新译林版九年级上册第三单元宾语从句小结

宾语从句学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。

一.宾语从句的定义宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语作动词的宾语:I heard that he would come here later on.主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语作介词的宾语:He said nothing about who broke the window last night.主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语二.宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词：who, whose, what ,which副词：when ,where, how, why 等。

①连词：He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学.I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试. that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）Attention：宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose,等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。

I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.由whether,if 引导的宾语从句当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。

如：I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

但在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if：①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether 如：Let me know whether he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。

②在介词之后用whether。

如：I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。

③在不定式前用whether。

如：He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。

连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。

②连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。

连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?③连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。

He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.三.宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。

根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1）连接词＋谓语。

连接词在从句中作主语。

常见的连接词有：who，what，which等。

Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？The small children don't know what is in their stockings这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西.2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。

连接词在从句中作主语的定语。

常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。

如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。

The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。

3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。

连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。

常见的连接词有：who （m），what，which，how many，how much，when，why，how，where，if ／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。

如：He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。

Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。

连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。

常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。

如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。

四.宾语从句的时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。

如：I don't know when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来。

He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。

2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用相应的过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。

如：①The children didn't know who he was．孩子们不知道他是谁。

②He asked his father how it happened．他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。

3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。

如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老师说地球绕着太阳转。

五．简化宾语从句常用六法同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。

下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。

例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.方法二：当主句谓语动词是know，learn，remember，forget，tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。

例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.注：当主句谓语动词是tell，ask，show，teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。

例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？→Could you tell me how to get to the station？六．注意if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。

if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。

它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。

如：—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？—Sorry，I don't know．When he comes back，I'll tell you．对不起，不知道。

当他回来了，我将告诉你。

—I don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否会来。

—He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他会来的。

宾语从句专项练习一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。

1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said ______ these flowers ______ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.4．Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.5．Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet.7．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?8．Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?9．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.10．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.I don’t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.12. What's his name? I asked him.I asked him what _____ _____ _____.13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.二、选择填空。