呼吸系统疾病专业学术翻译必备词汇
呼吸科常用英文
呼吸科常用英文询问病史case historyYou need to get a detailed history including the timing and acuity of onset, exacerbating and alleviating factors and environment triggers to help you confirm a diagnosis or discard other diseases /develop a differential diagnosis. Ask your patient whether there is a history of tobacco use, or other toxic and environmental exposures and his occupational history.General/biographical data,marital status, nativity, occupation, informant, time of admission and record, chief plaint, history of present illness, previous health status<well, ordinary or bad>, any infectious diseases, allergic history, history of trauma or surgery, smoking <about how many years, average how many pieces per day, ceased for how many years>, alcohol in take<occasional or frequent>,spouse’s health status, menorrhea <menarche age , cycle lasting for how many days, menstrual cycle, last menstruation period or age of menopause, any menstrual pain or irregular cycle>, childbearing or pregnancy< times , natural labor, abortions ,premature delivery, stillbirths, difficult labor, family history <any congenital diseases, father and mother: still alive, illness ,or cause of death, siblings and children>常用的症状symptomsfeverCough 咳嗽Sputum <dry, purulent脓性的, copious green sputum大量绿色痰,tenacious yellow sputum 黄粘痰,frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰,rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezingDyspnea during exertion or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea 端坐呼吸Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath 〔SOB〕Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感Exercise intolerancepleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛Pharyngalgia ; pharyngodynia 咽痛Hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳Sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise 不舒服myalgia 肌痛insomia 失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia 发声困难常见的体征physical signsclubbed fingers杵状指: increased longitudinal and transversecurvature ,loss of concave nail fold angle, bogginess of nail bed and increased soft tissue bulk of distal phalanx, drumstick- likenicotine stainingcyanosis:blue discolouration of mucosal membranes and skin ,caused when mean capillary concentration of deoxyhemoglobin more than 5g/dl, O2 saturation less than 85%,PaO2 less than 8KPa peripheral cyanosis: cold blue peripheries, e.g. nail beds due to cold exposurescentral cyanosis: warm peripheries, blue tongue or lipshand flap: due to CO2 retentionasterixis 扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodesincreased respiratory ratetachycardia 心动过速pulsus paradoxus: >10 mmHg ↓on inspiration <seen in se vere asthma>barrel chesthyperexpanded, decreased expansionkyphosis 驼背,脊柱后凸Inspection:tachypnea 呼吸急促accessory muscles of respiration: sternocleidomastoid muscle, arm support, alae flaringwide or narrow intercostal spacetactile vocal fremitus 触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:resonancedullnessflatnesshyperresonancetympanylower borders: scapular line X left/right intercostal spacerange of mobilityAuscultation:vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridor , crackles, Velcro-like soundesmoist rales : coarse, medium, fine, crepitus捻发音pleural friction rubsplete absence of breath soundsankle edemaweight loss,cachexia恶病质,cachectic恶病质的decreased food appetite, loss of appetite, anorexia食欲减退常做的检查examinations or laboratory findings<to take ,undergo, perform ,receive or have>temperature charts 体温图<take one’s body temperature>sputum pot 痰盂Blood/urine/stool routine, occult blood testBlood biochemistrySputum /blood culture and drug sensitivity testsputum cytologyPulse oximeter 脉氧计：continuous monitoring of blood oxygen saturationArterial blood gas analysis<ABG>: arterial blood sampling , radial/ femoral artery puncturePaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood hypercarbiaPaO2: partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood hypoxemiarespiratory failure:type 1: decreased O2 supply, PaO2＜60 mmHg<millimeters of mercury>due to diffusion failure or V/Q dismatch <ventilation-perfusion<quotient>ratio>pulmonary edema, pneumonia, infarction, fibrosis,or pulmonary embolism,pulmonary hypertension, shunttype 2: decreased CO2 removal, PaCO2＞50 mmHg<millimeters of mercury>due to alveolar ventilation failureobstructive: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasisrestrictive: neuromuscular <sedatives, myasthenia>, structural <ankylosing spondylitis>, pleural diseases ,obesityChest X-ray/radiograph:reticulo-nodular shadowing <reticular, linear, military nodules粟粒样结节>coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔：amphoric 空翁音的<breathing like blowing over a bottle top>opacification浑浊：consolidation <air space infiltrate>:confluent shadowing and air bronchogramcollapse: lobar<upper, middle/lingual, lower>segmental atelactasispleural effusionmediastinal mass: thyroid ,thymoma, teratoma, TB lymph nodes,terrible diagnoses including lymphoma and aneurysmChest CT scan< puted tomography>Head MRI<magnetic resonance imaging>PET-CT of the whole body<positron-emission tomography>Abdominal ultrasoundskin prick test 皮肤点刺试验〔dust mites尘螨,pollen花粉,cockroach蟑螂〕tuberculin skin test <purified protein derivative<of tuberculin> test, PPD test>Pulmonary function test : Spirometry 呼吸量测定法,肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases: airflow limitationFEV1/FVC FVC RV and TLC KCO< 0.7 ↓ ↑ ↓restrictive lung diseases: decreased lung pliance and small lung volumesintraparenchymal >0.75 ↓↓ ↓ ↓extraparenchymal variable ↓↓ ↓ normalFEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 secondFVC: force vital capacityTLC: total lung capacityRV: residual volumeKCO: transfer factor < diffusion rate>PEFR: peak expiratory flow rateflow-volume loop < inspiration and expiration>bronchoprovocation/challenge test 支气管激发试验：histamine or methacholine-inhalationbronchodilatation支气管舒张试验: salbutamol沙丁胺醇fiberoptic bronchoscopy: biopsies, bronchial brush samples for pathological examation, bronchial washings>bronchoalveolar lavage <BAL>protected specimen brush <PStransthoracic percutaneous needle aspirationpercutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance < for peripheral tumours>video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided lung biopsyopen lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram <ECG>echocardiogram超声心动图V/Q isotope scan < ventilation/perfusion scanning>spiral CT/MRA <Magnetic Resonance Angiography>pulmonary angiographyDoppler USS thigh and pelvis <USS: ultrasound scanning>cardiac monitorPSG< polysommography>常见的病名diseasesacute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染mon cold 普通感冒influenza 流感pharynigitis 咽炎acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎pneumonia 肺炎munity acquired pneumonia <CAP> 社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia <HAP> 医院获得性肺炎nosoical pneumonia <NP> 医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease <acute exacerbating> AECOPD COPD急性发作bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘allergic rhinitis过敏性鼻炎respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma 〔SCLC〕小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤pulmonary embolism 〔PE〕肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism <PTE> 肺血栓栓塞症pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸pneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸chronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病congenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病right heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮rheumatoid arthritis, RA 类风湿性关节炎systemic sclerosis, SSc 系统性硬化scleroderma 硬皮病sjoren’s syndrome 感知综合征polymyositis 多发性肌炎dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis 特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis 曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis <ABPA>pleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘oral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病,鹅口疮osteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaua 青光眼cataract白内障acute lung injury ,ALI 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria 荨麻疹eczema 湿疹hypertension 高血压diabetes 糖尿病常用的药物drugs or agentsbe administered, treat sb. withempirical 经验性的, prophylactic预防性, remedial治疗性Expectorant 祛痰药Mucolytics 粘液溶解剂bronchodilatorB2-agonists: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇long-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗muscarinic antagonists: ipratropium bromide 异丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶碱steroids inhaled: budesonide 布地奈德, beclomethasone倍氯米松,fluticasone氟替卡松systemic: prednisolone po., hydrocortisone iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠leukotriene receptor antagonists: montelukast孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants:lobelinenikethamidecardiac tonic 强心剂diuretics 利尿剂albumin 白蛋白antitussive agents 镇咳药ammonium chloride 氯化铵ambroxol 氨溴索〔mucosolvan 沐舒坦〕常用的治疗措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae鼻导管, Venturi face-mask nebulizer喷雾器: finer particle size <3 to 20um> allows tracheobronchial depositionmetered dose inhaler <MDI>continuous positive airway pressure <CPAP>-tight-fitting mask <non-invasive>intermittent positive-pressure ventilation < IPPV>non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation <NIPPV>mechanical ventilation: non-invasive or invasive<via intubation插管,tracheostomy 气管造口术,tracheotomy气管切开术>synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步间歇指令通气pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术chest drain/drainage 引流术chemotherapy 化疗radiation therapy 放疗pneumonectomy 肺切除术lobectomy of lung,pulmonary lobectomy肺叶切除术thoracotomy 开胸术,胸廓切开术pleurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurectomy 胸膜切除术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术inferior vena cava filter 下腔静脉过滤器常见的疾病chornic bronchitis: procuctive cough, most days of 3 months of the year, for at least 2 consecutive years, cough with white or purulent sputumbronchiectasis:cystic囊性的/varicose曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样hemoptysisphysiotherapy: chest wall percussion wirh head-down postural drainagelong term oxygen inhalation : to prevent cor pulmonalemedical: bronchodilators, mucolytics, rotating courses of antibiotics surgical: resection, artery embolization for hemoptysislung abscessusually on right side, as right bronchus is shorter and more vertical;in the supine patient , abscess develops in apical lower lobe or posterial upper lobe.pneumothoraxaccumulation of air in pleural space, with secondary partial collapse of subpleural bleb ruputurelactrogenic: positive pressure ventilation, bronchoscopy ,esp. biopsy types: closed, open, tensionmediastinal deviation :trachea and apex shift contralaterallyCXR: translucency +collapse: visible rim between lung and chest wall＞2 cm =＞50% lung volume lossaspiration吸引术,intercostal drainrefractory or recurrent: pleurodesis, pleurectomy, bulla stapling or laseringpleural effusionchest pain and progressively worsening of shortness of breathTransudate漏出液：redistribution of Starling forces across microcirculation, diuretics can result in rapid resolution, protein <30g/L or pleura: serum protein <1/2 or pleura: serum LDH<2/3;often seen in cardiac failure, hypoalbuminemia, embolism, superior or inferior vena cava obstruction, hypothyroidism .Exudate渗出液：capillary permeability increases or lymph drainage decreasesoften seen in infection ,neoplasia, surgery or trauma.CXR: meniscus-shaped,rises towards axillaAppearance: clear ,straw-coloured: suggests transduateturbid, green: indicates exudates<pus cells> or empyema <bacterial infection>bloody< haemothorax血胸>: tumor ,pulmonary embolism, acute pancreatitis, traumawhite< chylothorax乳糜胸>：lymph ,blocked thoracic duct, usually due to tumourTherapy: transudate: diureticsexudates: repeated drainage <thoracocentesis>intrathoracic streptokinase via chest drain: to lyse fibrinous adhesionspleural adhesion: tetracycline. bleomycinlung cancerhoarseness: due to left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsydysphagiapancoast tumor infiltrates T1 stellate ganglion resulting in Horner syndromehypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathysuperior vena cava obstruction <SVCO>: headache, shortness of breath; conjunctival edema, plethora, vein dilation, pericardial tamponade< JVP↑,ABP↓,quiet HSparaneoplastic syndromes: endocrine< ACTH: Cushing’s; B-HCG:gynaeastia and body hair loss; PTH: hypercalcaemia especially squamous cell carcinoma>,skin〔dermatomyositis〕immunopromised e.g. shingles 带状疱疹squamous cell carcinoma: 30% of all primary lung tumours, but decreasing incidence ,relatively good prognosis if localized, squamous metaplasia with keratin whorls, central location, clubbing, hypercalcemia< PTH-rp secretion>adenocarcinoma: 30%,increasing incidence, esp. women, less association with smoking, poor prognosis, metastasis early, gland-like and mucin-secretion, peripheral location, pleural effusions, hypercoagulable statesmall cell carcinoma:20%,poor prognosis, metastasis occur early, small AUPD cells with neurosecretory granules, central location, paraneoplastic syndromes monbronchoalveolar cell carcinoma: variant of adenocarcinoma that is associated with chronic lung inflammation , e.g. fibrosing , copious clear mucoid sputumNSCLC: surgical resection possible at first, adjuvant chemotherapySCLC: radiotherapy + chemotherapy < etoposide + cisplatin>secondary lung cancer: breast, oesophago/gastric/head-neck<+colon if liver metastasis>, melanoma, bone <sara>, thyroid, renal, prostate, ovary, choriocarcinoma, testes etc.obstructive sleep apnoeaobstruction of upper airway occurs at night with loss of muscle tone in sleep, snoring, sleepiness during day, aponeic spells <O2↓,patient awakes from sleep>, awakening with nocturia, daytime somnolence, decreased memory and attention, increased accident risk, polycythaemia, systemic hypertension and pulmonary hypertensionCauses: central obesity< fat deposition around upper airway leads to airway narrowing, abdominal fat elevates diaphragm>,structural features of upper airway <nasal obstruction: rhinitis,polyps, deviated sputum; adenotonsillar hypertrophy, micrognathia; macroglossia due to hypothyrodism/amyloid/Down’s; cervical m asses: goiter,laryngeal stenosis>, smoking< exacerabates hypoxia>, alcohol <acts as a sedative thereby reducing upper airway tone>,neuromuscular or CNS diseases PSG< polysommography>: overnight sleep studyTherapy: conservative: weight loss, avoid alcohol /smoking/sedatives, avoid supine positioncontinuous positive airway pressure <CPAP>mandibular advancement device <MAD>adenoidectomy 〔curative in children〕uvulopalatopharyngoplasty悬雍垂-腭-咽成形术maxillomandibular osteotomyobesity-hypoventilation syndrome: collapse of alveoli at end-expiration, decreased pliance due to weight of abdomen and chest wall, central respiratory drive↓常用的化疗药cisplatin 顺铂Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar <盐酸吉西他滨注射剂>paclitaxel; taxinol紫杉醇〔Taxol泰素〕docetaxel多西他赛〔泰素帝〕常见的抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesispenicillin skin testamoxicillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin 头孢菌素类cefradine 头孢拉啶cefaclor 头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦ceftriaxone 头孢曲松cefpiramide 头孢吡啶ceftazidime 头孢他定ceftizoxime 头孢唑污carbopenems 碳青霉烯类azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美罗培南imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亚胺培南/西司他丁钠〔泰能tienam〕Glycopeptides 糖肽类inhibit cell wall assemblyvanycin 万古霉素norvanycin 去甲万古霉素teicoplanin 替考拉林Macrolides大环内酯类：inhibit protein synthesisroxithromycin 罗红霉素clarithromycin 克拉霉素azithromycin 阿奇霉素erythromycin 红霉素Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷类reno- and ototoxicinhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesisamikacin 阿米卡星〔丁胺卡那〕gentamicin 庆大霉素streptomycin 链霉素Sulfamido 磺胺类sulfamethoxazole pound <SMZ.CO>Quinolones 喹诺酮类：inhibit DNA gyrasenorfloxacin 诺氟沙星ofloxacin 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin 加替沙星moxifloxacin 莫西沙星ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星Tetracycline 四环素类minocycline 美满霉素Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类metronidazole 甲硝唑tinidazole 替硝唑ornidazole 奥硝唑Antitubercular agents抗结核药rifampicin 利福平rifapentine 利福喷丁isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺ethambutol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin 两性霉素Bfluconazole 氟康唑voriconazole 伏立康唑itraconazole 伊曲康唑Antivirus agentsribavirin 利巴韦林oseltamivir 奥司他韦acyclovir 阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦valaciclovir 伐昔洛韦foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid膦甲酸钠〔可耐〕lamivudine 拉米夫定entecavir 恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism, microbe 微生物bacterium 细菌lipopolysaccharide 〔LPS〕脂多糖antibiotics 抗生素pyrogen 致热原exotoxin 外毒素endotoxin 内毒素Gram stain 革兰染色Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位antibacterial agents 抗菌药resistance 耐药性ESBLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱B内酰胺酶MRSA：methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症endotoxemia 内毒素血症septicaemia 败血症pyemia 脓毒血症pathogen 致病原pathogenicity 致病性virulence 毒力median lethal dose <LD50> 半数致死量median infective dose <ID50> 半数感染量virus 病毒replication 复制viremia 病毒血症normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiological microbiota 正常微生物群flora disequilibrium 菌群失调dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症opportunistic infection 机会性感染conditioned infection 条件致病性感染endogenous infection 内源性感染exogenous infection 外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibility testing 药物敏感试验minimum inhibitory concentration <MIC> 最小抑菌浓度minimum bactericidal concentration <MBC> 最小杀菌浓度disinfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌asepsis 无菌aseptic technique 无菌技术bacteriostasis 抑菌antisepsis 防腐disinfectant 消毒剂bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂bactericide 杀菌剂autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外线isolation precaution 隔离预防artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫vaccination 疫苗接种killed/inactivated vaccine 死/灭活疫苗attentuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗toxoid 类毒素artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫antitoxin 抗毒素gammaglobulin 丙种球蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Viridans streptococci 草绿色链球菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Legionella 军团杆菌属Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Serratia 沙雷菌属Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌Acinebacter 不动杆菌属Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝杆菌属,抗酸杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌Purified protein derivate, PPDOld tuberculin,OTAtypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Anaerobic bacterial 厌氧性细菌Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridum perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridum difficile 艰难梭菌antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia 耶尔森菌属Brucella 布氏菌属Actinomyces 放线菌属Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体〔苍白密螺旋体〕Venereal disease reference laboratory <VDRL>Rapid plasma regain <RPR>Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体Chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Viruses associated with respiratory infections 呼吸道病毒Influenza virus 流感病毒Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒Coronavirus 冠状病毒Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARSAdenovirus 腺病毒Rubella virus 风疹病毒Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Enterovirus 肠道病毒Rotavirus 轮状病毒hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒Encephalitis B virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热Herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB病毒Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human papillomaviruses, HPV 人乳头状瘤病毒Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDSHuman T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人T淋巴细胞病毒Adult T-cell leukemia 成人T细胞性白血病Rabies virus 风疹病毒Fungus 真菌Yeast 酵母Spore 孢子Hypha 菌丝Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌Trichophyton 毛癣菌属Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属Tinea 癣Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosis 组织胞浆菌病Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌,白色念珠菌Candidiasis 念珠菌病Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP 卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus 曲霉菌Mucor 毛霉菌属。
医学专业英语词汇大全
医学专业英语词汇大全一、人体解剖学词汇1. 骨骼系统（Skeletal System）skull（颅骨）spine（脊柱）rib（肋骨）pelvis（骨盆）femur（股骨）tibia（胫骨）fibula（腓骨）2. 肌肉系统（Muscular System）biceps（二头肌）triceps（三头肌）deltoid（三角肌）quadriceps（四头肌）gluteus（臀大肌）rectus abdominis（腹直肌）3. 神经系统（Nervous System）brain（大脑）spinal cord（脊髓）neuron（神经元）synapse（突触）cerebellum（小脑）hypothalamus（下丘脑）4. 循环系统（Circulatory System） heart（心脏）artery（动脉）vein（静脉）capillary（毛细血管）blood（血液）plasma（血浆）5. 呼吸系统（Respiratory System） lung（肺）trachea（气管）bronchus（支气管）alveoli（肺泡）diaphragm（膈肌）二、临床医学词汇1. 疾病与症状diabetes（糖尿病）hypertension（高血压）asthma（哮喘）fever（发热）headache（头痛）nausea（恶心）2. 检查与诊断physical examination（体格检查）Xray（X光检查）CT scan（CT扫描）MRI（磁共振成像）biopsy（活检）diagnosis（诊断）3. 治疗与药物medication（药物治疗）surgery（手术治疗）vaccination（疫苗接种）antibiotic（抗生素）painkiller（止痛药）insulin（胰岛素）三、医学分支词汇1. 内科学（Internal Medicine） cardiology（心脏病学）gastroenterology（消化病学） nephrology（肾脏病学）endocrinology（内分泌学）hematology（血液病学）2. 外科学（Surgery）general surgery（普通外科） orthopedic surgery（骨科）neurosurgery（神经外科）plastic surgery（整形外科）cardiac surgery（心脏外科）3. 妇产科（Obstetrics and Gynecology）pregnancy（妊娠）childbirth（分娩）contraception（避孕）menopause（更年期）cervical cancer（宫颈癌）4. 儿科学（Pediatrics）immunization（免疫）growth chart（生长曲线）developmental milestones（发育里程碑）asthma in children（儿童哮喘）childhood obesity（儿童肥胖）本词汇大全旨在帮助医学专业人员和爱好者更好地掌握医学英语，提高专业英语水平。
呼吸科英语常用词汇(部分含音标)
呼吸科英语A：Bronchial asthma ['æsmə, 'æz-]支气管哮喘acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析Anaemia 贫血Alveolar 肺泡的antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis 肺不张Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist B2受体激动剂Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome ['respərətəri, ri'spaiə-]急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion and auscultation 叩／听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis ['pʌlmənəri, 'pul-] [ɑ:'tiəriəl][sti'nəusis]肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiopsy 活检Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop：bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查CCAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed finger 杵状指dry cough 干咳Cyanosis 紫绀Nonproductive cough 干咳Complication 并发症DDyspnea [disp'ni:ə] 呼吸困难Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断EEmphysema [,emfi'si:mə]肺气肿pulmonary embolism ['embəlizəm] 肺栓塞Acid base equolibrium 酸碱平衡etiology 病因学Emphysematous 肺大泡Expectoration 吐痰Exacerbation 加重Endogenous内生的Exogenous 外生的FInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化GGM+ Gram stain positiveGm- Gram stain negativeHHypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Hemoptysis 咯血Hemorrhage 出血HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology 组织学Hypoxia 缺氧IIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal 气管内的Intravenous 静脉内的NNoninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气OOSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征PPulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音Pneumonia [nju:'məunjə]肺炎Pneumothorax [,nju:mə'θɔ:ræks]气胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比Pleura 胸腔积液Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test 激发试验Parenchymal 实质的（interstitial的）Pulmonary edema肺水肿Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎RMoist rales 湿罗音Dry rales 干罗音SSaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度Short of breath 气短Syncope 晕厥Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段TTuberculosis 结核病Tachypnea 气促Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查UUpper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染WWheeze 哮鸣音其他facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰release of bronchial spasm 解痉细菌steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌legionella 军团菌mycoplasma 支原体chlamydia 衣原体pneumococcus 肺炎球菌。
呼吸系统词缀 医学英语
breath；-spiro-,pneumo-,pneumato-,-pnea1.breathometer 呼吸计2.breath-sounds 呼吸音3.breathing artificial 人工呼吸4.spirometry 肺量测定法5.spiroscope 呼吸量检视器6.pneumoalveolography 肺泡X线造影7.pneumoangiography 肺血管造影术8.pneumobacillin 肺炎杆菌属9.pneumobronchotomy 肺支气管切开术10.pneumocardial 肺心的nose ；naso-,rhino-1.nose cleft 鼻畸形2.nostril 鼻孔3.nasoantral 鼻上颌窦的4.nasolabial 鼻唇的5.nasomanometer 鼻压计6.nasopharyngeal 鼻咽的7.nasoseptal 鼻中隔8.nasosinusitis 鼻窦炎9.rhinocarcinoma 鼻癌10.rhinocnesmus 鼻痒11.rhinodynia 鼻痛12.rhinorrhea 鼻漏throat ；近义构型词laryngo-ryngalgia 喉痛ryngectomy 喉切除术ryngemphraxis 喉阻塞ryngendoscope 喉镜ryngismal 喉痉挛的ryngitis 喉炎ryngocarcinoma 喉癌ryngocele 喉膨出ryngocentesis 喉穿刺术ryngopharyngitis 咽喉炎glottis ；近义构型词glotto-1.glottidectomy 声门切除术2.glottidospasm 声门痉挛3.glottiscope 声门镜4.glottitis 舌炎5.glottogram 声门图6.glottis false 假声门7.glottography 声门描记法8.glottology 舌学9.glottal 声门的10.glottis vera 声门裂trachea,windpipe 近义构型词tracheo-1.tracheoaerocele 气管气疝2.tracheobronchitis 气管支气管炎3.tracheocarcinoma 气管癌4.tracheoesophageal 气管食管的5.tracheolaryngeal 气管喉的6.tracheole 小气管7.tracheomalacia 气管软化8.tracheopathy 气管病9.tracheorrhagia 气管出血10.tracheoscopy 气管镜检bronchus ；近义构型词broncho- ,bronchiolo-1.bronchia 小气管2.bronchiectasia 支气管扩张3.bronchiogenic 支气管源的4.bronchiolitis 细支气管炎5.bronchismus 支气管痉挛6.bronchitis 支气管炎7.bronchoadenitis 支气管淋巴结炎8.bronchodilatation 支气管扩张术9.bronchoedema 支气管水肿10.bronchoesophagoscope 支气管食管镜lung ；近义构型词pulmo(no)-,pneumono-1.pulmogram 肺X线照片2.pulmometer 肺量计3.pulmonectomy 肺切除术4.pulmonitis 肺炎5.pulmonohepatic 肺肝的6.pneumonemia 肺充血7.pneumomalacia 肺软化8.pneumochysis 肺水肿9.pneumococci 肺炎球菌10.pneumobacillus 肺炎杆菌air sacs,alveolus ;近义构型词alveolo-1.alveolitis 肺泡炎2.alveolocapillary 肺泡毛细血管的pleura ；近义构型词pleuro-1.pleurobronchitis 胸膜支气管炎2.pleurodesis 胸膜固定术3.pleurodynia 胸膜痛4.pleurography 胸膜腔X线摄影术5.pleurohepatitis 胸膜肝炎6.pleuropericarditis 胸膜心包炎7.pleuroperitoneum 胸腹膜8.pleurorrhea 胸膜腔渗液9.pleuroscopy 胸膜腔镜检查10.pleurotomy 胸膜切开术。
呼吸专业英语单词
(一)nose ；naso-,rhino-1.nose cleft 鼻畸形2.nostril 鼻孔3.nasoantral 鼻上颌窦的4.nasolabial 鼻唇的5.nasomanometer 鼻压计6.nasopharyngeal 鼻咽的7.nasoseptal 鼻中隔8.nasosinusitis 鼻窦炎9.rhinocarcinoma 鼻癌10.r hinocnesmus 鼻痒11.r hinodynia 鼻痛12.r hinorrhea 鼻漏13.a llergic rhinitis 过敏性鼻炎（二）throat ；近义构型词laryngo-ryngalgia 喉痛ryngectomy 喉切除术ryngemphraxis 喉阻塞ryngendoscope 喉镜ryngismal 喉痉挛的ryngitis 喉炎ryngocarcinoma 喉癌ryngocele 喉膨出ryngocentesis 喉穿刺术10.l aryngopharyngitis 咽喉炎11.p haryngalgia[færin'gældʒiə] ; pharyngodynia[,færiŋ'ɡɔdiniə] 咽痛（三）glottis ；近义构型词glotto-1．glottidectomy 声门切除术2.glottidospasm 声门痉挛3.glottiscope 声门镜4.glottogram 声门图5．glottis false 假声门6.glottography 声门描记法7.glottal 声门的8.glottis vera 声门裂9.glottitis 舌炎10.glottology 舌学（四）trachea,windpipe 近义构型词tracheo-1.tracheoaerocele 气管气疝2.tracheobronchitis 气管支气管炎3.tracheocarcinoma 气管癌4.tracheoesophageal 气管食管的5.tracheolaryngeal 气管喉的6.tracheole 小气管7.tracheomalacia 气管软化8.tracheopathy 气管病9.tracheorrhagia 气管出血10.t racheoscopy 气管镜检（五）bronchus ；近义构型词broncho- ,bronchiolo-1.bronchia 小气管2.bronchiectasia 支气管扩张3.bronchiogenic 支气管源的4.bronchiolitis 细支气管炎5.bronchismus 支气管痉挛6.bronchitis 支气管炎7.bronchoadenitis 支气管淋巴结炎8.bronchodilatation 支气管扩张术9.bronchoedema 支气管水肿10.bronchoesophagoscope 支气管食管镜11.chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎12.COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺13. Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘14. Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌(六)lung ；近义构型词pulmo(no)-,pneumono-1.pulmogram 肺X线照片2.pulmometer 肺量计3.pulmonectomy 肺切除术4.pulmonitis 肺炎5.pulmonohepatic 肺肝的6.pneumonemia 肺充血7.pneumomalacia 肺软化8.pneumochysis 肺水肿9.pneumococci 肺炎球菌10.pneumobacillus 肺炎杆菌munity acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎12.hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎13.nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内肺炎14.Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎15.Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎16.hypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎17.extrinisic allergic alveolitis外源性过敏性肺泡炎18.lung absess肺脓肿19. pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核20lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous['skweiməs] cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌['ædənəu,kɑ:si'nəumə]bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤[mə'tæstəsis]21.interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化[,idiə'pæθik] cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病Sarcoidosis结节病22. pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病pulmonary embolism （PE）肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病['kɔ:,pumə'næli]pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄23.Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[prəutii'nəusis] PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:əsinə'filik]Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿pneumoconiosis 尘肺['nju:mə,kəuni'əusis]drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) 曲菌病ALI Acute lung injury 急性肺损伤ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征24.Pulmonary edema肺水肿emphysematous 肺大泡pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿pyopneumothorax 脓气胸pneumonemia 肺充血25. pleura ；近义构型词pleuro-pleurobronchitis 胸膜支气管炎pleurodesis 胸膜固定术pleurodynia 胸膜痛pleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛pleurography 胸膜腔X线摄影术pleurohepatitis 胸膜肝炎pleuropericarditis 胸膜心包炎pleuroperitoneum 胸腹膜pleurorrhea 胸膜腔渗液pleuroscopy 胸膜腔镜检查pleurotomy 胸膜切开术26.fever发热cough 咳嗽nonproductive cough 干咳dry cough 干咳Sputum痰dry, purulent['pjuərjulənt]脓性的copious['kəupiəs] green sputum大量绿色痰，tenacious[ti'neiʃəs, tə-] yellow sputum 黄粘痰，frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰，rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezing喘息Dyspnea during exertion[iɡ'zə:ʃən] or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea[ɔ:'θɔpniə] 端坐呼吸Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath （SOB）气短Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感exercise intolerance运动障碍hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise [mæ'leiz]不舒服myalgia[mai'ældʒiə] 肌痛insomnia [in'sɔmniə] 失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia [dis'fəuniə]发声困难27.clubbed fingers杵状指:cyanosis [,saiə'nəusis]发绀:deoxyhemoglobin [di:,ɔksi'heməu,ɡləubin]去氧血红蛋白peripheral [pə'rifərəl]外围的,次要的hand flap:扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicula lymph nodes锁骨上的淋巴结增大axillary [æk'siləri] lymph nodes腋窝淋巴结respiratory rate呼吸频率tachycardia 心动过速kyphosis [kai'fəusis] 驼背，脊柱后凸Inspection:视诊tachypnea [,tækip'ni:ə] 呼吸急促sternocleidomastoid['stə:nəu,klaidə'mæstɔid] muscle 胸锁乳突肌wide or narrow intercostal[,intə'kɔstəl] space肋间隙tactile vocal fremitus 触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:叩诊resonance清音dullness浊音flatness实音hyperresonance过清音tympany/timp2ni/鼓音scapular['skæpjulə]肩胛的range of mobility[məu'biləti]移动度Auscultation[,ɔ:skəl'teiʃən]:听诊vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridor['straidə] 喘鸣,crackles['krækl]发出细碎的爆裂声,Velcro-like soundesmoist rales :湿罗音(coarse粗的, medium中等的, fine细的, crepitus 捻发音）pleural friction rubs胸膜摩擦音complete absence of breath sounds呼吸音完全消失ankle edema踝水肿weight loss体重减轻cachexia[kə'keksiə]恶病质，cachectic[kə'kektik]恶病质的decreased food appetite=loss of appetite= anorexia[,ænə'reksiə]食欲减退28.常做的检查examinations or laboratory findingstemperature charts 体温图(take one’s body temperature) sputum pot 痰盂blood/urine/stool routine血/尿/大便常规occult['ɔkʌlt/ blood test潜隐血试验blood biochemistry血生化sputum /blood culture痰/血培养drug sensitivity test药敏试验sputum cytology[sai'tɔlədʒi]痰细胞学pulse oximeter[ɔk'simitə] 脉氧计arterial blood gas analysis(ABG): 动脉血气分析artery puncture动脉穿刺hypercarbiahypoxemia[,haipɔk'si:miə]血氧不足respiratory failure:呼衰coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔amphoric['æmfərik]空翁音的opacification[əu,pæsifi'keiʃən]浑浊shadowing and air bronchogramf支气管造影segmental atelactasis肺不张pleural effusion胸膜渗出液mediastinal[,mi:diæs'tainəl]纵隔thymoma[θai'məumə]胸腺瘤,teratoma[,terə'təumə]畸胎瘤,TB lymph nodes,lymphoma[lim'fəumə]淋巴瘤aneurysm动脉瘤Chest CT scan( computed tomography)Head MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)PET-CT正电子Abdominal ultrasound['ʌltrəsaund]超声skin prick test 皮肤点刺试验tuberculin skin test 纯蛋白衍生物(of tuberculin) test, PPD test) Pulmonary function test 肺功能检查Spirometry [spai'rɔmitri]呼吸量测定法，肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases:阻塞性肺疾病restrictive lung diseases:限制性肺疾病FEV1: forced expiratory[iks'paiərətəri/ volume in 1 second 1秒率FVC: force vital capacity用力肺活量TLC: total lung capacity肺总量RV: residual volume残气量KCO: transfer factor ( diffusion rate)转移吸数PEFR: peak expiratory flow rate最大呼气流速flow-volume loop呼吸器流曲线bronchoprovocation/challenge test[,prɔvə'keiʃən] 支气管激发试验：histamine['histəmmin] 组胺methacholine乙酰甲胆碱bronchodilatation[,dailə'teiʃən]支气管舒张试验:salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sæl'bju:təmɔ(:)l]fiberoptic bronchoscopy[brɔŋ'kɔskəpi]纤支镜检查biopsy['bai,ɔpsi]活组织检查bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)肺泡灌洗液protected specimen brushtransthoracic[,trænsθə'ræsik,]经胸廓的percutaneous needle aspiration[,æspə'reiʃən]吸引术percutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance ( for peripheral tumours) video-assisted thoracoscopic-guid ed[θɔ'rækəskəup] 胸腔镜lung biopsy open lung biopsy开肺活检pleural biopsy胸膜活检biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes增大淋巴结活检D-Dimers D-二聚体electrocardiogram (ECG) 心电图echocardiogram 超声心动图V/Q ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)通气/血流比例Magnetic Resonance Angiography[,ændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]磁共振血管造影术pulmonary angiography肺血管造影术Doppler['dɔplə] 多普勒USS thigh[θai]大腿pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆(USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitor心脏监护示波器PSG( polysommography)多导睡眠监测29.incidence rate 发病率prevalence rate 患病率mortality rate 死亡率birth rate 出生率survival rate 生存率case fatality rate 某病病死率。
医学英语内科学词汇
1.呼吸系统鼻 nose鼻腔 nasal cavity鼻旁窦para nasal sinus喉 larynx主支气管bronchi肺 lung胸膜 pleura胸廓chest cast纵隔 mediastinum气管trachea环状软骨 cricoid cartilage甲状软骨 thyroid cartilage严重急性呼吸器官综合症Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS 急性上呼吸道感染acute upper respiratory tract infection普通感冒common cold流行性感冒 influenza慢性支气管炎chronic bronchitis慢性喘息性支气管炎chronic asthmatic bronchitis代偿性肺气肿 compensatory emphysema慢性阻塞性肺疾病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD 阻塞性肺气肿obstructive pulmonary emphysema气肿型pink puffer紫肿型blue bloater肺大疱 pulmonary bullae大疱性肺气肿 bullous emphysem a慢性肺源型心脏病chronic pulmonary heart disease肺性脑病 pulmonary encephalopathy纵隔气肿mediastinal emphysema戒烟 smoking cessation过敏性肉芽肿 allergic granulmatosis速尿furosemide肺动脉栓塞 pulmonary embolism肺栓塞pulmonale embolism支气管哮喘 bronchial asthma气道高反应性airway hyper responsiveness运动性哮喘 exercise-induced asthma气道重塑 airway remodeling咳嗽变异性哮喘 cough variant asthma支气管激发试验 bronchial provocation test沙丁胺醇 salbutamol特布他林 terbutaline沙美特罗 salmeterol布地奈德 budesonide哮喘持续状态 status asthmaticus全球性哮喘防治建议Global Initiative for Asthma， GINA支气管扩张症 bronchi ectasis巨大气管—支气管trache o bronch o megaly异物foreign body肺容积 basal lung volume基础肺容量 basal lung capacity潮气容积tidal volume, TV补呼吸容积 expiratory reserve volume,ERV深吸气量 inspiratory capacity,IC肺活量 vital capacity,VC功能残气量 functional residual capacity肺总量total lung capacity,TLC残气容积 residual volume,RV每分钟静息通气量 minute ventilation,MV最大通气量maximal voluntary ventilation,MVV用力肺活量 forced vital capacity,FVC第1秒用力呼气量forced expiratory volume in 1 second，FEV1最大呼气中段流量 maximal mid-expiratory flow curve,MMEF肺泡通气量 alveolar ventilation生理无效腔 dead space ventilation最大呼气中段时间maximal mid-expiratory time最大呼气流量 peak expiratory flow,PEF通气/血流比值 ventilation/perfusion ratio弥散量 diffusing capacity闭合容积 closing volume最大呼气流量-容积曲线 maximum expiratory flow-volume curve,MEFV 静态肺顺应性static lung compliance动态肺顺应性dynamic lung compliance实际碳酸氢actual bicarbonate，AB标准碳酸氢standard bicarbonate,SB缓冲碱 buffer bases剩余碱 bases excess血浆CO2含量 total plasma CO2 contentCO2结合力carbon dioxide combining power, CO2-CP阴离子间隙anion gap,AG高碳酸血症后碱中毒posthypercapnic alkalosis支气管灌洗 bronchial lavage（BL）支气管肺泡灌洗 bronchial-alveolar lavage（BAL）呼吸衰竭respiratory failure氧气 oxygen低氧血症hypoxemia高碳酸血症 hypercapnia高通气综合征 hyperventilation syndrome急性低氧性呼吸衰竭 acute hypoxemic respiratory failure肺泡低通气综合征 alveolar hypoventilation syndrome急性呼吸窘迫综合症acute respiratory distress syndrome ，ARDS急性肺损伤acute lung injury ，ALI限制性通气不足 restrictive hypoventilation阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 obstructive sleep apnea syndrome，OSA肺动脉高压 pulmonary arterial hypertension呼气延长 expiratory retard气管内插管术endotracheal intubationtracheal cannula（套管、插管）tracheal intubation撤离机械通气 wean from machine ventilation允许性高碳酸血症 permissive hypercapnia保护性肺通气策略 lung protective ventilation strategy无创正压通气 non-invasive positive pressure ventilation，NIPPV双气道正压 biphasic positive airway pressure，Bi-PAP控制通气contral mechanical ventilation，CMV辅助通气 assist mechanical ventilation，AMV同步、间歇强制通气 synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation，SIMV 呼气末正压positive end expiratory pressure，PEEP反比通气 inverse ratio ventilation，IRV肺炎pneumonia吸入性肺炎inhalation pneumonia大叶性肺炎lobar pneumonia小叶性肺炎 lobular pneumonia社区获得性肺炎 community acquired pneumonia ，CAP医院获得性肺炎 hospital acquried pneumonia ，HAP呼吸机相关性肺炎 ventilator associated pneumonia ，VAP肺炎球菌肺炎pneumococcal pneumonia肺炎链球菌肺炎streptococcus pneumonia葡萄球菌肺炎staphylococcus pneumonia克雷白杆菌肺炎Klebsiellar pneumonia军团菌肺炎Legionella pneumonia支原体肺炎mycoplasmal pneumonia衣原体肺炎 chlamydia pneumonia念珠菌病candidiasis肺脓肿lung abscess肺曲菌病pulmonary aspergillosis变应性支气管肺曲病 allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis厌氧菌anaerobe胸膜粘连 pleural adhesion胸膜增厚 pleural thickening正电子发射体层成像 positron emission tomography，PET脓胸 pyothorax， empyema艾滋病 acquired immune deficiency syndrome ，AIDS肺结核 pulmonary tuberculosis咯血hemoptysis原发型肺结核 primary tuberculosis原发综合征primary complex血行播散型肺结核 hematogenous pulmonary tuberculosis慢性血行播散型肺结核 chronic disseminated tuberculosis浸润型肺结核 infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis慢性纤维空洞型肺结核chronic fibro-cavitative pulmonary tuberculosis 急性粟粒性肺结核acute miliary pulmonary tuberculosis干酪样坏死 caseous necrosis结素的纯蛋白衍生物Purified Protein Derivative ，PPD旧结素old tuberculin OT异烟肼isoniazid利福平rifampin链霉素streptomycin吡嗪酰胺 pyrazinamide对氨基水杨酸钠sodium para-aminosalicylate间质性肺疾病interstitial lung disease ILD特发性肺纤维化idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPF肺泡蛋白质沉积症pulmonary alveolar proteinosis PAP特发性肺含铁血黄素沉积症idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis外源性变应性肺泡炎extrinsic allergic alveolitis矽肺silicosis结节病 sarcoidosis尘肺 pneumoconiosis原发性支气管肺癌 primary bronchogenic carcinoma错构瘤 hamartoma肺癌lung cancer自发性气胸 spontaneous pneumothorax闭合性气胸closed pneumothorax开放性气胸open pneumothorax张力性气胸tension pneumothorax液气胸hydropneumothorax胸腔积液 pleumonia ，pleural effusion包裹性积液 interlobular effusion肺不张 atelectasis阻塞性肺不张 obstructive atelectasis钙化calcification渗出性病变exudation空洞cavity纵隔 mediastinum纵隔肿瘤mediastinal tumor磁共振显像 magnetic resonance imaging， MRI2．循环系统动脉 artery静脉 vein毛细血管 capillary体循环 great circulation肺循环 lesser circulation ( pulmonary circulation) 心底 cardiac base心尖 cardiac apex右心房 right atrium右心室 right ventricle左心房 left atrium左心室 left ventricle心内膜 endocardium心外膜epicardium心肌层 myocardium房间隔 interatrial septum室间隔 interventricular septum心传导系统 conduction system of the heart窦房结 sinoatrial node房室结 atrioventricular node房室束 atrioventricular bundle心包 pericardium动脉 artery静脉 vein脾spleen超声心动 ultrasound cardiogram心力衰竭heart failure充血性心力衰竭congestive heart failure难治性心力衰竭intractable heart failure心功能障碍 cardiac dysfunction收缩功能不全性心力衰竭 Systolic insufficiency heart failure 舒张功能不全性心力衰竭 Diastolic insufficiency heart failure 左室射血分数 left ventricular ejection fractor ，LVEF心室重塑 remodeling心钠素 atrial natriuretic factor，ANF脑钠素 brain natriuretic peptide，BNP血管加压素(抗利尿激素) vasopressin缓激肽bradykinin硝酸甘油nitroglycerin乌拉地尔urapidil氨力农amrinone硝普钠 sodium nitroprusside节律 rhythm心律失常cardiac arrhythmia触发活动 triggered activity后除极Afterdepolarization心室晚电位 late ventricular potential窦房结恢复时间sinus node recovery time， SNRT窦房传导时间 sinoatrial conduction time ，SACT窦性心动过缓 sinus bradycardia窦性停搏 sinus pause or sinus arrest窦性阻滞 sinoatrial block病态窦房结综合征 sick sinus syndrome固有心率 intrinsic heart rate外源性的…… extrinsic房性早搏 atrial premature beats房性心动过速 atrial tachycardia自律性房性心动过速autematic atrial tachycardia折返性房性心动过速reentrant atrial tachycardia混乱性房性心动过速chaotic atrial tachycardia多源性房性心动过速multifocal atrial tachycardia心房扑动 atrial flutter心房颤动 atrial fibrillation房室交界性过早搏动 premature atrioventricular junctional beats 房室交界性逸搏 AV junctional escape beats房室交界性心律 AV junctional rhythm非阵发性房室交界性心动过速nonparoxysmal atrioventricular junction tachycardia阵发性室上性心动过速paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia， PSVT房室结折返性心动过速 AV nodal reentrant tachycardia预激综合征 preexcitation syndrome房室旁路通道 accessory atrioventricular pathways房—希斯束 atriohisian tracts结室纤维 nondoventricular fibers分支室纤维 fasciculoventricular fibers室性期前收缩,室性早搏premature ventricualr contraction室性早搏 premature ventricular beats室性并行心律 ventricular parasystole室性心动过速 ventricular tachycardia加速性室性自主节律 accelerated idioventricular rhythm尖端扭转型室性心动过速 torsades de pointes心室扑动ventricular flutter心室颤动 ventricular fibrillation房室传导阻滞atrio ventricular block室内传导阻滞intra ventricular block右束支传导阻滞 right bundle branch block左前(后)分支阻滞left anterior(posterior) fascicular block双分支阻滞和三分支阻滞 bifascicular block and trifascicular block心脏性猝死 sudden cardiac death心源性休克cardiogenic shock过敏性休克anaphylactic shock心脏骤停Cardiac arrest无脉性电活动Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)电机械分离 electromechanical dissociation捶击复律 thumpversion胸按压 chest compression心肺复苏 cardiopulmonary resuscitation，CPR人工心脏起搏 artificial cardiac pacing起搏器 pacemaker埋藏式心内复律除颤器implantable cardioverter defibrillator心脏电复律 cardioversion心脏电除颤 defibrillation血管重建Revascularization埋藏式自动心脏复律除颤器automatic implantable cardioverter and defibrillator（AICD）心血管病介入治疗interventional therapy for cardiovascular diseases经皮穿刺腔内冠状动脉成形术percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty， PTCA经皮穿刺球囊肺动脉瓣成形术percutaneous balloon pulmonic valvuloplasty PBPV经皮穿刺球囊二尖瓣交界分离术percutaneous balloon mitral valve commissurotomy PBMV冠状动脉旁路移植术coronary arteria bypass grafting心导管消蚀 catheter ablation先天性心血管病congenital cardiovascular disease肺动脉狭窄Pulmonic stenosis单纯肺动脉口狭窄Isolated pulmonic stenosis主动脉缩窄Coarctation of the aorta单纯肺动脉扩张Idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery原发性肺动脉高压Primary pulmonary hypertension双侧上腔静脉（左上腔静脉残存）Persistent left superior vena cava 孤立性右位心Isolated dextrocardia房间隔缺损Atrial septal defect部分性肺静脉畸形引流Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage 室间隔缺损Ventricular septal defect (VSD)艾森门格综合征Eisenmenger’s syndrome动脉导管未闭Patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)法洛四联症Tetralogy of Fallot法洛三联症Trilogy of Fallot完全性大血管错位Complete transposition of the great vessels房间隔缺损Atrial septal defect (ASD)高血压 hypertension原发性高血压 essential hypertension继发性高血压 secondary hypertension高血压急症Hypertensive urgencies高血压危象Hypertensive crisis高血压危症Hypertensive emergencies白大衣性高血压“White coat” hypertension单纯收缩期高血压Isolated systolic hypertension小动脉硬化Arteriolosclerosis体重指数 body mass index BMI动态血压监测ambulatory blood pressure monitoringVasodilator 血管扩张剂phlebectasis 静脉扩张arteriectasis 动脉扩张Diuretic 利尿剂thiazide diuretic 噻嗪类利尿剂loop diuretic 袢利尿剂；potassium-sparing diuretics 保钾利尿剂inotropic agent 正性肌力药digitalis preparation 洋地黄制剂；adrenergic receptor stimulant 肾上腺素能受体兴奋剂；phosphodiesterase inhibitor 磷酸二酯酶抑制剂Bradykinin 缓激肽血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor;ACEI血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂Angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker，ARB钙通道阻滞剂 calcium channel blocker，CCBα-受体阻滞剂 alpha receptor blockerβ-肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂 beta adrenergic receptor blocker（beta blockers）醛固酮拮抗剂Aldosterone antagonist利尿剂 diuretics呋噻米 Furosemide氢氯噻嗪 hydrochlorothiazide地高辛Digoxin西地兰(去乙酰毛花苷C) Lanatoside C硝酸甘油 nitroglycerin硝酸异山梨醇酯 Isosorbide Dinitrate阿替洛尔 Atenolol美托洛尔 metoprolol硝苯地平 Nifedipin维拉帕米 Verapamil地尔硫卓 Diltiazem尼群地平 Nitrendipine卡托普利 captopril依那普利 Enalapril利多卡因lidocaine普罗帕酮 Propafenone胺碘酮Amiodarone动脉粥样硬化 ather o sclerosis动脉硬化 arteriosclerosis粥样斑快 atheromatous plaque高脂血症 hyperlipidemia高密度脂蛋白 high density lipoprotein ,HDL低密度脂蛋白 low density lipoprotein ,LDL冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease急性冠状动脉功能不全acute coronary insufficiency缺血性心脏病 ischemic heart disease心绞痛angina pectoris稳定型心绞痛 stable angina pectoris不稳定心绞痛 instable angina pectoris初发型心绞痛 recent onset angina pectoris恶化型心绞痛 accelerated angina pectoris变异型心绞痛variant angina pectoris (Prinzmetal angina)梗塞后心绞痛 postinfarction angina pectoris卧位型心绞痛 angina decubitus冠状动脉溶栓术coronary artery thrombolysis重组，组织型，纤维蛋白溶酶原，激活剂Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator ，rt-PA心肌梗死 myocardial infarction心内膜下心肌梗死 subendocardial myocardial infarction心肌梗塞后综合征post infarction syndrome心源性休克 cardiogenic shock心肌桥Myocardial bridging乳头肌功能失调或断裂 dysfunction or rupture of papillary muscle 乳头 papil心脏破裂 rupture of the heart栓塞 embolism心脏膨胀瘤 cardiac aneurysm夹层动脉瘤 dissecting aneurysm胸主动脉瘤thoracic aortic aneurysm腹主动脉瘤 abdominal aortic aneurysm，AAA主动脉夹层 aortic dessection室壁瘤 ventricular aneurysm隐匿型冠心病 latent coronary heart disease心脏瓣膜病valvular heart disease主动脉弓综合征Aortic arch syndrome风湿性心脏病Rheumatic heart disease二尖瓣狭窄 mitral (valve) stenosis主动脉瓣狭窄aortic (valve) stenosis三尖瓣狭窄 tricuspid (valve) stenosis肺动脉狭窄 pulmonary stenosis主动脉瓣关闭不全 aortic incompetence三尖瓣关闭不全tricuspid incompetence肺动脉瓣关闭不全pulmonary incompetence多瓣膜病 multivalvular heart disease主动脉反流 aortic regurgitation二尖瓣脱垂 mitral valve prolapse感染性心内膜炎infective endo carditis亚急性感染性心内膜炎 subacute infective endocarditis自体瓣膜心内膜炎 native valve endocarditis人工瓣膜心内膜炎 prothetic valve endo carditis心肌炎myo carditis心包炎peri carditis心肌病 cardio myo pathy扩张型心肌病 dilated cardio myo pathy肥厚型心肌病 hypertrophic cardio myo pathy限制性心肌病restrictive cardio myo pathy地方性心肌病 endemic cardio myo pathy右室心肌病Right ventricular cardiomyopathy致心律失常型右室心肌病Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC) 心内膜心肌纤维化 endo myo cardial fibrosis ,EMF特发性肥厚性主动脉瓣下狭窄idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis IHSS非对称性心室间隔肥厚asymmetric septal hypertrophy ASH心尖部肥厚 apical hypertrophy APH心尖 apex间隔 septum特异性 specific继发性 secondary原发性 primary原因不明，特发性 idiopathic酒精性心脏病alcoholic heart disease围产期心脏病 peripartal heart disease药物性心脏病 Drug-induced heart disease心包炎 peri carditis急性心包炎 acute peri carditis化脓性心包炎Purulent pericarditis结核性心包炎Tuberculous pericarditis缩窄性心包炎constrictive peri carditis梅毒性心血管病syphilitic cardi o vascular diseases闭塞性周围动脉粥样硬化Peripheral arteriosclerosis obliteration多发性大动脉炎Primary arteritis of the aorta and its main branches血栓闭塞性脉管炎Thromboangitis obliterans主动脉夹层Aortic dissection心肌损伤后综合征Postpericardiostomy syndrome晕厥Syncope间歇性跛行 intermittent claudication雷诺综合征 Raynaud syndrome深部静脉血栓形成 deep venous thrombosis血栓性浅静脉炎 superficial thrombophlebitis心血管神经官能症cardi o vascular neurosis血栓性静脉炎 thrombophlebitis血脑屏障blood-brain barrier脑穿通伤 brain penetrating injury脑外伤 brain trauma3.消化系统食管 esophagus胃 stomach十二指肠 duodenum小肠 small intestine空肠jejunum回肠 ileum盲肠 cecum大肠large intestine阑尾 vermiform appendix横结肠 transverse colon升结肠 ascending colon降结肠 descending colon乙状结肠 sigmoid colon 直肠 rectum肝 liver 胆囊 gall bladder胆总管 common bile duct 胰 pancreas腹膜 peritoneum 系膜 mesentery韧带 ligament小网膜 lesser omentum大网膜 greater omentum胃食管反流病 gastr o esophageal reflex disease , GERD 反流性食管炎 regurgitant esophagitis食管裂孔疝 hiatus hernia食管下括约肌 lower esophageal sphincter LES一过性LES松弛transit lower esophageal spincter relaxation TLESR 食管狭窄 stenosis of esophagus贲门失弛缓 cardiac achalasia食管扩张 dilatation of esophagus憩室 diverticulum充盈缺损 filling defect反流性食管炎 regurgitant esophagitis食管粘膜白斑 leukoplakia esophagi容量清除 volume clearanceH2- 受体拮抗剂 H2 receptor antagonist丁溴东莨菪碱 buscopan质子泵抑制剂 proton pump inhibitor ,PPI食管癌 carcinoma of esophagus胃炎 gastritis急性胃炎 acute gastritis急性腐蚀性胃炎 acute corrosive gastritis急性糜烂出血性胃炎 acute erosive and hemorrhagic gastritis急性化脓性（蜂窝织性）胃炎 acute phlegmonous gastritis慢性胃炎 chronic gastritis慢性浅表性胃炎 chronic superficial gastritis慢性萎缩性胃炎chronic atrophic gastritis非甾体类抗炎药 Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug NSAID肠腺化生 intestinal metapasia不典型增生a typical hyper plasia发育不良 dysplasia消化不良 dyspepsia幽门螺杆菌 helicobacter pylori HP白斑病 vitiligo特殊染色 warthin—starry多潘立酮 domperidone西沙必利 cisapride肥厚性高酸分泌性胃病 hypertropnic hypersecretory gastropathy消化性溃疡 peptic ulcer胃溃疡 gastric ulcer ,GU十二指肠溃疡 duodenal ulcer , DU应激性溃疡 stress ulcer吻合口溃疡 anastomotic stoma ulcer吻合口梗阻 anastomotic stoma obstruct残胃癌 carcinoma of remnant stomach吻合口瘘 anastomotic stoma fistula十二指肠憩室 duodenal diverticulum胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔acute perforation of gastroduodenal ulcers 胃泌素瘤 gastrinoma奥美拉唑 omeprazole胃癌 gastric cancer早期胃癌 early gastric carcinoma进展期胃癌 advanced gastric carcinoma皮革状胃 linitis plastica肠结核 intestinal tuberculosis跳跃征象 stierlin sign肠梗阻 intestinal obstruction麻痹性肠梗阻 paralytic ileus痉挛性肠梗阻 spastic ileus绞窄型小肠梗阻 strangulated intestinal obstruction急性肠套叠 acute intussusception肠扭转 intestinal twist肠系膜上动脉压迫综合征superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome 胃肠道穿孔 perforation of gastrointestinal tract炎症性肠病 inflammatory bowel disease ,IBO溃疡性结肠炎 ulcerative colitis全结肠炎 pancolitis先天性巨结肠 congenital megacolon中毒性巨结肠 toxic megacolon息肉 polyp结肠多发息肉病 polyposis coli腺瘤样息肉 adenomatous polyp家族性腺瘤性息肉病 familial adenomatous polyposis,FAP结肠癌 colon carcinoma直肠癌 carcinoma of the rectum 或rectal cancer或pimeloma结、直肠癌 colorectal cancer血清癌胚抗原 serum carcinoembryonic antigen , S-CEA功能性胃肠病functional gastrointestinal disorders，FGD功能性消化不良 functional dys pepsia ,FD肠易激综合征 irritable bowel syndrome ，IBS慢性腹泻 chronic diarrhea渗透性腹泻 osmotic diarrhea分泌性腹泻 secretory diarrhea炎症性腹泻 inflammatory diarrhea功能性便秘 functional constipation脾肿大 splenomegal y胆石症 cholelithiasis胆管炎 cholangitis胆囊炎 cholecystitis急性梗阻化脓性胆管炎acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis，AOSC胆固醇 cholesterol内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography，ERCP磁共振胆道成像magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography，MRCP内镜鼻胆管外引流 endoscopic nasobiliary drainage，ENBD原发性硬化性胆管炎primary sclerosing cholangitis，PSC胆囊癌 gallbladder cancer胆管癌cholangiocarcinoma胆囊息肉样病变polypoid lesions of gallbladder，PLG细胞凋亡 apoptosis自身免疫性肝炎 autoimmune hepatitis AIH肝豆状核变性 hepatolenticular degeneration肝肾综合征 hepatorenal syndrome酒精性肝病 alcoholic liver disease脂肪肝 fatty liver肝纤维化 fibrosis of liver肝硬化 hepatic cirrhosis 或cirrhosis of liver酒精性肝硬变 alcoholic cirrhosis门脉性肝硬变 portal cirrhosis坏死后性肝硬变 postnecrotic cirrhosis胆汁性肝硬变 biliary cirrhosis门静脉高压 portal hypertension腹水 ascites黄疸 jaundice门脉高压性胃病 portal hypertensive gastropathy食管胃静脉曲张 esophageal ang gastric varices经颈静脉肝内门体分流术transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ，TIPS颈静脉的jugular熊去氧胆酸 Ursodeoxycholic acid原发性肝癌 primary carcinoma of the liver肝性脑病hepatic encephal o pathy , HE亚临床（隐性）肝性脑病 Subclinical（latent）hepatic encephal o pathy肝性昏迷 hepatic coma门体分流性脑病 Porto systemic encephal o pathy，PSE扑翼样震颤 flapping tremor / asterixis急性胰腺炎 acute pancreatitis ,AP胆囊炎 cholecystitis胆囊癌 cholangio-carcinoma胰腺癌 pancreatic carcinoma急性出血坏死性胰腺炎 acute hemorrhagic necrosis pancreatitis经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术percutaneous transhepatic cholangeal drainage，PTCD 胰腺癌 carcinoma of the pancreas 或 pancreatic carcinoma腹膜 peritoneum结核性腹膜炎 tuberculous peritonitis自发性细菌性腹膜炎 spontaneous bacterial peritonitis上消化道出血 upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage或upper gastrointestinal bleeding下消化道出血 lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage血管加压素 vasopressin生长抑素 somatostatin腹腔游离气体celiac dissociative gas4 .泌尿系统肾 kidney 输尿管 ureter膀胱 urinary bladder 尿道 urethra系膜 mesentary 毛细血管capillary急性肾小球肾炎 acute glomerul o nephritis急进性肾小球肾炎rapidly progressive glomerul o nephritis , RPGN慢性肾小球肾炎chronic glomerulonephritis隐匿性肾小球肾炎latent glomerul o nephritis肾病综合征 nephrotic syndrome1．轻微病变性肾小球肾炎minimal change glomerulonephriti s 2．局灶性节段性病变focal segmental lesions局灶性节段性肾小球肾炎focal segmental glomerul o nephritis局灶性节段性肾小球硬化focal segmental glomerul o sclerosis，FSGS3．弥漫性肾小球肾炎diffuse glomerulonephritis⑴膜性肾病membranous nephropathy⑵增生性肾炎proliferative glomerulonephritis①系膜增生性肾小球肾炎mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis②毛细血管内增生肾小球肾炎endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis③系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis④新月体肾小球肾炎crescentic glomerulonephritis⑶硬化性肾小球肾炎sclerosing glomerulonephritis4．未分化性肾小球肾炎 unclassified glomerulonephritis薄基底膜肾病thin basement membrane nephropathy坏死性肾小球肾炎necrotizing glomerulonephritis致密沉积物性肾小球肾炎dense deposit glomerulonephritis恶性肿瘤相关性肾小球疾病malignancy-associated glomerular disease无症状性血尿或（和）蛋白尿Asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuriaIgA肾病 IgA nephr o pathy急性间质性肾炎Acute inter stitial nephritis慢性间质肾炎Chronic inter stitial nephritis尿路感染Urinary tract infection远端肾小管酸中毒 diatal renal tubular acidosis近端肾小管酸中毒 proximal renal tubular acidosis范可尼综合征Fanconi syndrome肾动脉狭窄Renal artery stenosis肾血管性高血压Renal vascular（Renovascular）hypertension 缺血性肾脏病ischemic nephr o pathy肾动脉栓塞 Renal artery embolism肾动脉血栓 Renal artery thrombosis肾静脉血栓 Renal vein thrombosis高血压性小动脉性肾硬化症Hypertensive arteriolar nephr o scler o sis良性小动脉性肾硬化症Benign arteriolar nephr o scler o sis恶性小动脉性肾硬化症Malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis肾淀粉样变性病 renal amyloidosis急性肾衰竭 Acute renal failure急性肾小管坏死 acute tubular necrosis，ATN氮质血症 azotemia慢性肾衰竭 Chronic renal failure尿毒症uremia肾小球滤过率glumerular filtration rate，GFR连续性肾替代治疗continuous renal replacement therapy，CRRT血液净化治疗 blood purification血液透析hemodialysis腹膜透析peritoneal dialysis持续不卧床腹膜透析continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis，CAPD血液灌流 hemoperfusion渗透浓度osmolarity渗透压osmotic pressure张力tonicity容量不足volume depletion低血容量血症hypovolemia容量过多 volume excess代谢性酸中毒 metabolic acidosis代谢性碱中毒 metabolic alkalosis呼吸性酸中毒 respiratory acidosis呼吸性碱中毒 respiratory alkalosis混合性酸碱平衡紊乱 mixed acid-base disturbance肾性骨营养不良 renal osteodystrophy骨质疏松症 osteoporosis骨软化 osteomalacia肾性贫血 renal anemia肾盂肾炎 pyelonephritis氧氟沙星 ofloxacin胆石症 cholelithiasis尿石症 urolithiasis肾结石renal calculi输尿管结石ureteral calculi膀胱结石 vesical calculi尿道结石urethral calculi肾盂积水 hydronephrosis肾母细胞瘤 nephroblastoma多囊肾multicystic kidney5.血液系统血液学hematology红细胞erythrocyte白细胞 leukocyte血小板thrombocyte粒细胞granulocyte单核细胞monocyte巨核细胞 megakaryocyte多形核细胞 polymorphonuclear ，PMN淋巴细胞 lymphocyte网织红细胞计数 reticulocyte count电解质electrocyte嗜伊红细胞 eosinophil嗜碱性细胞 basophil嗜中性细胞 neutrophil肝素heparin华法令 coumadin骨髓穿刺/活检marrow aspiration/biopsy造血干细胞hemapoietic stem cell祖细胞progenitor红细胞生成素erythr o poietin，EPO海因小体Heinz bodies无效性红细胞生成 ineffective erythropoiesis遗传性球形细胞增多症 hereditary spher o cyt o sis 再障危象aplastic crisis短小病毒parvovirus蚕豆病favism血红蛋白病hemoglobin o pathy缺铁性贫血 iron deficient anemia巨幼细胞性贫血 megaloblastic anemia海洋性贫血thalassemia大细胞性贫血 macrocytic anemia难治性贫血 refractory anemia自身免疫性溶血性贫血autoimmune hemolytic anemia ,AIHA阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobin uria , PNH全血细胞减少pancytopenia白细胞减少leuk o penia粒细胞减少症granul o cyt o penia粒细胞缺乏症a granulocytosis中性粒细胞减少症neutropenia骨髓增生异常综合征 myel o dysplastic syndrome, MDS白血病leukemia急性白血病acute leukemia急性红白血病acute erythroleukemia急性单核细胞白血病 acute monocytic leukemia急性巨核细胞白血病 acute megakaryoblastic leukemia急性髓细胞白血病 acute myeloid leukemia急性粒-单核细胞白血病acute myelomonocytic leukemia急性早幼粒细胞白血病 acute promyelocytic leukemia类白血病反应leukemoid reaction慢粒白血病chronic granul o cytic leukemia慢淋白血病chronic lymphocytic leukemia淋巴瘤lymph o ma非何杰金淋巴瘤 non-Hodgkin lymphoma ,NHL绿色瘤chloroma单核细胞样B细胞淋巴瘤monocytoid B-cell lymphoma形态学morphology免疫学immunology细胞遗传学cytogenetics粘膜相关性淋巴组织淋巴瘤mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma浆细胞病（浆细胞恶性增生）plasma cell dyscrasia M蛋白monoclonal protein本周蛋白Bence-Jones protein多发性骨髓瘤multiple myel o ma恶性组织细胞增多症 malignant histiocytosis骨髓增生性疾病myeloproliferative disorders真性红细胞增多症polycythemia vera原发性血小板增多症 primary thromb o cythemia传染性单核细胞增多症 infectious mononucleosis噬血细胞综合征 hemophgocytic syndrome原发性骨髓纤维化症primary myel o fibrosis遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasis脾功能亢进 hyper splenism血管性紫癜vascular purpura过敏性紫癜 a llergic purpura单纯性紫癜si mple purpura血小板减少性紫癜thromb o cyto penia purpura特发性血小板减少性紫癜idi o pathic thromb o cyto penia purpura, ITP原发性血小板增多症 primary thrombocythemia血友病hemophilia弥漫性血管内凝血disseminated intra vascular coagulation ,DIC血栓形成 thrombosis血栓栓塞 thromb o embolism自体输血 autologous blood transfusion浓缩红细胞 packed red blood cells新鲜冷冻血浆 fresh frozen plasma 非溶血性发热输血反应febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction ,FNHTR造血干细胞移植hematopoietic stem cell transplantation，HSCT输血相关性移植物抗宿主病transfusion associated graft-versus-host disease6.内分泌及代谢系统下丘脑 hypothalamus垂体 hypophysis松果体 pineal body甲状腺 thyroid gland甲状旁腺 parathyroid glands肾上腺 suprarenal glands胰岛 islets of Pancreas替代治疗replacement therapy补充治疗substitution therapy巨人症gigantism垂体性巨人症 pituitary gigantism肢端肥大症acromegaly生长激素缺乏性侏儒症growth hormone deficiency dwarfism腺垂体功能减退症 hypopituitarism泌乳-闭经综合征 galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome尿崩症 diabetes insipidus肾性尿崩症 nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 抗利尿激素 antidiuretic hormone ,ADH抗利尿激素分泌失调综合征syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion,SIADHS 甲状腺生长免疫球蛋白 thyroid growth immunoglobulin单纯甲状腺肿simple goiter甲状腺功能亢进症hyper thyroidism甲状腺功能减退症hypo thyroidism亚急性甲状腺炎s ubacute thyr o iditis慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎（桥本病）chronic lymph o cytic thyr o iditis桥本甲状腺炎Hashimoto thyr o ditis呆小病，克汀病 cretinism粘液性水肿myxedema库欣综合征Cushing syndrome库欣病Cushing disease醛固酮aldosterone原发性醛固酮增多症primary aldosteron ism肾上腺皮质功能亢进 hyperadrenalism (adrenocortical hyperfuction)慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症chronic ad reno cortical hypofunction铬chrome嗜铬细胞瘤pheo chromo cytoma泌乳素瘤 prolactinoma降钙素 calcitonin甲状旁腺功能亢进症 hyper para thyroidism甲状旁腺功能减退症 hypo para thyroidism 瘤形成neoplasia多发性内分泌腺瘤 multiple endocrine neoplasia ，MEN代谢营养疾病糖尿病 diabetes mellitus ，DM成人晚发自身免疫性糖尿病 latent autoimmune diabetes in adult，LAD青年发病的成年糖尿病 Maturity-onset diabetes mellitus of the young，MODY 妊娠糖尿病Gestational diabetes mellitus高胰岛素血症hyper insulin emia代谢综合征 metabolic syndrome口服葡萄糖耐量试验oral glucose-tolerance test, OGTT糖耐量减低 impaired glucose tolerance抗胰岛细胞胞浆抗体 islet cell cytoplasm antibody抗胰岛B细胞表面抗体 islet B cell surface antibody抗胰岛素抗体insulin antibody糖尿病大血管病变 diabetic macroangiopathy糖尿病微血管病变 diabetic microangiopathy糖尿病肾病diabetic nephropathy糖尿病视网膜病变 diabetic retinopathy糖尿病神经病变 diabetic neuropathy蜜月期 honeymoon period正常糖耐量 normal glucose tolerance空腹血糖异常 impaired fasting tolerance代谢综合征 metabolic syndrome磺脲类 sulfonylureas双胍类 biguanides葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂glucosidas inhibitor噻唑烷二酮类 thiazolidinedione普通胰岛素 regular insulin中性胰岛素 neutral protamine hagedorn鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素 protamine zinc insulin特慢胰岛素 ultralente insulin连续皮下胰岛素输注 continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion胰岛素抵抗 insulin resistance氢氯噻嗪 hydrochlorothiazide恶液质cachexia全胃肠外营养 total parenteral nutrition糖尿病酮症酸中毒diabetic ketoacidosis，DKA高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷hyper o smolar non ketotic diabetic coma酮血症 keton emia酮尿症 keton uria低血糖症 hypo glycemia血脂异常dys lipidemia高脂血症 hyper lipidemia胆固醇 cholesterol高胆固醇血症 hyper cholesterol emia甘油三酯 triglyceride高甘油三酯血症 hyper triglycerid emia 肥胖症obesity水中毒water intoxication钠 sodium 或natrium低钠血症hypo natremia高钠血症hyper natremia钾potassium或postase或 kalium低钾血症hypo kalemia 或kalio penia高钾血症hyper kalemia尿urine高尿酸血症hyper uricemia疏松porosity骨质疏松症oste o porosis痛风gout7.结缔组织病和风湿病Hyperuricemia 高尿酸血症结缔组织病 connective tissue disease淀粉样变性病 amyloidosis风湿性疾病rheumatic diseases类风湿关节炎rheumatoid arthritis血清阴性脊柱关节病ser o negative spondyl o arthr o pathy强直性脊柱炎ankylosing spondylitis系统性红斑狼疮systemic lupus erythematosus血管炎vasculitis超敏性血管炎hypersensitivity angiitis白塞病Behcet disease系统性硬化症systemic sclerosis特发性炎症性肌病idiopathic inflammatory myositis多发性肌炎 polymyositis皮肌炎 dermat o myositis原发性干燥综合征primary Sjogren syndrome。
呼吸内科专业英语
呼吸科英语Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析Anaemia 贫血Alveolar 肺泡的antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis 肺不张Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist B2受体激动剂Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion and auscultation 叩／听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiopsy 活检Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop：bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查CCAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed finger 杵状指dry cough 干咳Cyanosis 紫绀Nonproductive cough 干咳Complication 并发症DDyspnea 呼吸困难Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断EEmphysema 肺气肿pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Acid base equolibrium 酸碱平衡etiology 病因学Emphysematous 肺大泡Expectoration 吐痰Exacerbation 加重Endogenous内生的Exogenous 外生的FInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化GGM+ Gram stain positiveGm- Gram stain negativeHHypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Hemoptysis 咯血Hemorrhage 出血HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology 组织学Hypoxia 缺氧IIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal 气管内的Intravenous 静脉内的NNoninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气OOSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征PPulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音Pneumonia 肺炎Pneumothorax 气胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比Pleura 胸腔积液Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test 激发试验Parenchymal 实质的（insterstial间质的）Plumonary edema 肺水肿Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎2/3Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎RMoist rales 湿罗音Dry rales 干罗音SSaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度Short of breath 气短Syncope 晕厥Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段TTuberculosis 结核病Tachypnea 气促Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查UUpper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染WWheeze 哮鸣音其他facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰release of bronchial spasm 解痉细菌steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌legionella 军团菌mycoplasma 支原体chlamydia 衣原体pneumococcus 肺炎球菌video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided[θɔ'rækəskəup] 胸腔镜lung biopsyopen lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram (ECG)心电图echocardiogram超声心动图V/Q isotope['aisəutəup] 同位素scan ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)spiral螺旋CT/MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography[,ændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]血管造影术) pulmonary angiographyDoppler['dɔplə] 多普勒USS thigh[θai]大腿and pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆(USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitorPSG( polysommography)常见的病名diseasesacute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染common cold 普通感冒influenza 流感[,influ'enzə]pharynigitis 咽炎pharyngalgia[færin'gældʒiə] 咽痛acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎4/14pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (acute exacerbating) AECOPD COPD急性发作bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘allergic rhinitis[rai'naitis]过敏性鼻炎respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous['skweiməs] cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌['ædənəu,kɑ:si'nəumə]bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤[mə'tæstəsis]pulmonary embolism （PE）肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症[,θrɔmbəu'embəlizəm] pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸[,empai'i:mə] pneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸['paiəu,nju:məu'θɔ:ræks]chronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病['sʌpjuərətiv, -reitiv]congenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病[,saiə'nɔtik]cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病['kɔ:,pumə'næli]pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病[en,sefə'lɔpəθi]right heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化[,idiə'pæθik]cryptogenic[,kriptəu'dʒenik] 隐源性的fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupus['lju:pəs]狼疮erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病[,sɑ:kɔi'dəusis]Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[,prəutii'nəusis], PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis ['hi:məu,sidə'rəusis, ,hem-]特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病['ɡrænju,ləumə'təusis]Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:əsinə'filik]Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺['nju:mə,kəuni'əusis]drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis[æ,spə:dʒi'ləusis] 曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) pleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘['fistjulə]oral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮[,kændi'daiəsis]osteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaucoma 青光眼cataract白内障acute lung injury ，ALI 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria 荨麻疹eczema 湿疹hypertension 高血压diabetes 糖尿病be administered, treat sb. with empirical 经验性的, prophylactic[,prɔfi'læktik, ,prəu-]预防性, remedial[ri'mi:diəl]治疗性Expectorant 祛痰药[eks'pektərənt] Mucolytics 粘液溶解剂[,mju:kəu'litik] 常用的药物drugs or agentsbronchodilator支气管扩张剂[,brɔŋkəudai'leitə]B2-agonists['æɡənist]兴奋剂: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sæl'bju:təmɔ(:)l] long-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗muscarinic[,mʌskə'rinik] 毒蕈碱样的antagonists[æn'tæɡənist]对抗剂: ipratropium bromide['brəumaid] 异丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶碱[ə,mi:nəu'fili:n]steroids['stiərɔid]类固醇inhaled: budesonide 布地奈po(per 德，os)., beclomethasone[,bekləu'meθəsəun]倍氯米松，fluticasone氟替卡松systemic: prednisolone['pred'nisələun] 强的松hydrocortisone[,haidrəu'kɔ:tizəun] 氢化可的松iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠leukotriene[,lju:kəu'traiən]白三烯receptor antagonists: montelukast孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants:lobeline6/14nikethamide[ni'keθəmaid, -mid]尼可刹米cardiac tonic 强心剂diuretics 利尿剂[,daijuə'retik] albumin 白蛋白['ælbjumin] antitussive agents 镇咳药[,ænti'tʌsiv]ammonium chloride 氯化铵[ə'məunjəm]铵['klɔ:raid]氯化物ambroxol 氨溴索（mucosolvan 沐舒坦）Pantoloc潘妥洛克常用的治疗措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae['kænjuli:]鼻导管，Venturi[ven'tjuəri]文里氏face-mask nebulizer['nebjulaizə]喷雾器: finer particle size (3 to 20um) allows tracheobronchial deposition metered dose inhaler (MDI)定量雾化吸入器via intubation[,intju:'beiʃən]插管，tracheostomy [,træki'ɔstəmi, ,trei-]气管造口术，tracheotomy[,træki'ɔtəmi, ,trei-]气管切开术)synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步间歇指令通气pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术[,θɔ:rəkəsen'tesis] chest drain/drainage 引流术chemotherapy 化疗radiation therapy 放疗pneumonectomy 肺切除术[,nju:məu'nektəmi]lobectomy of lung，pulmonary lobectomy肺叶切除术[ləu'bektəmi]叶切除术thoracotomy 开胸术，胸廓切开术[,θɔ:rə'kɔtəmi]pleurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurectomy 胸膜切除术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术inferior vena cava filter 下腔静脉过滤器cystic['sistik]囊性的/varicose['værikəus]曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样hemoptysisdeviation :trachea and apex ['eipeks]尖端shift contralaterally对立的旁边CXR: translucency [trænz'lju:sənsi] 半透明+collapse倒塌: visible rim边缘refractory or recurrent周期性的: pleurodesis胸膜固定术, pleurectomy[plu'rektəmi]胸膜切除术, bulla['bulə] 大疱stapling装订or lasering激光常用的化疗药9/14cisplatin 顺铂Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar (盐酸吉西他滨注射剂) paclitaxel; taxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）docetaxel多西他赛（泰素帝）常见的抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesispenicillin skin testamoxicillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin 头孢菌素类cefradine 头孢拉啶cefaclor 头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦ceftriaxone 头孢曲松cefpiramide 头孢吡啶ceftazidime 头孢他定ceftizoxime 头孢唑污carbopenems 碳青霉烯类azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美罗培南imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亚胺培南/西司他丁钠（泰能tienam）Glycopeptides 糖肽类inhibit cell wall assembly vancomycin 万古霉素norvancomycin 去甲万古霉素teicoplanin 替考拉林Macrolides大环内酯类：inhibit protein synthesis roxithromycin 罗红霉素clarithromycin 克拉霉素azithromycin 阿奇霉素erythromycin 红霉素Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷类reno- and ototoxic inhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesis amikacin 阿米卡星（丁胺卡那）gentamicin 庆大霉素streptomycin 链霉素Sulfamido 磺胺类sulfamethoxazole compound (SMZ.CO)Quinolones 喹诺酮类：inhibit DNA gyrasenorfloxacin 诺氟沙星ofloxacin 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin 加替沙星moxifloxacin 莫西沙星ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星Tetracycline 四环素类minocycline 美满霉素Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类metronidazole 甲硝唑tinidazole 替硝唑ornidazole 奥硝唑Antitubercular agents抗结核药rifampicin 利福平rifapentine 利福喷丁isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺ethambutol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin 两性霉素Bfluconazole 氟康唑voriconazole 伏立康唑itraconazole 伊曲康唑Antivirus agentsribavirin 利巴韦林oseltamivir 奥司他韦acyclovir 阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦valaciclovir 伐昔洛韦foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid膦甲酸钠（可耐）lamivudine 拉米夫定entecavir 恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism, microbe 微生物bacterium 细菌lipopolysaccharide （LPS）脂多糖antibiotics 抗生素pyrogen 致热原exotoxin 外毒素endotoxin 内毒素Gram stain 革兰染色Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位antibacterial agents 抗菌药resistance 耐药性ESBLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱B内酰胺酶MRSA：methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症11/14endotoxemia 内毒素血症septicaemia 败血症pyemia 脓毒血症pathogen 致病原pathogenicity 致病性virulence 毒力median lethal dose (LD50) 半数致死量median infective dose (ID50) 半数感染量virus 病毒replication 复制viremia 病毒血症normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiological microbiota 正常微生物群flora disequilibrium 菌群失调dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症opportunistic infection 机会性感染conditioned infection 条件致病性感染endogenous infection 内源性感染exogenous infection 外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibility testing 药物敏感试验minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 最小抑菌浓度minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) 最小杀菌浓度disinfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌asepsis 无菌aseptic technique 无菌技术bacteriostasis 抑菌antisepsis 防腐disinfectant 消毒剂bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂bactericide 杀菌剂autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外线isolation precaution 隔离预防artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫vaccination 疫苗接种killed/inactivated vaccine 死/灭活疫苗attentuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗toxoid 类毒素artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫antitoxin 抗毒素gammaglobulin 丙种球蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌12/14Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Viridans streptococci 草绿色链球菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Legionella 军团杆菌属Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Serratia 沙雷菌属Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌Acinebacter 不动杆菌属Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝杆菌属，抗酸杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌Purified protein derivate, PPD Old tuberculin,OT Atypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Anaerobic bacterial 厌氧性细菌Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridum perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridum difficile 艰难梭菌antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia 耶尔森菌属Brucella 布氏菌属Actinomyces 放线菌属Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体（苍白密螺旋体）Venereal disease reference laboratory (VDRL)Rapid plasma regain (RPR)Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体Chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Viruses associated with respiratory infections 呼吸道病毒Influenza virus 流感病毒Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒13/14Coronavirus 冠状病毒Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS Adenovirus 腺病毒Rubella virus 风疹病毒Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Enterovirus 肠道病毒Rotavirus 轮状病毒hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒Encephalitis B virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热Herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB病毒Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human papillomaviruses, HPV 人乳头状瘤病毒Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDSHuman T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人T淋巴细胞病毒Adult T-cell leukemia 成人T细胞性白血病Rabies virus 风疹病毒Fungus 真菌Yeast 酵母Spore 孢子Hypha 菌丝Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌Trichophyton 毛癣菌属Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属Tinea 癣Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosis 组织胞浆菌病Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌，白色念珠菌Candidiasis 念珠菌病Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP 卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus 曲霉菌Mucor 毛霉菌属。
呼吸系统疾病专业学术翻译必备词汇
呼吸系统疾病专业学术翻译必备词汇编号中文英文使用频度中文查询频度英文查询频度1 急性acute4099103 3142 治疗patients39581630 704 呼吸respiratory3166196 3876 临床patients2680548 707 阻塞性obstructive2672 3 358 感染infection2610428 31610 通气ventilation2207115 44912 性肺pulmonary18620 25014 综合征syndrome176844 28815 组织lung17471750 9416 呼吸道respiratory1706163 38718 细胞cells1651240 11420 肺炎pneumonia1617153 15322 支气管bronchial147263 5023 阻塞性肺疾病obstructive14500 3524 慢性阻塞性肺疾病obstructive144228 3526 支气管哮喘asthma127670 23428 老年patients1128106 7030 纤维化fibrosis111991 10932 衰竭failure108227 46934 下呼吸道respiratory101010 38736 机械通气ventilation98156 44938 栓塞embolism96266 5240 炎症inflammation920258 34642 肺栓塞pulmonary84152 25044 肺动脉pulmonary81822 25046 肺泡alveolar81233 11848 肺纤维化fibrosis76634 10950 肺结核病tuberculosis676 4 24052 呼吸暂停apnea65419 5754 睡眠呼吸暂停syndrome64611 28856 结核tuberculosis637104 24057 例患者patients61710 7058 豚鼠guinea591116 10460 重症severe58756 46962 肺病pulmonary55712 25064 性睡眠sleep5540 8265 积液effusion53759 5266 气道炎症airway53113 7868 结核性tuberculous5159 1270 核性tuberculous5120 1272 胸腔积液effusion49773 5274 哮喘组asthma4918 23476 住院patients482234 7078 重度severe473170 46979 抗体antibody472189 14780 尘肺pneumoconiosis46924 1682 慢性支气管炎bronchitis45958 5284 矽肺silicosis44814 1986 通气治疗ventilation4450 44987 呼吸窘迫respiratory44014 38788 细菌bacterial440724 22690 患者中patients4300 7092 间质interstitial42756 31694 窘迫distress42118 26796 血气blood4078 8498 病理lung405302 94100 肺气肿emphysema40058 74102 常规patients388571 70104 肺结核病人tuberculosis373 3 240106 病情patients364297 70108 细胞因子cytokines355337 452110 衰竭患者failure3450 469112 发病patients344363 70114 胸片chest34365 132116 巨噬细胞macrophages338240 181118 呼吸暂停综合征apnea33124 57120 监测patients3261384 70122 胸膜pleural32236 70124 阴性negative319197 1247126 无创noninvasive31440 186128 获得性acquired30710 178130 型呼吸respiratory2920 387 131 并发patients288141 70 132 急性发作期acute28412 314134 油酸oleic278198 125136 2003年200326451 0138 哮喘模型asthma263 4 234 139 综合征患者syndrome2620 288 140 左氧氟沙星levofloxacin26172 90142 炎性inflammatory25920 528144 呼吸系统respiratory250125 387146 铜绿aeruginosa24911 104148 哮喘发病asthma2450 234150 支气管肺泡灌bronchoalveolar2430 37152 急性肺栓塞pulmonary2380 250 153 例健康healthy2380 89 154 死亡率mortality236362 554156 间质纤维化fibrosis2299 109158 过敏性allergic22737 158160 痰菌阴转sputum2250 56 161 胸膜炎pleurisy22519 14 162 内毒素lung225102 94164 肺泡巨噬细胞macrophages22314 181166 发病机制pathogenesis221293 442168 肺血栓栓塞thromboembolism2180 24170 雾化inhalation216156 240172 缓解期remission21442 147174 哮喘病asthma2120 234176 呼气expiratory21122 8178 病变patients209289 70180 瘦素leptin209101 300182 特发性idiopathic20622 123184 糖皮质激素glucocorticoid199181 109186 亚群subsets19721 105188 自发性spontaneous19633 440190 恶性胸腔pleural1950 70192 肺间质interstitial19220 316194 血栓栓塞症thromboembolism1920 24196 非典型sars18920 88198 肺通气pulmonary188 5 250200 加重期exacerbation1880 66202 急性加重期exacerbation184 6 66204 组肺lung1830 94 205 药物drug179452 174 206 状态patients1791184 70208 总数total177241 417210 哮喘急性asthma1740 234212 插管intubation17372 61 213 低通气hypopnea1730 4 214 尿激酶urokinase17345 31216 表面活性物质surfactant17123 430218 非典型肺炎sars17018 88220 工尘肺pneumoconiosis1690 16222 哮喘豚鼠asthma1680 234224 脂多糖lps16739 104226 性肺炎pneumonia1660 153 227 慢支bronchitis162 4 52 228 急性期acute16243 314230 康复patients160279 70232 轻度mild159192 482234 总ige ige1580 13 235 计数count157193 470 236 夜间nocturnal15655 65238 支气管动脉embolization15522 42240 溶栓thrombolytic15581 38242 涂片sputum15354 56244 老年患者patients15160 70246 血压blood151148 84248 ifn-γil-4148 3 4250 炎症反应inflammatory147101 528252 哮喘病人asthma1440 234254 序贯sequential14318 599256 冠状病毒sars14223 88258 术后patients140272 70260 健康对照healthy1397 89262 真菌fungal136434 287264 沙丁胺醇salbutamol13536 36266 ige水平ige1340 13268 加替沙星gatifloxacin13432 41270 纤维支气管镜bronchoscopy13230 12272 清除率clearance13273 715274 流行病学epidemiological130251 323276 支气管炎患者bronchitis1290 52278 杆菌bacilli12992 42 279 气管插管intubation128105 61 280 出院patients127163 70282 传染性非典型肺炎sars127 3 88284 淋巴细胞亚群lymphocyte12516 155286 氧分oxygen125 3 283 287 恢复patients1251274 70 288 氧分压oxygen12538 283290 分泌cells124379 114292 饱和度patients123148 70294 拮抗剂antagonist12298 368296 衣原体chlamydia12250 56298 呼吸机相关性肺炎pneumonia12127 153300 顺应性compliance12133 1530 301 通气功能ventilation1200 449 302 基础疾病diseases12027 26304 气管内intratracheal119 5 16306 呼吸频率respiratory11830 387308 布地奈德budesonide1179 35 309 igg抗体igg1160 69 310 介入interventional116205 62312 静脉blood115119 84314 分枝杆菌mycobacterium11524 71316 嗜酸性粒细胞eosinophils11436 62318 尘肺患者pneumoconiosis1130 16320 亚胺培南imipenem11330 75322 弥漫性diffuse11226 487324 头孢他啶ceftazidime11134 72326 上皮cells11043 114328 真菌感染fungal11025 287330 肺脏lung10817 94332 细菌性bacterial10712 226334 良性benign106116 236336 例急性acute1060 314338 痰培养sputum10520 56340 生存patients104356 70342 创伤traumatic104128 123344 支气管动脉栓塞bronchial1030 50346 尘肺病pneumoconiosis10213 16348 头孢吡肟cefepime10115 66350 呼吸机相关性ventilator-associated1010 3352 细菌感染bacterial10157 226 353 变应原allergen100 5 106 354 哌拉西林piperacillin10018 52356 核细胞cells990 114358 x线胸片x-ray987 38360 面罩mask9838 860 361 瘦素水平leptin98 5 300 362 栓塞患者embolism970 52364 腺苷adenosine9653 215366 重症肺炎pneumonia9515 153368 道壁airway950 78370 肺灌洗lavage940 52372 支气管内膜endobronchial940 13374 痰标本sputum938 56 375 间质性肺炎interstitial9226 316 376 膈肌diaphragm9127 441378 用力肺活量fvc91 3 10380 患者气道airway910 78382 肺炎克雷伯菌pneumoniae9034 49 383 卵蛋白ovalbumin90 3 96 384 增厚thickening9067 46386 氨溴索ambroxol9013 22388 胸液effusion890 52390 例老年elderly890 55392 穿刺biopsy88118 200394 创伤性traumatic87 5 123396 机相关ventilator-associated860 3398 肺动脉压pulmonary86 4 250400 阳性细胞cells8530 114402 哮喘发病机制asthma850 234404 肺泡炎alveolitis84 5 5406 葡萄球菌staphylococcus84128 148408 重构remodeling83264 99410 巴坦tazobactam820 26412 肺组织病理lung800 94414 舒巴坦sulbactam8020 31416 性细胞cells79 4 114418 最大maximal79874 136420 痰涂片smear799 290422 就诊patients78166 70424 结节病sarcoidosis779 80426 病理改变pathological7760 198 427 吸烟者smokers779 0 428 嗜酸eosinophils769 62430 血清瘦素水平leptin75 3 300432 随机对照randomized7521 106434 血白细胞blood748 84 435 嗜麦芽maltophilia740 13 436 x线表现x-ray74 3 38438 麦芽maltophilia7454 13440 莫西沙moxifloxacin740 41442 咯血患者hemoptysis740 35444 莫西沙星moxifloxacin7312 41446 支镜bronchoscopy730 12448 白三烯leukotriene7218 98 449 致病菌bacteria72212 349 450 医院内nosocomial720 61452 纵隔mediastinal7150 48454 失败failure71446 469456 温石棉chrysotile70 3 10 457 病因causes70343 61 458 上清液supernatant70623 899460 栓塞治疗embolization697 42462 名健康healthy690 89464 重型severe6959 469466 康复期patients689 70468 卡氏pneumocystis680 27470 肺部真菌fungal680 287472 病理学pathological67157 198474 嗜酸粒细胞eosinophils6713 62476 膈疝hernia66 4 34478 细胞数cells6631 114480 结核菌tuberculosis6521 240编号中文英文使用频度中文查询频度英文查询频度481 喘息asthmatic6528 28482 依从compliance658 1530 483 免疫治疗immunotherapy6531 22484 功能衰竭failure658 469486 单核细胞monocyte64167 117488 山莨菪碱anisodamine6411 10490 反应性responsiveness6469 160 491 肺炎组pneumonia630 153 492 红细胞blood62245 84494 纤维支气管镜检查bronchoscopy62 4 12496 血清总ige ige610 13498 冠心病disease61543 138500 阴影shadow6182 144502 蛋白沉积proteinosis60 4 2504 救治patients6041 70506 细胞和cells600 114508 结核抗体tuberculosis607 240510 疫苗vaccine60241 201512 健康者healthy598 89514 感染者infection5943 316516 吸入治疗inhalation580 240518 病原体pathogens58132 265520 感染组infection58 5 316522 变应性哮喘asthma570 234524 杯状细胞goblet5714 37526 炎症介质inflammatory5757 528528 哮喘急性发作期asthma560 234530 哮喘治疗asthma560 234532 性假瘤inflammatory560 528534 吸烟组smoking550 32536 地塞米松组dexamethasone55 3 153 537 第二second55412 163 538 纤维化程度fibrosis550 109540 尿激酶治疗urokinase540 31542 金属蛋白酶metalloproteinas5321 0544 弹性蛋白酶elastase538 56546 依从性compliance5383 1530548 凝血酶thrombin5251 146550 抗菌药物antibiotics52122 247552 沙美特罗salmeterol52 5 20554 糖皮质激素治疗glucocorticoid520 109556 气管切开tracheotomy5148 12558 人工artificial51573 310560 患者痰sputum510 56562 为sars sars510 88564 革兰阳性gram-positive50 4 46566 中度哮喘asthma500 234568 哮喘发作期asthma500 234570 细胞内cells5083 114572 全血blood5030 84 573 发作期哮喘asthma490 234 574 阿米卡amikacin490 51576 功能不全patients4912 70578 前胶原procollagen48 3 22580 咳痰expectoration4846 16 编号中文英文使用频率中文查询度英文查询度582 支气管哮喘发作asthma480 234583 羟脯氨酸hydroxyproline4826 62584 特异性igg igg480 69586 慢性炎症inflammation4719 346588 糖皮质激素受体glucocortico478 109590 黏液mucus4718 117592 重度哮喘asthma470 234594 ards模型ards460 25596 克雷伯杆菌klebsiella46 6 64 597 肺顺应性compliance46 3 1530 598 减低patients4636 70600 血液中blood46 5 84602 肺移植lung468 94604 受体激动剂agonist4516 403 605 肺泡上皮alveolar450 118 606 重建remodeling45184 99608 血清il-8il-8450 7610 肺孢子虫pneumocystis450 27611 抗凝anticoagulation4586 49612 罗红霉素roxithromyci4579 61614 卡介苗bcg4552 29616 胸部x x450 74 617 病例组patients4522 70 618 血清ige ige440 13619 母牛分枝杆菌mycobacterium440 71620 分辨率hrct441167 5621患者年龄patients44 5 70 622 疑似suspected4474 99624 支扩bronchiectasis440 28625 形态lung441281 94 626 气雾剂aerosol4462 299628 纤溶fibrinolysis4427 43630 性疾病disease44 3 138632 调节性regulatory4312 806 633 军团菌legionella4337 46 634 特异性抗体antibody4319 147636 控制通气ventilation430 449638 序贯疗法sequential4311 599640 不明unknown4235 41 641 合胞syncytial420 52 642 脓胸empyema4214 21644 肺匀浆lung420 94646 盐酸氨溴索ambroxol4212 22648 lps刺激lps420 104 649 心衰failure4259 469 650 头孢呋辛cefuroxime4224 55652 矽肺病silicosis42 4 19654 支气管肺lung410 94656 特布他林terbutaline4110 30658 转阴negative4113 1247659 地塞米松治疗dexamethasone410 153660 型前胶原procollagen410 22662 支气管镜bronchoscope4120 2664 球菌cocci4144 45666 渗出性exudative417 19668 衣原体感染chlamydia41 4 56670 炎症性inflammatory4013 528672 孢子虫carinii4010 10674 复张recruitment400 539676 疫情tuberculosis3996 240678 复查patients39190 70680 氏肺孢子虫carinii390 10682 转归outcome3985 864684 单克隆antibody3938 147686 hrct表现hrct390 5688 粒细胞cells3828 114 689 志愿者healthy38320 89 690 进行性progressive3835 468692 吸入性inhalation38 4 240694 动脉栓塞术embolization380 42。
呼吸内科专业英语
呼吸内科专业英语第一篇：呼吸内科专业英语呼吸科英语 Bronch ial asthma 支气管哮喘 acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析 Anaemia 贫血 Alveolar 肺泡的 antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis 肺不张 Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist B2受体激动剂Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion and auscultation 叩／听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素B Biopsy 活检Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗 Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop： bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneunomia 闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查C CAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed finger 杵状指 dry cough 干咳 Cyanosis 紫绀Nonproductive cough 干咳 Complication 并发症 D Dyspnea 呼吸困难Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断 Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断E Emphysema 肺气肿pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞 Acid base equolibrium 酸碱平衡etiology 病因学Emphysematous 肺大泡 Expectoration 吐痰 Exacerbation 加重Endogenous内生的Exogenous 外生的 F Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化G GM+ Gram stain positive Gm-Gram stain negative H Hypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Hemoptysis 咯血 Hemorrhage 出血HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology 组织学 Hypoxia 缺氧 I Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal 气管内的Intravenous 静脉内的N Noninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气O OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征P Pulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音 Pneumonia 肺炎 Pneumothorax 气胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比 Pleura 胸腔积液Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test 激发试验 Parenchymal 实质的（insterstial间质的）Plumonary edema 肺水肿Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎2/3 Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎 R Moist rales 湿罗音 Dry rales 干罗音 S SaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度 Short of breath 气短 Syncope 晕厥Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段T Tuberculosis 结核病Tachypnea 气促 Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检 Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查U Upper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染W Wheeze 哮鸣音其他facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰release of bronchial spasm 解痉细菌steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌 legionella 军团菌 mycoplasma 支原体 chlamydia 衣原体pneumococcus 肺炎球菌video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided[θɔ'rækəskəup] 胸腔镜lung biopsy open lung biopsy pleural biopsy biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes D-Dimers electrocardiogram(ECG)心电图echocardiogram超声心动图V/Q isotope['aisəutəup] 同位素scan(ventilation/perfusion scanning)spiral螺旋CT/MRA(Magnetic Resonance Angiography[,ændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]血管造影术)pulmonary angiography Doppler['dɔplə] 多普勒USS thigh[θai]大腿 and pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆(USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitor PSG(polysommography)常见的病名diseases acute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染 common cold 普通感冒influenza 流感[,influ'enzə] pharynigitis 咽炎pharyngalgi a[færin'gældʒiə] 咽痛 acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎 4/14 pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia(CAP)社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia(HAP)医院获得性肺炎nosocomical pneumonia(NP)医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎 pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(acute exacerbating)AECOPD COPD急性发作 bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘 allergic rhinitis[rai'naitis]过敏性鼻炎 respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病 lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous['skweiməs] cell carcinoma 鳞癌 adenocarcinoma 腺癌['ædənəu,kɑ:si'nəumə]bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma（SCLC）小细胞肺癌 pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤[mə'tæstəsis] pulmonary embolism（PE）肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE)肺血栓栓塞症[,θrɔmbəu'embəlizəm] pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸[,empai'i:mə] pneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸['paiəu,nju:məu'θɔ:ræks] chronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病['sʌpjuərətiv,-reitiv] congenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病[,saiə'nɔtik] cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病['kɔ:,pumə'næli] pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病[en,sefə'lɔpəθi] right heart failure;right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化[,idiə'pæθik] cryptogenic[,kriptəu'dʒenik] 隐源性的 fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎 connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupus['lju:pəs]狼疮erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病[,sɑ:kɔi'dəusis]Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[,prəutii'nəusis], PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis ['hi:məu,sidə'rəusis, ,hem-]特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病['ɡrænju,ləumə'təusis] Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:əsinə'filik] Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症X Wegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺['nju:mə,kəuni'əusis] drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis[æ,spə:dʒi'ləusis] 曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis(ABPA)pleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘['fistjulə] oral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮[,kændi'daiəsis] osteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变 glaucoma 青光眼 cataract白内障acute lung injury，ALI 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria 荨麻疹 eczema 湿疹 hypertension 高血压 diabetes 糖尿病be administered, treat sb.with empirical 经验性的, prophylactic[,prɔfi'læktik, ,prəu-]预防性, remedial[ri'mi:diəl]治疗性Expectorant 祛痰药[eks'pektərənt] Mucolytics 粘液溶解剂[,mju:kəu'litik] 常用的药物 drugs or agents bronchodilator支气管扩张剂[,brɔŋkəudai'leitə] B2-agonists['æɡənist]兴奋剂: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sæl'bju:təmɔ(:)l] long-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗muscarinic[,mʌskə'rinik] 毒蕈碱样的antagonists[æn'tæɡənist]对抗剂: ipratropium bromide['brəumaid] 异丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶碱[ə,mi:nəu'fili:n] steroids['stiərɔid]类固醇inhaled: budesonide 布地奈po(per 德，os)., beclomethasone[,bekləu'meθəsəun]倍氯米松，fluticasone氟替卡松systemic: prednisolone['pred'nisələun] 强的松hydrocortisone[,haidrəu'kɔ:tizəun] 氢化可的松iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠leukotriene[,lju:kəu'traiən]白三烯receptor antagonists: montelukast孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants: lobeline 6/14 nikethamide[ni'keθəmaid,-mid]尼可刹米cardiac tonic 强心剂 diuretics 利尿剂[,daijuə'retik] albumin 白蛋白['ælbjumin] antitussive agents 镇咳药[,ænti'tʌsiv] ammoniumchloride 氯化铵[ə'məunjəm]铵['klɔ:raid]氯化物ambroxol 氨溴索（mucosolvan 沐舒坦）Pantoloc潘妥洛克常用的治疗措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae['kænjuli:]鼻导管，Venturi[ven'tjuəri]文里氏face-mask nebulizer['nebjulaizə]喷雾器: finer particle size(3 to 20um)allows tracheobronchial deposition metered dose inhaler(MDI)定量雾化吸入器via intubation[,intju:'beiʃən]插管，tracheostomy [,træki'ɔstəmi, ,trei-]气管造口术，tracheotomy[,træki'ɔtəmi, ,trei-]气管切开术)synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步间歇指令通气 pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术[,θɔ:rəkəsen'tesis] chest drain/drainage 引流术 chemotherapy 化疗 radiation therapy 放疗pneumonectomy 肺切除术[,nju:məu'nektəmi] lobectomy of lung，pulmonary lobectomy肺叶切除术[ləu'bektəmi]叶切除术thoracotomy 开胸术，胸廓切开术[,θɔ:rə'kɔtəmi] pleurodesis胸膜剥脱术 pleurectomy 胸膜切除术 pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术inferior vena cava filter 下腔静脉过滤器cystic['sistik]囊性的/varicose['værikəus]曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样 hemoptysisdeviation :trachea and apex ['eipeks]尖端 shift contralaterally 对立的旁边CXR: translucency [trænz'lju:sənsi] 半透明+collapse倒塌: visible rim边缘refractory or recurrent周期性的: pleurodesis胸膜固定术, pleurectomy[plu'rektəmi]胸膜切除术, bulla['bulə] 大疱 stapling装订 or lasering激光常用的化疗药 9/14 cisplatin 顺铂Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar(盐酸吉西他滨注射剂)paclitaxel;taxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）docetaxel多西他赛（泰素帝）常见的抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesis penicillin skin test amoxicillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin 头孢菌素类 cefradine 头孢拉啶 cefaclor 头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦 ceftriaxone 头孢曲松 cefpiramide 头孢吡啶 ceftazidime 头孢他定 ceftizoxime 头孢唑污 carbopenems 碳青霉烯类 azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美罗培南imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亚胺培南/西司他丁钠（泰能tienam）Glycopeptides 糖肽类inhibit cell wall assembly vancomycin 万古霉素 norvancomycin 去甲万古霉素 teicoplanin 替考拉林Macrolides大环内酯类：inhibit protein synthesis roxithromycin 罗红霉素 clarithromycin 克拉霉素 azithromycin 阿奇霉素 erythromycin 红霉素Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷类reno-and ototoxic inhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesis amikacin 阿米卡星（丁胺卡那）gentamicin 庆大霉素 streptomycin 链霉素 Sulfamido 磺胺类sulfamethoxazole compound(SMZ.CO)Quinolones 喹诺酮类：inhibit DNA gyrase norfloxacin 诺氟沙星 ofloxacin 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星 gatifloxacin 加替沙星moxifloxacin 莫西沙星ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星Tetracycline 四环素类 minocycline 美满霉素 Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类 metronidazole 甲硝唑tinidazole 替硝唑 ornidazole 奥硝唑Antitubercular agents抗结核药 rifampicin 利福平 rifapentine 利福喷丁isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺 ethambutol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药 nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin 两性霉素B fluconazole 氟康唑 voriconazole 伏立康唑 itraconazole 伊曲康唑 Antivirus agents ribavirin 利巴韦林oseltamivir 奥司他韦acyclovir 阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦valaciclovir 伐昔洛韦 foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid膦甲酸钠（可耐）lamivudine 拉米夫定 entecavir 恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism, microbe 微生物 bacterium 细菌lipopolysaccharide（LPS）脂多糖 antibiotics 抗生素 pyrogen 致热原 exotoxin 外毒素 endotoxin 内毒素 Gram stain 革兰染色Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位 antibacterial agents 抗菌药 resistance 耐药性ESBLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱B内酰胺酶MRSA： methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症 11/14 endotoxemia 内毒素血症septicaemia 败血症pyemia 脓毒血症pathogen 致病原pathogenicity 致病性 virulence 毒力median lethal dose(LD50)半数致死量median infective dose(ID50)半数感染量 virus 病毒replication 复制 viremia 病毒血症normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiological microbiota 正常微生物群flora disequilibrium 菌群失调dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症opportunistic infection 机会性感染 conditioned infection 条件致病性感染 endogenous infection 内源性感染 exogenous infection 外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibility testing 药物敏感试验minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)最小抑菌浓度minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)最小杀菌浓度disinfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌asepsis 无菌aseptictechnique 无菌技术bacteriostasis 抑菌antisepsis 防腐disinfectant 消毒剂bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂 bactericide 杀菌剂autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法 ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外线 isolation precaution 隔离预防artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫 vaccination 疫苗接种killed/inactivated vaccine 死/灭活疫苗attentuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗 toxoid 类毒素artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫 antitoxin 抗毒素gammaglobulin 丙种球蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌12/14 Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Viridans streptococci 草绿色链球菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌 Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌 Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌 Legionella 军团杆菌属 Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌 Serratia 沙雷菌属Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌 Acinebacter 不动杆菌属Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌 Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌 Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌 Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌 Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝杆菌属，抗酸杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌Purified protein derivate, PPD Old tuberculin,OT Atypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌 Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Anaerobic bacterial 厌氧性细菌 Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridum perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌 Clostridum difficile 艰难梭菌antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia 耶尔森菌属Brucella 布氏菌属Actinomyces 放线菌属Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体（苍白密螺旋体）Venereal disease reference laboratory(VDRL)Rapid plasma regain(RPR)Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体Chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Viruses associated with respiratory infections 呼吸道病毒Influenza virus 流感病毒Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒13/14 Coronavirus 冠状病毒Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS Adenovirus 腺病毒Rubella virus 风疹病毒Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Enterovirus 肠道病毒Rotavirus 轮状病毒hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒Encephalitis B virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒 Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热Herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒 Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB病毒Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human papillomaviruses, HPV 人乳头状瘤病毒Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS Human T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人T淋巴细胞病毒 Adult T-cell leukemia成人T细胞性白血病Rabies virus 风疹病毒Fungus 真菌Yeast 酵母Spore 孢子Hypha 菌丝Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌 Trichophyton 毛癣菌属Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属 Tinea 癣Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属 Histoplasmosis 组织胞浆菌病Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌，白色念珠菌Candidiasis 念珠菌病 Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌 Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP 卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus 曲霉菌 Mucor 毛霉菌属第二篇：呼吸内科)一、慢支炎处方氨苄西林胶囊0.5tid溴已新片（必淑平）16mgtid氨茶碱0.1tid此方主要是针对发作较轻者，患病时间长的老年人。
呼吸科交班常用单词及用语(供参考)
医务名称英语单词doctor；physician 医生，cure；treat 医治， cure sb of his illness 医好某人的病give sb medical treatment 给某人医病， medical ethics ['eθɪks] 医德medical courses in general； medicine 医科principles of medical science； medical knowledge 医理medical treatment 医疗，public health services 公费医疗medical team 医疗队，medical establishment 医疗机构medicament [me'dɪkəmənt]； drug 药剂 pharmacist ['fɑːməsɪst]； druggist ['drʌɡɪst] 药剂师unskillful and faulty medical or surgical treatment；malpractice 医疗事故medical and health work 医疗卫生工作，medical station； health center 医疗站obstetrician [ɒbstə'trɪʃn] 产科医生，pediatrician [piːdiə'trɪʃn]儿科医生ENT（ear-nose-throat）doctor 耳鼻喉科医生，radiologist 放射科医生gynecologist [gaɪnɪ'kɒlədʒɪst]妇科医生，orthopedist [ɔːθəʊ'piːdɪst]骨科医生urologist 泌尿科医生， physician 内科医生dermatologist [dɜːmə'tɒlədʒɪst]皮肤科医生intern 实习医生，surgeon 外科医生，dentist；dental surgeon 牙科医生oculist ['ɒkjəlist]；eye-doctor 眼科医生，plastic surgeon 整形外科医生oncologist 肿瘤科医生 doctor in charge，attending doctor 主治医生the attending on call 当班的主治医师associate chief physician 副主任医师 Chief Physician主任医师resident doctor 住院医生呼吸科常用英语单词A：Bronchial [brɒŋkiəl] asthma [æsmə]支气管哮喘acidosis [æsɪ'dəʊsɪs]酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析Anaemia [ə'niːmiə] 贫血 Alveolar 肺泡的antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis [ætə'lektəsɪs]肺不张Lung abscess 肺脓肿Atherosclerotic [æθərəʊsklə'rɒtɪk] heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist ['ægənist] B2受体激动剂Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis[æspədʒi'ləʊsɪs] 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion [pə'kʌʃn] and auscultation [ɔːskəl'teɪʃn] 叩／听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis [sti'nəʊsɪs] 肺动脉狭窄Adrenal [æd'riːnəl] glucocorticoid[gluːkəʊ'kɔːtɪkɔɪd]( 糖(肾上腺)皮质激素)肾上腺糖皮质激素Bβ2-agonist ['ægənist] β2激动剂 Biopsy 活检Bronchiectasis [brɑŋk i'ektəsɪs] 支气管扩张broncho[[b'rɒntʃəʊ] dilator 支气管扩张Fiber optic (['ɒptɪk]光学的)bronchoscopic[,brɔŋkə'skɔpik] biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis [ˌbrɒŋkɪəʊ'laɪtɪs]支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop： bronchiolitis obliterans ([əb'lɪtərənz] 闭塞性)with organizing pneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy [b'rɒntʃəskəpɪ]支气管镜检查Ccavity 空洞CAHD coronary arteriosclerotic(英[ɑ:tɪəri:əʊsklɪə'rɒtɪk ])heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation( [rɪsʌsɪ'teɪʃn]恢复知觉，苏醒)心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed( [klʌbd] 棒状的)finger 杵状指dry cough 干咳 Cyanosis [saɪə'nəʊsɪs]紫绀Nonproductive cough 干咳Complication 并发症 crackling( [kræklɪŋ]轻微的爆裂声，噼啪声)rale 细捻发音crepitant ['krepətənt]捻发音的cough variant asthma 咳嗽变异性哮喘DDyspnea 呼吸困难 Differential [dɪfərenʃl] diagnosis 鉴别诊断Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断 dry rale 干罗音EEmphysema 肺气肿 pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Acid base equilibrium [i:kwɪ'lɪbrɪəm]酸碱平衡etiology 病因学Emphysema [emfi'siːmə] 肺气肿Emphysematous [,emfi'semətəs]气肿的bullae( [ˌbuli:] ][医]大水疱)of lung肺大泡Expectoration [ɪkˌspektə'reɪʃn]痰；吐出物；吐痰；咳痰 Exacerbation 加重Endogenous[endɒdʒənəs]内生的 Exogenous [ek'sɒdʒənəs]外生的empyema [empaɪ'i:mə]脓胸FInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化fine rale 细罗音GGM+ Gram stain positiveGm- Gram stain negativeHHypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin [hi:məʊ'gləʊbɪn]血红蛋白Hemoptysis [hi'mɒptəsɪs]咯血 Hemorrhage['heməridʒ] 出血HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CTHistology [hɪ'stɒlədʒɪ]组织学 Hypoxia [haɪ'pɒksɪə]缺氧Iimmunotherapy [i'mjuːnəʊ'θerəpi]免疫治疗infantile ['infəntail] asthma 婴儿哮喘 inhaler[in'heilə(r)] 吸入器inhalation [inhə'leiʃn]吸入 Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratrachea [ɪntrætreɪ'kel] l 气管内的 Intravenous [intrəvi:nəs]静脉内的Mmoist rale 湿罗音mycoplasma [maɪkəʊ'plɑ:zmə]支原体mmHgmillimetre(s) of mercury[ˈmɜ:kjəri]毫米汞柱NNoninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气nasal [neɪzl] flaring ['fleərɪŋ]鼻扇OOSAS obstructive sleep apnea (['æpnɪə] 无呼吸，呼吸暂停；窒息)syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征Ppulmonary abscess 肺脓疡 Pneumothorax [njuːmə'θɔːræks]气胸pressure pneumothorax 张力性气胸pyopneumothorax英 [paɪəʊnjuːməʊ'θɔːræks]脓气胸Pulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音Pneumonia 肺炎PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比Pleura 胸腔积液Primary bronchogenic [brɒnkə'dʒenɪk]carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌primary complex 原发综合征primary pulmonary tubeculosis [tʊbɜ:kjələʊsɪs]原发性肺结核purified protein d e rivative (PPD) 纯蛋白衍生物derivative [dɪrɪvətɪv]Provocation ([ˌprɒvəˈkeɪʃn]挑衅，挑拨)test 激发试验Parenchymal [pə'rəŋkəməl]实质的（insterstial间质的）Plumonary edema [ɪ'di:mə]肺水肿 Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎Lobular(['lɒbjʊlə]有小裂片的，有小叶的)pneumonia 小叶性肺炎Rrespiratory distress [dI'stres]呼吸窘迫 Moist rales 湿罗音 Dry rales 干罗音Ssputum英 [spju:təm] 美 [spjutəm] smear [smɪə(r)]痰涂片SaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度Short of breath 气短 Syncope ['sɪŋkəpɪ]晕厥Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段 sinusitis [saɪnə'saɪtɪs] 鼻窦炎TTuberculosis [tʊbɜ:kjələʊsɪs]结核病Tachypnea [tækip'niːə] 气促Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy [θɔːrə'kɒskəpi] 胸腔镜检查tuberculous [tju:'bɜ:kjʊləs] pleuritis [plʊə'raɪtɪs]结核性胸膜炎tuberculous meningitis 结核性脑膜炎UUpper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染 URI 上呼吸道感染WWheeze 哮鸣音其他facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰 release of bronchial spasm 解痉微生物adenovirus [ədi:nəʊ'vaɪrəs]腺病毒 streptococcus [ˌstreptə'kɒkəs] pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌 legionella['li:dʒənelə]军团菌mycoplasma [ˌmaɪkəʊ'plɑ:zmə]支原体chlamydia [klə'mɪdɪə]衣原体pneumocystic [,nju:məu'saistik]carinii 卡氏肺囊虫pneumonococcus [nju:mənə'kɒkəs]肺炎[双]球菌Pneumococcus n.肺炎球菌respiratory syncytial(多核体的)virus 呼吸道合胞病毒staphylococcal [stæfɪləʊ'kɒkəl] aureus ['ɔːriəs] 金葡菌tubercle [tju:bəkl] bacillus [bə'sɪləs](杆菌)结核杆菌（小块茎，小瘤，结节）常用药物及器具BCG 卡介苗 ipratropium 溴化异化托品metered dose inhaler (MDI) 定量雾化吸入器nedocromil sodium 尼多酸钠 nuberlizer 雾化器salbutamol 沙丁胺醇 sodium cromoglycate 色甘酸钠spacer 储雾气 terbutalin 叔丁喘宁xanthine 黄嘌呤 acid-fast 抗酸I级护理Grade One Nursing II级护理secondary care III级护理tertiary['tɜːʃəri] caremorning report:The totle number of the patients in our ward is 56.Three patients were discharged yesterday, two new patients were admitted,and no patient was shifted out. and 1 patient was shifted in. no surgery, childbirth and death in patients.Critically ill patients(危重病人) intensive care patients (重症病人)Bed 28,Mr***,aged 55,is a patient with COPD,suffering from a sore throat, productive cough and shortness of breath.The other patients in our ward were all stableThat is all ,thank you.。
呼吸系统疾病专业学术翻译必备词汇
呼吸系统疾病专业学术翻译必备词汇编号中文英文使用频度中文查询频度英文查询频度1急性acute4099103314 2治疗patients3958163070 3慢性chronic343184359 4呼吸respiratory3166196387 5阻塞obstructive271812035 6临床patients268054870 7阻塞性obstructive2672335 8感染infection2610428316 9气道airway22405578 10通气ventilation220711544911哮喘asthmatic203919228 12性肺pulmonary18620250 13疾病disease1846323138 14综合征syndrome176844288 15组织lung1747175094 16呼吸道respiratory1706163387 17肺组织lung16562494 18细胞cells1651240114 19肺结核tuberculosis1620242240 20肺炎pneumonia1617153153 21肺疾病pulmonary15864250 22支气管bronchial1472635023阻塞性肺疾病obstructive1450035慢性阻塞性肺24obstructive14422835疾病25哮喘患者asthma1404523426支气管哮喘asthma12767023427肺损伤lung1242179428老年patients11281067029呼吸道感染respiratory11245138730纤维化fibrosis11199110931急性呼吸respiratory1087038732衰竭failure10822746933病人patients10811617034下呼吸道respiratory101010387 35呼吸衰竭respiratory100451387 36机械通气ventilation98156449 37sars患者sars980088 38栓塞embolism9626652 39睡眠sleep9508782 40炎症inflammation920258346 41肺部pulmonary91120250 42肺栓塞pulmonary84152250 43健康healthy83342789 44肺动脉pulmonary81822250 45严重severe815124946946肺泡alveolar81233118 47合并patients79090370 48肺纤维化fibrosis76634109 49胸腔pleural7295470 50肺结核病tuberculosis6764240 51发作patients6677270 52呼吸暂停apnea6541957 53症状symptoms653447154 54睡眠呼吸暂停syndrome64611288 55（p p6390457 56结核tuberculosis637104240 57例患者patients617107058豚鼠guinea591116104 59外周blood5906884 60重症severe58756469 61支气管炎bronchitis5726252 62肺病pulmonary55712250 63肺结核患者tuberculosis5550240 64性睡眠sleep554082 65积液effusion5375952 66气道炎症airway5311378 67外周血blood52312684 68结核性tuberculous515912 69x线x-ray514103870核性tuberculous512012 71急性发作acute50613314 72胸腔积液effusion4977352 73肺部感染infection49574316 74哮喘组asthma4918234 75吸入inhalation490178240 76住院patients48223470 77咳嗽cough48110338 78重度severe473170469 79抗体antibody472189147 80尘肺pneumoconiosis4692416 81洗液lavage467625282慢性支气管炎bronchitis4595852 83灌洗液lavage458552 84矽肺silicosis4481419 85p均p4460457 86通气治疗ventilation4450449 87呼吸窘迫respiratory44014387 88细菌bacterial440724226 89咯血hemoptysis4404935 90患者中patients430070 91疾病患者patients428470 92间质interstitial42756316 93上皮细胞cells42411111494窘迫distress42118267 95肺癌lung41725694 96血气blood407884 97急性加重acute4075314 98病理lung40530294 99地塞米松dexamethasone403142153 100肺气肿emphysema4005874 101确诊patients39219870 102常规patients38857170 103胸部chest37881132 104肺结核病人tuberculosis3733240 105吸烟smoking3655832106病情patients36429770 107动脉血blood3562384 108细胞因子cytokines355337452 109气胸pneumothorax3493932 110衰竭患者failure3450469 111发作期acute34412314 112发病patients34436370 113痰菌sputum344056 114胸片chest34365132 115支气管肺泡bronchoalveolar340037 116巨噬细胞macrophages338240181 117抗生素antibiotics334532247呼吸暂停综合118apnea3312457征119病死率mortality32796554120监测patients326138470121结核病tuberculosis32474240122胸膜pleural3223670123活检biopsy31948200124阴性negative3191971247125肺泡灌bronchoalveolar317037126无创noninvasive31440186127灌洗lavage3081652128获得性acquired307101781290例patients297070 130型呼吸respiratory2920387 131并发patients28814170 132急性发作期acute28412314 133氧氟沙星levofloxacin27923590 134油酸oleic278198125 135正压通气ventilation2770449 1362003年2003264510 137胸水pleural2643170 138哮喘模型asthma2634234 139综合征患者syndrome2620288 140左氧氟沙星levofloxacin2617290141呼吸机ventilation259118449 142炎性inflammatory25920528 143加重exacerbation25529766 144呼吸系统respiratory250125387 145发热fever24924271 146铜绿aeruginosa24911104 147老年人patients24625470 148哮喘发病asthma2450234 149血栓栓塞thromboembolism244924 150支气管肺泡灌bronchoalveolar243037 151粉尘dust241307210 152急性肺栓塞pulmonary2380250153例健康healthy238089 154死亡率mortality236362554 155诱导痰sputum234056 156间质纤维化fibrosis2299109 157假单胞菌aeruginosa22854104 158过敏性allergic22737158 159中度moderate226142848 160痰菌阴转sputum225056 161胸膜炎pleurisy2251914 162内毒素lung22510294 163铜绿假单胞菌aeruginosa22375104 164肺泡巨噬细胞macrophages22314181165重塑remodeling22310299 166发病机制pathogenesis221293442 167感染患者infection2200316 168肺血栓栓塞thromboembolism218024 169肺不张atelectasis2163132 170雾化inhalation216156240 171阴转negative21571247 172缓解期remission21442147 173哮喘发作asthma2125234 174哮喘病asthma2120234 175机械通气治疗ventilation2110449 176呼气expiratory211228177间质性interstitial2100316 178病变patients20928970 179呼吸困难dyspnea20911492 180瘦素leptin209101300 181特发idiopathic2073123 182特发性idiopathic20622123 183致敏sensitized2044134 184糖皮质激素glucocorticoid199181109 185肺炎患者pneumonia1970153 186亚群subsets19721105 187肺内lung1961294 188自发性spontaneous19633440189哮喘气道airway195078190恶性胸腔pleural195070191误诊misdiagnosis192694192肺间质interstitial19220316193痰液sputum1921156194血栓栓塞症thromboembolism192024195自发性气胸pneumothorax1901132196非典型sars1892088呼吸暂停低通197apnea189057气198肺通气pulmonary1885250199大咯血hemoptysis188535200加重期exacerbation188066 201例慢性chronic1860359 202急性加重期exacerbation184666 203雾化吸入inhalation18344240 204组肺lung183094 205药物drug179452174 206状态patients179118470 207低氧血症hypoxemia1782326 208总数total177241417 209肺血管pulmonary17410250 210哮喘急性asthma1740234 211结核性胸膜炎pleurisy1731114212插管intubation1737261 213低通气hypopnea17304 214尿激酶urokinase1734531 215气管tracheal17116840 216表面活性物质surfactant17123430 217中性粒细胞neutrophil170136171 218非典型肺炎sars1701888 219空洞cavity169120667 220工尘肺pneumoconiosis169016 221健康人healthy1691989 222哮喘豚鼠asthma1680234 223煤工尘肺pneumoconiosis167016224脂多糖lps16739104 225原因causes166130661 226性肺炎pneumonia1660153 227慢支bronchitis162452 228急性期acute16243314 229哮喘急性发作asthma1617234 230康复patients16027970 231病原菌pathogens159238265 232轻度mild159192482 233白细胞blood15821084 234总ige ige158013 235计数count157193470236夜间nocturnal1565565 237过敏性哮喘asthma15610234 238支气管动脉embolization1552242 239均p p1550457 240溶栓thrombolytic1558138 241清除clearance153489715 242涂片sputum1535456 243变应性allergic1530158 244老年患者patients1516070 245il-1βil-115108 246血压blood15114884 247严重程度severity150166436248ifn-γil-414834 249血液blood14810484 250炎症反应inflammatory147101528 251血清瘦素leptin14510300 252哮喘病人asthma1440234 253辅助patients14495670 254序贯sequential14318599 255茶碱theophylline14355105 256冠状病毒sars1422388 257雷伯pneumoniae141049 258术后patients14027270 259氨茶碱aminophylline1403026260健康对照healthy139789 261弥漫diffuse13863487 262真菌fungal136434287 263呼衰failure1353469 264沙丁胺醇salbutamol1353636 265肺水肿edema13543203 266ige水平ige134013 267加替沙gatifloxacin134041 268加替沙星gatifloxacin1343241 269重症sars sars133088 270纤维支气管镜bronchoscopy1323012 271易感性susceptibility13239759272清除率clearance13273715273支原体mycoplasma13018882 274流行病学epidemiological130251323 275有创invasive1298289 276支气管炎患者bronchitis129052肺表面活性物surfactant1290430 277质278杆菌bacilli1299242 279气管插管intubation12810561 280出院patients12716370 281奇霉素azithromycin1270137传染性非典型282sars127388肺炎283阿奇霉素azithromycin126103137284淋巴细胞亚群lymphocyte12516155 285百分比percentage125384312 286氧分oxygen1253283 287恢复patients125127470 288氧分压oxygen12538283支气管肺泡灌lavage124052 289洗290分泌cells124379114 291胸部x线x-ray123438 292饱和度patients12314870 293氧合oxygenation1221184294拮抗剂antagonist12298368 295氧疗oxygen12211283 296衣原体chlamydia1225056 297缓解patients122111970呼吸机相关性pneumonia12127153 298肺炎299红霉素erythromycin121160189 300顺应性compliance121331530 301通气功能ventilation1200449 302基础疾病diseases1202726 303气道阻力airway120578 304气管内intratracheal119516305矽肺患者silicosis119019 306呼吸频率respiratory11830387 307肺活检biopsy1170200 308布地奈德budesonide117935 309igg抗体igg116069 310介入interventional11620562 311住院患者patients1163770 312静脉blood11511984 313失衡imbalance11510349 314分枝杆菌mycobacterium1152471 315鼻炎rhinitis1147151 316嗜酸性粒细胞eosinophils1143662317肺泡灌洗bronchoalveolar1131137 318尘肺患者pneumoconiosis113016 319动脉栓塞embolization1132042 320亚胺培南imipenem1133075 321通气时间ventilation1125449 322弥漫性diffuse11226487 323入院patients11210770 324头孢他啶ceftazidime1113472 325组胺histamine1112695 326上皮cells11043114 327基础underlying11018591075 328真菌感染fungal11025287329sars病人sars109088 330肺脏lung1081794 331sars病毒sars108088 332细菌性bacterial10712226 333或p p1060457 334良性benign106116236 335h后h1060237 336例急性acute1060314 337革兰阴性gram-negative105068 338痰培养sputum1052056 339典型atypical105561128 340生存patients10435670341吸氧oxygen10469283 342创伤traumatic104128123 343抗结核tuberculosis10413240支气管动脉栓bronchial103050 344塞345孢吡肟cefepime103066 346尘肺病pneumoconiosis1021316 347不典型atypical10218128 348头孢吡肟cefepime1011566 349机相关性ventilator-associated10103 350呼吸机相关性ventilator-associated10103 351院内nosocomial1012161352细菌感染bacterial10157226 353变应原allergen1005106 354哌拉西林piperacillin1001852 355接尘dust1000210 356核细胞cells990114 357受体拮抗剂antagonist9927368 358x线胸片x-ray98738 359血氧oxygen9828283 360面罩mask9838860 361瘦素水平leptin985300 362栓塞患者embolism97052 3633年20039770364腺苷adenosine9653215 365肺炎衣原体chlamydia96756 366重症肺炎pneumonia9515153 367头孢哌酮cefoperazone952433 368道壁airway95078 369h组h950237 370肺灌洗lavage94052 371急性呼吸衰竭failure9414469 372支气管内膜endobronchial94013 373血糖blood9333884 374痰标本sputum93856 375间质性肺炎interstitial9226316376膈肌diaphragm9127441 377动脉血氧oxygen9112283 378用力肺活量fvc91310 379sars病例sars91088 380患者气道airway91078 381气道壁airway90078 382肺炎克雷伯菌pneumoniae903449 383卵蛋白ovalbumin90396 384增厚thickening906746 385营养不良patients908770 386氨溴索ambroxol901322 387吸气inspiratory897015388胸液effusion89052 389肺泡上皮细胞alveolar895118 390例老年elderly89055 391克雷伯菌klebsiella88864 392穿刺biopsy88118200 393例病人patients88370 394创伤性traumatic875123 395呼吸机相关ventilator-associated8603 396机相关ventilator-associated8603 397不动acinetobacter861766 398肺动脉压pulmonary864250 399支气管扩张bronchiectasis853628400阳性细胞cells8530114 401调节regulatory851270806 402哮喘发病机制asthma850234 403不动杆菌acinetobacter841666 404肺泡炎alveolitis8455 405多导睡眠polysomnography84016 406葡萄球菌staphylococcus84128148 407sars冠状病毒sars83088 408重构remodeling8326499 409分支杆菌tuberculosis8311240 410巴坦tazobactam82026 411石英quartz81231305412肺组织病理lung80094 413肺炎支原体mycoplasma804082 414舒巴坦sulbactam802031 415感染率infection8074316 416性细胞cells794114 417介入治疗interventional7913462 418最大maximal79874136 419上呼吸道respiratory7924387 420痰涂片smear799290 421水肿edema78165203 422就诊patients7816670 423结核分枝杆菌tuberculosis7727240424结节病sarcoidosis77980 425静脉血blood775284 426病理改变pathological7760198 427吸烟者smokers7790 428嗜酸eosinophils76962 429性胸腔pleural76070 430血清瘦素水平leptin753300 431细胞亚群subsets757105 432随机对照randomized7521106 433肺组织匀浆lung74094 434血白细胞blood74884 435嗜麦芽maltophilia74013436x线表现x-ray74338 437革兰gram740274 438麦芽maltophilia745413 439呼吸功能respiratory7420387 440莫西沙moxifloxacin74041 441纤维化模型fibrosis740109 442咯血患者hemoptysis74035 443医院感染infection7490316 444莫西沙星moxifloxacin731241 445纤支镜bronchoscopy731512 446支镜bronchoscopy73012 447菌苗vaccine728201448白三烯leukotriene721898 449致病菌bacteria72212349 450医院内nosocomial72061 451后肺lung72094 452纵隔mediastinal715048 453高碳酸血症hypercapnia71925 454失败failure71446469 455p值p7121457 456温石棉chrysotile70310 457病因causes7034361 458上清液supernatant70623899 459支气管扩张症bronchiectasis70428460栓塞治疗embolization69742 461嗜酸细胞eosinophils692062 462名健康healthy69089 463豚鼠气道airway69078 464重型severe6959469 465用力呼气量fev6806 466康复期patients68970 467利多卡因lidocaine685751 468卡氏pneumocystis68027 469介质mediators6859267 470肺部真菌fungal680287 471中重度moderate6710848472病理学pathological67157198 473激动剂agonist6766403 474嗜酸粒细胞eosinophils671362 475气道高反应性asthma6712234 476膈疝hernia66434 477革兰阴性杆菌gram-negative661868 478细胞数cells6631114 479通气模式ventilation650449 480结核菌tuberculosis6521240编号中文英文使用频度中文查询频度英文查询频度481喘息asthmatic652828 482依从compliance6581530483免疫治疗immunotherapy653122 484功能衰竭failure658469 485病毒感染infection6557316 486单核细胞monocyte64167117 487他唑巴坦tazobactam641626 488山莨菪碱anisodamine641110 489结核分支杆菌tuberculosis646240 490反应性responsiveness6469160 491肺炎组pneumonia630153 492红细胞blood6224584 493期哮喘asthma620234 494纤维支气管镜检查bronchoscopy62412 495变应性鼻炎allergic6214158 496血清总ige ige61013497老年肺炎pneumonia610153 498冠心病disease61543138 499溶栓治疗thrombolytic612538 500阴影shadow6182144 501气道内airway61078 502蛋白沉积proteinosis6042 503蛋白沉积症proteinosis6002 504救治patients604170 505石棉asbestos60111136 506细胞和cells600114 507气流airflow6016649 508结核抗体tuberculosis607240 509危重severe6016469 510疫苗vaccine60241201511栓塞术embolization59042 512健康者healthy59889 513穿刺活检biopsy5922200 514感染者infection5943316 515特异性ige ige58013 516吸入治疗inhalation580240 517辅助通气ventilation580449 518病原体pathogens58132265 519单胞菌maltophilia58513 520感染组infection585316 521为p p580457 522变应性哮喘asthma570234 523万古霉素vancomycin576475 524杯状细胞goblet571437525头孢噻肟cefotaxime5727120 526炎症介质inflammatory5757528 527卵白蛋白ovalbumin56096 528哮喘急性发作期asthma560234 529分泌物secretion56100272 530哮喘治疗asthma560234 531综合症syndrome5654288 532性假瘤inflammatory560528 533睡眠结构sleep56082 534吸烟组smoking55032 535静脉滴注intravenous55116266 536地塞米松组dexamethasone553153 537第二second55412163 538纤维化程度fibrosis550109539igm抗体igm54027 540尿激酶治疗urokinase54031 541肺部疾病diseases53726 542金属蛋白酶metalloproteinase-953210 543组总total530417 544弹性蛋白酶elastase53856 545心肺cardiopulmonary53542 546依从性compliance53831530 547百分率percentage5385312 548凝血酶thrombin5251146 549发病过程pathogenesis5229442 550抗菌药物antibiotics52122247 551扎鲁司特zafirlukast52013 552沙美特罗salmeterol52520553淋巴结lymph5210868 554糖皮质激素治疗glucocorticoid520109 555变异型variant510626 556气管切开tracheotomy514812 557烟雾smoke515066 558人工artificial51573310 559血栓embolism5115752 560患者痰sputum51056 561尘螨mite511195 562为sars sars51088 563嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌maltophilia50713 564革兰阳性gram-positive50446 565组织病理pathological5019198 566中度哮喘asthma500234567睡眠呼吸sleep50082 568哮喘发作期asthma500234 569卡氏肺pneumocystis50027 570细胞内cells5083114 571发病机理pathogenesis50102442 572全血blood503084 573发作期哮喘asthma490234 574阿米卡amikacin49051 575变异性variant4942626 576功能不全patients491270 577结核杆菌tuberculosis4835240 578前胶原procollagen48322 579转染cells48153114 580咳痰expectoration484616编号中文英文使用频率中文查询度英文查询度582支气管哮喘发作asthma480234583羟脯氨酸hydroxyproline482662 584特异性igg igg48069 585内注入instillation47038 586慢性炎症inflammation4719346 587白细胞介素-8il-84707588糖皮质激素受体glucocorticoid478109589混合感染infection4747316 590黏液mucus4718117 591中il il470275 592重度哮喘asthma470234593假瘤pseudotumor4603 594ards模型ards46025 595肺循环pulmonary469250 596克雷伯杆菌klebsiella46664 597肺顺应性compliance4631530 598减低patients463670 599氟替卡松fluticasone461020 600血液中blood46584 601使用抗生素antibiotics465247 602肺移植lung46894 603误诊为misdiagnosed4660 604受体激动剂agonist4516403 605肺泡上皮alveolar450118 606重建remodeling4518499。
呼吸系统疾病专业学术翻译必备词汇
呼吸系统疾病专业学术翻译必备词汇编号中文英文使用频度中文查询频度英文查询频度1急性acute40991033142治疗patients39581630703慢性chronic3431843594呼吸respiratory31661963875阻塞obstructive2718120356临床patients2680548707阻塞性obstructive26723358感染infection26104283169气道airway2240557810通气ventilation220711544911哮喘asthmatic20391922812性肺pulmonary1862025013疾病disease184632313814综合征syndrome17684428815组织lung174717509416呼吸道respiratory170616338717肺组织lung1656249418细胞cells165124011419肺结核tuberculosis162024224020肺炎pneumonia161715315321肺疾病pulmonary1586425022支气管bronchial1472635023阻塞性肺疾病obstructive145003524慢性阻塞性肺疾病obstructive1442283525哮喘患者asthma1404523426支气管哮喘asthma12767023427肺损伤lung1242179428老年patients11281067029呼吸道感染respiratory11245138730纤维化fibrosis11199110931急性呼吸respiratory1087038732衰竭failure10822746933病人patients10811617034下呼吸道respiratory10101038735呼吸衰竭respiratory100451387 36机械通气ventilation98156449 37sars患者sars980088 38栓塞embolism9626652 39睡眠sleep9508782 40炎症inflammation920258346 41肺部pulmonary91120250 42肺栓塞pulmonary84152250 43健康healthy83342789 44肺动脉pulmonary81822250 45严重severe8151249469 46肺泡alveolar81233118 47合并patients79090370 48肺纤维化fibrosis76634109 49胸腔pleural7295470 50肺结核病tuberculosis6764240 51发作patients6677270 52呼吸暂停apnea6541957 53症状symptoms653447154 54睡眠呼吸暂停syndrome64611288 55（p p6390457 56结核tuberculosis637104240 57例患者patients6171070 58豚鼠guinea591116104 59外周blood5906884 60重症severe58756469 61支气管炎bronchitis5726252 62肺病pulmonary55712250 63肺结核患者tuberculosis5550240 64性睡眠sleep554082 65积液effusion5375952 66气道炎症airway5311378 67外周血blood52312684 68结核性tuberculous515912 69x线x-ray5141038 70核性tuberculous512012 71急性发作acute5061331472胸腔积液effusion4977352 73肺部感染infection49574316 74哮喘组asthma4918234 75吸入inhalation490178240 76住院patients48223470 77咳嗽cough48110338 78重度severe473170469 79抗体antibody472189147 80尘肺pneumoconiosis4692416 81洗液lavage4676252 82慢性支气管炎bronchitis4595852 83灌洗液lavage458552 84矽肺silicosis4481419 85p均p4460457 86通气治疗ventilation4450449 87呼吸窘迫respiratory44014387 88细菌bacterial440724226 89咯血hemoptysis4404935 90患者中patients430070 91疾病患者patients428470 92间质interstitial42756316 93上皮细胞cells424111114 94窘迫distress42118267 95肺癌lung41725694 96血气blood407884 97急性加重acute4075314 98病理lung40530294 99地塞米松dexamethasone403142153 100肺气肿emphysema4005874 101确诊patients39219870 102常规patients38857170 103胸部chest37881132 104肺结核病人tuberculosis3733240 105吸烟smoking3655832 106病情patients36429770 107动脉血blood3562384 108细胞因子cytokines355337452109气胸pneumothorax3493932 110衰竭患者failure3450469 111发作期acute34412314 112发病patients34436370 113痰菌sputum344056 114胸片chest34365132 115支气管肺泡bronchoalveolar340037 116巨噬细胞macrophages338240181 117抗生素antibiotics334532247 118呼吸暂停综合征apnea3312457 119病死率mortality32796554 120监测patients326138470 121结核病tuberculosis32474240 122胸膜pleural3223670 123活检biopsy31948200 124阴性negative3191971247 125肺泡灌bronchoalveolar317037 126无创noninvasive31440186 127灌洗lavage3081652 128获得性acquired30710178 1290例patients297070 130型呼吸respiratory2920387 131并发patients28814170 132急性发作期acute28412314 133氧氟沙星levofloxacin27923590 134油酸oleic278198125 135正压通气ventilation2770449 1362003年2003264510 137胸水pleural2643170 138哮喘模型asthma2634234 139综合征患者syndrome2620288 140左氧氟沙星levofloxacin2617290 141呼吸机ventilation259118449 142炎性inflammatory25920528 143加重exacerbation25529766 144呼吸系统respiratory250125387 145发热fever24924271146铜绿aeruginosa24911104 147老年人patients24625470 148哮喘发病asthma2450234 149血栓栓塞thromboembolism244924 150支气管肺泡灌bronchoalveolar243037 151粉尘dust241307210 152急性肺栓塞pulmonary2380250 153例健康healthy238089 154死亡率mortality236362554 155诱导痰sputum234056 156间质纤维化fibrosis2299109 157假单胞菌aeruginosa22854104 158过敏性allergic22737158 159中度moderate226142848 160痰菌阴转sputum225056 161胸膜炎pleurisy2251914 162内毒素lung22510294 163铜绿假单胞菌aeruginosa22375104 164肺泡巨噬细胞macrophages22314181 165重塑remodeling22310299 166发病机制pathogenesis221293442 167感染患者infection2200316 168肺血栓栓塞thromboembolism218024 169肺不张atelectasis2163132 170雾化inhalation216156240 171阴转negative21571247 172缓解期remission21442147 173哮喘发作asthma2125234 174哮喘病asthma2120234 175机械通气治疗ventilation2110449 176呼气expiratory211228 177间质性interstitial2100316 178病变patients20928970 179呼吸困难dyspnea20911492 180瘦素leptin209101300 181特发idiopathic2073123 182特发性idiopathic20622123183致敏sensitized2044134 184糖皮质激素glucocorticoid199181109 185肺炎患者pneumonia1970153 186亚群subsets19721105 187肺内lung1961294 188自发性spontaneous19633440 189哮喘气道airway195078 190恶性胸腔pleural195070 191误诊misdiagnosis192694 192肺间质interstitial19220316 193痰液sputum1921156 194血栓栓塞症thromboembolism192024 195自发性气胸pneumothorax1901132 196非典型sars1892088 197呼吸暂停低通气apnea189057 198肺通气pulmonary1885250 199大咯血hemoptysis188535 200加重期exacerbation188066 201例慢性chronic1860359 202急性加重期exacerbation184666 203雾化吸入inhalation18344240 204组肺lung183094 205药物drug179452174 206状态patients179118470 207低氧血症hypoxemia1782326 208总数total177241417 209肺血管pulmonary17410250 210哮喘急性asthma1740234 211结核性胸膜炎pleurisy1731114 212插管intubation1737261 213低通气hypopnea17304 214尿激酶urokinase1734531 215气管tracheal17116840 216表面活性物质surfactant17123430 217中性粒细胞neutrophil170136171 218非典型肺炎sars1701888 219空洞cavity169120667220工尘肺pneumoconiosis169016 221健康人healthy1691989 222哮喘豚鼠asthma1680234 223煤工尘肺pneumoconiosis167016 224脂多糖lps16739104 225原因causes166130661 226性肺炎pneumonia1660153 227慢支bronchitis162452 228急性期acute16243314 229哮喘急性发作asthma1617234 230康复patients16027970 231病原菌pathogens159238265 232轻度mild159192482 233白细胞blood15821084 234总ige ige158013 235计数count157193470 236夜间nocturnal1565565 237过敏性哮喘asthma15610234 238支气管动脉embolization1552242 239均p p1550457 240溶栓thrombolytic1558138 241清除clearance153489715 242涂片sputum1535456 243变应性allergic1530158 244老年患者patients1516070 245il-1βil-115108 246血压blood15114884 247严重程度severity150166436 248ifn-γil-414834 249血液blood14810484 250炎症反应inflammatory147101528 251血清瘦素leptin14510300 252哮喘病人asthma1440234 253辅助patients14495670 254序贯sequential14318599 255茶碱theophylline14355105 256冠状病毒sars1422388257雷伯pneumoniae141049 258术后patients14027270 259氨茶碱aminophylline1403026 260健康对照healthy139789 261弥漫diffuse13863487 262真菌fungal136434287 263呼衰failure1353469 264沙丁胺醇salbutamol1353636 265肺水肿edema13543203 266ige水平ige134013 267加替沙gatifloxacin134041 268加替沙星gatifloxacin1343241 269重症sars sars133088 270纤维支气管镜bronchoscopy1323012 271易感性susceptibility13239759 272清除率clearance13273715 273支原体mycoplasma13018882 274流行病学epidemiological130251323 275有创invasive1298289 276支气管炎患者bronchitis129052 277肺表面活性物质surfactant1290430 278杆菌bacilli1299242 279气管插管intubation12810561 280出院patients12716370 281奇霉素azithromycin1270137 282传染性非典型肺炎sars127388 283阿奇霉素azithromycin126103137 284淋巴细胞亚群lymphocyte12516155 285百分比percentage125384312 286氧分oxygen1253283 287恢复patients125127470 288氧分压oxygen12538283 289支气管肺泡灌洗lavage124052 290分泌cells124379114 291胸部x线x-ray123438 292饱和度patients12314870 293氧合oxygenation1221184294拮抗剂antagonist12298368 295氧疗oxygen12211283 296衣原体chlamydia1225056 297缓解patients122111970 298呼吸机相关性肺炎pneumonia12127153 299红霉素erythromycin121160189 300顺应性compliance121331530 301通气功能ventilation1200449 302基础疾病diseases1202726 303气道阻力airway120578 304气管内intratracheal119516 305矽肺患者silicosis119019 306呼吸频率respiratory11830387 307肺活检biopsy1170200 308布地奈德budesonide117935 309igg抗体igg116069 310介入interventional11620562 311住院患者patients1163770 312静脉blood11511984 313失衡imbalance11510349 314分枝杆菌mycobacterium1152471 315鼻炎rhinitis1147151 316嗜酸性粒细胞eosinophils1143662 317肺泡灌洗bronchoalveolar1131137 318尘肺患者pneumoconiosis113016 319动脉栓塞embolization1132042 320亚胺培南imipenem1133075 321通气时间ventilation1125449 322弥漫性diffuse11226487 323入院patients11210770 324头孢他啶ceftazidime1113472 325组胺histamine1112695 326上皮cells11043114 327基础underlying11018591075 328真菌感染fungal11025287 329sars病人sars109088 330肺脏lung1081794331sars病毒sars108088 332细菌性bacterial10712226 333或p p1060457 334良性benign106116236 335h后h1060237 336例急性acute1060314 337革兰阴性gram-negative105068 338痰培养sputum1052056 339典型atypical105561128 340生存patients10435670 341吸氧oxygen10469283 342创伤traumatic104128123 343抗结核tuberculosis10413240 344支气管动脉栓塞bronchial103050 345孢吡肟cefepime103066 346尘肺病pneumoconiosis1021316 347不典型atypical10218128 348头孢吡肟cefepime1011566 349机相关性ventilator-associated10103 350呼吸机相关性ventilator-associated10103 351院内nosocomial1012161 352细菌感染bacterial10157226 353变应原allergen1005106 354哌拉西林piperacillin1001852 355接尘dust1000210 356核细胞cells990114 357受体拮抗剂antagonist9927368 358x线胸片x-ray98738 359血氧oxygen9828283 360面罩mask9838860 361瘦素水平leptin985300 362栓塞患者embolism97052 3633年20039770 364腺苷adenosine9653215 365肺炎衣原体chlamydia96756 366重症肺炎pneumonia9515153 367头孢哌酮cefoperazone952433368道壁airway95078 369h组h950237 370肺灌洗lavage94052 371急性呼吸衰竭failure9414469 372支气管内膜endobronchial94013 373血糖blood9333884 374痰标本sputum93856 375间质性肺炎interstitial9226316 376膈肌diaphragm9127441 377动脉血氧oxygen9112283 378用力肺活量fvc91310 379sars病例sars91088 380患者气道airway91078 381气道壁airway90078 382肺炎克雷伯菌pneumoniae903449 383卵蛋白ovalbumin90396 384增厚thickening906746 385营养不良patients908770 386氨溴索ambroxol901322 387吸气inspiratory897015 388胸液effusion89052 389肺泡上皮细胞alveolar895118 390例老年elderly89055 391克雷伯菌klebsiella88864 392穿刺biopsy88118200 393例病人patients88370 394创伤性traumatic875123 395呼吸机相关ventilator-associated8603 396机相关ventilator-associated8603 397不动acinetobacter861766 398肺动脉压pulmonary864250 399支气管扩张bronchiectasis853628 400阳性细胞cells8530114 401调节regulatory851270806 402哮喘发病机制asthma850234 403不动杆菌acinetobacter841666 404肺泡炎alveolitis8455405多导睡眠polysomnography84016 406葡萄球菌staphylococcus84128148 407sars冠状病毒sars83088 408重构remodeling8326499 409分支杆菌tuberculosis8311240 410巴坦tazobactam82026 411石英quartz81231305 412肺组织病理lung80094 413肺炎支原体mycoplasma804082 414舒巴坦sulbactam802031 415感染率infection8074316 416性细胞cells794114 417介入治疗interventional7913462 418最大maximal79874136 419上呼吸道respiratory7924387 420痰涂片smear799290 421水肿edema78165203 422就诊patients7816670 423结核分枝杆菌tuberculosis7727240 424结节病sarcoidosis77980 425静脉血blood775284 426病理改变pathological7760198 427吸烟者smokers7790 428嗜酸eosinophils76962 429性胸腔pleural76070 430血清瘦素水平leptin753300 431细胞亚群subsets757105 432随机对照randomized7521106 433肺组织匀浆lung74094 434血白细胞blood74884 435嗜麦芽maltophilia74013 436x线表现x-ray74338 437革兰gram740274 438麦芽maltophilia745413 439呼吸功能respiratory7420387 440莫西沙moxifloxacin74041 441纤维化模型fibrosis740109442咯血患者hemoptysis74035 443医院感染infection7490316 444莫西沙星moxifloxacin731241 445纤支镜bronchoscopy731512 446支镜bronchoscopy73012 447菌苗vaccine728201 448白三烯leukotriene721898 449致病菌bacteria72212349 450医院内nosocomial72061 451后肺lung72094 452纵隔mediastinal715048 453高碳酸血症hypercapnia71925 454失败failure71446469 455p值p7121457 456温石棉chrysotile70310 457病因causes7034361 458上清液supernatant70623899 459支气管扩张症bronchiectasis70428 460栓塞治疗embolization69742 461嗜酸细胞eosinophils692062 462名健康healthy69089 463豚鼠气道airway69078 464重型severe6959469 465用力呼气量fev6806 466康复期patients68970 467利多卡因lidocaine685751 468卡氏pneumocystis68027 469介质mediators6859267 470肺部真菌fungal680287 471中重度moderate6710848 472病理学pathological67157198 473激动剂agonist6766403 474嗜酸粒细胞eosinophils671362 475气道高反应性asthma6712234 476膈疝hernia66434 477革兰阴性杆菌gram-negative661868 478细胞数cells6631114479通气模式ventilation650449 480结核菌tuberculosis6521240编号中文英文使用频度中文查询频度英文查询频度481喘息asthmatic652828482依从compliance6581530 483免疫治疗immunotherapy653122484功能衰竭failure658469485病毒感染infection6557316486单核细胞monocyte64167117487他唑巴坦tazobactam641626488山莨菪碱anisodamine641110489结核分支杆菌tuberculosis646240490反应性responsiveness6469160491肺炎组pneumonia630153492红细胞blood6224584493期哮喘asthma620234494纤维支气管镜检查bronchoscopy62412495变应性鼻炎allergic6214158496血清总ige ige61013497老年肺炎pneumonia610153498冠心病disease61543138499溶栓治疗thrombolytic612538500阴影shadow6182144501气道内airway61078502蛋白沉积proteinosis6042503蛋白沉积症proteinosis6002504救治patients604170505石棉asbestos60111136506细胞和cells600114507气流airflow6016649508结核抗体tuberculosis607240509危重severe6016469510疫苗vaccine60241201511栓塞术embolization59042512健康者healthy59889513穿刺活检biopsy5922200514感染者infection5943316515特异性ige ige58013 516吸入治疗inhalation580240 517辅助通气ventilation580449 518病原体pathogens58132265 519单胞菌maltophilia58513 520感染组infection585316 521为p p580457 522变应性哮喘asthma570234 523万古霉素vancomycin576475 524杯状细胞goblet571437 525头孢噻肟cefotaxime5727120 526炎症介质inflammatory5757528 527卵白蛋白ovalbumin56096 528哮喘急性发作期asthma560234 529分泌物secretion56100272 530哮喘治疗asthma560234 531综合症syndrome5654288 532性假瘤inflammatory560528 533睡眠结构sleep56082 534吸烟组smoking55032 535静脉滴注intravenous55116266 536地塞米松组dexamethasone553153 537第二second55412163 538纤维化程度fibrosis550109 539igm抗体igm54027 540尿激酶治疗urokinase54031 541肺部疾病diseases53726 542金属蛋白酶metalloproteinase-953210 543组总total530417 544弹性蛋白酶elastase53856 545心肺cardiopulmonary53542 546依从性compliance53831530 547百分率percentage5385312 548凝血酶thrombin5251146 549发病过程pathogenesis5229442 550抗菌药物antibiotics52122247 551扎鲁司特zafirlukast52013552沙美特罗salmeterol52520 553淋巴结lymph5210868 554糖皮质激素治疗glucocorticoid520109 555变异型variant510626 556气管切开tracheotomy514812 557烟雾smoke515066 558人工artificial51573310 559血栓embolism5115752 560患者痰sputum51056 561尘螨mite511195 562为sars sars51088 563嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌maltophilia50713 564革兰阳性gram-positive50446 565组织病理pathological5019198 566中度哮喘asthma500234 567睡眠呼吸sleep50082 568哮喘发作期asthma500234 569卡氏肺pneumocystis50027 570细胞内cells5083114 571发病机理pathogenesis50102442 572全血blood503084 573发作期哮喘asthma490234 574阿米卡amikacin49051 575变异性variant4942626 576功能不全patients491270 577结核杆菌tuberculosis4835240 578前胶原procollagen48322 579转染cells48153114 580咳痰expectoration484616编号中文英文使用频率中文查询度英文查询度582支气管哮喘发作asthma480234583羟脯氨酸hydroxyproline482662584特异性igg igg48069585内注入instillation47038586慢性炎症inflammation4719346587白细胞介素-8il-84707588糖皮质激素受体glucocorticoid478109589混合感染infection4747316 590黏液mucus4718117 591中il il470275 592重度哮喘asthma470234 593假瘤pseudotumor4603 594ards模型ards46025 595肺循环pulmonary469250 596克雷伯杆菌klebsiella46664 597肺顺应性compliance4631530 598减低patients463670 599氟替卡松fluticasone461020 600血液中blood46584 601使用抗生素antibiotics465247 602肺移植lung46894 603误诊为misdiagnosed4660 604受体激动剂agonist4516403 605肺泡上皮alveolar450118 606重建remodeling4518499 607性感染infection450316 608血清il-8il-84507 609米卡星amikacin45051 610肺孢子虫pneumocystis45027 611抗凝anticoagulation458649 612罗红霉素roxithromycin457961 613阿米卡星amikacin453051 614卡介苗bcg455229 615肺性pulmonary450250 616胸部x x45074 617病例组patients452270 618血清ige ige44013 619母牛分枝杆菌mycobacterium44071 620分辨率hrct441167562患者年龄patients44570 1622疑似suspected447499 623军团legionella441246 624支扩bronchiectasis44028625形态lung44128194 626气雾剂aerosol4462299 627性哮喘asthma440234 628纤溶fibrinolysis442743 629肺炎性inflammatory440528 630性疾病disease443138 631肺性脑病pulmonary438250 632调节性regulatory4312806 633军团菌legionella433746 634特异性抗体antibody4319147 635尸检autopsy432885 636控制通气ventilation430449 637阻塞性肺气肿emphysema431074 638序贯疗法sequential4311599 639轻中度mild4311482 640不明unknown423541 641合胞syncytial42052 642脓胸empyema421421 643呼吸性respiratory425387 644肺匀浆lung42094 645支气管平滑肌bronchial42350 646盐酸氨溴索ambroxol421222 647p值均p420457 648lps刺激lps420104 649心衰failure4259469 650头孢呋辛cefuroxime422455 651肥厚thickening423046 652矽肺病silicosis42419 653痰结核菌sputum41056 654支气管肺lung41094 655大呼气expiratory4108656特布他林terbutaline411030 657脱氨deaminase411937 658转阴negative41131247 659地塞米松治疗dexamethasone410153 660型前胶原procollagen41022 661异丙酚propofol4179138662支气管镜bronchoscope41202 663血清il-6il-641017 664球菌cocci414445 665肺活量vc412093 666渗出性exudative41719 667标志patients4191170 668衣原体感染chlamydia41456 669血液流变学patients4010870 670炎症性inflammatory4013528 671例分别patients40070 672孢子虫carinii401010 673血红素heme4037154 674复张recruitment400539 675俯卧prone4025362 676疫情tuberculosis3996240 677血流blood394084 678复查patients3919070 679组p p390457 680氏肺孢子虫carinii39010 681类细胞因子cytokines390452 682转归outcome3985864 683白三烯受体leukotriene39098 684单克隆antibody3938147 685抗体igg igg39569 686hrct表现hrct3905 687老年性senile392048 688粒细胞cells3828114 689志愿者healthy3832089 690进行性progressive3835468 691病原学pathogens3849265 692吸入性inhalation384240 693脱氨酶deaminase38537 694动脉栓塞术embolization38042 695培养上清液supernatants383394。
呼吸系统 名词解释(中英对照
COPD慢阻肺。
包括慢性支气管肺炎，阻塞性肺气肿。
临床上以进行性气流受限为主要表现，部分可有可逆性，可伴有气道高反应性。
Obstructive emphysema阻塞性肺气肿。
终末支气管远端的气道弹性减弱，过度膨胀，充气和肺容积增大，同时伴有气道周围肺泡壁的破坏Chronic pulmonary heart disease慢性肺源性心脏病。
由于慢性肺部疾病和胸廓疾病或肺血管疾病等引起的肺循环阻力增加，肺动脉高压，进而引起的右心室肥厚扩大，甚至发生右心衰竭的心脏病。
Asthma 支气管哮喘。
一种以嗜酸性粒细胞，肥大细胞，淋巴细胞等多种炎症细胞介导的气道慢性变态反应性炎症性疾病。
可引起气道高反应性和广泛的可逆性气道阻塞。
临床上以反复发作的喘息，呼吸困难，胸闷或咳嗽为特点。
常在夜间和清晨发作，症状可经治疗或自行缓解Late asthmatio reactionLAR 迟发相哮喘反应。
接触过敏原3-4小时发生，历时20-24小时，嗜酸粒细胞，淋巴细胞，中性粒细胞，巨噬细胞等炎症细胞从外周循环血液聚集到气道，并活化，释放出炎性介质，包括嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白，白三烯和血小板活化因子等，引起气道炎症，微血管渗漏，腺体分泌增加和气道高反应性Aspirininduced asthma 阿司匹林过敏-哮喘-鼻息肉三联症。
阿司匹林可使得花生四烯酸代谢异常，前列腺素生成减少，可诱发哮喘，常合并鼻息肉，故得名。
Cough variant asthma 咳嗽变异性哮喘。
以顽固性咳嗽为唯一临床表现，无喘息症状的支气管哮喘。
Respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭。
外呼吸功能严重障碍，以致不能进行有效的气体交换，导致机体缺氧，伴有或不伴有二氧化碳潴留而引起的一系列生理功能和代谢障碍的临床综合征Respiratory bump failure 呼吸泵衰竭。
由于呼吸肌，胸廓，呼吸中枢的异常引起限制性通气障碍所导致的呼吸衰竭。
呼吸康复涉及医学英语
cough 干咳、Nonproductive cough 干咳、Dyspnea 呼吸困难、Emphysema 肺气肿、 pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞、Bronchiectasis ［brɑŋki'ektəsɪs]支气管扩张、Bronchitis，bronchiolitis支气管炎，细支气管炎、Emphysema肺气肿、adenovirus 腺病毒、bronchitis 支气管炎、bronchopneumonia 支气管肺炎、cough 咳嗽、crackling rale dry rale 干罗音、dyspnea 呼吸困难、empyema 脓胸、fine rale 细罗音、interstitial pneumonia 间质性肺炎pulmonary abscess 肺脓疡、mycoplasma 支原体、URI 上呼吸道感染、moist rale 湿罗音、nasal flaring 鼻扇pneumocystic carinii 卡氏肺囊虫、pneumonococcus 肺炎球菌、pneumatocel 肺膨出、pneumothorax 气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸、pressure pneumothorax 张力性气胸、respiratory distress 呼吸窘迫respiratory syncytial virus 呼吸道合胞病毒、retraction 吸凹、staphylococcal aureus 金葡菌、sinusitis 鼻窦炎tachypnea 呼吸急促、asthma 哮喘、broncho dilator 支气管扩张、cough variant asthma 咳嗽变异性哮喘、FEV1 一秒种用力呼气容积、infantile asthma 婴儿哮喘、inhaler 吸入器、inhalation 吸入、immunotherapy 、免疫治疗、metered dose inhaler （MDI) 定量雾化吸入器、nuberlizer 雾化器、PEF 最大呼气容量、salbutamol 沙丁胺醇、sodium cromoglycate 色甘酸钠、spacer 储雾气、terbutalin 叔丁喘宁、wheeze 喘息、cavity 空洞primary complex 原发综合征、primary pulmonary tubeculosis 原发性肺结核、tuberculous pleuritis 结核性胸膜炎、sputum smear 痰涂片、tubercle bacillus 结核杆菌、tuberculosis 结核、tuberculous meningitis 结核性脑膜炎、bronchiospasm 支气管痉挛、diffusion anoxia弥散性缺氧、laryngospasm 喉痉挛、open airway开放气道、lateral column插管、Pediatrics小儿科、Geriatrics 老人病专科、Pediatric Ward儿科病房、Cardio—Thoracic Surgery心胸外科、Internal Medicine 内科、Nephrology 肾脏科、Neurology 神经科、Neurosurgery神经外科、Physiatry 物理康复科、Pulmonary Medicine肺科、dry干燥、adult 成人，成年人、aging 老化，老年、airway resistance 气道阻力、alveolar duct 肺泡管、alveolar dead space 肺泡死腔,肺泡无效腔、alveoli 腺泡，肺泡、automatic respiratory rhythm 自主呼吸节律、bacterial pneumonia 细菌性肺炎、肿瘤科Oncology、神经内科Neurology、急诊Emergency Dept、职业病科Occupational Medicine、烧伤中心Burn Center、呼吸治疗 Respiratory Therapy、Sterilization灭菌、消毒、medical apparatus and instruments：医疗器械、drugstore; chemist’s shop；pharmacy：药店、expectorant: 化痰药、儿科学paediatrics 、肺炎双球菌pneumococcus spp、腹泻diarrhoea 、葡萄膜uveal tract 葡萄膜炎uveitis 、葡萄球菌Staphylococcus spp。
呼吸系统常见英语
呼吸系统常见英语English: The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the body. There are several common respiratory conditions that can affect the system, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, bronchitis, and lung cancer. Asthma is a chronic condition that causes inflammation of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing and wheezing. COPD is a progressive lung disease that includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema, causing shortness of breath and coughing. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that causes inflammation and fluid buildup, leading to symptoms like fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often caused by viruses or bacteria, resulting in coughing and mucus production. Lung cancer is a serious condition where abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the lungs, leading to symptoms such as persistent cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath.中文翻译: 呼吸系统负责体内氧气的摄入和二氧化碳的释放。
呼吸系统疾病专业学术翻译必备词汇
呼吸系统疾病专业学术翻译必备词汇编号中文英文使用频度中文查询频度英文查询频度1 急性acute 4099 103 3142 治疗patients 3958 1630 703 慢性chronic 3431 84 3594 呼吸respiratory 3166 196 3875 阻塞obstructive 2718 120 356 临床patients 2680 548 707 阻塞性obstructive 2672 3 358 感染infection 2610 428 3169 气道airway 2240 55 7810 通气ventilation 2207 115 44911 哮喘asthmatic 2039 192 2812 性肺pulmonary 1862 0 25013 疾病disease 1846 323 13814 综合征syndrome 1768 44 28815 组织lung 1747 1750 9416 呼吸道respiratory 1706 163 38717 肺组织lung 1656 24 9418 细胞cells 1651 240 11419 肺结核tuberculosis 1620 242 24020 肺炎pneumonia 1617 153 15321 肺疾病pulmonary 1586 4 25022 支气管bronchial 1472 63 5023 阻塞性肺疾病obstructive 1450 0 3524 慢性阻塞性肺疾病obstructive 1442 28 3525 哮喘患者asthma 1404 5 23426 支气管哮喘asthma 1276 70 23427 肺损伤lung 1242 17 9428 老年patients 1128 106 7029 呼吸道感染respiratory 1124 51 38730 纤维化fibrosis 1119 91 10931 急性呼吸respiratory 1087 0 38732 衰竭failure 1082 27 46933 病人patients 1081 161 7034 下呼吸道respiratory 1010 10 38735 呼吸衰竭respiratory 1004 51 38736 机械通气ventilation 981 56 44937 sars患者sars 980 0 8838 栓塞embolism 962 66 5239 睡眠sleep 950 87 8240 炎症inflammation 920 258 34641 肺部pulmonary 911 20 25042 肺栓塞pulmonary 841 52 25043 健康healthy 833 427 8944 肺动脉pulmonary 818 22 25045 严重severe 815 1249 46946 肺泡alveolar 812 33 11847 合并patients 790 903 7048 肺纤维化fibrosis 766 34 10949 胸腔pleural 729 54 7050 肺结核病tuberculosis 676 4 24051 发作patients 667 72 7052 呼吸暂停apnea 654 19 5753 症状symptoms 653 447 15454 睡眠呼吸暂停syndrome 646 11 28855 （p p 639 0 45756 结核tuberculosis 637 104 24057 例患者patients 617 10 7058 豚鼠guinea 591 116 10459 外周blood 590 68 8460 重症severe 587 56 46961 支气管炎bronchitis 572 62 5262 肺病pulmonary 557 12 25063 肺结核患者tuberculosis 555 0 24064 性睡眠sleep 554 0 8265 积液effusion 537 59 5266 气道炎症airway 531 13 7867 外周血blood 523 126 8468 结核性tuberculous 515 9 1269 x线x-ray 514 10 3870 核性tuberculous 512 0 1271 急性发作acute 506 13 31472 胸腔积液effusion 497 73 5273 肺部感染infection 495 74 31674 哮喘组asthma 491 8 23475 吸入inhalation 490 178 24076 住院patients 482 234 7077 咳嗽cough 481 103 3878 重度severe 473 170 46979 抗体antibody 472 189 14780 尘肺pneumoconiosis 469 24 1681 洗液lavage 467 62 5282 慢性支气管炎bronchitis 459 58 5283 灌洗液lavage 458 5 5284 矽肺silicosis 448 14 1985 p均p 446 0 45786 通气治疗ventilation 445 0 44987 呼吸窘迫respiratory 440 14 38788 细菌bacterial 440 724 22689 咯血hemoptysis 440 49 3590 患者中patients 430 0 7091 疾病患者patients 428 4 7092 间质interstitial 427 56 31693 上皮细胞cells 424 111 11494 窘迫distress 421 18 26795 肺癌lung 417 256 9496 血气blood 407 8 8497 急性加重acute 407 5 31498 病理lung 405 302 9499 地塞米松dexamethasone 403 142 153 100 肺气肿emphysema 400 58 74 101 确诊patients 392 198 70 102 常规patients 388 571 70 103 胸部chest 378 81 132 104 肺结核病人tuberculosis 373 3 240 105 吸烟smoking 365 58 32 106 病情patients 364 297 70 107 动脉血blood 356 23 84 108 细胞因子cytokines 355 337 452109 气胸pneumothorax 349 39 32 110 衰竭患者failure 345 0 469 111 发作期acute 344 12 314 112 发病patients 344 363 70 113 痰菌sputum 344 0 56 114 胸片chest 343 65 132 115 支气管肺泡bronchoalveolar 340 0 37 116 巨噬细胞macrophages 338 240 181 117 抗生素antibiotics 334 532 247 118 呼吸暂停综合征apnea 331 24 57 119 病死率mortality 327 96 554 120 监测patients 326 1384 70 121 结核病tuberculosis 324 74 240 122 胸膜pleural 322 36 70 123 活检biopsy 319 48 200 124 阴性negative 319 197 1247 125 肺泡灌bronchoalveolar 317 0 37 126 无创noninvasive 314 40 186 127 灌洗lavage 308 16 52 128 获得性acquired 307 10 178 129 0例patients 297 0 70 130 型呼吸respiratory 292 0 387 131 并发patients 288 141 70 132 急性发作期acute 284 12 314 133 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 279 235 90 134 油酸oleic 278 198 125 135 正压通气ventilation 277 0 449 136 2003年2003 264 51 0 137 胸水pleural 264 31 70 138 哮喘模型asthma 263 4 234 139 综合征患者syndrome 262 0 288 140 左氧氟沙星levofloxacin 261 72 90 141 呼吸机ventilation 259 118 449 142 炎性inflammatory 259 20 528 143 加重exacerbation 255 297 66 144 呼吸系统respiratory 250 125 387 145 发热fever 249 242 71146 铜绿aeruginosa 249 11 104 147 老年人patients 246 254 70 148 哮喘发病asthma 245 0 234 149 血栓栓塞thromboembolism 244 9 24 150 支气管肺泡灌bronchoalveolar 243 0 37 151 粉尘dust 241 307 210 152 急性肺栓塞pulmonary 238 0 250 153 例健康healthy 238 0 89 154 死亡率mortality 236 362 554 155 诱导痰sputum 234 0 56 156 间质纤维化fibrosis 229 9 109 157 假单胞菌aeruginosa 228 54 104 158 过敏性allergic 227 37 158 159 中度moderate 226 142 848 160 痰菌阴转sputum 225 0 56 161 胸膜炎pleurisy 225 19 14 162 毒素lung 225 102 94 163 铜绿假单胞菌aeruginosa 223 75 104 164 肺泡巨噬细胞macrophages 223 14 181 165 重塑remodeling 223 102 99 166 发病机制pathogenesis 221 293 442 167 感染患者infection 220 0 316 168 肺血栓栓塞thromboembolism 218 0 24 169 肺不atelectasis 216 31 32 170 雾化inhalation 216 156 240 171 阴转negative 215 7 1247 172 缓解期remission 214 42 147 173 哮喘发作asthma 212 5 234 174 哮喘病asthma 212 0 234 175 机械通气治疗ventilation 211 0 449 176 呼气expiratory 211 22 8 177 间质性interstitial 210 0 316 178 病变patients 209 289 70 179 呼吸困难dyspnea 209 114 92 180 瘦素leptin 209 101 300 181 特发idiopathic 207 3 123 182 特发性idiopathic 206 22 123183 致敏sensitized 204 41 34 184 糖皮质激素glucocorticoid 199 181 109 185 肺炎患者pneumonia 197 0 153 186 亚群subsets 197 21 105 187 肺lung 196 12 94 188 自发性spontaneous 196 33 440 189 哮喘气道airway 195 0 78 190 恶性胸腔pleural 195 0 70 191 误诊misdiagnosis 192 69 4 192 肺间质interstitial 192 20 316 193 痰液sputum 192 11 56 194 血栓栓塞症thromboembolism 192 0 24 195 自发性气胸pneumothorax 190 11 32 196 非典型sars 189 20 88 197 呼吸暂停低通气apnea 189 0 57 198 肺通气pulmonary 188 5 250 199 大咯血hemoptysis 188 5 35 200 加重期exacerbation 188 0 66 201 例慢性chronic 186 0 359 202 急性加重期exacerbation 184 6 66 203 雾化吸入inhalation 183 44 240 204 组肺lung 183 0 94 205 药物drug 179 452 174 206 状态patients 179 1184 70 207 低氧血症hypoxemia 178 23 26 208 总数total 177 241 417 209 肺血管pulmonary 174 10 250 210 哮喘急性asthma 174 0 234 211 结核性胸膜炎pleurisy 173 11 14 212 插管intubation 173 72 61 213 低通气hypopnea 173 0 4 214 尿激酶urokinase 173 45 31 215 气管tracheal 171 168 40 216 表面活性物质surfactant 171 23 430 217 中性粒细胞neutrophil 170 136 171 218 非典型肺炎sars 170 18 88 219 空洞cavity 169 120 667220 工尘肺pneumoconiosis 169 0 16 221 健康人healthy 169 19 89 222 哮喘豚鼠asthma 168 0 234 223 煤工尘肺pneumoconiosis 167 0 16 224 脂多糖lps 167 39 104 225 原因causes 166 1306 61 226 性肺炎pneumonia 166 0 153 227 慢支bronchitis 162 4 52 228 急性期acute 162 43 314 229 哮喘急性发作asthma 161 7 234 230 康复patients 160 279 70 231 病原菌pathogens 159 238 265 232 轻度mild 159 192 482 233 白细胞blood 158 210 84 234 总ige ige 158 0 13 235 计数count 157 193 470 236 夜间nocturnal 156 55 65 237 过敏性哮喘asthma 156 10 234 238 支气管动脉embolization 155 22 42 239 均p p 155 0 457 240 溶栓thrombolytic 155 81 38 241 清除clearance 153 489 715 242 涂片sputum 153 54 56 243 变应性allergic 153 0 158 244 老年患者patients 151 60 70 245 il-1βil-1 151 0 8 246 血压blood 151 148 84 247 严重程度severity 150 166 436 248 ifn-γil-4 148 3 4 249 血液blood 148 104 84 250 炎症反应inflammatory 147 101 528 251 血清瘦素leptin 145 10 300 252 哮喘病人asthma 144 0 234 253 辅助patients 144 956 70 254 序贯sequential 143 18 599 255 茶碱theophylline 143 55 105 256 冠状病毒sars 142 23 88257 雷伯pneumoniae 141 0 49 258 术后patients 140 272 70 259 氨茶碱aminophylline 140 30 26 260 健康对照healthy 139 7 89 261 弥漫diffuse 138 63 487 262 真菌fungal 136 434 287 263 呼衰failure 135 3 469 264 沙丁胺醇salbutamol 135 36 36 265 肺水肿edema 135 43 203 266 ige水平ige 134 0 13 267 加替沙gatifloxacin 134 0 41 268 加替沙星gatifloxacin 134 32 41 269 重症sars sars 133 0 88 270 纤维支气管镜bronchoscopy 132 30 12 271 易感性susceptibility 132 39 759 272 清除率clearance 132 73 715 273 支原体mycoplasma 130 188 82 274 流行病学epidemiological 130 251 323 275 有创invasive 129 8 289 276 支气管炎患者bronchitis 129 0 52 277 肺表面活性物质surfactant 129 0 430 278 杆菌bacilli 129 92 42 279 气管插管intubation 128 105 61 280 出院patients 127 163 70 281 奇霉素azithromycin 127 0 137 282 传染性非典型肺炎sars 127 3 88 283 阿奇霉素azithromycin 126 103 137 284 淋巴细胞亚群lymphocyte 125 16 155 285 百分比percentage 125 384 312 286 氧分oxygen 125 3 283 287 恢复patients 125 1274 70 288 氧分压oxygen 125 38 283 289 支气管肺泡灌洗lavage 124 0 52 290 分泌cells 124 379 114 291 胸部x线x-ray 123 4 38 292 饱和度patients 123 148 70 293 氧合oxygenation 122 11 84294 拮抗剂antagonist 122 98 368 295 氧疗oxygen 122 11 283 296 衣原体chlamydia 122 50 56 297 缓解patients 122 1119 70 298 呼吸机相关性肺炎pneumonia 121 27 153 299 红霉素erythromycin 121 160 189 300 顺应性compliance 121 33 1530 301 通气功能ventilation 120 0 449 302 基础疾病diseases 120 27 26 303 气道阻力airway 120 5 78 304 气管intratracheal 119 5 16 305 矽肺患者silicosis 119 0 19 306 呼吸频率respiratory 118 30 387 307 肺活检biopsy 117 0 200 308 布地奈德budesonide 117 9 35 309 igg抗体igg 116 0 69 310 介入interventional 116 205 62 311 住院患者patients 116 37 70 312 静脉blood 115 119 84 313 失衡imbalance 115 103 49 314 分枝杆菌mycobacterium 115 24 71 315 鼻炎rhinitis 114 71 51 316 嗜酸性粒细胞eosinophils 114 36 62 317 肺泡灌洗bronchoalveolar 113 11 37 318 尘肺患者pneumoconiosis 113 0 16 319 动脉栓塞embolization 113 20 42 320 亚胺培南imipenem 113 30 75 321 通气时间ventilation 112 5 449 322 弥漫性diffuse 112 26 487 323 入院patients 112 107 70 324 头孢他啶ceftazidime 111 34 72 325 组胺histamine 111 26 95 326 上皮cells 110 43 114 327 基础underlying 110 1859 1075 328 真菌感染fungal 110 25 287 329 sars病人sars 109 0 88 330 肺脏lung 108 17 94331 sars病毒sars 108 0 88 332 细菌性bacterial 107 12 226 333 或p p 106 0 457 334 良性benign 106 116 236 335 h后h 106 0 237 336 例急性acute 106 0 314 337 革兰阴性gram-negative 105 0 68 338 痰培养sputum 105 20 56 339 典型atypical 105 561 128 340 生存patients 104 356 70 341 吸氧oxygen 104 69 283 342 创伤traumatic 104 128 123 343 抗结核tuberculosis 104 13 240 344 支气管动脉栓塞bronchial 103 0 50 345 孢吡肟cefepime 103 0 66 346 尘肺病pneumoconiosis 102 13 16 347 不典型atypical 102 18 128 348 头孢吡肟cefepime 101 15 66 349 机相关性ventilator-associated 101 0 3 350 呼吸机相关性ventilator-associated 101 0 3 351 院nosocomial 101 21 61 352 细菌感染bacterial 101 57 226 353 变应原allergen 100 5 106 354 哌拉西林piperacillin 100 18 52 355 接尘dust 100 0 210 356 核细胞cells 99 0 114 357 受体拮抗剂antagonist 99 27 368 358 x线胸片x-ray 98 7 38 359 血氧oxygen 98 28 283 360 面罩mask 98 38 860 361 瘦素水平leptin 98 5 300 362 栓塞患者embolism 97 0 52 363 3年2003 97 7 0 364 腺苷adenosine 96 53 215 365 肺炎衣原体chlamydia 96 7 56 366 重症肺炎pneumonia 95 15 153 367 头孢哌酮cefoperazone 95 24 33368 道壁airway 95 0 78 369 h组h 95 0 237 370 肺灌洗lavage 94 0 52 371 急性呼吸衰竭failure 94 14 469 372 支气管膜endobronchial 94 0 13 373 血糖blood 93 338 84 374 痰标本sputum 93 8 56 375 间质性肺炎interstitial 92 26 316 376 膈肌diaphragm 91 27 441 377 动脉血氧oxygen 91 12 283 378 用力肺活量fvc 91 3 10 379 sars病例sars 91 0 88 380 患者气道airway 91 0 78 381 气道壁airway 90 0 78 382 肺炎克雷伯菌pneumoniae 90 34 49 383 卵蛋白ovalbumin 90 3 96 384 增厚thickening 90 67 46 385 营养不良patients 90 87 70 386 氨溴索ambroxol 90 13 22 387 吸气inspiratory 89 70 15 388 胸液effusion 89 0 52 389 肺泡上皮细胞alveolar 89 5 118 390 例老年elderly 89 0 55 391 克雷伯菌klebsiella 88 8 64 392 穿刺biopsy 88 118 200 393 例病人patients 88 3 70 394 创伤性traumatic 87 5 123 395 呼吸机相关ventilator-associated 86 0 3 396 机相关ventilator-associated 86 0 3 397 不动acinetobacter 86 17 66 398 肺动脉压pulmonary 86 4 250 399 支气管扩bronchiectasis 85 36 28 400 阳性细胞cells 85 30 114 401 调节regulatory 85 1270 806 402 哮喘发病机制asthma 85 0 234 403 不动杆菌acinetobacter 84 16 66 404 肺泡炎alveolitis 84 5 5405 多导睡眠polysomnography 84 0 16 406 葡萄球菌staphylococcus 84 128 148 407 sars冠状病毒sars 83 0 88 408 重构remodeling 83 264 99 409 分支杆菌tuberculosis 83 11 240 410 巴坦tazobactam 82 0 26 411 石英quartz 81 231 305 412 肺组织病理lung 80 0 94 413 肺炎支原体mycoplasma 80 40 82 414 舒巴坦sulbactam 80 20 31 415 感染率infection 80 74 316 416 性细胞cells 79 4 114 417 介入治疗interventional 79 134 62 418 最大maximal 79 874 136 419 上呼吸道respiratory 79 24 387 420 痰涂片smear 79 9 290 421 水肿edema 78 165 203 422 就诊patients 78 166 70 423 结核分枝杆菌tuberculosis 77 27 240 424 结节病sarcoidosis 77 9 80 425 静脉血blood 77 52 84 426 病理改变pathological 77 60 198 427 吸烟者smokers 77 9 0 428 嗜酸eosinophils 76 9 62 429 性胸腔pleural 76 0 70 430 血清瘦素水平leptin 75 3 300 431 细胞亚群subsets 75 7 105 432 随机对照randomized 75 21 106 433 肺组织匀浆lung 74 0 94 434 血白细胞blood 74 8 84 435 嗜麦芽maltophilia 74 0 13 436 x线表现x-ray 74 3 38 437 革兰gram 74 0 274 438 麦芽maltophilia 74 54 13 439 呼吸功能respiratory 74 20 387 440 莫西沙moxifloxacin 74 0 41 441 纤维化模型fibrosis 74 0 109442 咯血患者hemoptysis 74 0 35 443 医院感染infection 74 90 316 444 莫西沙星moxifloxacin 73 12 41 445 纤支镜bronchoscopy 73 15 12 446 支镜bronchoscopy 73 0 12 447 菌苗vaccine 72 8 201 448 白三烯leukotriene 72 18 98 449 致病菌bacteria 72 212 349 450 医院nosocomial 72 0 61 451 后肺lung 72 0 94 452 纵隔mediastinal 71 50 48 453 高碳酸血症hypercapnia 71 9 25 454 失败failure 71 446 469 455 p值p 71 21 457 456 温石棉chrysotile 70 3 10 457 病因causes 70 343 61 458 上清液supernatant 70 623 899 459 支气管扩症bronchiectasis 70 4 28 460 栓塞治疗embolization 69 7 42 461 嗜酸细胞eosinophils 69 20 62 462 名健康healthy 69 0 89 463 豚鼠气道airway 69 0 78 464 重型severe 69 59 469 465 用力呼气量fev 68 0 6 466 康复期patients 68 9 70 467 利多卡因lidocaine 68 57 51 468 卡氏pneumocystis 68 0 27 469 介质mediators 68 592 67 470 肺部真菌fungal 68 0 287 471 中重度moderate 67 10 848 472 病理学pathological 67 157 198 473 激动剂agonist 67 66 403 474 嗜酸粒细胞eosinophils 67 13 62 475 气道高反应性asthma 67 12 234 476 膈疝hernia 66 4 34 477 革兰阴性杆菌gram-negative 66 18 68 478 细胞数cells 66 31 114479 通气模式ventilation 65 0 449 480 结核菌tuberculosis 65 21 240编号中文英文使用频度中文查询频度英文查询频度481 喘息asthmatic 65 28 28 482 依从compliance 65 8 1530 483 免疫治疗immunotherapy 65 31 22 484 功能衰竭failure 65 8 469 485 病毒感染infection 65 57 316 486 单核细胞monocyte 64 167 117 487 他唑巴坦tazobactam 64 16 26 488 山莨菪碱anisodamine 64 11 10 489 结核分支杆菌tuberculosis 64 6 240 490 反应性responsiveness 64 69 160 491 肺炎组pneumonia 63 0 153 492 红细胞blood 62 245 84 493 期哮喘asthma 62 0 234 494 纤维支气管镜检查bronchoscopy 62 4 12 495 变应性鼻炎allergic 62 14 158 496 血清总ige ige 61 0 13 497 老年肺炎pneumonia 61 0 153 498 冠心病disease 61 543 138 499 溶栓治疗thrombolytic 61 25 38 500 阴影shadow 61 82 144 501 气道airway 61 0 78 502 蛋白沉积proteinosis 60 4 2 503 蛋白沉积症proteinosis 60 0 2 504 救治patients 60 41 70 505 石棉asbestos 60 111 136 506 细胞和cells 60 0 114 507 气流airflow 60 166 49 508 结核抗体tuberculosis 60 7 240 509 危重severe 60 16 469 510 疫苗vaccine 60 241 201 511 栓塞术embolization 59 0 42 512 健康者healthy 59 8 89 513 穿刺活检biopsy 59 22 200 514 感染者infection 59 43 316515 特异性ige ige 58 0 13 516 吸入治疗inhalation 58 0 240 517 辅助通气ventilation 58 0 449 518 病原体pathogens 58 132 265 519 单胞菌maltophilia 58 5 13 520 感染组infection 58 5 316 521 为p p 58 0 457 522 变应性哮喘asthma 57 0 234 523 万古霉素vancomycin 57 64 75 524 杯状细胞goblet 57 14 37 525 头孢噻肟cefotaxime 57 27 120 526 炎症介质inflammatory 57 57 528 527 卵白蛋白ovalbumin 56 0 96 528 哮喘急性发作期asthma 56 0 234 529 分泌物secretion 56 100 272 530 哮喘治疗asthma 56 0 234 531 综合症syndrome 56 54 288 532 性假瘤inflammatory 56 0 528 533 睡眠结构sleep 56 0 82 534 吸烟组smoking 55 0 32 535 静脉滴注intravenous 55 116 266 536 地塞米松组dexamethasone 55 3 153 537 第二second 55 412 163 538 纤维化程度fibrosis 55 0 109 539 igm抗体igm 54 0 27 540 尿激酶治疗urokinase 54 0 31 541 肺部疾病diseases 53 7 26 542 金属蛋白酶metalloproteinase-9 53 21 0 543 组总total 53 0 417 544 弹性蛋白酶elastase 53 8 56 545 心肺cardiopulmonary 53 5 42 546 依从性compliance 53 83 1530 547 百分率percentage 53 85 312 548 凝血酶thrombin 52 51 146 549 发病过程pathogenesis 52 29 442 550 抗菌药物antibiotics 52 122 247 551 扎鲁司特zafirlukast 52 0 13552 沙美特罗salmeterol 52 5 20 553 淋巴结lymph 52 108 68 554 糖皮质激素治疗glucocorticoid 52 0 109 555 变异型variant 51 0 626 556 气管切开tracheotomy 51 48 12 557 烟雾smoke 51 50 66 558 人工artificial 51 573 310 559 血栓embolism 51 157 52 560 患者痰sputum 51 0 56 561 尘螨mite 51 11 95 562 为sars sars 51 0 88 563 嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌maltophilia 50 7 13 564 革兰阳性gram-positive 50 4 46 565 组织病理pathological 50 19 198 566 中度哮喘asthma 50 0 234 567 睡眠呼吸sleep 50 0 82 568 哮喘发作期asthma 50 0 234 569 卡氏肺pneumocystis 50 0 27 570 细胞cells 50 83 114 571 发病机理pathogenesis 50 102 442 572 全血blood 50 30 84 573 发作期哮喘asthma 49 0 234 574 阿米卡amikacin 49 0 51 575 变异性variant 49 42 626 576 功能不全patients 49 12 70 577 结核杆菌tuberculosis 48 35 240 578 前胶原procollagen 48 3 22 579 转染cells 48 153 114 580 咳痰expectoration 48 46 16 编号中文英文使用频率中文查询度英文查询度582 支气管哮喘发作asthma 48 0 234583 羟脯氨酸hydroxyproline 48 26 62584 特异性igg igg 48 0 69585 注入instillation 47 0 38586 慢性炎症inflammation 47 19 346587 白细胞介素-8 il-8 47 0 7588 糖皮质激素受体glucocorticoid 47 8 109589 混合感染infection 47 47 316 590 黏液mucus 47 18 117 591 中il il 47 0 275 592 重度哮喘asthma 47 0 234 593 假瘤pseudotumor 46 0 3 594 ards模型ards 46 0 25 595 肺循环pulmonary 46 9 250 596 克雷伯杆菌klebsiella 46 6 64 597 肺顺应性compliance 46 3 1530 598 减低patients 46 36 70 599 氟替卡松fluticasone 46 10 20 600 血液中blood 46 5 84 601 使用抗生素antibiotics 46 5 247 602 肺移植lung 46 8 94 603 误诊为misdiagnosed 46 6 0 604 受体激动剂agonist 45 16 403 605 肺泡上皮alveolar 45 0 118 606 重建remodeling 45 184 99 607 性感染infection 45 0 316 608 血清il-8 il-8 45 0 7 609 米卡星amikacin 45 0 51 610 肺孢子虫pneumocystis 45 0 27 611 抗凝anticoagulation 45 86 49 612 罗红霉素roxithromycin 45 79 61 613 阿米卡星amikacin 45 30 51 614 卡介苗bcg 45 52 29 615 肺性pulmonary 45 0 250 616 胸部x x 45 0 74 617 病例组patients 45 22 70 618 血清ige ige 44 0 13 619 母牛分枝杆菌mycobacterium 44 0 71 620 分辨率hrct 44 1167 562患者年龄patients 44 5 70 1622 疑似suspected 44 74 99 623 军团legionella 44 12 46 624 支扩bronchiectasis 44 0 28625 形态lung 44 1281 94 626 气雾剂aerosol 44 62 299 627 性哮喘asthma 44 0 234 628 纤溶fibrinolysis 44 27 43 629 肺炎性inflammatory 44 0 528 630 性疾病disease 44 3 138 631 肺性脑病pulmonary 43 8 250 632 调节性regulatory 43 12 806 633 军团菌legionella 43 37 46 634 特异性抗体antibody 43 19 147 635 尸检autopsy 43 28 85 636 控制通气ventilation 43 0 449 637 阻塞性肺气肿emphysema 43 10 74 638 序贯疗法sequential 43 11 599 639 轻中度mild 43 11 482 640 不明unknown 42 35 41 641 合胞syncytial 42 0 52 642 脓胸empyema 42 14 21 643 呼吸性respiratory 42 5 387 644 肺匀浆lung 42 0 94 645 支气管平滑肌bronchial 42 3 50 646 盐酸氨溴索ambroxol 42 12 22 647 p值均p 42 0 457 648 lps刺激lps 42 0 104 649 心衰failure 42 59 469 650 头孢呋辛cefuroxime 42 24 55 651 肥厚thickening 42 30 46 652 矽肺病silicosis 42 4 19 653 痰结核菌sputum 41 0 56 654 支气管肺lung 41 0 94 655 大呼气expiratory 41 0 8 656 特布他林terbutaline 41 10 30 657 脱氨deaminase 41 19 37 658 转阴negative 41 13 1247 659 地塞米松治疗dexamethasone 41 0 153 660 型前胶原procollagen 41 0 22 661 异丙酚propofol 41 79 138662 支气管镜bronchoscope 41 20 2 663 血清il-6 il-6 41 0 17 664 球菌cocci 41 44 45 665 肺活量vc 41 20 93 666 渗出性exudative 41 7 19 667 标志patients 41 911 70 668 衣原体感染chlamydia 41 4 56 669 血液流变学patients 40 108 70 670 炎症性inflammatory 40 13 528 671 例分别patients 40 0 70 672 孢子虫carinii 40 10 10 673 血红素heme 40 37 154 674 复recruitment 40 0 539 675 俯卧prone 40 25 362 676 疫情tuberculosis 39 96 240 677 血流blood 39 40 84 678 复查patients 39 190 70 679 组p p 39 0 457 680 氏肺孢子虫carinii 39 0 10 681 类细胞因子cytokines 39 0 452 682 转归outcome 39 85 864 683 白三烯受体leukotriene 39 0 98 684 单克隆antibody 39 38 147 685 抗体igg igg 39 5 69 686 hrct表现hrct 39 0 5 687 老年性senile 39 20 48 688 粒细胞cells 38 28 114 689 志愿者healthy 38 320 89 690 进行性progressive 38 35 468 691 病原学pathogens 38 49 265 692 吸入性inhalation 38 4 240 693 脱氨酶deaminase 38 5 37 694 动脉栓塞术embolization 38 0 42 695 培养上清液supernatants 38 33 94。
呼吸内科英语词汇汇总
呼吸内科英语词汇汇总 English Answer:Pulmonary System Terminology.Anatomy.Lungs: Pulmones.Bronchi: Bronchi.Bronchioles: Bronchioli.Alveoli: Alveoli.Pleura: Pleura.Diaphragm: Diaphragma.Physiology.Ventilation: Ventilatio.Perfusion: Perfusio.Diffusion: Diffusio.Gas Exchange: Excambium gassosum.Respiratory Muscles: Musculi respiratio.Pathology.Asthma: Asthma.Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Morbus pulmonum obstructivus chronicus (COPD)。
Pneumonia: Pneumonia.Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis.Lung Cancer: Carcinoma pulmonum.Diagnosis.Spirometry: Spirometria.Chest X-ray: Radiographia thoracis.Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: Computata tomographia (CT)。
Bronchoscopy: Broncoscopia.Lung Biopsy: Biopsia pulmonis.Treatment.Bronchodilators: Bronchodilatantia.Inhalers: Inhalatores.Antibiotics: Antibiotica.Antifungals: Antimycotica.Surgery: Chirurgia.Symptoms.Shortness of Breath: Dyspnoea.Chest Pain: Dolor thoracis.Cough: Tussis.Wheezing: Sibilus.Hemoptysis: Haemoptysis.Related Terms.Pulmonary Embolism: Embolia pulmonalis.Respiratory Failure: Insufficientia respiratoria.Sleep Apnea: Apnoea somni.Lung Transplantation: Transplantatio pulmonis. Chinese Answer：呼吸内科英语词汇汇总。
呼吸内科常用英语全
询问病史 12case historyYou need to get a detailed history including the timing and acuity of onset, exacerbating and alleviating factors and environment triggers to help you confirm a diagnosis or discard other diseases /develop a differential diagnosis. Ask your patient whether there is a history of tobacco use, or other toxic and environmental exposures and his occupational history.General/biographical,baiu'ɡrfik,-kl data传记,marital婚姻status, nativity出生, occupation, informant提供消息的人, time of admission and record, chief complaint, history of present illness, previous health statuswell, ordinary or bad, any infectious diseases, allergic history, history of trauma or surgery, smoking about how many years, average how many pieces per day, ceased for how many years, alcohol intakeoccasional or frequent,spouse’s spaus 配偶health status, menorrhea,men'ri:月经menarche me'nɑ:ki:, m- 初潮 age , cycle lasting for how many days, menstrual cycle, last menstruation period or age of menopause, any menstrual'menstrul 月经周期 pain or irregular cycle, childbearing or pregnancy times , natural labor, abortions流产 ,premature,prem'tju, ,pri:- delivery早产, stillbirths 死产, difficult labor, family history any congenital先天性 diseases, father and mother: still alive, illness ,or cause of death, siblings兄弟姐妹 and children常用的症状 symptomsfeverCough 咳嗽Sputum dry, purulent'pjurjulnt脓性的, copious'kupis green sputum大量绿色痰,tenacious ti'neis, t- yellow sputum 黄粘痰,frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰,rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezingDyspnea during exertion iɡ'z:n or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea:'θpni端坐呼吸Paroxysmal,prk'sizml nocturnal nk't:nl dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath SOBChest tightness 胸部紧迫感Exercise intolerancepleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛Pharyngalgia frin'gldi ; pharyngodynia,fri'ɡdini咽痛Hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳Sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise m'leiz不舒服myalgia mai'ldi 肌痛insomnia in'smni失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia dis'funi发声困难常见的体征 physical signsclubbed fingers杵状指: increased longitudinal,lndi'tju:dinl and transverse横向 curvature'k:vt弯曲 ,loss of concave'knkeiv凹面的 nail fold angle, bogginess of nail bed and increased soft tissue bulk of distal phalanx 'flks, 'fei-趾骨,指骨, drumstick- likenicotine stainingcyanosis,sai'nusis发绀:blue discolouration of mucosal membranes and skin ,caused when mean capillary concentration of deoxyhemoglobin di:,ksi'hemu,ɡlubin去氧血红蛋白 more than 5g/dl, O2 saturation less than 85%,PaO2 less than 8KPaperipheral p'rifrl外围的,次要的 cyanosis: cold blue peripheries, . nail beds due to cold exposurescentral cyanosis: warm peripheries, blue tongue or lipshand flap: due to CO2 retention潴留asterixis 扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicula锁骨上的r kl'vikjul and axillary k'silri腋窝 lymph nodesincreased respiratory ratetachycardia 心动过速pulsus paradoxus: >10 mmHg ↓on inspiration seen in severe asthmabarrel chesthyperexpanded, decreased expansionkyphosis kai'fusis驼背,脊柱后凸Inspection:tachypnea ,tkip'ni:呼吸急促accessory muscles of respiration,resp'rein: sternocleidomastoid'st:nu,klaid'mstid 胸锁乳突肌muscle, arm support, alae flaringwide or narrow intercostal,int'kstl 肋间的 spacetactile触觉的 vocal声音的 fremitus震颤触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:resonance清音dullness浊音flatness实音hyperresonance过清音tympany/timp2ni/鼓音lower borders: scapular'skpjul肩胛的line X left/right intercostal,int'kstl 肋间的 spacerange of mobility mu'bilti移动Auscultation,:skl'tein:听诊vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridor'straid 喘鸣 , crackles'krkl发出细碎的爆裂声, Velcro-like soundesmoist rales : coarse粗的, medium中等的, fine好的, crepitus捻发音pleural friction rubscomplete absence of breath soundsankle edemaweight loss,cachexia k'keksi恶病质,cachectic k'kektik恶病质的decreased food appetite, loss of appetite, anorexia,n'reksi食欲减退常做的检查 examinations or laboratory findingsto take ,undergo, perform ,receive or havetemperature charts 体温图take one’s body temperaturesputum pot 痰盂Blood/urine/stool routine, occult'klt/ blood test潜隐血试验Blood biochemistrySputum /blood culture and drug sensitivity testsputum cytology sai'tldi细胞学Pulse oximeter k'simit脉氧计：continuous monitoring of blood oxygen saturationArterial blood gas analysisABG: arterial blood sampling , radial/ femoral'femrl股骨的 artery puncture穿刺PaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood hypercarbiaPaO2: partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood hypoxemia,haipk'si:mi血氧不足respiratory failure:type 1: decreased O2 supply, PaO2＜60 mmHgmillimeters of mercury'm:kjuri汞due to diffusion failure or V/Q dismatch ventilation-perfusionquotientratiopulmonary edema, pneumonia, infarction, fibrosis,or pulmonary embolism,pulmonary hypertension, shunttype 2: decreased CO2 removal, PaCO2＞50 mmHgmillimeters of mercurydue to alveolar ventilation failureobstructive: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasisrestrictive: neuromuscular,njuru'mskjul神经肌肉 sedatives'sdtiv镇静剂myasthenia,mais'θi:ni肌无力, structural'strktrl结构的ankylosing spondylitis,ki'luzi,spndi'laitis强直性脊柱炎, pleural diseases ,obesity Chest X-ray/radiograph:reticulo-nodular shadowing reticular ri'tikjul网状的, linear'lini线状的, military nodules粟粒样结节coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔：amphoric'mfrik空翁音的breathing like blowing over a bottle topopacification u,psifi'kein浑浊：consolidation air space infiltrate:confluent'knflunt支流的,汇合的 shadowing and air bronchogramf支气管造影collapse: lobarupper, middle/lingual, lowersegmental atelactasis肺不张pleural effusionmediastinal,mi:dis'tainl纵隔 mass: thyroid ,thymomaθai'mum胸腺瘤, teratoma,ter'tum畸胎瘤, TB lymph nodes,terrible diagnoses including lymphoma lim'fum淋巴瘤 and aneurysm 动脉瘤Chest CT scan computed tomographyHead MRImagnetic resonance imagingPET-CT of the whole bodypositron-emission tomography'pzitrn正电子Abdominal ultrasound'ltrsaund超声skin prick test 皮肤点刺试验dust mites尘螨,pollen花粉,cockroach 蟑螂tuberculin skin test purified protein derivative di'rivtiv纯蛋白衍生物of tuberculin test, PPD testPulmonary function test : Spirometry spai'rmitri呼吸量测定法,肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases: airflow limitationFEV1/FVC FVC RV and TLC KCO< ↓ ↑ ↓restrictive lung diseases: decreased lung compliance and small lung volumesintraparenchymal > ↓↓ ↓ ↓extraparenchymal variable ↓↓ ↓ normalFEV1: forced expiratory iks'pairtri/ volume in 1 secondFVC: force vital capacityTLC: total lung capacityRV: residual volumeKCO: transfer factor diffusion ratePEFR: peak expiratory flow rateflow-volume loop inspiration and expiration,ekspi'reinbronchoprovocation/challenge test,prv'kein 支气管激发试验：histamine'histmmin组胺or methacholine乙酰甲胆碱-inhalation,inh'lein bronchodilatation,dail'tein支气管舒张试验: salbutamol沙丁胺醇sl'bju:tm:lfiberoptic bronchoscopy br'kskpi: biopsy'bai,psi活组织检查bronchial brush samples for pathological examation, bronchial washings bronchoalveolar lavage BALprotected specimen brush PStransthoracic,trnsθ'rsik,经胸廓的percutaneous needle aspiration,sp'rein吸引术percutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance for peripheraltumoursvideo-assisted thoracoscopic-guidedθ'rkskup 胸腔镜 lung biopsyopen lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram ECG心电图echocardiogram心动图V/Q isotope'aisutup 同位素 scan ventilation/perfusion scanningspiral螺旋 CT/MRA Magnetic Resonance Angiography,ndi'ɡrfi血管造影术pulmonary angiographyDoppler'dpl 多普勒 USS thighθai大腿 and pelvis'pelvis 骨盆 USS: ultrasound scanningcardiac monitorPSG polysommography常见的病名 diseasesacute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染common cold 普通感冒influenza 流感,influ'enzpharynigitis 咽炎pharyngalgia frin'gldi咽痛acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia CAP 社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia HAP 医院获得性肺炎nosocomical pneumonia NP 医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease acute exacerbating AECOPD COPD急性发作bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘allergic rhinitis rai'naitis过敏性鼻炎respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous'skweims cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌'dnu,kɑ:si'numbronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma SCLC小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤m'tstsispulmonary embolism PE 肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism PTE 肺血栓栓塞症,θrmbu'emblizmpulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸,empai'i:mpneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸'paiu,nju:mu'θ:rkschronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病'spjurtiv, -reitivcongenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病,sai'ntikcor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病'k:,pum'nlipulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病en,sef'lpθiright heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化,idi'pθikcryptogenic,kriptu'denik 隐源性的 fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupus'lju:ps狼疮 erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮rheumatoid arthritis, RA 类风湿性关节炎systemic sclerosis, SSc 系统性硬化scleroderma 硬皮病sjoren’s syndrome 感知综合征polymyositis 多发性肌炎dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病,sɑ:ki'dusisPulmonary alveolar proteinosis,prutii'nusis, PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis 'hi:mu,sid'rusis, ,hem-特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病'ɡrnju,lum'tusis Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿,i:sin'filikHistiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺'nju:m,kuni'usisdrug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis,sp:di'lusis曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ABPApleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘'fistjuloral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病,鹅口疮,kndi'daisisosteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaucoma 青光眼cataract白内障acute lung injury ,ALI 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria 荨麻疹eczema 湿疹hypertension 高血压diabetes 糖尿病常用的药物 drugs or agentsbe administered, treat sb. withempirical 经验性的, prophylactic,prfi'lktik, ,pru-预防性, remedial ri'mi:dil治疗性Expectorant 祛痰药eks'pektrntMucolytics 粘液溶解剂,mju:ku'litikbronchodilator支气管扩张剂,brkudai'leitB2-agonists'ɡnist兴奋剂: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇sl'bju:tm:llong-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗muscarinic,msk'rinik 毒蕈碱样的antagonists n'tɡnist对抗剂: ipratropium bromide'brumaid 异丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶碱,mi:nu'fili:nsteroids'stirid类固醇inhaled: budesonide 布地奈德, beclomethasone,beklu'meθsun倍氯米松,fluticasone氟替卡松systemic: prednisolone'pred'nislun 强的松poper os., hydrocortisone,haidru'k:tizun氢化可的松iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠leukotriene,lju:ku'train白三烯 receptor antagonists: montelukast 孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants:lobelinenikethamide ni'keθmaid, -mid尼可刹米cardiac tonic 强心剂diuretics 利尿剂,daiju'retikalbumin 白蛋白'lbjuminantitussive agents 镇咳药,nti'tsivammonium chloride 氯化铵'munjm铵'kl:raid氯化物ambroxol 氨溴索 mucosolvan 沐舒坦Pantoloc潘妥洛克常用的治疗措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae'knjuli:鼻导管, Venturi ven'tjuri文里氏 face-mask nebulizer'nebjulaiz喷雾器: finer particle size 3 to 20um allows tracheobronchial depositionmetered dose inhaler MDI定量雾化吸入器continuous positive airway pressure CPAP-tight-fitting mask non-invasiveintermittent positive-pressure ventilation IPPVnon-invasive positive-pressure ventilation NIPPVmechanical ventilation: non-invasive or invasivevia intubation,intju:'bein插管 ,tracheostomy ,trki'stmi, ,trei-气管造口术,tracheotomy,trki'tmi, ,trei-气管切开术synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步间歇指令通气pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术,θ:rksen't esischest drain/drainage 引流术chemotherapy 化疗radiation therapy 放疗pneumonectomy 肺切除术,nju:mu'nektmilobectomy of lung,pulmonary lobectomy肺叶切除术lu'bektmi叶切除术thoracotomy 开胸术,胸廓切开术,θ:r'ktmipleurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurectomy 胸膜切除术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术inferior vena cava filter 下腔静脉过滤器常见的疾病chornic bronchitis: procuctive cough, most days of 3 months of the year, for at least 2 consecutive years, cough with white or purulent sputumbronchiectasis:cystic'sistik囊性的/varicose'vrikus曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样hemoptysisphysiotherapy: chest wall percussion wirh head-down postural'pstrl drainagelong term oxygen inhalation : to prevent cor pulmonalemedical: bronchodilators, mucolytics, rotating courses of antibioticssurgical: resection, artery embolization for hemoptysislung abscessusually on right side, as right bronchus is shorter and more vertical;in the supine'sju:pain仰卧patient , abscess develops in apical lower lobe or posterial upper lobe.pneumothoraxaccumulation of air in pleural space, with secondary partial collapse of subpleural胸膜下的 bleb bleb大疱 rupture 'rpt破裂lactrogenic: positive pressure ventilation, bronchoscopy br'kskpi 支气管镜检查 ,esp. biopsytypes: closed, open, tensionmediastinal deviation :trachea and apex'eipeks尖端shiftcontralaterally对立的旁边CXR: translucency trnz'lju:snsi半透明+collapse倒塌: visible rim边缘 between lung and chest wall＞2 cmcentimeter =＞50% lung volume loss aspiration ,sp'rein吸引术,intercostal drainrefractory or recurrent周期性的: pleurodesis胸膜固定术, pleurectomy plu'rektmi胸膜切除术, bulla'bul 大疱 stapling装订 or lasering 激光pleural effusionchest pain and progressively worsening of shortness of breathTransudate,trnsju'deit漏出液：redistribution of Starling forces across microcirculation, diuretics,daiju'retik利尿剂 can result in rapid resolution, protein <30g/Lgram/litre'li:t or pleura: serum'sirm血清 protein <1/2 or pleura: serum LDH<2/3;often seen in cardiac failure, hypoalbuminemia,haipul,bju:m'ni:mi 低蛋白血症, embolism, superior or inferior vena cava obstruction, hypothyroidism .,haipu'θairidizm甲状腺功能低下Exudate'eksjudeit渗出液：capillary permeability,p:mi'biliti 渗透increases or lymph drainage decreasesoften seen in infection ,neoplasia,ni:u'pleizi, -i瘤形成, surgery or trauma.CXR: meniscus mi'nisks弯液面-shaped,rises towards axilla k'sil腋温Appearance: clear ,straw淡黄色的-coloured: suggests transduateturbid't:bid浑浊的, green: indicates exudatespus ps脓cells or empyema,empai'i:m积脓症 bacterial infectionbloody haemothorax,hi:mu'θ:rks血胸: tumor ,pulmonary embolism, acute pancreatitis'pnkri'taitis胰腺炎, traumawhite chylothorax,kailu'θ:rks乳糜胸：lymph ,blocked thoracicθ:'rsik, duct胸导管, usually due to tumourTherapy: transudate: diureticsexudates: repeated drainage thoracocentesisintrathoracic,intrθ'rsik胸廓内的 streptokinase,streptu'kaineis链球菌激酶via chest drain: to lyse lais溶解 fibrinous'faibrins 纤维蛋白的adhesions d'hi:n粘合pleural adhesion: tetracycline,tetr'saiklain四环素. bleomycin,bli:u'maisin博莱霉素lung cancerhoarseness: due to left recurrent屡发的 laryngeal,lrin'di:l 喉的nerve palsy'p:lzi麻痹dysphagia dis'feidi,-di吞咽困难pancoast tumor infiltrates T1 stellate 'stelit, -leit 星形的ganglion'ɡɡlin神经节 resulting in Horner syndromehypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy,stiuɑ:'θrupθi骨关节病superior vena cava obstruction SVCO: headache, shortness of breath; conjunctival e dema, ,kndk'taiv结膜plethora'pleθr, vein dilation,pericardial tamponade,tmp'neid心包填塞JVP↑,ABP↓,quiet HSparaneoplastic syndromes: endocrine ACTH: Cushing’s; B-HCG:gynaecomastia and body hair loss; PTH: hypercalcaemia especially squamous cell carcinoma,skindermatomyositisimmunocompromised . shingles 带状疱疹squamous cell carcinoma: 30% of all primary lung tumours, but decreasing incidence ,relatively good prognosis if localized, squamous metaplasia with keratin whorls, central location, clubbing, hypercalcemia PTH-rp secretionadenocarcinoma: 30%,increasing incidence, esp. women, less association with smoking, poor prognosis, metastasis early, gland-like and mucin-secretion, peripheral location, pleural effusions, hypercoagulable statesmall cell carcinoma:20%,poor prognosis, metastasis occur early, small AUPD cells with neurosecretory granules, central location, paraneoplastic syndromes commonbronchoalveolar cell carcinoma: variant of adenocarcinoma that is associated with chronic lung inflammation , . fibrosing , copious clear mucoid sputumNSCLC: surgical resection possible at first, adjuvant chemotherapySCLC: radiotherapy + chemotherapy etoposide + cisplatinsecondary lung cancer: breast, oesophago/gastric/head-neck+colon if liver metastasis, melanoma, bone sarcoma, thyroid, renal, prostate, ovary, choriocarcinoma, testes etc.obstructive sleep apnoeaobstruction of upper airway occurs at night with loss of muscle tone in sleep, sn oring, sleepiness during day, aponeic spells O2↓,patient awakes from sleep, awakening with nocturia, daytime somnolence, decreased memory and attention, increased accident risk, polycythaemia, systemic hypertension and pulmonary hypertensionCauses: central obesity fat deposition around upper airway leads to airway narrowing, abdominal fat elevates diaphragm,structural features of upper airway nasal obstruction: rhinitis,polyps, deviated sputum; adenotonsillar hypertrophy, micrognathia; macroglossia due to hypothyrodism/amyloid/Down’s; cervical masses: goiter,laryngeal stenosis, smoking exacerabates hypoxia, alcohol acts as a sedative thereby reducing upper airway tone,neuromuscular or CNS diseasesPSG polysommography: overnight sleep studyTherapy: conservative: weight loss, avoid alcohol /smoking/sedatives, avoid supine positioncontinuous positive airway pressure CPAPmandibular advancement device MADadenoidectomy curative in childrenuvulopalatopharyngoplasty悬雍垂-腭-咽成形术maxillomandibular osteotomyobesity-hypoventilation syndrome: collapse of alveoli at end-expiration, decreased compliance due to weight of abdomen and chest wall, central respiratory drive↓常用的化疗药cisplatin 顺铂Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar 盐酸吉西他滨注射剂paclitaxel; taxinol紫杉醇Taxol泰素docetaxel多西他赛泰素帝常见的抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesispenicillin skin testamoxicillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin 头孢菌素类cefradine 头孢拉啶cefaclor 头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦ceftriaxone 头孢曲松cefpiramide 头孢吡啶ceftazidime 头孢他定ceftizoxime 头孢唑污carbopenems 碳青霉烯类azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美罗培南imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亚胺培南/西司他丁钠泰能 tienam Glycopeptides 糖肽类 inhibit cell wall assemblyvancomycin 万古霉素norvancomycin 去甲万古霉素teicoplanin 替考拉林Macrolides大环内酯类： inhibit protein synthesisroxithromycin 罗红霉素clarithromycin 克拉霉素azithromycin 阿奇霉素erythromycin 红霉素Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷类reno- and ototoxicinhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesis amikacin 阿米卡星丁胺卡那gentamicin 庆大霉素streptomycin 链霉素Sulfamido 磺胺类sulfamethoxazole compound Quinolones 喹诺酮类： inhibit DNAgyrase norfloxacin 诺氟沙星ofloxacin 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin 加替沙星moxifloxacin 莫西沙星ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星Tetracycline 四环素类minocycline 美满霉素Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类metronidazole 甲硝唑tinidazole 替硝唑ornidazole 奥硝唑Antitubercular agents抗结核药rifampicin 利福平rifapentine 利福喷丁isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺ethambutol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin 两性霉素 B fluconazole 氟康唑voriconazole 伏立康唑itraconazole 伊曲康唑Antivirus agents ribavirin 利巴韦林oseltamivir 奥司他韦acyclovir 阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦valaciclovir 伐昔洛韦foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid膦甲酸钠可耐lamivudine 拉米夫定entecavir 恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism, microbe 微生物bacterium 细菌lipopolysaccharide LPS脂多糖antibiotics 抗生素pyrogen 致热原exotoxin 外毒素endotoxin 内毒素Gram stain 革兰染色Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位antibacterial agents 抗菌药resistance 耐药性ESBLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱B内酰胺酶MRSA：methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症endotoxemia 内毒素血症septicaemia 败血症pyemia 脓毒血症pathogen 致病原pathogenicity 致病性virulence 毒力median lethal dose LD50 半数致死量median infective dose ID50 半数感染量virus 病毒replication 复制viremia 病毒血症normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiological microbiota 正常微生物群flora disequilibrium 菌群失调dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症opportunistic infection 机会性感染conditioned infection 条件致病性感染endogenous infection 内源性感染exogenous infection 外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibility testing 药物敏感试验minimum inhibitory concentration MIC 最小抑菌浓度minimum bactericidal concentration MBC 最小杀菌浓度disinfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌asepsis 无菌aseptic technique 无菌技术bacteriostasis 抑菌antisepsis 防腐disinfectant 消毒剂bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂bactericide 杀菌剂autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外线isolation precaution 隔离预防artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫vaccination 疫苗接种killed/inactivated vaccine 死/灭活疫苗attentuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗toxoid 类毒素artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫antitoxin 抗毒素gammaglobulin 丙种球蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Viridans streptococci 草绿色链球菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Legionella 军团杆菌属Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Serratia 沙雷菌属Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌Acinebacter 不动杆菌属Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝杆菌属,抗酸杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌Purified protein derivate, PPD Old tuberculin,OT Atypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Anaerobic bacterial 厌氧性细菌Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridum perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridum difficile 艰难梭菌antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia 耶尔森菌属Brucella 布氏菌属Actinomyces 放线菌属Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体苍白密螺旋体Venereal disease reference laboratory VDRL Rapid plasma regain RPR Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体Chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Viruses associated with respiratory infections 呼吸道病毒Influenza virus 流感病毒Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒Coronavirus 冠状病毒Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS Adenovirus 腺病毒Rubella virus风疹病毒Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Enterovirus 肠道病毒Rotavirus 轮状病毒hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒Encephalitis B virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热Herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB病毒Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human papillomaviruses, HPV 人乳头状瘤病毒Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS Human T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人T 淋巴细胞病毒Adult T-cell leukemia 成人T细胞性白血病Rabies virus 风疹病毒Fungus 真菌Yeast 酵母Spore 孢子Hypha 菌丝Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌Trichophyton 毛癣菌属Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属Tinea 癣Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosis 组织胞浆菌病Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌,白色念珠菌Candidiasis 念珠菌病Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP 卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus 曲霉菌Mucor 毛霉菌属。
呼吸内科专业英语
呼吸科英语Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析Anaemia 贫血Alveolar 肺泡的antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis 肺不张Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist B2受体激动剂Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion and auscultation 叩／听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiopsy 活检Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop：bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查CCAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed finger 杵状指dry cough 干咳Cyanosis 紫绀Nonproductive cough 干咳Complication 并发症DDyspnea 呼吸困难Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断EEmphysema 肺气肿pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Acid base equolibrium 酸碱平衡etiology 病因学Emphysematous 肺大泡Expectoration 吐痰Exacerbation 加重Endogenous内生的Exogenous 外生的FInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化GGM+ Gram stain positiveGm- Gram stain negativeHHypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Hemoptysis 咯血Hemorrhage 出血HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology 组织学Hypoxia 缺氧IIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal 气管内的Intravenous 静脉内的NNoninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气OOSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征PPulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音Pneumonia 肺炎Pneumothorax 气胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比Pleura 胸腔积液Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test 激发试验Parenchymal 实质的（insterstial间质的）Plumonary edema 肺水肿Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎2/3Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎RMoist rales 湿罗音Dry rales 干罗音SSaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度Short of breath 气短Syncope 晕厥Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段TTuberculosis 结核病Tachypnea 气促Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查UUpper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染WWheeze 哮鸣音其他facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰release of bronchial spasm 解痉细菌steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌legionella 军团菌mycoplasma 支原体chlamydia 衣原体pneumococcus 肺炎球菌video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided[θɔ'rækəskəup]胸腔镜lung biopsyopen lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram (ECG)心电图echocardiogram超声心动图V/Q isotope['aisəutəup]同位素scan ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)spiral螺旋CT/MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography[,ændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]血管造影术) pulmonary angiographyDoppler['dɔplə]多普勒USS thigh[θai]大腿and pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆(USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitorPSG( polysommography)常见的病名diseasesacute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染common cold 普通感冒influenza 流感[,influ'enzə]pharynigitis 咽炎pharyngalgia[færin'gældʒiə]咽痛acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎4/14pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (acute exacerbating) AECOPD COPD急性发作bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘allergic rhinitis[rai'naitis]过敏性鼻炎respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous['skweiməs] cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌['ædənəu,kɑ:si'nəumə]bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤[mə'tæstəsis]pulmonary embolism （PE）肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症[,θrɔmbəu'embəlizəm]pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸[,empai'i:mə] pneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸['paiəu,nju:məu'θɔ:ræks]chronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病['sʌpjuərətiv, -reitiv]congenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病[,saiə'nɔtik]cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病['kɔ:,pumə'næli]pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病[en,sefə'lɔpəθi]right heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化[,idiə'pæθik]cryptogenic[,kriptəu'dʒenik]隐源性的fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupus['lju:pəs]狼疮erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病[,sɑ:kɔi'dəusis]Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[,prəutii'nəusis], PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis ['hi:məu,sidə'rəusis, ,hem-]特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病['ɡrænju,ləumə'təusis]Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:əsinə'filik]Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺['nju:mə,kəuni'əusis]drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis[æ,spə:dʒi'ləusis]曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) pleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘['fistjulə]oral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮[,kændi'daiəsis]osteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaucoma 青光眼cataract白内障acute lung injury ，ALI 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria 荨麻疹eczema 湿疹hypertension 高血压diabetes 糖尿病be administered, treat sb. with empirical 经验性的, prophylactic[,prɔfi'læktik,,prəu-]预防性, remedial[ri'mi:diəl]治疗性Expectorant 祛痰药[eks'pektərənt]Mucolytics 粘液溶解剂[,mju:kəu'litik]常用的药物drugs or agentsbronchodilator支气管扩张剂[,brɔŋkəudai'leitə]B2-agonists['æɡənist]兴奋剂: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sæl'bju:təmɔ(:)l]long-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗muscarinic[,mʌskə'rinik]毒蕈碱样的antagonists[æn'tæɡənist]对抗剂: ipratropium bromide['brəumaid]异丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶碱[ə,mi:nəu'fili:n]steroids['stiərɔid]类固醇inhaled: budesonide 布地奈po(per 德，os)., beclomethasone[,bekləu'meθəsəun]倍氯米松，fluticasone氟替卡松systemic: prednisolone['pred'nisələun]强的松hydrocortisone[,haidrəu'kɔ:tizəun]氢化可的松iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠leukotriene[,lju:kəu'traiən]白三烯receptor antagonists: montelukast孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants:lobeline6/14nikethamide[ni'keθəmaid, -mid]尼可刹米cardiac tonic 强心剂diuretics 利尿剂[,daijuə'retik]albumin 白蛋白['ælbjumin] antitussive agents 镇咳药[,ænti'tʌsiv]ammonium chloride 氯化铵[ə'məunjəm]铵['klɔ:raid]氯化物ambroxol 氨溴索（mucosolvan 沐舒坦）Pantoloc潘妥洛克常用的治疗措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae['kænjuli:]鼻导管，Venturi[ven'tjuəri]文里氏face-mask nebulizer['nebjulaizə]喷雾器: finer particle size (3 to 20um) allows tracheobronchial depositionmetered dose inhaler (MDI)定量雾化吸入器via intubation[,intju:'beiʃən]插管，tracheostomy [,træki'ɔstəmi,,trei-]气管造口术，tracheotomy[,træki'ɔtəmi, ,trei-]气管切开术)synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步间歇指令通气pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术[,θɔ:rəkəsen'tesis] chest drain/drainage 引流术chemotherapy 化疗radiation therapy 放疗pneumonectomy 肺切除术[,nju:məu'nektəmi]lobectomy of lung，pulmonary lobectomy肺叶切除术[ləu'bektəmi]叶切除术thoracotomy 开胸术，胸廓切开术[,θɔ:rə'kɔtəmi]pleurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurectomy 胸膜切除术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术inferior vena cava filter 下腔静脉过滤器cystic['sistik]囊性的/varicose['værikəus]曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样hemoptysisdeviation :trachea and apex ['eipeks]尖端shift contralaterally对立的旁边CXR: translucency [trænz'lju:sənsi]半透明+collapse倒塌: visible rim边缘refractory or recurrent周期性的: pleurodesis胸膜固定术, pleurectomy[plu'rektəmi]胸膜切除术, bulla['bulə]大疱stapling装订or lasering激光常用的化疗药9/14cisplatin 顺铂Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar (盐酸吉西他滨注射剂) paclitaxel; taxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）docetaxel多西他赛（泰素帝）常见的抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesispenicillin skin testamoxicillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin 头孢菌素类cefradine 头孢拉啶cefaclor 头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦ceftriaxone 头孢曲松cefpiramide 头孢吡啶ceftazidime 头孢他定ceftizoxime 头孢唑污carbopenems 碳青霉烯类azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美罗培南imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亚胺培南/西司他丁钠（泰能tienam）Glycopeptides 糖肽类inhibit cell wall assembly vancomycin 万古霉素norvancomycin 去甲万古霉素teicoplanin 替考拉林Macrolides大环内酯类：inhibit protein synthesis roxithromycin 罗红霉素clarithromycin 克拉霉素azithromycin 阿奇霉素erythromycin 红霉素Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷类reno- and ototoxic inhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesis amikacin 阿米卡星（丁胺卡那）gentamicin 庆大霉素streptomycin 链霉素Sulfamido 磺胺类sulfamethoxazole compound (SMZ.CO)Quinolones 喹诺酮类：inhibit DNA gyrasenorfloxacin 诺氟沙星ofloxacin 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin 加替沙星moxifloxacin 莫西沙星ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星Tetracycline 四环素类minocycline 美满霉素Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类metronidazole 甲硝唑tinidazole 替硝唑ornidazole 奥硝唑Antitubercular agents抗结核药rifampicin 利福平rifapentine 利福喷丁isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺ethambutol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin 两性霉素Bfluconazole 氟康唑voriconazole 伏立康唑itraconazole 伊曲康唑Antivirus agentsribavirin 利巴韦林oseltamivir 奥司他韦acyclovir 阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦valaciclovir 伐昔洛韦foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid膦甲酸钠（可耐）lamivudine 拉米夫定entecavir 恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism, microbe 微生物bacterium 细菌lipopolysaccharide （LPS）脂多糖antibiotics 抗生素pyrogen 致热原exotoxin 外毒素endotoxin 内毒素Gram stain 革兰染色Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位antibacterial agents 抗菌药resistance 耐药性ESBLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱B内酰胺酶MRSA：methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症11/14endotoxemia 内毒素血症septicaemia 败血症pyemia 脓毒血症pathogen 致病原pathogenicity 致病性virulence 毒力median lethal dose (LD50) 半数致死量median infective dose (ID50) 半数感染量virus 病毒replication 复制viremia 病毒血症normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiological microbiota 正常微生物群flora disequilibrium 菌群失调dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症opportunistic infection 机会性感染conditioned infection 条件致病性感染endogenous infection 内源性感染exogenous infection 外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibility testing 药物敏感试验minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 最小抑菌浓度minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) 最小杀菌浓度disinfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌asepsis 无菌aseptic technique 无菌技术bacteriostasis 抑菌antisepsis 防腐disinfectant 消毒剂bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂bactericide 杀菌剂autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外线isolation precaution 隔离预防artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫vaccination 疫苗接种killed/inactivated vaccine 死/灭活疫苗attentuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗toxoid 类毒素artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫antitoxin 抗毒素gammaglobulin 丙种球蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌12/14Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Viridans streptococci 草绿色链球菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Legionella 军团杆菌属Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Serratia 沙雷菌属Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌Acinebacter 不动杆菌属Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝杆菌属，抗酸杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌Purified protein derivate, PPDOld tuberculin,OT Atypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Anaerobic bacterial 厌氧性细菌Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridum perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridum difficile 艰难梭菌antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia 耶尔森菌属Brucella 布氏菌属Actinomyces 放线菌属Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体（苍白密螺旋体）Venereal disease reference laboratory (VDRL)Rapid plasma regain (RPR)Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体Chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Viruses associated with respiratory infections 呼吸道病毒Influenza virus 流感病毒Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒13/14Coronavirus 冠状病毒Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS Adenovirus 腺病毒Rubella virus 风疹病毒Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Enterovirus 肠道病毒Rotavirus 轮状病毒hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒Encephalitis B virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热Herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB病毒Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human papillomaviruses, HPV 人乳头状瘤病毒Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDSHuman T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人T淋巴细胞病毒Adult T-cell leukemia 成人T细胞性白血病Rabies virus 风疹病毒Fungus 真菌Yeast 酵母Spore 孢子Hypha 菌丝Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌Trichophyton 毛癣菌属Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属Tinea 癣Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosis 组织胞浆菌病Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌，白色念珠菌Candidiasis 念珠菌病Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP 卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus 曲霉菌Mucor 毛霉菌属。