good care of their children.D) Drugs can destroy innocent young people.答案背下哦亲I. Multiple choices (40%)（每小题2分）1--5 D B A C A 6—10 B D A B AQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:As a century of grand retailing comes to a close, the 94-year-old “merchant prince of Texas”—who turned Neiman Marcus from a small specialty shop into one of the world’s major retail stores—says department stores today must recreate themselves if they are to survive.Marcus is worried that customer service is being ignored. He considers home shopping networks “a step above snake oil peddler(沿街叫卖的小贩).” And despite all the advantages he sees in selling over the Internet, he says it is no substitute for a good salesperson.Today, as head of his own Dallas consultancy(咨询) firm, Marcus is moving into the next century advocating the same philosophy he held throughout the 20th century: focus on quality and service, and sales will take care of themselves.“I’ve always believed that quality is remembered long after the price is forgotten,” says Marcus, who still makes regular visits to the flagship Neiman Marcus store in downtown Dallas, where he looks over new fashion lines, examines the latest fine imported luggage andgreets young salespeople eager to talk with him. “The price of a great meal disappears from the memory, but the price of a bad onewill be remembered for years. If you force a bad buy on a customer, he will never forgive you. ”Marcus puts much of the blame on business schools for what he sees as a lack of quality – and vitality – in department stores. He says the schools are turning out graduates who are excellent money managers and cost cutters, but who lack the skills that helped make the great stores like Macy’s, and his own, into retailing legends. The MBA programs so not teach principles of selling, principles of human understanding, principles of leadership speaking, which, he believes, is the most important thing.“I do not want ‘trained’ salespeople. The word training is the most terrible word.You train dogs and bears to do repetitive action. But with people, you educate them, because no amount of training takes the place of experience that enables them to answer all the questions that customers will ask.”41. What is the problem with department stores today?A. Uncompetitive pricesB. Excessive running costsC. Fierce challenge from the home shopping networkD. Neglect of customer service42. In Marcus‘s view, good salespeople ________.A. will soon be replaced by the InternetB. can compete with peddlersC. ensure the success of a retailing businessD. have recreated department stores43. Which of the following is likely to be long remembered?A. Good serviceB. The price of a good buyC. The price of a bad buyD. Good quality44. What is the problem with MBA programs?A. Failure to teach principles of human understandingB. Too much emphasis on cost cuttingC. Lack of vitalityD. Neglect of strict training45. What is the major difference between training and educating according to Marcus?A. Training is applied to animals while educating is applied to humansB. Training enables the trainee to imitate while educating enriches his experienceC. Training is a terrible word while educating is a wonderful oneD. Training is aimed at action while educating is aimed at answering questionsQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Several commentators and scientists have suggested that it mightin some cases be ethically acceptable to clone existing people. One possibility is generating a replacement for a dying relative. All such possibilities, however, raise the concern that the clone would be treated as less than a complete inddividual, because he or she would likely be subjected to limitation and expectation based on the family’s knowledge of the genetic “twin.” Those expectations might be false, because human personality is only partly determined by genes. The clone of an extrovert(性格外向的人) could have a quite different way of behavior. Clones of athletes, movie stars, entrepreneurs or scientists might well choose different careers because of chance events in early life.Some people have also put forward th e notion that couples in which one member is infertile might choose to make a copy of one or the other partner. But society ought to be concerned that a couple might not treat naturally a child who is a copy of just one of them. Because other methods are available for the treatment of all known types of infertility, conventional therapeutic avenues seem more appropriate. None of the suggested uses of cloning for making copies of existing people is ehically acceptable to my way of thinking, because they are not in the interests of the resulting child. It should go without saying that I am strongly opposed to allowing cloned human embryos to develop so that they can be tissue donors.It nonetheless seems clear that cloning from cultured cells will offer important medical opportunities. Predictions about new technologies are often wrong: societal attitudes change; unexpecteddevelopments occur. Time will tell. But biomedical researchers looking into the potential of cloning now have plenty to do.21. What is the author’s concern about cloing an existing person?A. The clone created will have one defect or another.B. The clone created will be mistreated.C. The clone created is unlikely to fulfill your expectations.D. The clone created is ethically unacceptable.22. It can be inferred from the text that a clone will _____.A. choose the same career as the person it is created fromB. behave in the same way as the person it is created fromC. share the same characteristics with the person it is created fromD. be partially similar in personality to the person it is created from23. According to the passage, one’s personality is determinedby______.A. their genesB. the environment they live inC. both their genes and the environment they live inD. neither their genes nor the environment they live in.24. In the author’s view, which of the following uses of cloning is justifiable?A. To replace a lost relative.B. To help childrenless couples to have a baby.C. To develop tissue donors.D. To culture cells for medical purposes.25. What is autor’s attitude towards cloning technology?A. It should be condemned.B. It has medical potential for scientists to explore.C. It should wait till people’s views change.D. It was unethical from the very beginning.BDCDB单选My son failed to come back home last night. This morning the police came to our house and _B_____ my worst fears that he was injured in a car accident.A) advocated B) confirmed C) insured D) promisedA healthy and better-educated new generation is a___A___for sustainable economic and social development of all countries. A) guaranteeGrandma always paid attention to the needs, wished and feelings of those around her. She was the most _C_____ woman I’ve ever known.A) artificial B) merry C) considerate D) brilliant3. Certainly in our society teachers don't enjoy the respect that is ( ) to doctors and lawyers. A. rewarded B. accorded C. designated D. transferred什么TESTB我们老师说不考有老师说考有点小纠结翻译我们老师说不考书上的有一个关于风险的阅读题，我们老师说不在课本上，可能在什么阅读练习册什么的上面或者别的习题上面，唔·····闲着没事的孩子可以翻一下哈，翻到了求分享~听力是盛婆婆前段时间出差了不知道回来没可以勾兑的孩子加油哈小北的能力就到这了还有作文的话是青少年之自我反省以自我为中心被溺爱之类的作文是在百度上找的不保证正确率而且如果大家都写一样后果很严重参考一下吧The problem of spoiling children has been common these days. With the development of economy and technology, the quality of life has become betterand better. As a result, children today are experiencing more and more enjoyment. Their parents will give me unlimited allowance to satisfy them so as to encourage their children to study harder. Consequently. children are turning in to "little princesses" and "little princes" in today's society. This is definitely not the outcome we would love to see. Since children are going to be the future of our society, it is important to train them to develop a sense of independence as well as responsiblity rather than laziness. Parents should realize the seriousness of this problem soon and start to take actions to rescue their children. Otherwise, our society will eventually move towards a direction that everyone doesn't want to face.。
2006年西南财经大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2006年西南财经大学考博英语真题及详解Part I Vocabulary(15points,0.5point each)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes thesentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single pencilline through the center.1.“Have you any______plans for your future now that you’ve completed your graduate studies?”A.decisiveB.exactC.preciseD.definite【答案】D【解析】句意：既然已经完成了你的本科学习，你对自己的将来有没有确切的计划？definite明确的，确切的。
decisive决定性的。
exact精确的，精密的。
precise精确的，准确的。
2.By moving the radar beam around slowly in circles,we can______the surroundings.A.exploreB.exposeC.exploitD.expand【答案】A【解析】句意：通过圆周缓慢移动雷达束，我们能够探测周围的环境。
explore探测，探究。
expose揭露，暴露。
exploit开采，剥削。
expand使膨胀，扩张。
3.I am confident that I’ll prove to be a tremendous______to your company.A.possessionB.assetC.propertyD.assumption【答案】B【解析】句意：我很有信心会成为贵公司的骨干。
《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(社会问题类 交通法则与交通事故)【圣才出品】
Passage2交通法则与交通事故From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age.We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous disease.A large number of once fatal illness can now be found for the most stubborn remaining disease.The expectation of life has increased enormously.But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before,every day we witness the incredible slaughter of them,women and children on the roads.Man versus the motor-car!It is a never-ending battle which man is losing.Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel,his car becomes the extension of his personality.There is no doubt that the motorcar often brings out a man’s very worst qualities.People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind steering wheel.They swear they are ill mannered and aggressive willful as two-year-olds and uttering selfish.All their hidden frustrations,disappointments and jealousies seem to the surface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that the society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his convenience.Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic;towns are made ugly by huge car parks;the countryside is desecrated by road networks;and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic,to be conveniently forgotten.It is high timea world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life.With regard to driving,the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough.A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate.Here are a few examples of some of the things that might be done.The driving test should be standardized and made for more difficult than it is;all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so;the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least21;all vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety.Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person’s driving ability.Present drinking and driving laws(where they exist)should be made much stricter.Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers,as has been done in the USA.All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned.These measures may sound inordinately harsh.But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all,the world is for human beings not for motorcars.1.The main idea of this passage is______.A.traffic accidents are mainly caused by motoristsB.thousands of people the world over are killed each yearC.the laws of some countries about driving are too laxD.only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents.2.What does the author think of society toward motorists?A.Society criticizes the motorists severely.B.Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.C.Society overlooks their rude driving.D.Victims of accidents are nothing.3.Why does the author say:“his car becomes the extension of his personality”?A.Driving can show his real self.B.Driving can show the other part of his personality.C.Driving can bring out his character.D.His car embodies his temper.4.Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?A.Build more highwaysB.Stricter driving testsC.Test drivers every three yearsD.Raise age limit and lay down safety specifications5.The attitude of the author is______.A.ironicalB.criticalC.appealingitant【答案与解析】1.D作者要表达的中心意思是：只有严格的交通法则才能防止交通事故的发生。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编33(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编33(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．India’s internal structure can never be ______ with Europe’s.A．sameB．similarC．identicalD．equal正确答案：C解析：identical(with)a.同一个：完全相同的(如：That is the identical pen I lost．The fingerprints of no two persons are identical．This copy is identical with the ones you bought last week．)。
same a.相同的，一样的(习惯上与定冠词the连用)。
similar(to)a.相似的，类似的。
equal(to／with)a.相等的，同样的：平等的；胜任的。
2．Louis was asked to ______ the man who stole her purse.A．identifyB．recognizeC．claimD．confirm正确答案：A解析：identify vt．认出，鉴定(身份)；认为……等同于(with)(如：She identified him as her attacker．I cannot identify this signature．Wealth cannot be identified with happiness．)。
recognize vt．认出，识别；承认。
claim vt．声称，主张；说……是自己的，索取。
confirm vt．确定，批准，使巩固，使有效。
3．There was snow everywhere, so that the shape of things was difficult to ______. (2010年四川大学考博试题)A．identifyB．authorizeC．justifyD．rationalize正确答案：A解析：在给出的选项中：identify“识别，鉴定，认明，认同，感同身受”：authorize“授权给，全权委托，允许，认可，批准”；justify“替……辩护，证明合法”：rationalize“使合理化，使有理化”。
东北财经大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题_真题(含答案与解析)-交互(318)
东北财经大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题(总分90, 做题时间180分钟)[*]1.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B2.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B3.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C4.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C5.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C6.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C7.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C8.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B9.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A10.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D[*]1.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B2.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C3.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C4.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D5.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A6.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C7.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A8.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D9.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D10.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C[*]SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN2.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN3.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN4.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN5.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN6.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN7.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN8.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN9.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN10.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN11.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN12.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN13.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN14.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN15.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN16.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN17.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN18.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN19.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN20.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:B[*]SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN2.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN3.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN4.A B C D该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0.5 答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN5.A B C D该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0.5 答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN6.A B C D该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0.5 答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN7.A B C D该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0.5 答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN8.A B C D该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0.5 答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN9.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN10.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN11.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN12.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN13.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN14.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN15.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN16.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN17.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN18.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN19.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN20.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:A[*]SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 10答案:SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 10答案:[*]1.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 10答案:1。
中央财经大学+考博真题+英语+2007-2013
中央财经大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Vocabulary (15%)Section ADirections:In this section there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that completes best the sentence.1. The discovery of the Americas began ____ of adventure.A. a semesterB. a spellC. an epochD. a span2. All the ____ of the hotel were evacuated when the fire began.A. pioneersB. settlersC. inhabitantsD. residents3. The roses I left in the car yesterday started to ____ after a couple of hours in the heat.A. wiltB. blossomC. budD. bloom4. The two runners crossed the line ____.A. s ometimesB. simultaneouslyC. f r equentlyD. henceforth5. She was not crying but her eyes were ____.A. a ridB. m oistC. s oakedD. dr y6. Some sportsmen ____ to relax before a contest.A. meditateB. predictC. conceiveD. assume7. When there are so many important things to be done, why does she insist on so many ____ distractions?A. drasticB. crucialC. v italD. petty8. A ____ businessman is one who destroys his competitors.A. ge nerousB. s pitefulC. r u thlessD. humane9. The price of housing has remained ____ for six months.A. a gileB. dynamicC. s tationaryD. i n ert10. With a ____ effort he won a million dollars.A. m inimalB. di m inutiveC. m icroscopeD. d warfSection BDirections:In this section there are 20 sentences. Each sentence has one underlined word or phrase. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should identify one of the four choices which would best keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.11. The breadfruit is a round fruit with a rough rind, and a soft pulpy inside.A. s kinB. hus kC. s hellD. bl o om12. Frederick E. Taylor was the pioneer of scientific management.A. immigrantB. inventorC. f o eD. a lly13. The almond, native to the Mediterranean, grows abundantly in California.A. r e lativeB. pi o neerC. originalD. i m migrant14. Freshwater turtles can survive in frigid waters for three months without oxygen.A. balmyB. sultryC. freezingD. sweltering15. The parched landscape of salt flats is often used to break world land speed records.A. dr i edB. s oakedC. s ultryD. c hilly16. The fruit does well in hot and humid climates.A. a ridB. dampC. s oakedD. de siccated17. Sedatives calm a person without actually inducing sleep.A. pr o longingB. s ubsidingC. gettingD. c ausing18. F. D. Roosevelt was the only man to have been elected president of the United States four successive times.A. s ignificantB. consecutiveC. not a bleD. s ymmetrical19. Aqueducts built during the Roman Empire may still be seen in many parts of Europe.A. B athsB. Water c analsC. RoadsD. Air pi p es20. Guam, as island in the West Pacific, was ceded to the United States.A. gi v en ov er t oB. a ttacked byC. r u led byD. i n fluenced by21. Hypertension is one of the most widespread and potentially dangerous diseases.A. c olossalB. popularC. c ommonD. s cattered22. Jazz appeared as a unique form of American music in the 1920s.A. obs cureB. s carceC. v italD. s ingular23. Gregor Mendel conceived of the laws of heredity from observing the growth of peas.A. a ssumedB. r e minisced ofC. t h ought ofD. m editated a bout24. Harriet Beecher Stowe was an obscure writer until the publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin.A. a nonymousB. eminentC. i n famousD. unknown25. After years of work and contemplation, the Native American Sequoyah single-handedly invented a written language for his people.A. worryB. sicknessC. deep thoughtD. l o neliness26. The profuse tropical forests of the Amazon are inhabited by different kinds of animals.A. wildB. distantC. abundantD. immersed27. Although Langston Hughes is better known for his poetry, he also wrote a two-volume autobiography.A. book about someone else’s l i feB. book a bout hi s ow n l i feC. book about many people’s l i vesD. bo ok a bout t h e l i fe of a nimals28. Paul Revere daringly rode through the New England countryside to warn the colonists.A. be nevolentlyB. c ourageouslyC. apprehensivelyD. mercilessly29. Ketchup was developed from a tasty, spicy Chinese sauce made of pickled fish and shellfish in the 17th century.A. insipidB. f l avoredC. blandD. s our30. Many of America’s parks and monuments have been made possible by the generous donations of its citizens.A. ki n dheartedB. unw antedC. s elfishD. m eaninglessPart II Cloze (10%)Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on Answer Sheet.The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of _31_.The 32 of language is also obscure. No doubt it began very gradually. Animals have a few cries that serve 33 signals, 34 even the highest apes have not been found able to pronounce words, 35 with the most intensive professional instruction. The superior brain of man is apparently 36 for the mastering of speech. When man became sufficiently intelligent, we mustsuppose that he 37 the number of cries for different purposes. It was a great day 38 he discovered that speech could be used for narrative. There are those who think that 39 picture language preceded oral language. A man 40 a picture on the wall of his cave to show 41 direction he had gone, or 42 prey he hoped to catch. Probably picture language and oral language developed side by side. I am inclined to think that language 43 the most important single factor in the development of man.Two important stages came not 44 before the dawn of written history. The first was the domestication of animals; the second was agriculture. Agriculture was 45 in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable 46 our own machine age. Agriculture made possible 47 immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be successfully practiced. 48 were, at first, only those in which nature fertilized the soil 49 each harvest. Agriculture met with violent resistance from the pastoral nomads, but the agricultural way of life prevailed in the end 50 the physical comforts it provided.Part IV Reading Comprehension (50%)Directions:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1The ideal companion machine – the computer – would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in a pleasant manner. Those qualities that make interaction with other people enjoyable would be imitated as closely as possible, and the machine would appear to be charming, and easygoing. Its informal conversational style would make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly unpredictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and intimate style. The machine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it imitated the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another. At an appropriate time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy. The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation. After experiencing a wealth of powerful, well-timed friendship indicators, the user would be very likely to accept the computer as far more than a machine and might well come to regard it as a friend.An artificial relationship of this type would provide many of the benefits that people obtain from interpersonal friendships. The machine would participate in interesting conservation that could continue from previous discussions. It would have a familiarity with the user’s life as revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored. The computer’s own personality would be lively and impressive, and it would develop in response to that of the user. With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner.51. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the ideal companion machine?A. Active i n c ommunication.B. Attractive i n pe rsonality.C. Enjoyable i n pe rformance.D. Unpredictable i n be havior.52. The computer would develop friendships with humans in a(n) ________ way.A. qui c kB. un predictableC. pr o ductiveD. i n conspicuous53. Which of the following aspects is NOT mentioned when the passage discusses the benefits of artificial relationships?A. Being able to pick up an interesting conversation.B. Being sensitive to earlier contract.C. Being ready to learn about the person’s life.D. Having a pleasant and adaptable personality.54. Throughout the passage, the author is ________ in his attitude toward the computer.A. favourableB. criticalC. vagueD. hesitant55. Which might be the most appropriate title of the passage?A. Artificial relationships.B. How to form intimate relationships.C. The affectionate m achine.D. Humans a nd c omputers.Passage 2The uniqueness of the Japanese character is the result of two seemingly contradictory forces: the strength of traditions and selective receptivity to foreign achievements and inventions. As early as the 1860s, there were counter movements to the traditional orientation. Yukichi Fukuzawa the most eloquent spokesman of Japan’s “Enlightenment”, claimed “The Confucian civilization of the East seems to me to lack two things possessed by Western civilization: science in the material sphere and a sense of independence in the spiritual sphere.” Fukuzawa’s great influence is found in the free and individualistic philosophy of the Education Code of 1872, but he was not able to prevent the government from turning back to the canons of Confucian thought in the Imperial Rescript of 1890. Another interlude of relative liberalism followed World War I, when the democratic idealism of President Woodrow Wilson had an important impact on Japanese intellectuals and, especially students: but more important was the Leninist ideology of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. Again in the early 1930s, nationalism and militarism became dominant, largely as a result of failing economic conditions.Following the end of World War II, substantial changes were undertaken in Japan to liberate the individual from authoritarian restraints. The new democratic value system was accepted by many teachers, students, intellectuals, and old liberals, but it was not immediately embraced by the society as a whole. Japanese traditions were dominated by group values, and notions of personal freedom and individual rights were unfamiliar.Today, democratic processes are clearly evident in the widespread participation of the Japanese people in social and political life: yet, there is no universally accepted and stable value system. Values are constantly modified by strong infusions of Western ideas, both democratic and Marxist. School textbooks expound democratic principles, emphasizing equality over hierarchy and rationalism over tradition; but in practice these values are often misinterpreted and distorted, particularly by the youth who translate the individualistic and humanistic goals of democracy into egoistic and materialistic ones.Most Japanese people have consciously rejected Confucianism, but vestiges of the old order remain. An important feature of relationships in many institutions such as political parties, large corporations, and university faculties is the oyabun-kobun or parent-child relation. A party leader, supervisor, or professor, in return for loyalty, protects those subordinate to him and takes general responsibility for their interests throughout their entire lives, an obligation that sometimes evenextends to arranging marriages. The corresponding loyalty of the individual to his patron reinforces his allegiance to the group to which they both belong. A willingness to cooperate with other members of the group and to support without qualification the interests of the group in all its external relations is still a widely respected virtue. The oyabun-kobun creates ladders of mobility which an individual can ascend, rising as far as abilities permit, so long as he maintains successful personal ties with a superior in the vertical channel, the latter requirement usually taking precedence over a need for exceptional competence. As a consequence, there is little horizontal relationship between people even within the same profession.56. The author is mainly concerned withA. explaining the influence of Confucianism on modern JapanB. analyzing the reasons for Japan’s postwar economic successC. discussing some important determinants of Japanese valuesD. describing managerial practices in Japanese industry57. Which of the following is most like the relationship of the oyabun-kobun described in the passage?A. A political candidate and the voting public.B. A gifted scientist and his studentC. Two brothers who are partners in a businessD. A judge presiding at the trial of a criminal defendant58. According to the passage, Japanese attitudes are influenced by the following factors except ________.A. democratic ideals.B. elements of modern Western culture.C. remnants of an earlier social structure.D. prewar economic success.59. It can be inferred that the Imperial Rescript of 1890A. was a protest by liberals against the lack of individual liberty in Japan.B. marked a return in government policies to conservative valuesC. implemented the ideals set forth in the Education Code of 1872.D. was influenced by the Leninist ideology of the Bolshevik Revolution.60. The tone of the passage can best be described asA. neutral and objectiveB. critical and demandingC. enthusiastic a nd s upportiveD. s keptical a nd que stioningPassage 3A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most – people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or declining incomes – he would probably answer: those with declining incomes. Actually, in the years 1947-1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of priceincreases may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices, “In a few months,” she said, “we’ll have to pay more for meat and milk; we’ll have less to spend on other things.” Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer’s resistance may be evoked. This is shown by the following typical comment: “I just don’t pay these prices; they are too high.”The investigations mentioned above were carried on in America. Investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most conducive to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology.61. According to the passage, if one wants to predict the way consumers will spend their money, he should ________.A. rely on traditional assumptions about earning and spendingB. try to encourage or discourage consumers to spend moneyC. carry out investigations on consumer behavior and obtain data on consumers’ incomes andmoney spending motivesD. do researches in consumer psychology in a laboratory62. According to paragraph 2, research surveys have proved that ____.A. price increases always stimulate people to hasten to buy thingsB. rising prices may make people put off their purchase of certain thingsC. women are more sensitive to the rising in prices than menD. the expectations of price increases often make buyers feel angry63. The results of the investigations on consumer psychology carried out in America were ____ those of the investigations made at the same time in Great Britain.A. somewhat different fromB. exactly the same asC. m uch be tter t h anD. not a s good a s64. From the results of the surveys, the writer of this article ____.A. concludes that the saving and spending patterns in Great Britain are better than those inAmericaB. concludes that the consumers always expect prices to remain stableC. concludes that maintaining stable prices is a correct business policyD. does not draw any conclusion65. Which of the following statements is always true according to the surveys mentioned in the passage?A. Consumers will put off buying things if they expect prices to decrease.B. Consumers will spend their money quickly if they expect prices to increase.C. The price condition has an influence on consumer behavior.D. Traditional assumptions about earning and spending are reliable.Passage 4Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal – or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned.Ideas about social class – whether a person is “working-class” or “middle-class” – are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers’ jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her “housekeeping”, would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was – and still is – inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as a top priority, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws to improve job-security, combined with a general rise in the standard of living since the mid-fifties of the 20th century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about “tomorrow”. Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in precious generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather than the old conflicts will reappear, but between different groups.66. Which of the following is seen as the causes of class differences in the past?A. L ife s tyle a nd oc cupation.B. Attitude a nd i n come.C. Income and job security.D. Job security a nd hobbi e s.67. The writer seems to suggest that the description of ____ is closer to truth.A. middle-class w ays of s pending m oneyB. working-class ways of spending the weekendC. working-class drinking habitsD. middle-class attitudes68. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a typical feature of the middle-class?A. D esiring f o r s ecurity.B. M aking l o ng-term plans.C. Having priorities in life.D. Saving money.69. Working-class people’s sense of security increased as a result of all the following factors EXCEPT ________.A. be tter s ocial s ecurityB. m ore j o b oppor t unitiesC. higher l i ving s tandardD. better legal protection70. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?A. Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society.B. The gap between working-class and middle-class young people is narrowing.C. Differences in income will remain but those in occupation will disappear.D. Middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working-class people.Passage 5There have been a great many explanations, some of them very complicated, of the great demand for college education in America, and they are probably all true in some measure. An oversimplified explanation is that over the last fifty years, three generations of the parents of growing children have realized that better education meant better living and, as individuals, and through group action, have pushed and urged that facilities be made available. Happily the nation has been able to provide the colleges, and the students have been admitted to them in ever-increasing numbers. And the consumers of the products of education – government, business in all its forms, and labor – all welcomed the expansion of opportunity because it simplified their problems of employing new workers, and training and placing them.Forty years ago, when the parents of today’s high-school seniors were themselves in school, a high-school education was enough to get ready for most occupations, and, for those occupations, job training took place either in the high school or on the job. A college degree was necessary only for those who wanted to be ministers, doctors, or lawyers, high school teachers, scientists, or scholars. Today most jobs that offer opportunity for growth and advancement are open only to college graduates, for colleges have assumed the task of offering the specific preparation that is needed. There is very little job training in high schools today. Instead they concentrate on preparing students for college.What has happened is that, as business, industry, government, and the professions have expanded, they have developed a need for many varieties of specialists. Colleges and universities, responding to these developments, have organized new programs of study to train these specialists, and in turn these new programs draw students who would not have gone to college forty years ago.For example, almost all of the college programs in business and commerce have developed and the more advanced programs in agriculture and home economics. And there is a long list of other offerings that were not available except in a few experimental programs. Accounting, social science, various forms of administration, public hospital and public health medical technology, and advanced nurses training have been developed in higher education within those same forty years. And as evidence that the process is still continuing, we can see the emergence of atomic technology, unclear engineering, computer technology, and, most recently, international administration.71. In Paragraph 1, the word “consumers” most probably refers to ____.A. high-school graduatesB. college graduatesC. those who employ college graduatesD. those who consume commercial goods72. According to paragraph 2, the parents of today’s high-school students ____.A. did not receive enough high-school educationB. received a level of education which is almost equivalent to that of today’s collegeC. received a level of education high enough for most occupations 40 years agoD. who received only high-school education are not qualified for such professional work as ministers, doctors or lawyers73. Which of the following does not seem to be an explanation of the great demand for collegeeducation in America?A. The parents have realized that higher education means a higher standard of living.B. A high-school education is not “high” enough for most occupations.C. A great need has been developed for many varieties of specialists.D. High schools concentrate mainly on preparing students for colleges.74. Which of the following specialties and programs was the least possibly available in America colleges and universities 40 years ago?A. I n ternational a dministration.B. Computer s cience a nd t e chnology.C. Nuclear engineering.D. Advanced nur s e t r aining.75. What is the theme of the passage?A. A general survey of American colleges and universities.B. The main causes for the development of American higher education.C. The historical development of American colleges and universities.D. The higher education, the better living condition.Part V Translation (10%)Section ADirections:Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your translation on Answer Sheet.If I were a boy again, I would practice perseverance more often, and never give up a thing because it was hard or inconvenient. If we want light, we must conquer darkness. Perseverance can sometimes equal genius in its result. “There are only two creatures,” says a proverb, “who can surmount the pyramids – the eagle and the snail.” If I were a boy again, I would school myself into a habit of attention; I would let nothing come between me and the subject in hand. I would remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once. The habit of attention becomes part of our life, if we begin early enough.Section BDirections:Translate the following paragraph into English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.完善国家计划和财政政策、货币政策等相互配合的宏观调控体系，发挥经济杠杆的调节作用。
《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(社会问题类 当过CEO的政府官员政绩不佳)【圣才出品】
Passage10当过CEO的政府官员政绩不佳Harry Truman didn’t think his successor had the right training to be president.“Poor Ike—it won’t be a bit like the Army,”he said.“He’ll sit there all day saying‘do this,do that,’and nothing will happen.”Truman was wrong about Ike. Dwight Eisenhower had led a fractious alliance—you didn’t tell Winston Churchill what to do—in a massive,chaotic war.He was used to politics.But Truman’s insight could well be applied to another,even more venerated Washington figure: the CEO—turned cabinet secretary.A20-year bull market has convinced us all that CEOs are geniuses,so watch with astonishment the troubles of Donald Rumsfeld and Paul O’Neill.Here are two highly regarded businessmen,obviously intelligent and well-informed, foundering in their jobs.Actually,we shouldn’t be surprised.Rumsfeld and O’Neill are not doing badly despite having been successful CEOs but because of it.The record of senior businessmen in government is one of almost unrelieved disappointment.In fact, with the exception of Robert Rubin,it is difficult to think of a CEO who had a successful career in government.Why is this?Well,first the CEO has to recognize that he is no longer the CEO. He is at best an adviser to the CEO,the president.But even the president is not really the CEO.No one is.Power in a corporation is concentrated and vertically structured.Power in Washington is diffuse and horizontally spread out.Thesecretary might think he’s in charge of his agency.But the chairman of the congressional committee funding that agency feels the same.In his famous study “Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents,”Richard Neustadt explains how little power the president actually has and concludes that the only lasting presidential power is“the power to persuade.”Take Rumseld’s attempt to transform the cold-war military into one geared for the future.It’s innovative but deeply threatening to almost everyone in Washington.The Defense secretary did not try to sell it to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Congress,the budget office of the White House.As a result,the idea is collapsing.Second,what power you have,you must use carefully.For example,O’Neill’s position as Treasury secretary is one with little formal authority.Unlike Finance ministers around the world,Treasury does not control the budget.But it has symbolic power.The secretary is seen as the chief economic spokesman for the administration and,if he plays it right,the chief economic adviser for the president.O’Neill has been publicly critical of the IMF’s bailout packages for developing countries while at the same time approving such packages for Turkey, Argentina and Brazil.As a result,he has gotten the worst of both worlds.The bailouts continue,but their effect in holstering investor confidence is limited because the markets are rattled by his skepticism.Perhaps the government doesn’t do bailouts well.But that leads to a third rule:you can’t just quit.Jack Welch’s famous law for re-engineering General Electric was to be first or second in any given product category,or else get out ofthat business.But if the government isn’t doing a particular job at peak level,it doesn’t always have the option of relieving itself of that function.The Pentagon probably wastes a lot of money.But it can’t get out of the national-security business.The key to former Treasury secretary Rubin’s success may have been that he fully understood that business and government are,in his words,“necessarily and properly very different.”In a recent speech he explained,“Business functions around one predominate organizing principle,ernment,on the other hand,deals with a vast number of equally legitimate and often potentially competing objectives—for example,energy production versus environmental protection,or safety regulations versus productivity.”Rubin’s example shows that talented people can do well in government if they are willing to treat it as its own separate,serious endeavour.But having been bathed in a culture of adoration and flattery,it’s difficult for a CEO to believe he needs to listen and learn,particularly from those despised and poorly paid specimens,politicians,bureaucrats and the media.And even if he knows it intellectually,he just can’t live with it.1.For a CEO to be successful in government,he has to______.A.regard the president as the CEOB.take absolute control of his departmentC.exercise more power than the congressional committeeD.become acquainted with its power structure2.In commenting on O’Neill’s record as Treasury Secretary,the passage seems to indicate that______.A.O’Neill has failed to use his power wellB.O’Neill policies were well receivedC.O’Neill has been consistent in his policiesD.O’Neill uncertain about the package he’s approved3.According to the passage,the differences between government and business lie in the following areas EXCEPT______.A.nature of activityB.option of withdrawalC.legitimacy of activityD.power distribution4.The author seems to suggest that CEO-turned government officials______.A.are able to fit into their new rolesB.are unlikely to adapt to their new rolesC.can respond to new situations intelligentlyD.may feel uncertain in their new posts【答案与解析】1.D A项是视总统为CEO，这与原文第四段中“But even the president is not really theCEO.”是不符的；B项也不合题意，因为“Power in Washington is diffuse and horizontally spread out.”(政府权力是分散的，是水平分布的。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编49(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编49(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．If you want to go to the concert, you’ll have to make a______, or there will be no tickets. (2003年上海交通大学考博试题)A．reservationB．punctualityC．complimentD．clarity正确答案：A解析：本题空格处是说你得预定。
A项的“reservation预约，预定”符合题意。
2．One of the most interesting inhabitants of our world is the bee, an insect which is indigenous to all parts of the globe except the polar regions.(2003年电子科技大学考博试题)A．residentsB．petsC．intimatesD．creatures正确答案：A解析：本题中，inhabitant的意思是“居民”。
四个选项中，residents的意思是“居民”，如：City residents complain that migrant workers have threatened to take already scarge urban jobs．(城市居民抱怨民工威胁着本来已很紧张的城市就业机会。
)pets的意思是“宠物”；intimates的意思是“亲密伙伴”；creatures的意思是“人，动物，傀儡”。
只有A项符合题意。
3．They seized Belgrade, though only after having encountered a stubborn______.A．resistanceB．oppositionC．challengeD．attack正确答案：A解析：resistance(to)n．抵抗，反抗，抵制：抵抗力；阻力．电阻(如：There has been much resistance to the new law．Copper has less resistance to electricity than many other metals．)。
《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(历史地理类 泰坦尼克号与珍珠港)【圣才出品】
Passage1泰坦尼克号与珍珠港Moviegoers may think history is repeating itself this weekend.The summer’s most anticipated film,Pearl Harbor,which has opened recently,painstakingly recreates the Japanese attack that drew the United States into World War II.But that isn’t the film’s only reminder of the past.Harbor invites comparison to Titanic,the biggest hit of all time.Like Titanic,Harbor heaps romance and action around a major historical event.Like Titanic,Harbor attempts to create popular global entertainment from a deadly real-life.Like Titanic,Harbor costs a pretty penny and hopes to get in even more at the box office.Both Titanic and Pearl Harbor unseal their tales of love and tragedy over more than three hours.Both stories center on young passion,triangles of tension with one woman and two men.In Titanic,Leonardo DiCaprio and Billy Zane compete for the love of the same woman,a high-society type played by a British actress named Kate（Winslet）.In Harbor,two pilots（Ben Affelek,Josh Hartnett）fall for the same woman,a nurse played by a British actress named Kate（Beckinsale）.The scenes of peril also have similarities.Harbor has a shot in which soldiers cling for dear life as the battleship USS Oklahoma capsizes.The moment is recalled of the Titanic’s climactic sinking scene in which DiCaprio and Winslet hang from the ocean liner as half of the ship vertically plunges into the water.In Harbor,one of its stars floats a piece of debris in the middle of the night,much like Winslet’s character does in Titanic.And the jaw-dropping action of Titanic is matched by Harbor’s40-minute recreation of Dec.7,1941attack on the United States’Pacific Fleet.Both films spent heavily on special effects.Harbor director,Michael Bay,for example,said he kept salaries down,so more could be spent on the visuals.Both movies’shot events and their ship-sinking scenes were completed at the same location,Fox Studios Baja in Mexico.Harbor’s makers have even taken a Titanic-like approach to the soundtrack. The film includes one song,There You’ll be,performed by country music superstar Faith Hill.Titanic,which is one of the best-selling soundtracks of all time, also had only one pop song:Celine Dion’s My Heart Will Go On.“If Harbor becomes a major moneymaker,filmmakers may comb history books searching for even more historical romance-action material,”said a critic.1.What are the two things that the author of this article tries to compare?A.The attack on Pearl Harbor and the sinking of the Titanic.B.Historical fiction movies and successful box office hits.C.The movie Titanic and the on-show movie Pearl Harbor.D.Sinking boats and famous actors.2.What does the phrase“cost a pretty penny”in the first paragraph mean?A.To be very attractiveB.To cost a lotC.To have big box office returnsD.To require a lot of effort to accomplish3.It is said in the passage that______.A.major historical events can never repeat themselvesB.both Titanic and Pearl Harbor are the historical reappearanceC.Pearl Harbor may have a better box office return than TitanicD.Titanic is the most successful film in history4.Pearl Harbor and Titanic are similar in all the following aspects EXCEPT______.A.both spent large amount of money on special effectsB.both have soundtracks starring a major pop starC.both added made-up stories to historical eventsD.both are documentary movies of historical events5.If Pearl Harbor is as successful as Titanic,which of the following movies might we see next?A.The Battle of Waterloo.B.The Adventures of Mr.Bean.C.Space Invaders.D.The Haunted House.【答案与解析】1.C文章中多处表达证明本题的正确答案是C。
2007年考研英语真题（含答案解析）
2007年考研英语真题（含答案解析）2007年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9, there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aidfrom Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1. [A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples[D] individuals2. [A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly[D] hopefully3. [A] shared[B] forgot[C] attained[D] rejected4. [A] related[B] succession[C] right[D] return6. [A] Presumably[B] Incidentally[C] Obviously[D] Generally7. [A] unique[B] common[C] particular[D] typical8. [A] freedom[B] origin[C] impact[D] reform9. [A] therefore[B] however[C] indeed[D] moreover10. [A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by11. [A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted[D] funded12. [A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While14. [A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion[D] influence15. [A] support[B] cry[C] plea[D] wish16. [A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised17. [A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original18. [A] slower[B] faster[C] easier[D] tougher19. [A] created[B] produced[C] contributed[D] preferred20. [A] puzzled by[B] hostile to[C] pessimistic about[D] unprepared forSection II Reading Comprehension Part ADirections:If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills;b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers –whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming –are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the texttries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as,What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A] Answering philosophical questions.[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may beintelligence.28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computationalprocedures.[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional test are out of date.30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fellsick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent –and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33. According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families’ investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year –from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley – have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.” Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations.[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems tofind out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the pointthat[A] shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bossesfail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids’ Work SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG. Build Your Kids’ Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness.”⼤41家/doc/d12d9666935f804d2b160b4e767f5acfa0c7836f.htmlYou can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically reviewtheir emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.⼤42家/doc/d12d9666935f804d2b160b4e767f5acfa0c7836f.htmlKids need a range of authentic role models – as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.⼤43家/doc/d12d9666935f804d2b160b4e767f5acfa0c7836f.htmlTeachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.⼤44家/doc/d12d9666935f804d2b160b4e767f5acfa0c7836f.htmlPlaying video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.⼤45家/doc/d12d9666935f804d2b160b4e767f5acfa0c7836f.htmlThey should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doingnot to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to you university library, making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.2007年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1. B2. D3. A4. C5. C6. D7. B8. A9. B 10. C11. A 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B16. D 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points) Part A (40 points)21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B36. D 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. DPart B (10 points)41. F 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. EPart C (10 points)46. 长久以来，法律知识在这类学校⾥⼀起被视为律师们专有的，⽽不是⼀个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。
2007医博统考听力题解析原文
2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B DNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. To do some experiments. B. To attend a class.C. To review his lessons.D. To take a test.2. A. In a hotel. B. In the hospital. C. In the prison. D. At the airport.3. A. He got an ulcer in his stomach. B. He got hurt in the soccer game.C. He will be discharged soon.D. He got his tumor removed.4. A. She told a lie so as not to hurt Jimmy. B. She left because she had a headache.C. She hurt Jimmy by telling him a lie.D. She slept off her headache.5. A. His new car is not fast enough.B. His new car moves very fast.C. His new car is a real bargain.D. His new car is somewhat of a financial burden.6. A. Get more time to relax. B. Take some tranquilizers.C. Seek a second opinion.D. Avoid her responsibilities.7. A. He got a headache while establishing the institute.B. He had a hard time getting the institute started.C. Everything was OK at the beginning.D. Avoid her responsibilities.8. A. Excited. B. Frustrated. C. Annoyed. D. Relieved.9. A. Each class lasts an hour.B. The class is meeting in an hour and a half.C. The class meets four hours and a half per week.D. The class meets for half an hour three times a week.10. A. The woman was a good skier. B. The woman couldn’t ski.C. The woman didn’t intend to go skiing.D. The woman didn’t like Swiss.11. A. She’s an insurance agent. B. She’s an insurance client.C. She’s a bank clerk.D. She’s a driver.12. A. He tripped over some crutches. B. He had rheumatism in his legs.C. He sprained his foot.D. He broke his leg.13. A. The vacation is almost gone.B. The vacation has just started.C. They are prepared for the new semester.D. They can’t wait for the new semester.14. A. She was knocked down by a feather. B. She is shamed of Larry.C. She was really surprised.D. She was proud of Larry.15. A. To visit his son. B. To perform an operation.C. To have an operation.D. To send his son for an operation.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16. A. A pharmacist. B. A visitor. C. A physician. D. A dieter.17. A. Cough. B. Diarrhea. C. Headache. D. Stomach upset.18. A. Pain-killers. B. Cough syrup. C. Antidiarrheas. D. Indigestion tablets.19. A. The cold weather. B. Tiredness caused by traveling.C. The strange food he had eaten.D. The greasy food he had eaten.20. A. Take the medicine from the woman. B. Go to see a specialist.C. Stop eating and drinking for a few days.D. Stay in bed for a couple of days.Passage Two21. A. Headaches. B. Insomnia.C. Respiratory problems.D. Digestive problems.22. A. On Monday in Edinburgh. B. On Wednesday in Edinburgh.C. On Monday at Staffordshire University.D. On Wednesday at Staffordshire University.23. A. 94. B. 41. C. 130. D. 135.24. A. The subjects were asked to write of their free will.B. The subjects were asked to write in a systematic way.C. The subjects were asked to say how often they made entries.D. The subjects were asked if they had written down anything traumatic.25. A. The diarists who write of their free will.B. The diarists who were students at Staffordshire University.C. The diarists who had written about trauma.D. The non-diarists who were susceptible to headaches.Passage Three26. A. A brief history of British pubs.B. Beer—the British national drink.C. Various attempts made to curb drinking in Britain.D. The frustrating opening and closing hours of British pubs.27. A. As early as 659 AD. B. After 659 AD.C. Before the Roman invasion.D. After the Roman invasion.28. A. To restrict drinking hours.B. To restrict travelers to certain drinks.C. To encourage the locals to drink in other towns,D. To encourage inns to lodge various kinds of people.29. A. People were better off.B. The government failed to persuade people from drinking.C. There appeared a new cheap drink.D. Drinkers had found various ways to get around the taws.30. A. The licensing hours have been extended.B. Old people are not allowed to drink in pubs.C. Children are not allowed yet to drink in pubs.D. Big changes have taken place in pubs.2007全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension(30%)Section A1. D 由男士的话I have an exam in about twenty minutes可知他正赶去做测验。
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2007年西南财经大学考博英语真题及详解Part I Vocabulary(15points,0.5point each)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A.B.C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes thesentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single pencilline through the center.1.A number of______clients have expressed their interest in our business.A.possibleB.potentialC.originalD.relevant【答案】B【解析】potential潜在的。
possible可能的，可以接受的。
original最初的，原始的。
relevant有关系的。
2.I’m pleased to hear of your job offer—all that hard work at school has obviously______.A.paid offB.taken its tollC.made a differenceD.shown up【答案】A【解析】pay off回报，成功。
take its toll造成损失。
make a difference有很大不同。
showup露面。
3.Based on the______that every business is now free to formulate its own strategy in light of the changing market.I would predict a marked improvement in the efficiency of China’s economy.A.guidanceB.instructionC.premiseD.quantity【答案】C【解析】on the premise that在…的前提下。
guidance指导，导航。
instruction指示，说明书。
quantity数量。
4.The aircraft base is protected with specially designed shelters which are built to______ground and air attacks.A.paid offB.withstandC.contestD.contend【答案】B【解析】withstand抵御，抵挡。
pay off回报，成功。
contest竞赛。
contend争取，争论。
5.He should______what he’s good at,and not switch to something he knows nothing about.A.take onB.stick toC.go afterD.live on【答案】B【解析】stick to坚持。
take on承担，呈现。
go after追求。
live on靠…生活。
6.His testimony is of no______to the case.A.relevanceB.relationC.substanceD.connection【答案】A【解析】句意：他的证词对本案无关痛痒。
be of relevance to对…重要的，有关系的。
relation关系。
substance物质。
connection连接，其用法为in connection with与…有关。
7.History,______and modern,has taught these people an intense distrust of their neighbors.A.primitiveB.ancientC.religiousD.urban【答案】B【解析】ancient古代的。
primitive初期的，原始的。
religious宗教的。
urban城镇的。
8.It’s already11pm.The little pub around the comer was closed,so we had to______.A.do away withB.do upC.do withoutD.do with【答案】C【解析】do without没有…只好作罢。
do away with免除。
do up收拾。
do with利用，忍受。
9.Great efforts have been put on the study of a new pain-killing medicine which is supposed to ______the headache to a great degree.A.suppressB.relieveC.get rid ofD.cancel【答案】B【解析】relieve缓解。
suppress镇压。
get rid of摒弃。
cancel取消。
10.Most people like crystal because of its______physical quality,which makes it seemmagnificent.A.transparentB.opaqueC.brightD.visible【答案】A【解析】transparent透明的。
opaque不透明的。
bright明亮的，闪光的。
visible可见的。
11.Oil can change a society more______than anyone could ever imagined.A.uniquelyB.drasticallyD.severely【答案】B【解析】drastically彻底地。
uniquely独特地。
delicately微妙地。
severely激烈地。
12.Despite his passionate persuasive speech,she______his proposal with a slow wave of herhand.A.eliminatedB.removedC.got rid ofD.dismissed【答案】A【解析】eliminate淘汰。
remove移除。
get rid of摒弃。
dismiss解雇。
13.The farm ministers scheduled an emergency meeting in Luxembourg in hopes of easing theworldwide"mad cow"______.A.crisisB.panicC.hazardD.danger【答案】B【解析】panic恐慌。
crisis危机。
hazard威胁。
danger危险。
14.You can______the video camera on a tripod,so that you don’t have to worry about holdingit steady while you ask questions.A.withstandB.implementC.mountD.dwell【答案】C【解析】mount…on…把…固定在…上。
withstand忍受。
implement实施。
dwell居住。
15.We shall offer you advice,but you are under no______to follow it.A.pursuitB.obligationmand【答案】B【解析】under obligation有义务。
pursuit追求。
under command被…指挥。
under instruction奉命。
16.This biography offers only a few______of his life before he became famous.A.glimpsesB.glaresC.glittersD.gleams【答案】A【解析】a glimpse of一点…。
glare强烈的闪光。
glitter灿烂的光辉。
gleam微弱的闪光。
17.One of the reasons why metal could substitute for salt as money is that it is more______.A.durableB.lightC.strongD.sustainable【答案】A【解析】durable耐用的。
light重量轻的。
strong强壮的。
sustainable可延续的。
18.The experiment didn’t succeed until the researcher realized that temperature was anessential______factor.A.steadyB.constantC.changeableD.continual【答案】B【解析】constant temperature恒温。
steady稳定的。
changeable可变化的。
continual持续的。
19.The attack at Pearl Harbor______a sharp response from American citizens,which pushedAmericans to the world war.unchedC.provokedD.extracted【答案】C【解析】provoke激发。
launch发射。
retreat撤退。
extract提炼出。
20.It is rude to______when two persons are holding a conversation.A.stand in betweenB.stand byC.cut downD.cut in【答案】D【解析】cut in插嘴。
stand in between隔断。
stand by旁观。
cut down砍倒，削减。
21.Most of the amateur contestants were______from the competition in the first round.A.defeatedB.eliminatedC.dischargedD.distinguished【答案】B【解析】eliminate淘汰。