2015上海高考作文题目
2015上海高考英语作文真题【带范文】
三一文库（）〔2015上海高考英语作文真题【带范文】〕我校将举办读书节活动，需要从下面三幅图片中选出你喜欢的一幅作为宣传图片，请你给老师写一封信，内容应包括：1、你的选择2、图片的简要，描述3、你的理由▲【参考范文】第1页共3页Word came that a reading festival would be held byour school and there is a need for a picture for advertisement and I am writing to give my opinion. Frommy perspective , I am in favor of the picture in thetop right corner.As is vividly depicted in that picture, around thetable sit three kids with a couple of books in their hands, having a heated discussion about the contentsand sharing their thoughts for the themes, which showstheir dedication and passion for reading.Basically, several reasons are listed for my preference. First, nothing is more attractive than aproper and realistic picture. This picture serves asan epitome of our daily reading scene in the school andit is apt to let students recall the joy and harvestwhile reading.23。
2015年上海高考语文试题(含答案)
2015年上海高考语文试题考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
4．考试时间150分钟。
试卷满分150分。
一阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1—6题。
（17分）地图与理论模型①工程师在设计汽车时会按比例制作汽车模型，这种实物模型可以直观地呈现出汽车的构造，而且可以让一些实验更加便捷。
举办一场宴会前，我们会思考应该邀请谁参加、需要准备哪些食物等，这时我们其实也构建了一个模型。
这种模型与汽车模型不同，它不是一种实物，而是一种“理论”。
科学家的工作与此相似，也是构建某种理论模型，只是这类模型的特点理解起来比较困难。
②地图也是一种模型。
地图与理论模型的类比有助于我们了解理论模型的特点。
我们先来做一个练习。
请看一张某大学校园的局部地图：③这张地图的右边画有一个箭头。
请问：箭头指示的东西足什么？④人们通常会回答：箭头指示的是一幢建筑。
如果我说这答案不仅是错的，而且根本不着边，你会怎样想？你肯定会怀疑这是个把戏。
没错，你的怀疑是正确的，但这个把戏的背后却是最为核心的问题。
⑤正确的答案是，箭头指示的是一个矩形图框。
这就是真正为箭头所指的东西。
人们会回答箭头指向了一幢建筑物，是因为根据地图和与之对应的实际环境，矩形图框显然表示一幢建筑物。
但建筑物只是矩形图框所表示的物体，而不是矩形图框本身。
⑥这个练习的目的是指出地图与其所表示的对象不是一码事。
当然，这只是一个把戏，生活中没有人会混淆地图上的一个矩形图框和现实中的一幢建筑。
毕竟．．，你可以将一张街道地图折起来放进你的口袋，却不可能把一个街道折起来放进口袋。
而理论模型与客观对象间的差别却容易被人忽略，这需要我们格外注意。
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文试题(上海卷含解析)
上海语文试卷考生注意：1、本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分.。
2、答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名.。
3、答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应，答题时应特别注意，不能错位.。
4、考试时间150分钟，试卷满分150分.。
一阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1——6题.。
（17分）地图与理论模型①工程师在设计汽车时会按比例制作汽车模型，这种实物模型可以直观地呈现出汽车构造，而且可以让一些实验更加便捷.。
举办一场宴会前，我们会思考应该邀请谁参加、需要准备哪些食物等，这是我们其实也构建了一个模型.。
这种模型与汽车模型不同，它不是一种实物，而是一种“理论”.。
科学家工作与此相似，也是构建某种理论模型，只是这类模型特点理解起来比较困难.。
②地图也是一种模型，地图与理论模型类比有助于我们了解理论模型特点.。
我们先来做一个练习.。
请看一张某大学校园局部地图：③这张地图右边画有一个箭头.。
请问：箭头指示东西是什么？④人们通常会回答：箭头指示是一幢建筑.。
如果我说这答案不仅是错，而且根本不着边，你会怎样想？你肯定会怀疑这是个把戏.。
没错，你怀疑是正确，但这个把戏背后却是最为核心问题.。
⑤正确答案是，箭头指示是一个矩形图框.。
这就是真正为箭头所指东西.。
人们会回答箭头指向了一幢建筑物，是因为根据地图和与之对应实际环境，矩形图框显然表示一幢建筑物，但建筑物只是矩形图框所表示物体，而不是矩形图框本身.。
⑥这个练习目是指出地图与其所表示对象不是一码事.。
当然，这只是一个把戏，生活中没有人会混淆地图上一个矩形框和现实中一幢建筑.。
毕竟．．，你可以将一张街道地图折起来放进你口袋，却不可能把一个街道折起来放进口袋.。
而理论模型与客观对象间差别却容易被人忽略，这需要我们格外注意.。
2015年高考上海卷高分作文
2015年高考上海卷高分作文【真题在线】根据以下材料，自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章（不要写成诗歌）。
人的心中总有一些坚硬的东西，也有一些柔软的东西。
如何对待他们，将关系到能否造就和谐的自我。
温柔与倔强上海一考生人的心中总有一些坚硬的东西，也有一些柔软的东西，如何对待它们，将关系到能否造就和谐的自我。
也许每个人都是双重的性格，有活泼感伤的一面，也有坚毅倔强的一面。
一个人内心是需要坚硬的。
在这个弱肉强食的时代，我们不能做多愁善感的林黛玉，要成为像薛宝钗那样雷厉风行的人。
在这个竞争激烈的社会中，你必须坚强，掌控自己的命运。
受了委屈，对新环境不适应，工作不顺利，都需要自己慢慢调节，不能乞求别人的怜悯与帮助。
这个时候不坚强，不让自己变得坚硬起来，便只能被淘汰。
前段时间网上有一句特别流行的话：不管昨夜经历了怎样的泣不成声，早晨醒来这个城市依然车水马龙。
每个人生活的背后都充满了辛酸与艰辛，每个人都经历过挣扎与无奈，但有些人只懂得哭泣，有些人则变得坚毅与强大，正是因为有这些坚强的人的存在，社会的车轮才会永无止境地滚滚向前。
然而，一个人坚强得久了，生活似乎慢慢就会演变成一种机械化的模式，机械地上班，搭乘公交地铁，下班回家，吃饭，睡觉……一切都索然无味。
这个时候，你还会因为听到一首好歌而感动得热泪盈眶吗？你还会跟着电影里主人公命运的起伏转折或哭或笑吗？上班的路上看到活泼的小学生们蹦蹦跳跳地手拉着手上学，你还会不自觉地露出欣慰和爱怜的微笑吗？如果你还会，说明你内心还尚存温柔，你的生活没有被这种所谓的都市规则彻底笼罩。
因为温柔，会为一只猫感动，会为一只鸟驻足，辛苦繁杂的生活过后，偶尔还能感受生活的浪漫，于是一切就不会那么枯燥无聊。
每个人都想过得开心一点，单纯一点，无忧无虑。
无所谓温柔，也无所谓倔强，一个人时，听点音乐打发一下时间，悠扬的旋律会让自己心情舒畅。
就这样，沉浸在音乐的海洋里，去静静地享受一个轻松而单纯的世界。
2015上海高考作文
人人心中都有柔软与坚硬，如何调动软硬，才是终极 的大智慧，它会造就一个真正和谐的人。而老子的“音声 相和”中，音与声的比重，也是最后是否能奏出和谐旋律 的重点。其实本能的反应会帮助我们调和软硬的比例，但 要更精进，每个个体必须从自己的特性出发，去感悟，去 试炼，去无限接近最和谐的自我。 一个和谐的自我，里面必定深藏着一份高贵独立，还 深藏着一份亲切可依。 （Ending)
• 范文 软硬相和，自我谐和
洋洋五千言神秘而辽远的《老子》中有这样的话语： “高下相倾，音声相和”。只有音与声相和，才能交织出 和谐的韵律；作为独立的人类个体，我们的内心也是坚硬 与柔软并存，必以合适的方式面对这种存在状态，方能造 就谐和的自我。 我们的内心可以柔情温婉，也可以坚韧刚劲。民国时期 有很多养尊处优的大家小姐，在温存雅致的氛围中成长， 柔情似水，温情楚楚，后来战争突起，风云忽变，在生存 环境的剧烈摇摆下，很多大家闺秀都不是软弱绝倒，而是 调动起内心坚韧的一面，支撑起家人的生活。中国古典诗 词研究界的叶嘉莹先生、复旦校花严幼韵女士，无不如此。 正是这种刚柔相济，使她们内心谐和，叶嘉莹先生才能在 高龄之下精神矍铄，身体已老，但心灵还在诗词研究上生 生不已；严幼韵女士才能始终保持高雅仪态，身体也已年 过百年，精神依然自在活泼。
1.从性格的角度： 硬——性格的坚强； 软——性格的柔韧。 例如水，硬：水滴石 穿；软：上善若水。
2.从处世的角度： 硬——坚持原则； 软——处事变通
3.从思考方式的角度： 硬——硬性的科学准 则（理智）； 软——文学、艺术、 情感（感性）。
4.作文素材
• 1、鲁迅说：“若举世唯科学是崇，则人生将归于枯寂”。
中心论点：作为独立的人类个体，我们的内心也是坚硬与柔 软并存，必以合适的方式面对这种存在状态，方能造就谐和 的自我。 分论点：1.我们的内心可以柔情温婉，也可以坚韧刚劲。 （中国古典诗词研究界的叶嘉莹先生、复旦校花严幼韵女士） 2.我们的内心应该要追求柔软的感性，也应该握住冰 冷的理性。（用激情与张扬写就剧本的莎翁。不仅用出色的 学术能力，在人际交往也能张弛自如的罗素。）
2015上海高考作文题目
2015上海高考作文题目【篇一：2015年上海高考作文解析及范文】真题还原：写作 70分26.根据以下材料，自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章（不要写成诗歌）。
人的心中总有一些坚硬的东西，也有一些柔软的东西。
如何对待它们，将关系到能否造就和谐的自我。
命题分析趋势及点评：从2015年上海高考的命题来分析来看，今年的命题依旧延续了之前五年来的命题思路和风格。
从材料特点来看，将比喻型材料和关系型材料合二为一，并且是在设置好的范围中谈关系。
例如2014年上海高考作文是在“沙漠”这个范围中谈“自由”和“不自由”，而今年的作文是在“造就和谐的自我”的范围中谈“坚硬”和“柔软”。
从形式上来看，仍旧是“一行半”的形式。
整个材料阅读起来难度不大，但是观点倾向十分清晰明了，让同学们在落笔之前无限拓展思考的角度。
材料变短了，审题的难度降低了，但是题目内容越来越科学，依然留给考生较大的发挥空间。
从命题思维上来看，上海高考作文仍旧体现了对人性和个体生命的关注，更强调个体的主观能动性对自身的塑造，同时体现了哲学的思辨性。
那是不是上海今年的高考并没有体现出变化呢？周老师认为并非如此，综观近几年的上海高考作文题，可以看出命题者的别具匠心。
首先是将常规的各种类型作文题考查点综合起来，这一综合，就拓展了考生的思路和写作的范围。
比如今年的材料中，对于“坚硬”、“柔软”的分析可以从不同层面引发出去，也可以和社会现象、当今人们的心理结合起来，这样就可以把这个材料写“活”，体现作文的思想性。
其次是观点倾向更清晰，本则材料明确提出了我们要“对待”自己心中的“坚硬”和“柔软”，以达到“造就和谐的自我”的目的，所以过程和方法是多样的，而最后的结果导向是明确的。
这样看来，今年的作文题目相比于前几年就更加科学了。
材料详细解读：1.材料本身的重点词句及关键信息：考生都比较容易找到材料中的关键词——“坚硬”、“柔软”、“和谐的自我”。
这里，周老师要提醒同学们的是：在材料中还有一句不可忽视，造就和谐的自我并不是把心中原有的东西随意组合就可以了，关键是“如何对待它们”。
2015高考语文试题及答案(上海卷)
2015高考语文试题及答案(上海卷)2015年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海语文试卷共150分，考试时间为150分钟。
其中阅读部分占80分，第一部分为阅读理解，本题为第一部分的一道题目。
应该如何正确对待文献综述？在过去的时间里，国内学术界并没有给予文献综述足够的重视。
近年来，随着学术规范的逐渐建立，这种情况逐渐有所改变。
但是，大多数综述都是罗列式的，仅仅是将相关研究一个一个列出来，丝毫感觉不到这些文献之间存在任何内在的关联，甚至也感觉不到这些文献与作者本人的研究有何相干。
这样的综述机械、突兀，有生拼硬凑之嫌，称之为“伪综述”亦不为过。
阅读国际上的顶级学术刊物，会发现以下几个特点：一、书评以外的论文通常有比较翔实的文献综述；二、专门的文献综述性文章通常由该领域的一流学者撰写；三、对相关著作的征引通常采取间接引用的形式，很少直接引用。
与国内的情况相比，这些特点显得非常不同，值得我们深入思考。
为什么必须有文献综述？一篇优秀的文献综述其实就是一幅学术谱系图。
写文献综述不仅是为了陈述以往的相关研究，也不仅仅是为了表示对前辈、同行或知识产权的尊重，更是为了“认祖归宗”，对自己的研究进行定位。
有时候只有把一篇文献放到学术史的脉络中去，放到学术传统中去，我们才能真正理解这个文本：作者为什么要做这项研究？他的问题意识是什么？他试图与谁对话？我们在开始一项研究时也同样要有问题意识和对话意识，不能自说自话。
对话的前提自然是倾听，如果连别人说了什么都不知道，如何进行对话？正是在倾听的过程中，我们发现了“问题”，才需要与对方进行讨论，否则便无话可说。
通过综述的写作，我们就会知道：别人贡献了什么？我打算或者能够贡献什么？我是否在重复劳动？从这个意义上讲，撰写文献综述首先是为了尊重并真正进入一个学术传统，其次才是利他主义功能——为他人提供文献检索的路线图。
1.文献综述的难度和要求。
2.B。
大多通常都。
3.表示仔细听取、关注。
2015年高考语文上海卷-答案
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）语文答案解析第Ⅰ卷阅读一、阅读下文，完成1-6题。
1.【答案】A【解析】原文中“毕竟”用在复句的前一分句表示原因，以示强调。
根据上下文，“因为”最吻合。
B.“况且”表示更进一层，多用来补充说明理由，与“毕竟”语义效果不吻合。
C.“因此”虽然表示因果关系，但是侧重从上述原因中得出的结论，与文中所显示的因果关系前后颠倒，故排除。
D.“也许”是一种委婉假设语气，且“可以将一张街道地图折起来放进你的口袋”并不是一种假设的可能，不合语境。
2.【答案】因为作者故意不使用大家默认的社会约定来解释地图，所以这个练习只是一个把戏。
3.【答案】示例：形象直观地说明理论模型的特点。
4.【答案】C【解析】A.“引出宴会模型”错，第①段中用汽车模型的例子是为了引出“理论模型”这个概念。
B.使用的是比喻的修辞手法，“却不可能（像折一张地图一样）把一个街道折起来放进口袋”。
D.举东方明珠塔和虹桥机场的例子不是因为不能精确测量二者间的距离，而是为了说明地图不能做到完全的精确，具有不完整性。
5.【答案】示例：本文语言还具有平易近人的特点，如文中多次使用设问，使用“我们”“你”等人称代词，拉近了读者与作者的距离。
6.【答案】示例：从文中看，理论模型的特点有：一、理论模型不同于其表示的对象但两者易于混淆；二、理论模型与其表示的对象之间具有结构上的特定相似性；三、理论模型需要一套基于专业知识的约定来构建和解释；四、理论模型是不完美的，主要体现在不完整、不精确两方面。
二、阅读下文，完成第7-11题。
7.【答案】C【解析】概念表述错误，“渲染”作为一种艺术手段，一般侧重于通过（环境）景物描写来渲染气氛；而“作用分析”要围绕环境、景物等做多方面的描写来形容作用，以突出形象，营造意境。
C项错把效果作用指向情感，可用“衬托”。
8.【答案】用干脆有力的“扯、抓、跨”等动词，生动地写出老妇人动作麻利和毫不犹豫，也充分表现出她的热心善良。
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文试题(上海卷,含解析)
上海语文试卷考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
4．考试时间150分钟，试卷满分150分。
一阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1——6题。
（17分）地图与理论模型①工程师在设计汽车时会按比例制作汽车模型，这种实物模型可以直观地呈现出汽车的构造，而且可以让一些实验更加便捷。
举办一场宴会前，我们会思考应该邀请谁参加、需要准备哪些食物等，这是我们其实也构建了一个模型。
这种模型与汽车模型不同，它不是一种实物，而是一种“理论”。
科学家的工作与此相似，也是构建某种理论模型，只是这类模型的特点理解起来比较困难。
②地图也是一种模型，地图与理论模型的类比有助于我们了解理论模型的特点。
我们先来做一个练习。
请看一张某大学校园的局部地图：③这张地图的右边画有一个箭头。
请问：箭头指示的东西是什么？④人们通常会回答：箭头指示的是一幢建筑。
如果我说这答案不仅是错的，而且根本不着边，你会怎样想？你肯定会怀疑这是个把戏。
没错，你的怀疑是正确的，但这个把戏的背后却是最为核心的问题。
⑤正确的答案是，箭头指示的是一个矩形图框。
这就是真正为箭头所指的东西。
人们会回答箭头指向了一幢建筑物，是因为根据地图和与之对应的实际环境，矩形图框显然表示一幢建筑物，但建筑物只是矩形图框所表示的物体，而不是矩形图框本身。
⑥这个练习的目的是指出地图与其所表示的对象不是一码事。
当然，这只是一个把戏，生活中没有人会混淆地图上的一个矩形框和现实中的一幢建筑。
毕竟．．，你可以将一张街道地图折起来放进你的口袋，却不可能把一个街道折起来放进口袋。
而理论模型与客观对象间的差别却容易被人忽略，这需要我们格外注意。
2015年上海高考作文立意
2015年上海高考作文是一个对立面，坚硬与柔软，如何在自身上把握两者的平衡，在这个弱肉强食的时代，我们不能像林黛玉一样风情万种，只有像薛宝钗雷厉风行才可以坚强的生活，现代生活中面对竞争压力，需要坚硬的内心来抵挡压力，也要柔软的内心来适应慢慢消化，这估计就是这篇作文所要反映的主题，下面是这篇2015年上海高考作文立意
2015年上海高考作文题目：
根据以下材料，自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章(不要写成诗歌)。
人的心中总有一些坚硬的东西，也有一些柔软的东西，如何对待它们，将关系到能否造就和谐的自我。
造就和谐自我作文怎么写：
坚硬与柔软本来是对立面，学会如何平衡两者的关系，那么也就造就和谐
一个人内心是需要坚硬的，在这个弱肉强食的当代，风情万种的林黛玉本就难以生存，薛宝钗那样雷厉风行的人才可以独当一面。
这个发展迅猛的社会，竞争不断压力不减，你不坚强，脆弱根本没人管。
2015上海高考英语作文题目及范文
2015上海高考英语作文题目及范文2015上海高考英语作文题目及范文2015年上海高考英语题目：我校将举办读书节活动，需要从下面三幅图片中选出你喜欢的一幅作为宣传图片，请你给老师写一封信，内容应包括：1、你的.选择2、图片的简要，描述3、你的理由2015上海高考英语作文范文Recently, having been delighted to see the notice that there is a need of our reading festival to make a choice among three creative pictures for advertisement. After a long time comparison, the picture on the bottom right corner earns my favor.As is clearly depicted in the picture, there sits a foreigner in front of the library who is concentrating on the books, immersing himself into the world of literature and feeling peaceful and satisfied, which turns out to be thought-provoking and enlightening.Part of the reasons for my choice is that it vividly reveals the significance of reading books to students, which provides you with the power to escape from the hustle and bustle in the metropolis. For instance, whenever you feel puzzled, confused or stressed, you can always refer to books and consequently find peace and satisfactory solutions in them.I’d, however, perfectly appreciate your considering my selection if you feel that choice and reason are in lined with your requirements and best wishes for your reading festival.【171words】。
2015年上海高考语文试题(含参考答案)
2015年上海高考语文试题考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
4．考试时间150分钟。
试卷满分150分。
一阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1—6题。
（17分）地图与理论模型①工程师在设计汽车时会按比例制作汽车模型，这种实物模型可以直观地呈现出汽车的构造，而且可以让一些实验更加便捷。
举办一场宴会前，我们会思考应该邀请谁参加、需要准备哪些食物等，这时我们其实也构建了一个模型。
这种模型与汽车模型不同，它不是一种实物，而是一种“理论”。
科学家的工作与此相似，也是构建某种理论模型，只是这类模型的特点理解起来比较困难。
②地图也是一种模型。
地图与理论模型的类比有助于我们了解理论模型的特点。
我们先来做一个练习。
请看一张某大学校园的局部地图：③这张地图的右边画有一个箭头。
请问：箭头指示的东西足什么？④人们通常会回答：箭头指示的是一幢建筑。
如果我说这答案不仅是错的，而且根本不着边，你会怎样想？你肯定会怀疑这是个把戏。
没错，你的怀疑是正确的，但这个把戏的背后却是最为核心的问题。
⑤正确的答案是，箭头指示的是一个矩形图框。
这就是真正为箭头所指的东西。
人们会回答箭头指向了一幢建筑物，是因为根据地图和与之对应的实际环境，矩形图框显然表示一幢建筑物。
但建筑物只是矩形图框所表示的物体，而不是矩形图框本身。
⑥这个练习的目的是指出地图与其所表示的对象不是一码事。
当然，这只是一个把戏，生活中没有人会混淆地图上的一个矩形图框和现实中的一幢建筑。
毕竟．．，你可以将一张街道地图折起来放进你的口袋，却不可能把一个街道折起来放进口袋。
而理论模型与客观对象间的差别却容易被人忽略，这需要我们格外注意。
2015年上海高考满分作文6篇
【上海2015年高考作文题目】“人的心中总有一些坚硬的东西，也有一些柔软的东西，如何对待它们，将关系到能否造就和谐的自我。
”自选角度，自拟题目。
2015年上海高考满分作文：追求刚柔相济,成就和谐自我人心是刚与柔的统一体，坚硬与柔软的并存使人既得以留有珍贵的棱角，保存鲜明的个性，坚持内心的准则，又得以体味世间的温情，维持人性的温度，感知世事的温暖。
只有刚柔相济，均衡统一的健全人格才得以成就和谐的自我。
太过强硬的人往往过分在意自我意志的实现，过分恪守自我的准则。
性格中不掺柔软的坚硬最终会如一堵围墙一般隔绝与他人的正常交流与交往，将冷漠与隔阂一并种在人心底。
海瑞有“抬棺骂嘉靖”的凌然与强硬，却没有半点柔情留给自己的亲生女儿，恪守三纲五常的伦理，以致将拿了男家丁一块糕饼的女儿饿死。
可见，过分的强硬即意味着不知变通的固执和不懂情感的麻木，最终会如双刃剑一般伤人伤己。
但内心太过柔软同样不好，因为过分的柔软会让人丧失正确的是非观。
当好人与坏人，好事与坏事均被无差别的平等对待，泛滥的爱心与同情心就廉价到无意义，一味的妥协与退让只会促使大罪恶的滋生。
由此观之，过分的强硬与柔软都会导致人格缺憾的产生。
真正和谐的自我，应当如稼轩一样，有“金戈铁马，气吞万里如虎”的铁血豪情，亦有“看美人头上，袅袅春幡”的刻骨柔情；应当像龙应台一般，有与儿子安德烈互通书信的慈母情怀，又有愤而质疑“中国人，你为什么不生气”的浩然正气。
生而为人，我们既要对大是大非的恪守，又应有对小情小爱的珍视；既要坚守住自己的人生准则与态度，又应葆有对风花雪月作出灵敏感知的能力。
梁晓声有言：“以敢憎而与可憎较量，以敢爱而扞卫可爱。
以与可憎之较量而镇压可憎之现象，以爱可爱而扞卫可爱在我们生活中的发扬光大。
”善哉斯言！必要的强硬，才可守住所真爱的柔软；适当的柔软，方可凸显出真正的强硬。
柔软与强硬虽泾渭分明，但并非南辕北辙，事实上，他们相傍相依。
愿我们皆能追求刚柔相济的健全人格，收获自我的和谐统一。
2015年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海卷(附答案及作文范文)
2015年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard.1. A. impatient. B. confused. C. pleased. D. regretful.2. A. at a bus stop. B. at a laundry. C. at the dentist‘s. D. at the chemist‘s.3. A. An actor. B. A salesman. C. A translator. D. A writer.4. A. He lost his classmate‘s homework. B. He can‘t help the woman with her math.C. He broke the woman‘s calculator.D. He doesn‘t know where the ―on‖ button is.5. A. The woman should go to another counter. B. The woman gives the man so many choices.C. The man dislike the sandwiches offered there.D. The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.6. A. She has no idea where to find the man‘s exam result.B. She isn‘t allowed to tell students their grades.C. Dr. White hasn‘t finish grading the papers.D. Dr. W hite doesn‘t want to be contacted while he‘s away.7. A. Move to a neat dormitory. B. Find a person to share their apartment.C. Clean the room with the roommate.D. Write an article about their roommate.8. A. Bob won‘t take her advice. B. Bob doesn‘t want to go abroad.C. She doesn‘t think Bob should study overseas.D. She hasn‘t talked to Bob since he went aboard.9. A. The snack bar isn‘t usually so empty. B. Dessert is served in the snack bar.C. The snack bar is near the library.D. Snacks aren‘t allowed in the library.10. A. Take her bicycle to the repair shop. B. Leave her bicycle outside.C. Clean the garage after the rain stops.D. Check if the garage is dry.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It helps care for customers‘ dogs. B. You have to buy food for dogs.C. None of the dogs are caged.D. There is a dog named Princess.12. A. She likes the food there. B. She enjoys the fun with a pet.C. She can have free coffee.D. She doesn‘t like to be alone.13. A. A new kind of cafe. B. A new brand of cafe.C. A new home for pets.D. A new way to raise pets.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A trend that high achievers are given a lower salary.B. A view that life quality is more important than pay.C. A dream of the young for fast-paced jobs.D. A new term created by high achievers.15. A. 10% B. 12% C. 6% D. 7%16. A. People are less satisfied with their lives. B. The financial investment may increase.C. Well-paid jobs are not easy to find.D. Unexpected problems may arise.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Gift from a strangerMy local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I‘d noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. (25) ______ I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit.Pretty soon I‘d made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26) ______ (empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park.Just as I approached my car, 1 saw the woman I‘d let have my car space earlier. She was giving me (27) ______ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I spotted the same lady (28) ______ (look) in at me. ―Hello,‖ she said, hesitantly. ―This (29) ______ sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother‘s things off at the charity bins.‖ You are just so much (30) ______ her.‖ You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.‖ Sh e looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. ―I think she would like you to have it.‖ (31) ______ (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was (32) ______ (nice) gift I‘d ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.(B)Ask helpful HannahDear helpful Hannah,I‘ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smart phone a couple of months ago and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado, it was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant urge (33) ______ (check) for next messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! He‘s so addicted to it that he just can‘t stand the idea (34) ______ there may be an important text. He can‘t help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He behaves (35) ______ ______ any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn‘t. The temptation to see (36) ______ is connecting him is just too great. When I ask him to put down the phone and stop (37) ______ (ignore) me, he sa y, ―In a minute.‖ but still checks to see if (38) ______ has posted something new on the Internet. Our life (39) ______ (interrupted). If we go somewhere and I ask him to have the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawal symptom. Maybe this dependency on his smart phone has become more than an everyday problem.I recently read an article about ―nomophobia,‖ (40) ______ is a real illness people can‘t suffer from the fear of being without your phone! I am worried that Sam maybe suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn‘t have his phone with him, even for a short time.Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!Sick and Tired SadieSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Considering how much time people spend in offices, it is important that work be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help create a cooperation‗s image. They motivate workers and they mak e an impression on people who visit and might be potential or, 41 , customer. They make businesses work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture we live in.As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers have come up with 42 to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible ―strategic management environments.‖These 43 solutions are to meant to support better organizational performances.As employee hierarchies (等级制度) have flattened or decreased, office designers‘ response to this change has been to move open-plain areas to more desirable locations within the office, and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been 44 by changes in work station design. Offices and work spaces are often not 45 to a given person on a permanent basis because of changes to method of working, new designs allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage, and equipment within the workstation. Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by lowering the walls that46 workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places, and up graded employees‘47 to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms. Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often 48 demands including budgetary limits, employee hierarchies, and technological innovation (especially in relation to computerization).These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish, or promote a company‘s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best.All these 50 of office design are related. The most successful office designs are like a good marriage—the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people is learned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 in people‘s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First ImpressionTo help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other‘s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 60 KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seems to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51.A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52.A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. artificial53.A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle54.A. seated B. impressed C. changed D. created55.A. appearances B. virtues C. similarity D. passions56.A. illustrations B. imaginations C. ingredients D. instructions57.A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall58.A. critical B. initial C. random D. transfer59.A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question60.A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand61.A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior62.A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted63.A. emotion B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals64.A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. assess65.A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. irritatingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Look to many of history‘s cultural symbols, and there you‘ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity‘s earliest forms of life art during s everal years of research around the world.For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansio n‘s courtyard.The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the chu rch and government. Some were a reflection of people‘s imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.If you fear the heyday of t he snowman has passed, don‘t worry: I‘ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.66.According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.67.―The heyday of the snowman‖ (paragraph 4) means the time when _______.A. snowmen were made mainly by artistsB. snowmen enjoyed great popularityC. snowmen were politically criticizedD. snowmen caused damaging floods68.In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes _______.A. the start of the paradeB. the coming of a longer summerC. the passing of the winterD. the success of tradesmen69.What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?A. They were appreciated in historyB. They have lost their valueC. They were related to moviesD. They vary in shape and size(B)70.In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly about?A. The introduction to the leading roles.B. The writer‘s opinion of acting.C. The writer‘s comments on the story.D. The background information.71.According to the film review, ―monster‖ (paragraph B) refers to _______.A. a gun-crazy hunterB. a brainy dogC. a scary rabbitD. a giant vegetable72.Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?A. It‘s full of wit and humour.B. Its characters show feelings without words.C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.D. It is about the harmony between man and animals.(C)One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. ―Brutus was not an honorable ma n,‖ he said. ―He was a traitor(叛徒). And he murdered someone in cold blood.‖ The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision,they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. ―You have to endeavor,‖ the executives said, ―our policy is to obey the chain of com mand.‖During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare‘s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called ―Movers and Shakespeares‖. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar , sly provocation (狡诈的挑唆) of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism.Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes, contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry‘s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say ab out Brutus, saying ―the noblest Roman of them all‖ couldn‘t make his mind up about things.Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesar‘s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus‘s mistakes in leadi ng the after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss?73.According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?A. Cruel.B. Superior.C. Honorable.D. Bade.74.According to the passage, the Adelmans set up ―Movers and Shakespeares‖ to _______.A. help executives to understand Shakespeare‘s plays betterB. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare‘s playsC. provide cas e studies of Shakespeare‘s plays in literature workshopsD. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare‘s plays75.Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.D. To warn executives against power misuse.76.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A. the Adelmans‘ programme proves biased as the roles o f characters are maximizedB. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare‘s playsC. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholarsD. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field77.The best title for the passage is _______.A. Shakespeare‘s plays: Executives reconsider corporate cultureB. Shakespeare‘s plays: An essential key to business successC. Shakespeare‘s plays: a lesson for business motivationD. Shakespeare‘s plays: Dramatic traini ng brings dramatic resultsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children‘s developmen t. First, sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth sport programs have long been considered important to youth‘s psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.Research from Telama (2006) states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté(2002) defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g. in the street. on a playing field or in someone‘s backyard). When involved in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their outcome of their behavior. (whether they win or lose) than with the behavior. (having fun).On the other hand, Ericsson (1993) suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior, focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although drills are used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78.Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?79.If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to___________.80.In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?81.In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at_______________________________________.第II卷 (共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.美食是人们参观上海的乐趣之一。
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2015上海高考作文题目【篇一：2015年上海高考作文解析及范文】真题还原：写作 70分26.根据以下材料，自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章（不要写成诗歌）。
人的心中总有一些坚硬的东西，也有一些柔软的东西。
如何对待它们，将关系到能否造就和谐的自我。
命题分析趋势及点评：从2015年上海高考的命题来分析来看，今年的命题依旧延续了之前五年来的命题思路和风格。
从材料特点来看，将比喻型材料和关系型材料合二为一，并且是在设置好的范围中谈关系。
例如2014年上海高考作文是在“沙漠”这个范围中谈“自由”和“不自由”，而今年的作文是在“造就和谐的自我”的范围中谈“坚硬”和“柔软”。
从形式上来看，仍旧是“一行半”的形式。
整个材料阅读起来难度不大，但是观点倾向十分清晰明了，让同学们在落笔之前无限拓展思考的角度。
材料变短了，审题的难度降低了，但是题目内容越来越科学，依然留给考生较大的发挥空间。
从命题思维上来看，上海高考作文仍旧体现了对人性和个体生命的关注，更强调个体的主观能动性对自身的塑造，同时体现了哲学的思辨性。
那是不是上海今年的高考并没有体现出变化呢？周老师认为并非如此，综观近几年的上海高考作文题，可以看出命题者的别具匠心。
首先是将常规的各种类型作文题考查点综合起来，这一综合，就拓展了考生的思路和写作的范围。
比如今年的材料中，对于“坚硬”、“柔软”的分析可以从不同层面引发出去，也可以和社会现象、当今人们的心理结合起来，这样就可以把这个材料写“活”，体现作文的思想性。
其次是观点倾向更清晰，本则材料明确提出了我们要“对待”自己心中的“坚硬”和“柔软”，以达到“造就和谐的自我”的目的，所以过程和方法是多样的，而最后的结果导向是明确的。
这样看来，今年的作文题目相比于前几年就更加科学了。
材料详细解读：1.材料本身的重点词句及关键信息：考生都比较容易找到材料中的关键词——“坚硬”、“柔软”、“和谐的自我”。
这里，周老师要提醒同学们的是：在材料中还有一句不可忽视，造就和谐的自我并不是把心中原有的东西随意组合就可以了，关键是“如何对待它们”。
所以这一点是我们要拓展出去的，也是我们在设定立意时要重点思考的，能够体现创新的部分。
2.思考材料可以写作的角度：首先，要揭示这个题目探讨的实质：大部分同学们都会从这个题目中想到人的性格对自我的塑造，这是材料本身向我们展示的内容——“人的心中”。
那么进一步思考，我们这样做的目的是为了造就和谐的自我，具体来说就是更好的处世或者塑造更好的人生观世界观。
这种思考也是高考命题的最终准则。
所以，其实坚硬和柔软对应的也可以是一种处世的态度，或者是思考问题的维度和方式。
其次，我们要根据以上探讨的实质，找到关键词句的深意：l从性格的角度：硬——性格的坚强；软——性格的柔韧。
例如水，硬：水滴石穿；软：上善若水。
l从处世的角度：硬——坚持原则；软——处事变通。
l从思考方式的角度：硬——硬性的科学准则（理智）；软——文学、艺术、情感（感性）。
以上的材料分析方法，在我们之前的课程中，老师都有按步骤给同学们分析过，如果同学们在考场上能够按这个思路来看材料，是不是觉得可以写作的角度更加广泛了呢？立意角度分析：以上三种材料对应的就是该材料作文横向上的三种立意，对于这三种立意，同学们要注意的是一定要体现其中的关系，也就是在写作时注意思辨。
因为本则材料有明显的观点倾向，所以要辩证的取坚硬和柔软的长处，不要偏指一方。
另外，还可以从纵向的角度对这一问题进行深入的探究，比如选取一个角度，从历史谈到现实，重点在于证明这一观点的正确性和意义、价值。
可用素材推荐：1、鲁迅说：“若举世唯科学是崇，则人生将归于枯寂”。
【分析】“唯科学是崇”是宾语前置，意思是“只崇尚科学”，“唯”字特别重要。
鲁迅认为“只崇尚科学”，“则人生将归于枯寂”。
那么，还需要什么东西才能使得人生有滋有味？——是文学，是艺术，是人性，是良知，是人伦，是情感，是善良。
总之，是“人”！2、林徽因——具有坚强精神的“小女人”。
3、沈从文——坚守内心的“桃花源”，创作流水般的“湘西情歌”。
总的来说，只要同学们能够准确审题，做到不偏题，并能够眼观社会，发掘人性，从情感性、思辨性入手写出材料蕴含的深意，做到语言流畅、思维清晰，就能够写出非常好的考场作文。
上海作文材料：人的心中总有一些坚硬的东西，也有一些柔软的东西，如何对待它们，将关系到能否造就和谐的自我。
要求：自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章（不要写成诗歌）。
范文：软硬相和，自我谐和洋洋五千言神秘而辽远的《老子》中有这样的话语：“高下相倾，音声相和”。
只有音与声相和，才能交织出和谐的韵律；作为独立的人类个体，我们的内心也是坚硬与柔软并存，必以合适的方式面对这种存在状态，方能造就谐和的自我。
我们的内心可以柔情温婉，也可以坚韧刚劲。
民国时期有很多养尊处优的大家小姐，在温存雅致的氛围中成长，柔情似水，温情楚楚，后来战争突起，风云忽变，在生存环境的剧烈摇摆下，很多大家闺秀都不是软弱绝倒，而是调动起内心坚韧的一面，支撑起家人的生活。
中国古典诗词研究界的叶嘉莹先生、复旦校花严幼韵女士，无不如此。
正是这种刚柔相济，使她们内心谐和，叶嘉莹先生才能在高龄之下精神矍铄，身体已老，但心灵还在诗词研究上生生不已；严幼韵女士才能始终保持高雅仪态，身体也已年过百年，精神依然自在活泼。
人人心中都有柔软与坚硬，如何调动软硬，才是终极的大智慧，它会造就一个真正和谐的人。
而老子的“音声相和”中，音与声的比重，也是最后是否能奏出和谐旋律的重点。
其实本能的反应会帮助我们调和软硬的比例，但要更精进，每个个体必须从自己的特性出发，去感悟，去试炼，去无限接近最和谐的自我。
一个和谐的自我，里面必定深藏着一份高贵独立，还深藏着一份亲切可依。
范文：女汉子：刚柔并济，内心和谐古老的传统崇尚男子要坚硬如磐石，而女子应柔情似水。
孰不知，正如材料所言，人心中总有一些坚硬的东西，也有一些柔软的东西，不管男女，坚与柔，共存于我们的内心。
我们需要做的，只是让内心的刚与柔有效地为我们所用，塑造出和谐的内心。
作为一个新时代的女性，我提倡做一个刚柔并济，内心和谐的女汉子。
当然，这并不是说让传统的性别角色发生改变甚至模糊化。
“女汉子”在内在方面应注重修炼“汉子”的“神”，即有独立的精神、坚强的内心、大度的气质，即“坚硬”的一面。
同时，又要具备一颗善解人意和温柔的心，在“形”方面，不忘记自己是女性角色，刚柔并济，软硬兼备，相得益彰，这样才会不忘初心，内心和谐，人见人爱。
自古以来，中国不乏名垂青史的“女汉子”，如花木兰、武则天、穆桂英等等。
每每提到这些“女汉子”，我想我们的内心不会不涌起赞叹与崇敬。
但在众多“女汉子”中，杀气、勇猛给我们的印象更多，因此，我更喜欢木兰。
木兰是“美少女战士”，表现了巾帼英雄的本色，而她也是一个好女儿，对父亲有一颗滚烫的爱心，善于理解当时家庭的困境，重视家庭的温暖。
驰骋疆场荣归故里时，她不忘自己是女儿身，婉拒功名，她尊重了自己的内心，该刚时刚，该柔时柔，兼容并包。
我们还看得到另一种“女汉子”，她们表面柔弱，但内心里，却有一根“东西南北风”都吹不断的精神脊梁，使他们伫立在我们的视野中，不动不摇。
比如林徽因，“形”方面，她文文弱弱一体态，具有着诗人的美感与想象力。
但一旦走出“太太的客厅”，林徽因便成为一个严谨求实的科学工作者。
即便因多年结核病，两肺布满空洞，肾脏被切除一侧，她也拼着生命在事业之路上不止脚步地前行，主持设计新中国国徽，呼吁文物保护，与梁思成一起上书国务院，陈词呐喊，殚精竭力。
林徽因，因美丽温柔与顽强实现建筑家的才华而流芳百世。
一个美丽的女子流传下来的如果单纯是美丽温柔，那么这种美丽温柔难免单薄并苍白；一个女子如果只懂得在生活的洪流中战斗，那又与男子何异？确实，女子的身份，要扮演好，确实不容易。
女权时代，“女汉子”时代，我觉得我们对女子的理解或多或少有一些偏差。
网上曾出现过这样一件事，有记者街头采访“你妈逼你相亲了吗?”遭遇一位扛着水桶的“女汉子”的神回复“你觉得我需要男朋友吗？”。
一时间，这位扛水桶女汉子在网上收获无数点赞。
甚至出现了所谓的“女汉子”中的“战斗机”“给我听好了，：男人对我来说是没用的，因为钱我会挣，地我会扫，饭我会做，架我会打??”。
这样演变下去，这个社会就太剑拔弩张了，将造就更多不可一世的女子，还有什么内心和谐可言？正如老鹰也有栖息柳枝的时候，消毒用的酒精并非越浓越好，最有效的浓度，应调得柔和些，渗透进去，效果才佳。
在我们的生活中也应当是刚柔并济，在不同的情形，不同的事态下选择合适的应对方式，这样才能尊崇内心和谐。
尤其是一个“女汉子”，仅有刚的生活，极乏温情，难免让人望而生畏；仅有柔的生活，也只能沦为不曾向前而碌碌无为的一生，唯有刚柔并济，让刚与柔完美调和后的生活才能在风雨中冲破重围，看见绚烂的彩虹。
“我想成为一棵树，站成永恒，一半在尘土里安详，一半在空中飞扬，一半洒落阴凉，一半沐浴阳光”，让我们谨记三毛的这句箴言，让内心和谐，做一个坚柔并济有至高智慧的“女汉子”。
坚硬的科学与柔软的人文人们总以为，科学的目的是追求真理。
科学家们、各专业研究者们孜孜不倦所追求的，仅是板上钉钉的律条、坚硬如石的真理。
殊不知，世间除了坚硬的科学理性，还有一些东西不可缺失。
老子所说的人生“大成”与“大盈”，还有些“缺”和“冲”需要填补。
爱因斯坦曾说：“仅凭知识和技巧并不能给人类的生活带来尊严与幸福。
”鲁迅亦称“若举世唯科学是从，则人生将归于枯寂。
”仅仅追求科学、追求知识、追求理性，人类社会终将如同冬日树木，仅剩枯槁的枝条；人生的滋味也将苍白如纸，无甚色彩。
那么，究竟添些什么能使世间枯木再逢春、纸上空白再生色呢？就像一具刚强的躯壳，科学将人们引入真理与思辨的殿堂后，就正襟危坐，雍容弘大却又冰冷艰涩。
而人文情感，则是一股股暖流，穿透了寒冷彻骨的深潭，到达尘世抚慰人心；又是一枝枝藤蔓，萦绕着科学殿堂的冰冷墙板，生出绿色的希望之花。
它使人生瞬息间活色生香，也给人们带来暖意。
人终其一生不懈地追求的，应是坚硬的知识理性与柔软的人文情感之兼容并济，达到人生的“大成”与“大盈”。
所以哲学家罗素会说，对爱情的渴望、对知识的追求、对人类苦难不可遏制的深情，是支配他一生单纯而强烈的情感。
人生中，既应追求坚硬的知识理性，亦不可放弃柔软的人文情感。
古今中外之大成者，概莫能外。
假若张衡一生专注地震仪而无暇他顾，那么《二京赋》的华篇便永寂太古；假若钱钟书仅埋首浩瀚书堆专研学问，那么《围城》之嬉笑怒骂趣味横生便不为我辈所识。
达芬奇的奇妙画笔下，除了精细的人体解剖图，还有神秘的蒙娜丽莎；爱因斯坦的超人大脑中，除了枯燥的物理公式，还有美妙的乐谱。