伊丽莎白一世 英文PPT简介 presentation 详细版
Elizabeth-I-伊丽莎白一世PPT课件
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Main experience:
① 1554 :was shut in the London tower by Marry.
② Mary is a devout Catholic, she persecute Elizabeth converted to Catholicism, on the surface Elizabeth was a Catholic, but in her heart, she still a protestant. Mary is very fed up about it, so Elizabeth was shut in the London tower.
• the period in British history is called "Elizabethan period", also called the "golden era".
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Details
• Born: Elizabeth was born in Greenwich in
London,
Henry VIII
Edward VI
Mary I
Elizabeth I
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④1588: The defeat of the “Spanish Armada
conflicts
• Elizabeth was aiding the Netherlands with troops , and she helped them to fight against the Spanish rule
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⑤ March 24.1603: after 44 years of rule ,she died.
伊丽莎白一世(英文版ppt)
Elizabeth was born at Greenwich Palace and was named after both her grandmothers, Elizabeth of York and Elizabeth Howard. She was the second child of Henry VIII of England born in wedlock to survive infancy. Her mother was Henry's second wife,Anneiress presumptive to the throne of England. Her older half-sister, Mary, had lost her position as a legitimate heir when Henry annulled his marriage to Mary's mother, Catherine of Aragon, to marry Anne, with the intent to sire a male heir and ensure the Tudor succession. Elizabeth was baptised on 10 September; Archbishop Thomas Cranmer, the Marquess of Exeter, the Duchess of Norfolk and the Dowager Marchioness of Dorset stood as her godparents.
When she was young, she was unmarried. She has never refused or agreed with others’ pursuing. She took advantage of her unmarried indentity to deal with those crowns like Spanish﹑Roman Empire﹑France and Sweden without sincerity who chased her one after another , and to keep the right balance in the continent, especially between France and Spanish, for obtaining the maximal benefits of England. She considered herself to be married to England;calling her people “my husbands”.
伊丽莎白一世英文PPT简介presentation详细版
Elizabeth was a carefree small princess in the first three year.
In January 1536, Elizabeth's status was down a lot because of Boleyn’s death. In June 1536, the parliament declared to cancel her throne from qualification.
After the death of Boleyn, Henry viii successively took four wives, but only had one son, Edward. In 1547, Henry viii died, the son became the king.
1547 ,Edward acceded ,only in six years. The new king had a weak body, and suffering from tuberculosis. Therefore, the replacement of the throne was just a question of time.
She took a cautious attitude when dealing with the relationship with parliament.
She was very thrifty, but she was very positive to the prosperity of country, she relied on businessmen and pirates to increase the income of royal family.
英国女王简史.ppt
年轻的伊丽莎白二世
现在的女王
The United Queendom
英国女王简史
By 蔡娉婷 黄丽庭 卢亭均
玛丽一世 Mary I Elizabeth I
伊莉莎白一世 玛丽二世 Mary
II
安妮女王
Anne of Great Bri tain
维多利亚女王
Alexandrina Victo ria
伊莉莎白二世Fra bibliotek玛 丽 二 世 与丈夫 （ 也是她 的堂哥 ) 威廉三世联合统治英格兰 、 苏格兰、爱尔兰的领地。史上称通 常他们的联合统治为 " 威廉与玛丽时 代 " 。然而，玛丽二世因感染天花， 不久就去世。
安妮女王
Anne of Great Britain
Queen Anne ascended the thrones of England,Scoland and Ireland on 8 March 1702.In 1707,under the Act of Union(联合法),two of her realms[relm领域],the Kingdoms of England and Scotland,united as a single sovereign[sɒvrɪn 具有 主权的]state:the united Kingdom of great Britain.
历史上的维多利亚女 王
英国电影 《年轻的维多利亚》
日本动画《黑执事》中的维多利亚女王形象
伊丽莎白二世
Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II is the Queen of the 53 member states in the Commonwealth of Nations （英联邦） . She is Head of the Commonwealth and Supreme （至高无上的） Governor of the Church of England（英国国教会）.Elizabeth has held many titles and honorary（荣誉的）military positions throughout the Commonwealth, is Sovereign of many orders in her own countries, and has received honours and awards from around the world. 伊丽莎白二世是英联邦 53个成员国的女王，英联邦的首领， 英国国教会的最高统治者。伊丽莎白拥有的头衔和享有盛誉的 军事阵地遍布整个英联邦。即使作为一位在自己国家手握大权 的君主，她还获得过世界级的荣誉与奖励。
伊丽莎白一世介绍-英文共16页文档
END
16、业余生活要有意义，不要越轨。——华盛顿 17、一个人即使已登上顶峰，也仍要自强不息。——罗素·贝克 18、最大的挑战和突破在于用人，而用人最大的突破在于信任人。——马云 19、自己活着，就是为了使别人过得更美好。——雷锋 20、要掌握书，莫被书掌握；要为生而读，莫为读而生。——布尔沃
伊丽莎白一世介绍-英文
1、使人渐渐失去温厚善良的美 德。— —伯克
3、最大限度地行使权力总是令人反感 ；权力 不易确 定之处 始终存 在着危 险。— —塞·约翰逊 4、权力会奴化一切。——塔西佗
5、虽然权力是一头固执的熊，可是金 子可以 拉着它 的鼻子 走。— —莎士 比
伊丽莎白一世女王英文版
The Life of Queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth Tudor was born on September 7, 1533 to King Henry VIII and his second wife Anne Boleyn. The Roman Catholics of England considered her an illegitimate child.
Accomplishments
• பைடு நூலகம்eveloped a compromise to please the Roman Catholic and the Protestant churches; probably saved England from religious wars
Accomplishments cont‟d
Queen Elizabeth the First
“I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England.”
A leader is…
Queen Elizabeth the First
In regards to her country and subjects, Queen Elizabeth I said, “There is no jewel, be it of never so high a price, which I set before this jewel; I mean your love.”
The Elizabeth Age伊丽莎白时代 英文版最全介绍
The Flowering of English Literature
The Elizabethan age was one in which Renaissance transformed Chaucer’s Medieval England into Shakespeare’s modern one. Genius was unrestrained, and imagination ran wild. All the three major departments of literature—poetry, drama, and prose—bloomed, and countless authors vied in offering their very best in a tremendous outburst of creative power.
Queen ElizabethanⅠ
You may have had queens and kings, good or bad, but you’ll never have one who loves you better. She was able to secure a 30-year period of peace for the country so that England slowly but steadily crawled to the zenith of wealth and power during her reign. When Francis Drake defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588, England became the first sea power in the world. In religion, she was relatively tolerant and avoided systematic persecution. She made friends with the opposing sides of the religious conflict—Catholic Spain and Protestant France. In addition, she encouraged learning and adventures, and was a great patron of literature.
伊丽莎白简介ppt
在由BBC主持的民众公选的100名最伟大的不列颠人 中，伊丽莎白列前十名。她经常在话剧或小说中出现。 1971年格伦达· 杰克逊拍摄的伊丽莎白女王和苏格兰 玛丽女王深受欢迎。1998年凯特· 布兰切特在伊丽莎 白中扮演女王年轻的时候，朱迪· 登奇在莎翁情史中 扮演年老的女王。米兰达· 理查森在电视连续剧黑蝰 蛇中表演了一个超现实主义的女王。同性恋先驱昆 汀· 克利斯普在奥兰多中扮演她。本杰明· 布里顿在他 为伊丽莎白二世的加冕作的歌剧赞美中描绘了她与罗 伯特 · 德弗罗的关系。
伊丽莎白一世（Elizabeth I，1533年9月7日出生于格林 尼治，即今日伦敦的格林尼治， 1603年3月24日逝世于萨里）， 于1558年11月17日至1603年3 月24日任英格兰和爱尔兰女王， 是都铎王朝的第五位也是最后 一位君主。她终身未嫁，因此 被称为“童贞女王”。
伊丽莎白诞生于伦敦的普雷森希宫，她是亨 利八世和他的第二个王后安妮-博林唯一幸 存的孩子。由于她父母是按新教教规结婚的， 天主教认为她是一个私生女。她出生时被指 定为王位继承人，她的同父异母的姐姐玛丽 成为她的服侍者。伊丽莎白三岁时，她的母 亲被判叛逆罪处死，一年后亨利八世和他的 第三个王后简· 西摩就生了一个男孩：爱德 华。伊丽莎白和玛丽都成了爱德华的佣人。
伊丽莎白44年的统治期间英国宗教分 歧的斗争非常强烈。1530年代里亨利八 世与天主教决裂，圣公会建立。爱德华六 世的短暂统治期间圣公会的教义日益完善。 玛丽统治期间圣公会失去了其统治地位。 伊丽莎白恢复了圣公会的地位。在伊丽莎 白统治的最初两年间她就发布了至尊法和 单一法令，规定国王同时是教会的最高领 导人。
伊丽莎白时期是英国文化发展的一个 重要时期。文学，尤其是诗歌和话剧 进入了一个黄金时代。英国对其他大 陆的考察，尤其是对美洲的考察进入 了一个新的阶段。如同她的父亲，她 本人也从事写作和翻译，她亲自翻译 了霍勒斯的《诗歌艺术》。一些她生 前的演说的统治者来说伊丽莎白的 统治期和当时的许多人物有特别的意义。 沃尔特· 拉雷格爵士、德瑞克和马丁· 弗罗 比歇爵士成为后来的探险家的原型，威 廉· 莎士比亚、克里斯多弗· 马罗爵士和弗 兰西斯· 培根爵士成为后代作家的模范。 在宗教上伊丽莎白以铁腕统治，但同时 相对于她在大陆上的对手来说她给予她 的指挥官和顾问们更大的自由。
英语课堂演讲PPT-伊丽莎白一世
Delivered by Peng Chao
And Qiao Moshuang
Elizabeth Ⅰ
Elizabeth I (September 7th 1533 – March 24th 1603) was queen regnant of England and Ireland from November 17th 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty.
William Shakespeare: English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.[1]
Achievement in military
The navy of English defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588,which was a turning point in English history
The Highest Top of English Literature and Drama
Hamletபைடு நூலகம்
Romeo and Juliet
Sir Francis Bacon: English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator and author.
伊丽莎白一世英文介绍
In January 1559 Elizabeth I was crowned Queen of England. She was the last of the great Tudor dynasty, a bright star who dazzled both the nation and the world.Elizabeth ‘s achievements has lasted for nearly four centuries and it’s easy to see why. She reigned for 45 tumultuous years. Her ships defeated the Spanish Armada and sailed round the globe. In her time, Shakespeare wrote plays and Spenser wrote poems.The daughter of King Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn, Queen Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558 and ruled England for almost 45 years. Her reign is known as The Golden Age, a time that saw the birth of Shakespeare, the defeat of the Spanish Armada, and the emergence of England as a world power.From the prison to the palaceElizabeth ‘s father was Henry VIII ,one of the most famous kings in England for his six wives. Henry divorced his first wife, Catherin of Aragon, because she had not given him a son he had been long for, but now her replacement Ann Boleyn had failed her principal duty as royal breeding machine, for she had only one daughter - Elizabeth. Meanwhile, Henry had fallen in love with another woman-Jane Seymour. By the time when Elizabeth was only three, Ann was soon accused of multiple adultery and executed. And their marriage wasdecleared null and void. Elizabeth was now illegitimate and unable to inherit the throne. So instead of the Right High and Mighty Princess, the Lady Elizabeth, inheritrix of the crown of England, she became the Lady Elizabeth, the King’s second bastard daughter. Although was brought up in the country away from the royal court, she studies languages from the age of four. She became fluent in French, Italian, Latin and Greek.In 1544, Henry reinstated Elizabeth and Mary in the succession. No woman had ever sat on the throne before. Now if Edward (Jane Seymour ’ s son) died without a heir, first Mary and then Elizabeth would become queen. Henry then sailed for France to fight a war, leaving his wife Katherine Parr, as regent in charge of the kingdom. Elizabeth now witnessed at first hand that an intelligent, well-educated woman could rule effectively.In 1546, Elizabeth’s father, Henry VIII died, and little King Edward VI had stepped into his father’s shoes at the age of 9, while Elizabeth was only 13.In order to divorce Catherin of Aragon, Henry had broken away from Rome and made himself head of the church in England. The Catholic churches ,crosses and candles were being stripped everywhere. The new faith had the enthusiastic backing of Elizabeth’s brother, the young King Edward. But by 1553, the 15-year-old King was dying of tuberculosis. He was desperate to stop the religious reforms being undone by his Catholic sister Mary, who would succed under the terms of their father’s will. So he excluded her from the succession because she was a bastard. But it couldn’t stop Mary’s overwhelming support, for she wasproclaimed Queen ,whose vision was to lead England back to the true Catholic faith. Mary had stamped Catholicism on England with extraordinary violence, burning at the stake over 300 Protestant men, women, and children. Elizabeth’s Protestantism marked her out as a potential enemy. In 1554, Elizabeth was sent to the tower for involving in a failed rebellion. However, Mary finally relented under pressure from her council to name Elizabeth as her successor. In 1559, Elizabeth was crowned as Queen of England.The Virgin QueenParliament petitioned the Queen asking her to pledge herself to a suitable international marriage. Three days later, she gave her responses. “Now the public care of governing the kingdom is laid upon me, to draw upon me also the cares of my marriage, may seem a point of inconsiderable folly. Yea, to satisfy you, I have already joined myself in marriage to an husband, namely the Kingdom of England. And for me it shall be a full satisfaction if, when I shall let my last breath, it may be engraven upon my marble tomb ’Here lieth Elizabeth, which reigned a virgin and died a virgin’.”Elizabeth had finally got the parliament to restore Protestantism in England. Queen Elizabeth is God’s direct representative here on earth-church and state are one.Elizabeth had inherited from her sister Mary a nation that was bankrupt, military weak and hemmed in by enemies. In the parlance of the time, the country was a bone between two dogs - France and Spain.Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn.Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne seemed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. Roman Catholics, indeed, always considered her illegitimate and she only narrowly escaped execution in the wake of a failed rebellion against Queen Mary in 1554.Elizabeth succeeded to the throne on her half-sister's death in November 1558. She was very well-educated (fluent in five languages), and had inherited intelligence, determination and shrewdness from both parents.Her 45-year reign is generally considered one of the most glorious in English history. During it a secure Church of England was established. Its doctrines were laid down in the 39 Articles of 1563, a compromise between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.Elizabeth herself refused to 'make windows into men's souls ... there is only one Jesus Christ and all the rest is a dispute over trifles'; she asked for outward uniformity.Most of her subjects accepted the compromise as the basis of their faith, and her church settlement probably saved England from religious wars like those which France suffered in the second half of the 16th century.Although autocratic and capricious, Elizabeth had astute political judgement and chose her ministers well; these included William Cecil, later Lord Burghley (Secretary of State), Sir Christopher Hatton (Lord Chancellor) and Sir Francis Walsingham (in charge of intelligence and also a Secretary of State).Overall, Elizabeth's administration consisted of some 600 officials administering the great offices of state, and a similar number dealing with the Crown lands (which funded the administrative costs). Social and economic regulation and law and order remained in the hands of the sheriffs at local level, supported by unpaid justices of the peace.Elizabeth's reign also saw many brave voyages of discovery, including those of Francis Drake, Walter Raleigh and Humphrey Gilbert, particularly to the Americas. These expeditions prepared England for an age of colonisation and trade expansion, which Elizabeth herself recognised by establishing the East India Company in at the very end of 1599.The arts flourished during Elizabeth's reign. Country houses such as Longleat and Hardwick Hall were built, miniature painting reached its high point, theatres thrived - the Queen attended the first performance of Shakespeare's 'A Midsummer Night's Dream'. Composers such asWilliam Byrd and Thomas Tallis worked in Elizabeth's court and at the Chapel Royal, St. James's Palace.The image of Elizabeth's reign is one of triumph and success. The Queen herself was often called 'Gloriana', 'Good Queen Bess' and 'The Virgin Queen'.Investing in expensive clothes and jewellery (to look the part, like all contemporary sovereigns), she cultivated this image by touring the country in regional visits known as 'progresses', often riding on horseback rather than by carriage. Elizabeth made at least 25 progresses during her reign.However, Elizabeth's reign was one of considerable danger and difficulty for many, with threats of invasion from Spain through Ireland, and from France through Scotland. Much of northern England was in rebellion in 1569-70. A papal bull of 1570 specifically released Elizabeth's subjects from their allegiance, and she passed harsh laws against Roman Catholics after plots against her life were discovered.One such plot involved Mary, Queen of Scots, who had fled to England in 1568 after her second husband, Henry, Lord Darnley's, murder and her subsequent marriage to a man believed to have been involved in his murder, James, Earl of Bothwell..As a likely successor to Elizabeth, Mary spent 19 years as Elizabeth's prisoner because Mary was the focus for rebellion and possible assassination plots, such as the Babington Plot of 1586.Mary was also a temptation for potential invaders such as Philip II. In a letter of 1586 to Mary, Elizabeth wrote, 'You have planned ... to take my life and ruin my kingdom ... I never proceeded so harshly against you.' Despite Elizabeth's reluctance to take drastic action, on theinsistence of Parliament and her advisers, Mary was tried, found guilty and executed in 1587.In 1588, aided by bad weather, the English navy scored a great victory over the Spanish invasion fleet of around 130 ships - the 'Armada'. The Spanish Armada was intended to overthrow the Queen and re-establish Roman Catholicism by conquest, as Philip II believed he had a claim to the English throne through his marriage to Mary.During Elizabeth's long reign, the nation also suffered from high prices and severe economic depression, especially in the countryside, during the 1590s. The war against Spain was not very successful after the Armada had been beaten and, together with other campaigns, it was very costly.Though she kept a tight rein on government expenditure, Elizabeth left large debts to her successor. Wars during Elizabeth's reign are estimated to have cost over £5 million (at the prices of the time) which Crown revenues could not match - in 1588, for example, Elizabeth's total annual revenue amounted to some £392,000.Despite the combination of financial strains and prolonged war after 1588, Parliament was not summoned more often. There were only 16 sittings of the Commons during Elizabeth's reign, five of which were in the period 1588-1601. Although Elizabeth freely used her power to veto legislation, she avoided confrontation and did not attempt to define Parliament's constitutional position and rights.Elizabeth chose never to marry. If she had chosen a foreign prince, he would have drawn England into foreign policies for his own advantages (as in her sister Mary's marriage to Philip of Spain); marrying a fellow countryman could have drawn the Queen into factional infighting.Elizabeth used her marriage prospects as a political tool in foreign and domestic policies.However, the 'Virgin Queen' was presented as a selfless woman who sacrificed personal happiness for the good of the nation, to which she was, in essence, 'married'.Late in her reign, she addressed Parliament in the so-called 'Golden Speech' of 1601 when she told MPs: 'There is no jewel, be it of never so high a price, which I set before this jewel; I mean your love.' She seems to have been very popular with the vast majority of her subjects.Overall, Elizabeth's always shrewd and, when necessary, decisive leadership brought successes during a period of great danger both at home and abroad. She died at Richmond Palace on 24 March 1603, having become a legend in her lifetime. The date of her accession was a national holiday for two hundred years.。
伊丽莎白一世英文PPT简介presentation详细版
military affairs Elizabeth encouraged piracy toward Spanish and involved the war of independence of Netherlands fighting against Spanish. This enraged Spanish king Philip II, so he started a war with England. At that time, Spanish was the empire of the sea and called himself Spanish Armada. There is a great disparity between two sides. Then unexpectedly, the England defeated Spanish Armada. After this, the Spanish had a sharp decline and the sea overlord status was replaced by England.
Fourth In 1985,a research shows that Elizabeth has no ability to bear. They think have a sick named complete androgen insensitivity syndrome(雄激素完全 不敏感综合征) .This makes her cannot live as a normal woman.
Achievements
policy English religion conflict was very fiercely during the 44 years that Elizabeth ruled. In the first two years ,Elizabeth released the highest authority method (Supremacy Act) and a single Act in 1558, providing the king also is the top leader of the church of England.
伊丽莎白一世 ppt介绍
Spain Armada
The Spanish Armada (literally "Great and Most Fortunate Navy" or "Invincible Fleet") was the Spanish fleet that sailed against England under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1588, with the intention of overthrowing Elizabeth I of England and putting an end to her involvement in the Spanish Netherlands and in privateering in the Atlantic and Pacific
时代的辉煌伴随着个人的辉煌伊丽莎白女王一世是英国历史上最辉煌的君主之一她的时代也跻身于英国最辉煌的时代之列但公众生活的辉煌却以个人生活的黯淡为代价伊丽莎白一世终生不嫁其中的原因就是只有她终身不嫁才能维护国家的统一民族的和谐从而保证都铎王朝的繁荣昌盛
Elizabeth Ⅰ
“The Virgin Queen， Gloriana， &Good Queen Bess”
（1533 – 1603）
Tudor dynasty （1485-1603）
1 2
5
6
3
• 为人谨慎 • 受到良好的教育 • 掌握六门语言—— 英语 法语 西班牙语 意大利语 拉丁语 希腊语 • 节俭爱财 经商投资
1547 King Edward VI
Life line
1555 Freed 1585 War with Spain 1603 Died
伊丽莎白一ppt课件
经济政策
贸易政策
伊丽莎白一世积极推动英国的海 外贸易，通过设立贸易壁垒、与 外国进行贸易谈判等手段，保护
英国的商业利益。
财政改革
她对英国的财政进行了改革，通 过增加税收、减少政府开支等手
段，改善了英国的财政状况。
鼓励投资
为了促进经济发展，伊丽莎白一 世鼓励私人投资，为投资者提供
税收优惠和贷款支持。
宗教政策
宽容政策
伊丽莎白一世采取了相对宽容的宗教 政策，允许不同宗教信仰的存在，并 尊重个人的信仰自由。
国教确立
宗教迫害限制
尽管她并未完全废除宗教迫害，但在 她的统治下，宗教迫害得到了很大的 限制，减少了因宗教信仰而受到迫害 的人数。
她确立了英国国教，即圣公会，作为 英国的官方宗教，并强调了国王在国 教中的领导地位。
文化交流
伊丽莎白一世时期，英国文学和艺术 取得了巨大的成就。她的统治促进了 欧洲文化交流，使得英国文化在欧洲 大陆产生了广泛时期的英国积极参与全球贸易，开拓了新的市场和资源。这一时 期，英国成为了世界贸易的中心之一，对全球经济的发展产生了重要影响。
殖民扩张
艺术与建筑
总结词
伊丽莎白一世对艺术和建筑领域产生了深远的影响，她支持建筑师和艺术家，推动了英 国文艺复兴建筑的发展。
详细描述
在伊丽莎白一世的统治下，英国文艺复兴建筑风格逐渐形成并走向成熟。女王支持许多 杰出的建筑师和艺术家，如克里斯托弗·雷恩和弗朗西斯·德雷克等。他们的作品不仅美 化了英国的城市和宫殿，也展现了英国文艺复兴时期的独特风格。此外，伊丽莎白一世
03
出生背景
伊丽莎白出生于1533年， 是英王亨利八世与其第二 任妻子安妮·博林的女儿。
早期教育
在成为女王之前，伊丽莎 白接受了严格的上等教育 ，包括语言、文学、音乐 和艺术等方面的学习。
伊丽莎白一世英文介绍
In January 1559 Elizabeth I was crowned Queen of England. She was the last of the great Tudor dynasty, a bright star who dazzled both the nation and the world.Elizabeth ‘s achievements has lasted for nearly four centuries and it’s easy to see why. She reigned for 45 tumultuous years. Her ships defeated the Spanish Armada and sailed round the globe. In her time, Shakespeare wrote plays and Spenser wrote poems.The daughter of King Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn, Queen Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558 and ruled England for almost 45 years. Her reign is known as The Golden Age, a time that saw the birth of Shakespeare, the defeat of the Spanish Armada, and the emergence of England as a world power.From the prison to the palaceElizabeth ‘s father was Henry VIII ,one of the most famous kings in England for his six wives. Henry divorced his first wife, Catherin of Aragon, because she had not given him a son he had been long for, but now her replacement Ann Boleyn had failed her principal duty as royal breeding machine, for she had only one daughter - Elizabeth. Meanwhile, Henry had fallen in love with another woman-Jane Seymour. By the time when Elizabeth was only three, Ann was soon accused of multiple adultery and executed. And their marriage wasdecleared null and void. Elizabeth was now illegitimate and unable to inherit the throne. So instead of the Right High and Mighty Princess, the Lady Elizabeth, inheritrix of the crown of England, she became the Lady Elizabeth, the King’s second bastard daughter. Although was brought up in the country away from the royal court, she studies languages from the age of four. She became fluent in French, Italian, Latin and Greek.In 1544, Henry reinstated Elizabeth and Mary in the succession. No woman had ever sat on the throne before. Now if Edward (Jane Seymour ’ s son) died without a heir, first Mary and then Elizabeth would become queen. Henry then sailed for France to fight a war, leaving his wife Katherine Parr, as regent in charge of the kingdom. Elizabeth now witnessed at first hand that an intelligent, well-educated woman could rule effectively.In 1546, Elizabeth’s father, Henry VIII died, and little King Edward VI had stepped into his father’s shoes at the age of 9, while Elizabeth was only 13.In order to divorce Catherin of Aragon, Henry had broken away from Rome and made himself head of the church in England. The Catholic churches ,crosses and candles were being stripped everywhere. The new faith had the enthusiastic backing of Elizabeth’s brother, the young King Edward. But by 1553, the 15-year-old King was dying of tuberculosis. He was desperate to stop the religious reforms being undone by his Catholic sister Mary, who would succed under the terms of their father’s will. So he excluded her from the succession because she was a bastard. But it couldn’t stop Mary’s overwhelming sup port, for she wasElizabeth had inherited from her sister Mary a nation that was bankrupt, military weak and hemmed in by enemies. In the parlance of the time, the country was a bone between two dogs - France and Spain.Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn.Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne seemed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. Roman Catholics, indeed, always considered her illegitimate and she only narrowly escaped execution in the wake of a failed rebellion against Queen Mary in 1554.Elizabeth succeeded to the throne on her half-sister's death in November 1558. She was very well-educated (fluent in five languages), and had inherited intelligence, determination and shrewdness from both parents.Her 45-year reign is generally considered one of the most glorious in English history. During it a secure Church of England was established.Its doctrines were laid down in the 39 Articles of 1563, a compromise between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.Elizabeth herself refused to 'make windows into men's souls ... there is only one Jesus Christ and all the rest is a dispute over trifles'; she asked for outward uniformity.Most of her subjects accepted the compromise as the basis of their faith, and her church settlement probably saved England from religious wars like those which France suffered in the second half of the 16th century.Although autocratic and capricious, Elizabeth had astute political judgement and chose her ministers well; these included William Cecil, later Lord Burghley (Secretary of State), Sir Christopher Hatton (Lord Chancellor) and Sir Francis Walsingham (in charge of intelligence and also a Secretary of State).Overall, Elizabeth's administration consisted of some 600 officials administering the great offices of state, and a similar number dealing with the Crown lands (which funded the administrative costs). Social and economic regulation and law and order remained in the hands of the sheriffs at local level, supported by unpaid justices of the peace.Elizabeth's reign also saw many brave voyages of discovery, including those of Francis Drake, Walter Raleigh and Humphrey Gilbert, particularly to the Americas. These expeditions prepared England for an age of colonisation and trade expansion, which Elizabeth herself recognised by establishing the East India Company in at the very end of 1599.The arts flourished during Elizabeth's reign. Country houses such as Longleat and Hardwick Hall were built, miniature painting reached itshigh point, theatres thrived - the Queen attended the first performance of Shakespeare's 'A Midsummer Night's Dream'. Composers such as William Byrd and Thomas Tallis worked in Elizabeth's court and at the Chapel Royal, St. James's Palace.The image of Elizabeth's reign is one of triumph and success. The Queen herself was often called 'Gloriana', 'Good Queen Bess' and 'The Virgin Queen'.Investing in expensive clothes and jewellery (to look the part, like all contemporary sovereigns), she cultivated this image by touring the country in regional visits known as 'progresses', often riding on horseback rather than by carriage. Elizabeth made at least 25 progresses during her reign.However, Elizabeth's reign was one of considerable danger and difficulty for many, with threats of invasion from Spain through Ireland, and from France through Scotland. Much of northern England was in rebellion in 1569-70. A papal bull of 1570 specifically released Elizabeth's subjects from their allegiance, and she passed harsh laws against Roman Catholics after plots against her life were discovered.One such plot involved Mary, Queen of Scots, who had fled to England in 1568 after her second husband, Henry, Lord Darnley's, murder and her subsequent marriage to a man believed to have been involved in his murder, James, Earl of Bothwell..As a likely successor to Elizabeth, Mary spent 19 years as Elizabeth's prisoner because Mary was the focus for rebellion and possible assassination plots, such as the Babington Plot of 1586.Mary was also a temptation for potential invaders such as Philip II. In a letter of 1586 to Mary, Elizabeth wrote, 'You have planned ... to takemy life and ruin my kingdom ... I never proceeded so harshly against you.' Despite Elizabeth's reluctance to take drastic action, on the insistence of Parliament and her advisers, Mary was tried, found guilty and executed in 1587.In 1588, aided by bad weather, the English navy scored a great victory over the Spanish invasion fleet of around 130 ships - the 'Armada'. The Spanish Armada was intended to overthrow the Queen and re-establish Roman Catholicism by conquest, as Philip II believed he had a claim to the English throne through his marriage to Mary.During Elizabeth's long reign, the nation also suffered from high prices and severe economic depression, especially in the countryside, during the 1590s. The war against Spain was not very successful after the Armada had been beaten and, together with other campaigns, it was very costly.Though she kept a tight rein on government expenditure, Elizabeth left large debts to her successor. Wars during Elizabeth's reign are estimated to have cost over £5 million (at the prices of the time) which Crown revenues could not match - in 1588, for example, Elizabeth's total annual revenue amounted to some £392,000.Despite the combination of financial strains and prolonged war after 1588, Parliament was not summoned more often. There were only 16 sittings of the Commons during Elizabeth's reign, five of which were in the period 1588-1601. Although Elizabeth freely used her power to veto legislation, she avoided confrontation and did not attempt to define Parliament's constitutional position and rights.Elizabeth chose never to marry. If she had chosen a foreign prince, he would have drawn England into foreign policies for his own advantages (as in her sister Mary's marriage to Philip of Spain); marrying a fellowcountryman could have drawn the Queen into factional infighting. Elizabeth used her marriage prospects as a political tool in foreign and domestic policies.However, the 'Virgin Queen' was presented as a selfless woman who sacrificed personal happiness for the good of the nation, to which she was, in essence, 'married'.Late in her reign, she addressed Parliament in the so-called 'Golden Speech' of 1601 when she told MPs: 'There is no jewel, be it of never so high a price, which I set before this jewel; I mean your love.' She seems to have been very popular with the vast majority of her subjects.Overall, Elizabeth's always shrewd and, when necessary, decisive leadership brought successes during a period of great danger both at home and abroad. She died at Richmond Palace on 24 March 1603, having become a legend in her lifetime. The date of her accession was a national holiday for two hundred years.。
英国女王伊丽莎白一世
英国女王伊丽莎白一世伊丽莎白一世（英语：Queen Elizabeth I）是英国历史上一位具有重要影响力的君主。
她在位期间，成为了伟大的女王，并且对英国的政治、文化和宗教产生了深远的影响。
本文将从伊丽莎白一世的个人生平、政治才能和对英国的遗产等方面，全面介绍这位杰出的女性君主。
伊丽莎白一世于1533年出生在英国格林威治宫。
她是亨利八世与安妮·博林的女儿，也是玛丽一世的妹妹。
伊丽莎白的童年并不幸福，她经历了父亲的离婚、母亲的被处决以及姐姐玛丽的迫害。
然而，这些经历锻造了她坚强的性格，并为她日后的统治打下了基础。
伊丽莎白一世于1558年登上英格兰王位，成为了历史上最著名的英国女君主之一。
她的政治才能使她成为了一位睿智和有效的统治者。
她实行了一系列内外政策，她的统治被称为“伊丽莎白时代”。
首先，伊丽莎白一世采取了巧妙的外交手段，确保了英国在欧洲的地位。
她经历了与西班牙的长期战争，包括有名的“无敌舰队”战役，最终成功地击败了西班牙。
这次胜利巩固了英国作为一个独立国家的地位，并且为英国的殖民扩张做出了贡献。
其次，伊丽莎白一世实行了一系列内政改革，促进了英国的繁荣和文化的繁荣。
她支持探险家的航海探险，在她的统治下，一些伟大的航海家如弗朗西斯·德雷克（Francis Drake）和沃尔特·罗利（Walter Raleigh）带领船队探索了新的领土。
这些航海家的探险为英国带来了财富和海外殖民地。
伊丽莎白一世还鼓励了艺术和文学的发展。
著名的作家威廉·莎士比亚在伊丽莎白一世的庇护下开始创作，并为英国文学作出了重要贡献。
她的政府还支持了剧院的建设和戏剧的发展，为英国戏剧史书写了辉煌的一页。
此外，伊丽莎白一世实行了一系列宽容政策，试图解决宗教问题。
她的统治时期正值宗教改革时期，英国社会分裂严重。
她采取了妥协的姿态，通过制定“女王至上法案”来确立自己作为国家统一的象征，既不彻底改革，又不回归天主教。
伊丽莎白一世英文介绍
In January 1559 Elizabeth I was crowned Queen of England. She was the last of the great Tudor dynasty, a bright star who dazzled both the nation and the world.Elizabeth ‘s achievements has lasted for nearly four centuries and it’s easy t o see why. She reigned for 45 tumultuous years. Her ships defeated the Spanish Armada and sailed round the globe. In her time, Shakespeare wrote plays and Spenser wrote poems.The daughter of King Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn, Queen Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558 and ruled England for almost 45 years. Her reign is known as The Golden Age, a time that saw the birth of Shakespeare, the defeat of the Spanish Armada, and the emergence of England as a world power.From the prison to the palaceElizabeth ‘s father was Henry VIII ,one of the most famous kings in England for his six wives. Henry divorced his first wife, Catherin of Aragon, because she had not given him a son he had been long for, but now her replacement Ann Boleyn had failed her principal duty as royal breeding machine, for she had only one daughter - Elizabeth. Meanwhile, Henry had fallen in love with another woman-Jane Seymour. By the time when Elizabeth was only three, Ann was soon accused of multiple adultery and executed. And their marriage was decleared null and void. Elizabeth was now illegitimate and unable to inherit the throne. So instead of the Right High and Mighty Princess, the Lady Elizabeth, inheritrix of the crown of England, she became the Lady Elizabeth, the King’s second bastard daughter. Although was brought up in the country away from the royal court, she studies languages from the age of four. She became fluent in French, Italian, Latin and Greek.In 1544, Henry reinstated Elizabeth and Mary in the succession. No woman had ever sat on the throne before. Now if Edward (Jane Seymour ’ s son) died without a heir, first Mary and then Elizabeth would become queen. Henry then sailed for France to fight a war, leaving his wife Katherine Parr, as regent in charge of the kingdom. Elizabeth now witnessed at first hand that an intelligent, well-educated woman could rule effectively. In 1546, Elizabeth’s father, Henry VIII died, and little King Edward VI had stepped into his father’s shoes at the age of 9, while Elizabeth was only 13.In order to divorce Catherin of Aragon, Henry had broken away from Romeand made himself head of the church in England. The Catholic churches ,crosses and candles were being stripped everywhere. The new faith had the enthusiastic backing of Elizabeth’s brother, the young King Edward. But by 1553, the 15-year-old King was dying of tuberculosis. He was desperate to stop the religious reforms being undone by his Catholic sister Mary, who wo uld succed under the terms of their father’s will. So he excluded her from the succession because she was a bastard. But it couldn’t stop Mary’s overwhelming support, for she was proclaimed Queen ,whose vision was to lead England back to the true Catholic faith. Mary had stamped Catholicism on England with extraordinary violence, burning at the stake over 300 Protestant men, women, and children. Elizabeth’s Protestantism marked h er out as a potential enemy. In 1554, Elizabeth was sent to the tower for involving in a failed rebellion. However, Mary finally relented under pressure from her council to name Elizabeth as her successor. In 1559, Elizabeth was crowned as Queen of England.The Virgin QueenParliament petitioned the Queen asking her to pledge herself to a suitable international marriage. Three days later, she gave her responses. “Now the public care of governing the kingdom is laid upon me, to draw upon me also the cares of my marriage, may seem a point of inconsiderable folly. Yea, to satisfy you, I have already joined myself in marriage to an husband, namely the Kingdom of England. And for me it shall be a full satisfaction if, when I shall let my last breath, it may be engraven upon my marble tomb ’Here lieth Elizabeth, which reigned a virgin an d died a virgin’.”Elizabeth had finally got the parliament to restore Protestantism in England. Queen Elizabeth is God’s direct representative here on earth-church and state are one.Elizabeth had inherited from her sister Mary a nation that was bankrupt, military weak and hemmed in by enemies. In the parlance of the time, the country was a bone between two dogs - France and Spain.Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn.Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne seemed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. Roman Catholics, indeed, always considered her illegitimate and she only narrowly escaped execution in the wake of a failed rebellion against Queen Mary in 1554.Elizabeth succeeded to the throne on her half-sister's death in November 1558. She was very well-educated (fluent in five languages), and had inherited intelligence, determination and shrewdness from both parents.Her 45-year reign is generally considered one of the most glorious in English history. During it a secure Church of England wasestablished. Its doctrines were laid down in the 39 Articles of 1563, a compromise between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.Elizabeth herself refused to 'make windows into men's souls ... there is only one Jesus Christ and all the rest is a dispute over trifles'; she asked for outward uniformity.Most of her subjects accepted the compromise as the basis of their faith, and her church settlement probably saved England from religious wars like those which France suffered in the second half of the 16th century.Although autocratic and capricious, Elizabeth had astute political judgement and chose her ministers well; these included William Cecil, later Lord Burghley (Secretary of State), SirChristopher Hatton (Lord Chancellor) and Sir Francis Walsingham (in charge of intelligence and also a Secretary of State).Overall, Elizabeth's administration consisted of some 600officials administering the great offices of state, and a similar number dealing with the Crown lands (which funded the administrative costs). Social and economic regulation and law andorder remained in the hands of the sheriffs at local level, supported by unpaid justices of the peace.Elizabeth's reign also saw many brave voyages of discovery, including those of Francis Drake, Walter Raleigh and Humphrey Gilbert, particularly to the Americas. These expeditions prepared England for an age of colonisation and trade expansion, which Elizabeth herself recognised by establishing the East India Company in at the very end of 1599.The arts flourished during Elizabeth's reign. Country houses such as Longleat and Hardwick Hall were built, miniature painting reached its high point, theatres thrived - the Queen attended the first performance of Shakespeare's 'A Midsummer Night's Dream'. Composers such as William Byrd and Thomas Tallis worked in Elizabeth's court and at the Chapel Royal, St. James's Palace.The image of Elizabeth's reign is one of triumph and success. The Queen herself was often called 'Gloriana', 'Good Queen Bess' and 'The Virgin Queen'.Investing in expensive clothes and jewellery (to look the part, like all contemporary sovereigns), she cultivated this image by touringthe country in regional visits known as 'progresses', often riding on horseback rather than by carriage. Elizabeth made at least 25 progresses during her reign.However, Elizabeth's reign was one of considerable danger and difficulty for many, with threats of invasion from Spain through Ireland, and from France through Scotland. Much of northern England was in rebellion in 1569-70. A papal bull of 1570 specifically released Elizabeth's subjects from their allegiance, and she passed harsh laws against Roman Catholics after plots against her life were discovered.One such plot involved Mary, Queen of Scots, who had fled to England in 1568 after her second husband, Henry, Lord Darnley's, murder and her subsequent marriage to a man believed to have been involved in his murder, James, Earl of Bothwell..As a likely successor to Elizabeth, Mary spent 19 years as Elizabeth's prisoner because Mary was the focus for rebellion and possible assassination plots, such as the Babington Plot of 1586.Mary was also a temptation for potential invaders such as Philip II. In a letter of 1586 to Mary, Elizabeth wrote, 'You haveplanned ... to take my life and ruin my kingdom ... I never proceeded so harshly against you.' Despite Elizabeth's reluctance to take drastic action, on the insistence of Parliament and her advisers, Mary was tried, found guilty and executed in 1587.In 1588, aided by bad weather, the English navy scored a great victory over the Spanish invasion fleet of around 130 ships - the 'Armada'. The Spanish Armada was intended to overthrow the Queen and re-establish Roman Catholicism by conquest, as Philip II believed he had a claim to the English throne through his marriage to Mary.During Elizabeth's long reign, the nation also suffered from high prices and severe economic depression, especially in the countryside, during the 1590s. The war against Spain was not very successful after the Armada had been beaten and, together with other campaigns, it was very costly.Though she kept a tight rein on government expenditure, Elizabeth left large debts to her successor. Wars during Elizabeth's reign are estimated to have cost over £5 million (a t the prices of the time) which Crown revenues could not match - in 1588, for example, Elizabeth's total annual revenue amounted to some £392,000.Despite the combination of financial strains and prolonged war after 1588, Parliament was not summoned more often. There were only 16 sittings of the Commons during Elizabeth's reign, five of which were in the period 1588-1601. Although Elizabeth freely used her power to veto legislation, she avoided confrontation and did not attempt to define Parliament's constitutional position and rights.Elizabeth chose never to marry. If she had chosen a foreign prince, he would have drawn England into foreign policies for his own advantages (as in her sister Mary's marriage to Philip of Spain); marrying a fellow countryman could have drawn the Queen into factional infighting. Elizabeth used her marriage prospects as a political tool in foreign and domestic policies.However, the 'Virgin Queen' was presented as a selfless woman who sacrificed personal happiness for the good of the nation, to which she was, in essence, 'married'.Late in her reign, she addressed Parliament in the so-called 'Golden Speech' of 1601 when she told MPs: 'There is no jewel, be it of never so high a price, which I set before this jewel; I mean your love.'She seems to have been very popular with the vast majority of her subjects.Overall, Elizabeth's always shrewd and, when necessary, decisive leadership brought successes during a period of great danger both at home and abroad. She died at Richmond Palace on 24 March 1603, having become a legend in her lifetime. The date of her accession was a national holiday for two hundred years.。
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Elizabeth was a carefree small princess in the first three year.
In January 1536, Elizabeth's status was down a lot because of Boleyn’s death. In June 1536, the parliament declared to cancel her throne from qualification.
The parliament refused to recognize the legitimacy of her throne. Like father, Henry VIII, Elizabeth decided out of the relationship with the Pope and announced that the United Kingdom is the Protestant countries. She took a cautious attitude when dealing with the relationship with parliament.
on January 15th, 1559 Elizabeth was crowned Queen in Westminster Abbey. her status was not stable at that time. It was said the day in which she was crowned that chosen by the British famous mathematicians and astrology John Dee w as very lucky. The person crowned her was bishop of Charis who was the highest in the church can find legal rithe death of Boleyn, Henry viii successively took four wives, but only had one son, Edward. In 1547, Henry viii died, the son became the king. 1547 ,Edward acceded ,only in six years. The new king had a weak body, and suffering from tuberculosis. Therefore, the replacement of the throne was just a question of time. With qualified succession to the throne:
The queen married England-Elizabeth I
F ro m L e s lie
& M ira n d a
The daughter of
Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
fa m ily ba ckground
On September 7, 1533, Elizabeth was born in Greenwich palace. Her father complained that why she was not a boy. After all Elizabeth was Henry VIII and Boleyn’s product of legal marriage, therefore, she was determined for the legal heir of the crown.
military affairs Elizabeth encouraged piracy toward Spanish and involved the war of independence of Netherlands fighting against Spanish. This enraged Spanish king Philip II, so he started a war with England. At that time, Spanish was the empire of the sea and called himself Spanish Armada. There is a great disparity between two sides. Then unexpectedly, the England defeated Spanish Armada. After this, the Spanish had a sharp decline and the sea overlord status was replaced by England.
1、Because of the difference of religious belief, after Mary became queen ,she began to persecute Elizabeth. 2、Mary wanted to marry the Spanish royal family. So the nobles wanted Elizabeth became the queen of England instead of Mary .But it failed. Then Mary imprisoned Elizabeth. 3、November 17, 1557, Mary died. Elizabeth finally became the second British Queen.
She was very thrifty, but she was very positive to the prosperity of country, she relied on businessmen and pirates to increase the income of royal family.
When parliament asked her to marry someone and left the heir of the throne, she said: “I have already marry a husband, he is England."
She did not want the British subordinate to Spain or France because of her marriage.
Achievements
policy English religion conflict was very fiercely during the 44 years that Elizabeth ruled. In the first two years ,Elizabeth released the highest authority method (Supremacy Act) and a single Act in 1558, providing the king also is the top leader of the church of England.
Henry VIII 's daughter Mary
Henry VIII 's daughter Elizabeth Henry VIII 's niece Jenny. According to the throne from habit, Mary should be first selection throne.
Fourth In 1985,a research shows that Elizabeth has no ability to bear. They think have a sick named complete androgen insensitivity syndrome(雄激素完全 不敏感综合征) .This makes her cannot live as a normal woman.
Second Her father Henry VIII killed her mother when she was three years old for her mother did not give birth to a boy. This left deep impression for her and cause her afraid of each boy of her life.
伊丽莎白于1559年1月15日在威斯敏斯特教堂被加冕为女王，当时她的地位很不稳定。 她加冕的日子是当时英国著名的数学家和占星士约翰· 迪伊挑选的，据说它特别吉利。 给她加冕的是卡里斯勒的主教，他是当时在教会界能找到的最高的承认她的合法地位的 人。
All the information isueen Elizabeth I was died at ten years old. Then a boy named “the Bisley boy”(比斯利男孩) who looks just like her replaced her. So, “she” wears High-necked clothes to cover “her “Adam’s apple.(喉结)