国际统计年鉴2018全球世界各国社会经济发展指标：15-3 经常项目差额占GDP的比重

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国际统计世界各国社会发展经济数据：3-13_三次产业对国内生产总值的贡献率(2000-2018)

6.2
36.4 7.7
23.1 48.5 42.1 22.4 93.4 14.3
2.5 17.9①
34.5 9.9
17.1 1.1
22.7 46.1 32.6 63.4① 43.9 26.0
2.6 12.1
7.1 31.8 14.8①
62.2 62.1 58.2 32.0 655.5 25.3 62.6
3-13 三次产业对国内生产总值的贡献率 Share of the Contributions of the Three Strata of Industry to the Increase of GDP
资料来源：世界银行 WDI数据库。 Source: World Bank WDI Database.
54.3
99.6
51.1
43.9
19.9
555.0
35.6
41.2
57.4
58.6
36.3
53.0
22.2
60.1①
71.3
85.5①
65.2
-37.9①
44.5
57.3
54.8
62.3
31.6
73.3
45.6
52.6
52.6
65.2
38.6
62.0
新加坡斯里兰卡泰国越南埃及尼日利亚南非加拿大墨西哥美国阿根廷巴西委内瑞拉捷克法国德国意大利荷兰波兰俄罗斯西班牙土耳其乌克兰英国澳大利亚新西兰
2.7 3.2 -1.0 1.8 -1.9 -3.6① -4.2 2.8 3.7 25.1 -1.3 -3.8 2.3①
37.9 35.0 22.1 50.6 -444.6 63.3 33.8

XX国内外当前世界经济形势论文(2)

XX国内外当前世界经济形势论文(2)摘要：中国经济发展正处于关键转折时期。

从时代背景看，处于“工业化和城市化‘双中期’区间”;从国际背景看，存在中国经济内外平衡问题，中国经济xx年增长10.5%，20XX年增长可能达到9.5%左右。

关键词：经济协调企业决策工业化城市化储备汇率中国经济发展正处于关键转折时期，正处在与联系越来越紧密时期，这就使得我国企业家在做重大决策时，不得不既考虑国内经济环境，也要考虑国际经济变化，还要观察国内外经济的相互影响。

这里，本文就我国经济所处的大阶段、国内外经济的协调、我国经济增长近期预期及挑战等，做一简要的分析。

一、企业决策的时代背景：中国经济发展正处于“工业化和城市化‘双中期’区间”经济发展包括经济增长及由此而产生的社会、及政治结构变化。

我们根据国内外关于经济发展阶段的理论和中国发展阶段的现实，选择了工业化和城市化作为核心指标，同时对比美国经济发展历程，得出我国经济发展处于“工业化和城市化‘双中期’区间”的判断，并在此基础上分析了“‘双中期’区间”中国经济发展的五大特征，概括出我国经济发展的双重性规律，提出了中国经济发展的战略思路。

1、中国经济发展正处于“工业化和城市化‘双中期’区间”作为一个发展中大国，我们认为中国经济发展单纯用工业化阶段或城市化阶段都难以完整地概括，必须同时考虑工业化与城市化。

首先，我们根据对中美经济史的对比分析，得出中国接近于美国工业化中期阶段的结论。

我国第二产业占GDP比重对应于美国1950-1960年的水平，即美国工业化后期阶段，就业比重对应于美国1900年的水平，即其工业化初期阶段;而我国第三产业就业相当于美国1900年，即工业化初期的水平，三产产值占GDP比重相当于美国1870年以前的水平，还达不到工业化初期水平。

只能近似地说，中国现阶段经济处于“工业化中期区间”。

在现有的国内外经济发展阶段理论中，钱纳里的工业化阶段理论是目前应用最广泛的。

1980-2018世界各国GDP来自IMF数据库

Country Subject DescriptorCyprus Gross domestic product, current prices Syria Gross domestic product, current prices United States Gross domestic product, current prices China Gross domestic product, current prices Japan Gross domestic product, current prices Germany Gross domestic product, current prices Brazil Gross domestic product, current prices Russia Gross domestic product, current prices France Gross domestic product, current prices United Kingdom Gross domestic product, current prices India Gross domestic product, current prices Italy Gross domestic product, current prices Canada Gross domestic product, current prices Australia Gross domestic product, current prices Korea Gross domestic product, current prices Mexico Gross domestic product, current prices Spain Gross domestic product, current prices Indonesia Gross domestic product, current prices Turkey Gross domestic product, current prices Netherlands Gross domestic product, current prices Saudi Arabia Gross domestic product, current prices Sweden Gross domestic product, current prices Taiwan Province of China Gross domestic product, current prices Switzerland Gross domestic product, current prices Poland Gross domestic product, current prices Thailand Gross domestic product, current prices Norway Gross domestic product, current prices Argentina Gross domestic product, current prices Belgium Gross domestic product, current prices Colombia Gross domestic product, current prices Islamic Republic of Iran Gross domestic product, current prices Austria Gross domestic product, current prices Malaysia Gross domestic product, current prices South Africa Gross domestic product, current prices Philippines Gross domestic product, current prices United Arab Emirates Gross domestic product, current prices Hong Kong SAR Gross domestic product, current prices Nigeria Gross domestic product, current prices Chile Gross domestic product, current prices Venezuela Gross domestic product, current prices Egypt Gross domestic product, current prices Iraq Gross domestic product, current prices Peru Gross domestic product, current prices Denmark Gross domestic product, current prices Kazakhstan Gross domestic product, current prices Singapore Gross domestic product, current prices Israel Gross domestic product, current prices Finland Gross domestic product, current prices Pakistan Gross domestic product, current prices Greece Gross domestic product, current prices Ukraine Gross domestic product, current prices Ireland Gross domestic product, current pricesPortugal Gross domestic product, current prices Vietnam Gross domestic product, current prices Algeria Gross domestic product, current prices Czech Republic Gross domestic product, current prices New Zealand Gross domestic product, current prices Bangladesh Gross domestic product, current prices Kuwait Gross domestic product, current prices Angola Gross domestic product, current prices Hungary Gross domestic product, current prices Morocco Gross domestic product, current prices Azerbaijan Gross domestic product, current prices Libya Gross domestic product, current prices Slovak Republic Gross domestic product, current prices Ecuador Gross domestic product, current prices Sri Lanka Gross domestic product, current prices Turkmenistan Gross domestic product, current prices Sudan Gross domestic product, current prices Belarus Gross domestic product, current prices Oman Gross domestic product, current prices Myanmar Gross domestic product, current prices Uzbekistan Gross domestic product, current prices Kenya Gross domestic product, current prices Costa Rica Gross domestic product, current prices Croatia Gross domestic product, current prices Dominican Republic Gross domestic product, current prices Ghana Gross domestic product, current prices Guatemala Gross domestic product, current prices Bulgaria Gross domestic product, current prices Luxembourg Gross domestic product, current prices Ethiopia Gross domestic product, current prices Uruguay Gross domestic product, current prices Panama Gross domestic product, current prices Tunisia Gross domestic product, current prices Lithuania Gross domestic product, current prices Lebanon Gross domestic product, current prices Serbia Gross domestic product, current prices Slovenia Gross domestic product, current prices Yemen Gross domestic product, current prices Jordan Gross domestic product, current prices Tanzania Gross domestic product, current prices Paraguay Gross domestic product, current prices Bolivia Gross domestic product, current prices C魌e d'Ivoire Gross domestic product, current prices Latvia Gross domestic product, current prices Cameroon Gross domestic product, current prices Zambia Gross domestic product, current prices Trinidad and Tobago Gross domestic product, current prices Bahrain Gross domestic product, current prices Uganda Gross domestic product, current prices Estonia Gross domestic product, current prices El Salvador Gross domestic product, current prices Afghanistan Gross domestic product, current pricesDemocratic Republic of the Congo Gross domestic product, current prices South Sudan Gross domestic product, current prices Mozambique Gross domestic product, current prices Cambodia Gross domestic product, current prices Bosnia and Herzegovina Gross domestic product, current prices Georgia Gross domestic product, current prices Gabon Gross domestic product, current prices Botswana Gross domestic product, current prices Mongolia Gross domestic product, current prices Honduras Gross domestic product, current prices Republic of Congo Gross domestic product, current prices Jamaica Gross domestic product, current prices Senegal Gross domestic product, current prices Brunei Darussalam Gross domestic product, current prices Zimbabwe Gross domestic product, current prices Iceland Gross domestic product, current prices Burkina Faso Gross domestic product, current prices Namibia Gross domestic product, current prices Mauritius Gross domestic product, current prices Lao P.D.R.Gross domestic product, current prices Albania Gross domestic product, current prices Madagascar Gross domestic product, current prices Mali Gross domestic product, current prices Chad Gross domestic product, current prices Nicaragua Gross domestic product, current prices FYR Macedonia Gross domestic product, current prices Equatorial Guinea Gross domestic product, current prices Tajikistan Gross domestic product, current prices Armenia Gross domestic product, current prices Haiti Gross domestic product, current prices Rwanda Gross domestic product, current prices Moldova Gross domestic product, current prices Benin Gross domestic product, current prices Malta Gross domestic product, current prices Kyrgyz Republic Gross domestic product, current prices Niger Gross domestic product, current prices The Bahamas Gross domestic product, current prices Guinea Gross domestic product, current prices Kosovo Gross domestic product, current prices Suriname Gross domestic product, current prices Mauritania Gross domestic product, current prices Sierra Leone Gross domestic product, current prices Timor-Leste Gross domestic product, current prices Barbados Gross domestic product, current prices Eritrea Gross domestic product, current prices Malawi Gross domestic product, current prices Togo Gross domestic product, current prices Montenegro Gross domestic product, current prices Swaziland Gross domestic product, current prices Fiji Gross domestic product, current prices Burundi Gross domestic product, current prices Bhutan Gross domestic product, current pricesLesotho Gross domestic product, current prices Maldives Gross domestic product, current prices Central African Republic Gross domestic product, current prices Cape Verde Gross domestic product, current prices Liberia Gross domestic product, current prices Djibouti Gross domestic product, current prices San Marino Gross domestic product, current prices Belize Gross domestic product, current prices Antigua and Barbuda Gross domestic product, current prices St. Lucia Gross domestic product, current prices Seychelles Gross domestic product, current prices The Gambia Gross domestic product, current prices Solomon Islands Gross domestic product, current prices Guinea-Bissau Gross domestic product, current prices Vanuatu Gross domestic product, current prices Grenada Gross domestic product, current prices St. Kitts and Nevis Gross domestic product, current prices St. Vincent and the Grenadines Gross domestic product, current prices Comoros Gross domestic product, current prices Samoa Gross domestic product, current prices S鉶 Tom?and Pr韓cipe Gross domestic product, current prices Dominica Gross domestic product, current prices Tonga Gross domestic product, current prices Micronesia Gross domestic product, current prices Marshall Islands Gross domestic product, current prices Kiribati Gross domestic product, current prices Tuvalu Gross domestic product, current prices International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2013Units Scale U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. dollars Billions U.S. 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notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). 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See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). 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See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency).See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency).1980198119821983198419851986198719882.127 2.061 2.132 2.134 2.25 2.43.049 3.6584.21812.9816.65217.41518.64919.17121.17725.42832.49716.538 2,788.153,126.853,253.183,534.603,930.934,217.484,460.054,736.355,100.43 303.365286.979281.28301.803310.686307.017297.59323.973404.149 1,086.991,201.471,116.841,218.111,294.611,384.532,051.062,485.243,015.39 826.142695.074671.155669.573630.853639.695913.6411,136.931,225.73 148.915171.141182.97146.702145.992231.757268.846292.624326.902 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 691.253608.535577.691552.891523.281547.856759.844918.8581,003.21 542.452520.036492.334466.362441.025468.958570.884704.094855.776 181.416195.861202.861219.166220.154227.873250.595276.155302.221 470.04426.26421.268437.165431.921446.033631.723792.881878.449 274.425306.856314.233340.677354.297363.032376.462430.211508.42 162.879188.357186.997179.428197.081174.336181.427213.04271.03364.38572.39977.52485.96294.94598.502113.737143.378192.113226.56290.984211.17172.16203.027215.443149.166163.581200.119 224.368198.921192.168168.068167.607176.59244.343309.571363.70786.3196.35198.91689.65991.81491.52783.91579.51488.27994.25895.49686.76682.91180.64290.38101.797117.176122.128 177.197149.508144.847141.021131.26133.171185.595227.326243.118 163.968183.561152.594128.604119.054103.68186.70785.40687.957 131.305119.848105.56197.039100.915105.705139.921170.458192.59342.22549.14349.61654.11560.97463.16777.629103.372122.027 112.531103.06105.633105.254100.502101.9146.074182.939197.90856.61953.64765.18775.40675.50770.77573.67763.71468.61232.35334.84836.59140.04341.79938.943.09750.53561.66763.71462.86761.8560.7861.09964.25777.20292.448100.057 209.031169.7784.302103.996116.76688.193106.051108.731127.358 121.97510188.86484.00280.24883.439115.638143.641156.17246.38250.53254.11253.78353.12148.45948.52550.51154.45593.772106.589133.393162.432168.41179.86483.33695.98684.16780.10669.41369.40270.31566.3367.93196.391120.541132.22324.56725.08426.88230.06534.05231.327.82331.70334.74780.54782.79775.93984.68774.93757.27365.42485.79292.23535.95439.49541.1536.79734.76833.90933.0936.77841.97540.41545.00241.84838.34538.01237.3129.56832.46632.99929.25231.41132.67830.23333.85636.06841.52651.22660.49960.59362.31253.93436.50826.47625.96620.56321.91224.31129.30734.725.87321.01620.43717.52418.83922.21926.19369.84378.3698079.67557.82759.86760.87846.85560.37922.37124.49928.98635.4339.83746.4551.42973.57188 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a20.64924.95224.8119.29119.88417.20625.81442.62833.72769.70960.37458.93759.20557.71561.20486.366107.366113.23 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a12.04614.32315.81217.93519.44718.46318.73221.55226.47822.63724.14625.83828.76527.24725.32131.17137.23246.06453.05251.93552.46150.33252.22955.2972.39190.191107.34628.63230.83831.30332.33933.76234.94136.43238.98342.24153.64149.50151.65546.70345.48345.13353.10361.78571.951 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a21.00720.02420.89720.21619.49820.76227.84133.00736.167.8298.6617.597 6.468 6.704 6.272 4.95 5.216 5.004。

国际统计世界各国社会发展经济数据：15-6_外债及其构成(2018年)

国际货币基金组织贷款
Use of IMF Credit
28179.05 1173.30 2434.55 366.64 67.31 1805.08 2176.84 3.82 241.81 91.61 78.56 137.01 644.93 363.46 343.19 356.06 533.21
1421.79 88.40 97.21 15.36 1.17 55.33 27.54 19.83 4.78 0.70 2.87 3.42 72.76 11.65 15.45 13.49 4.38
Debt
私人非担保外债
Private Nonguaranteed
Debt
中等收入国家低收入国家中国孟加拉国柬埔寨印度印度尼西亚伊朗哈萨克斯坦老挝蒙古缅甸巴基斯坦菲律宾斯里兰卡泰国越南
Middle Income Low Income China Bangladesh Cambodia India Indonesia Iran Kazakhstan Laos Mongolia Myanmar Pakistan Philippines Sri Lanka Thailand Viet Nam
791.44 439.07 1401.93 3879.31 1820.11 4869.63 1051.40 3977.50 3282.28 808.25
4.46 194.85 631.65 928.88 508.28 2968.20 343.03 2206.00 2068.67 40.29 2950.42 1311.82 1901.43 708.37 1771.50 1213.61 362.21
埃及尼日利亚南非墨西哥阿根廷巴西委内瑞拉俄罗斯土耳其乌克兰

2018年全国国民经济和社会发展总体情况

2021年全国国民经济和社会开展总体情况一、综合初步核算，全年国生产总值900309亿元，比上年增长6.6%。

其中，第一产业增加值64734亿元，增长3.5%；第二产业增加值366001亿元，增长5.8%；第三产业增加值469575亿元，增长7.6%。

第一产业增加值占国生产总值的比重为7.2%，第二产业增加值比重为40.7%，第三产业增加值比重为52.2%。

全年最终消费支出对国生产总值增长的奉献率为76.2%，资本形成总额的奉献率为32.4%，货物和效劳净出口的奉献率为-8.6%。

人均国生产总值64644元，比上年增长6.1%。

国民总收入896915亿元，比上年增长6.5%。

全国万元国生产总值能耗[4]比上年下降3.1%。

全员劳动生产率为107327元/人，比上年提高6.6%。

年末全国大陆总人口139538万人，比上年末增加530万人，其中城镇常住人口83137万人，占总人口比重〔常住人口城镇化率〕为59.58%，比上年末提高1.06个百分点。

户籍人口城镇化率为43.37%，比上年末提高1.02个百分点。

全年出生人口1523万人，出生率为10.94‰；死亡人口993万人，死亡率为7.13‰；自然增长率为3.81‰。

全国人户别离的人口[6]2.86亿人，其中流动人口2.41亿人。

年末全国就业人员77586万人，其中城镇就业人员43419万人。

全年城镇新增就业1361万人，比上年增加10万人。

年末全国城镇调查失业率为4.9%，比上年末下降0.1个百分点；城镇登记失业率为3.8%，下降0.1个百分点。

全国农民工总量28836万人，比上年增长0.6%。

其中，外出农民工17266万人，增长0.5%；本地农民工11570万人，增长0.9%。

全年居民消费价格比上年上涨2.1%。

工业生产者出厂价格上涨3.5%。

工业生产者购进价格上涨4.1%。

固定资产投资价格上涨5.4%。

农产品生产者价格下降0.9%。

12月份70个大中城市新建商品住宅销售价格月同比上涨的城市个数为69个，下降的为1个。

全球各国统计年鉴指标数据：14-13_出口去向构成(2018年)

其他 Other
经济转型国家
发展中国家
Economies in Transition
Developing Countries
非洲 Africa
美洲 America
亚洲 Asia
3.9
3.3
51.0
4.2
5.9
40.8
1.7
0.8
76.9
1.0
1.8
74.1
0.4
95.8
0.1
0.1
95.5
5.5
0.7
53.2
1.6
25.7
25.9
3.7
1.5
68.1
7.4
35.4
25.3
1.8
1.0
64.2
3.4
18.8
41.9
0.9
3.9
6.6
1.1
0.8
4.8
1.6
1.7
23.8
5.1
2.6
15.7
2.0
3.2
20.5
1.7
2.7
16.0
2.4
3.5
20.6
3.9
3.1
13.6
1.7
1.4
13.9
2.6
38.4
21.0
8.2
39.2
18.4
16.0
1.5
33.4
9.9
10.2
10.8
16.1
11.8
0.1
4.0
62.0
30.8
27.1
1.8
35.3
12.0
19.1
60.5
55.5
1.6
2.5

国际统计世界各国社会发展经济数据：15-7_外债风险指标(2018年)

as Percentage of Exports
债务率 Present Value of Debt
as Percentage of Exports of Goods and Services and Income
短期债务比重 Short-term Debt
as Percentage of Total
4.72 3.64 0.76 4.12 1.40 4.23 7.37
2.13 10.78 11.57
4.84 14.88
4.52 21.61
0.47 1.39 13.73
6.98 61.96 28.69 31.52 99.77
0.53 36.33 121.88 94.18 86.08 211.39 46.11 167.57
注：①2017年数据。 Note:①Data
refer to 2017.
0.65① 10.17
6.22 32.30 11.37
11.06 6.79 7.14
26.74 74.33 70.13 206.93 63.86
43.08 59.44 75.79
20.43 13.49 24.09 11.98 29.84 10.64 25.93 18.07
External Debt
中等收入国家低收入国家中国孟加拉国柬埔寨印度印度尼西亚伊朗哈萨克斯坦老挝蒙古缅甸巴基斯坦菲律宾斯里兰卡泰国越南埃及
Middle Income Low Income China Bangladesh Cambodia India Indonesia Iran Kazakhstan Laos Mongolia Myanmar Pakistan Philippines Sri Lanka Thailand Viet Nam Egypt

国际统计年鉴2018全球世界各国社会经济发展指标：13-7 港口集装箱吞吐量

2310 147 11 26 958
1043 232 254
1707 2153 2059
47 224 564 3165 419
64001 30604 33121 17581
2229 163 12 29 969
1081 191 252
1911 2252 2091
57 245 583 3258 431
2014
World High Income Middle Income China Hong Kong, China Bangladesh Brunei Darussalam Cambodia India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Korea, Rep. Malaysia Myanmar Pakistan Philippines Singapore Sri Lanka
Thailand Viet Nam Egypt Nigeria South Africa Canada Mexico United States Argentina Brazil Venezuela France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Russia Spain Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Australia New Zealand
13-7 港口集装箱吞吐量 Container Port Traffic
资料来源：世界银行WDI数据库。 Source: World Bank WDI Database. 单位：万标准集装箱
国0
2010
2012
2013
世界高收入国家中等收入国家中国中国香港孟加拉国文莱柬埔寨印度印度尼西亚伊朗以色列日本韩国马来西亚缅甸巴基斯坦菲律宾新加坡斯里兰卡

国际统计世界各国社会发展经济数据：14-11_进口货物构成(2018年)

1.1
9.4
11.3
1.3
7.7
8.9
2.0
10.0
13.8
1.7
12.2
14.5
Hale Waihona Puke 1.78.38.8
1.0
11.9
0.9
1.2
11.1
15.0
2.6
5.9
9.5
1.0
8.6
23.5
1.3
10.0
10.4
0.6
6.7
13.6
0.7
11.3
12.2
4.0
52.9
0.1
2.3
73.8
0.1
1.1
69.1
Pakistan Philippines Singapore Sri Lanka① Thailand Viet Nam① Egypt Nigeria South Africa Canada Mexico United States Argentina Brazil Czech Rep. France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Russia Spain Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Australia New Zealand
2.6
65.7
3.3
3.5
76.2
1.6
1.8
83.3
1.1
4.1
68.6
0.1
8.2
62.6
11.2
2.5
63.5
0.9
2.8
73.2
2.2
1.5
74.3
3.4
1.3
73.5
1.0

国际统计世界各国社会发展经济数据：15-4_外商直接投资(2000-2018)

0.1 1.3 68.5
-0.2
0.5 1.7 2.7 446.8
1426.3 9.0
22.8 5.2 0.4
1619.5 570.9 66.9 756.3 0.2 31.5 582.1 8.7
2327.4 28.6 6.1
0.5 29.4 354.1
0.4 79.4
9.0 11.8
9.2 -0.8 347.2 143.7 2777.8 9.6 220.6 24.9 11.7 481.5 1254.5 326.9 683.6 61.5 411.2 378.4 14.7 7.4 4萨克斯坦 Kazakhstan
韩国
Korea, Rep.
老挝
Laos
马来西亚 Malaysia
蒙古
Mongolia
13586.1 407.1 545.8
5.8 5.5 1.5 35.9 -45.5 1.9 69.6 83.2 12.8 115.1 0.3 37.9 0.5
13651.1 1147.3 705.4 28.3 9.1 4.8 14.0 274.2 137.7 36.5 69.8 -12.5 115.5 95.0 2.8 90.6 16.9
0.9 3.1 22.4 147.5 1.8 34.1 12.9 12.4 13.1 8.9 668.0 182.5 3140.1 104.2 327.8 47.0 49.9 275.0 1982.8 133.7 638.6 94.5 26.5 395.8 9.8 6.0 1153.0 141.9 13.5
2010
(100 million USD)
2018
13731.9 688.1 862.5 -4.4 0.2 -0.4 0.2 159.5 26.6 2.4 79.4 562.6 78.9 282.2 0.3 134.0 0.6

国际统计年鉴2018全球世界各国社会经济发展指标：8-11 广义货币占国内生产总值比重

8-11 广义货币占国内生产总值比重 Broad Money (M2) as Percentage of GDP
资料来源：世界银行 WDI数据库。 Source: World Bank WDI Database.
单位：%
国家或地区
Country or Area
2000
2005
2010
2014
2015
36.5 89.4 27.6 93.7
78.2
64.2 61.6
52.7 50.0 136.1 113.4
131.3 56.1
125.9 151.1
98.1 20.4 72.6
129.7
155.2 92.3 72.2
37.8
38.8
90.3
28.5
28.7
100.4
99.2
80.2
83.8
68.1
韩国
Korea, Rep.
老挝
Laos
马来西亚 Malaysia
蒙古
Mongolia
缅甸
Myanmar
巴基斯坦 Pakistan
菲律宾
Philippines
135.6 224.4 157.4
30.6 85.7 12.9 55.4 53.9 37.2 81.3 232.9 15.3 65.0 16.5 122.7 21.1 31.5 38.6 57.7
151.1 251.7 140.0
47.4 57.8 19.3 66.5 43.4 41.5 97.6 198.7 27.2 111.1 19.1 125.0 37.5 21.6 49.9 54.3
175.7 325.4 108.0
58.7 67.3 41.6 78.6 36.0 54.1 74.6 217.5 38.9 131.2 36.2 129.6 48.0 23.6 52.5 61.4

国际统计世界各国社会发展经济数据：15-3_经常项目差额占GDP的比重(2000-2018)

-2.2
-2.9
-3.6
7.0
0.5
4.0
2.7
-5.2
-6.2
-3.4
-3.2
0.7
2.8
-4.6
-2.8
-2.6
-3.7
-3.6
-3.2
-2.8
-2.7
-2.6
-2.3
-1.7
-1.8
-2.2
-2.3
-2.3
-2.4
-3.0
-2.7
-4.9
-5.4
-3.0
-1.3
-0.4
-0.8
0.3
1.6
1.5
0.4
-0.4
-0.8
老挝
Laos
马来西亚
Malaysia
蒙古
Mongolia
缅甸
Myanmar
巴基斯坦
Pakistan
菲律宾
Philippines
新加坡
Singapore
1.7
5.8
3.9
4.4
11.9
7.0
24.0
39.4
-0.6
0.7
1.8
42.3
36.6
-3.7
-4.9
-8.7
-1.0
-1.3
-3.3
4.8
0.1
15-3 经常项目差额占GDP的比重 Current Account Balance as Percentage of GDP
资料来源：世界银行 WDI数据库。 Source: World Bank WDI Database.
单位：%
国家或地区
Country or Area

2018年世界经济宏观概述与综合评点

2018年世界经济宏观概述与综合评点2018年世界经济宏观概述2018年，世界经济有了很大的发展。

自2009年金融危机以来，经过了近10年的缓慢复苏，世界经济出现了一定的发展，经济增长率提高了，经济和财政的政策也朝着宽松的方向发展。

从GDP来看，2018年全球经济增速放缓，根据世界银行的数据，2018年全球GDP增长3.7%，低于2017年的3.9%。

尽管全球经济增速放缓，但经济增长仍继续保持稳定。

全球外汇市场在2018年表现不俗，因为美元走弱、多元化资本流动增强以及美联储加息等因素，导致大多数货币以及新兴市场货币出现升值行为，甚至出现反弹态势，特别是欧元/美元、美元/日元和美元/港币的汇率均显示出升值的趋势。

从财政政策方面看，2018年世界多国出台了量化宽松政策来支持经济增长，各国政府加大了税收优惠，对企业减税减负，加大基础设施和就业投资，而联合国秘书长安东尼奥•古特雷斯把这种“量化宽松”称为“金融补偿”。

另外，IMF和世界银行也采取了一些措施，如调整汇率标准，实施财政扩张政策等，以抵消全球贸易增长的压力。

另外，一些国家和地区也采取了宽松的财政政策，为经济增长注入新的动力。

综上所述，可以看出，2018年全球大多数经济体都将经济时间浪费在宽松的财政政策上，同时也更加重视贸易和投资，以稳定经济发展。

综合评点2018年世界经济发展成就显著，全球GDP增长虽放缓，但依然基本上维持住了稳定增长态势，普遍存在宽松的财政政策和宽松的货币政策，得到了很好的调节效果。

同时，欧元、美元、日元和港币等国际货币出现升值，促进了全球贸易的发展以及全球投资的活跃。

但也存在负面结果，由于金融加息的影响，投资者的信心受到了一定的冲击，特别是新兴市场国家比较薄弱，存在一定的危机，要求各国就此展开谨慎的政策计划和有效的风险控制，才能有效稳定经济发展，实现共同发展。

世界经济主要指标

世界经济主要指标作者：国家统计局国际统计信息中心来源：《全球化》 2018年第4期一、世界经济表1 世界经济增长率（上年= 100）表2 世界贸易量增长率（上年= 100）表3 消费者价格涨跌率（上年= 100）表4 消费者价格同比上涨率表5 工业生产二、美国经济表6 国内生产总值及其构成增长率（环比）表7 国内生产总值及其构成增长率（环比）表8 国内生产总值及其构成增长率（同比）表9 国内生产总值及其构成增长率（同比）表10 劳动力市场表11 进出口贸易表12 外国直接投资三、欧元区经济表13 国内生产总值及其构成增长率（环比）表14 国内生产总值及其构成增长率（环比）表15 劳动力市场表16 国内生产总值及其构成增长率（同比）表17 国内生产总值及其构成增长率（同比）表18 进出口贸易表19 外国直接投资四、日本经济表20 国内生产总值及其构成增长率（环比）表21 国内生产总值及其构成增长率（环比）表22 国内生产总值及其构成增长率（同比）表23 国内生产总值及其构成增长率（同比）表24 劳动力市场表25 进出口贸易表26 外国直接投资五、其他主要国家和地区经济表27 国内生产总值增长率（同比）表28 国内生产总值增长率（同比）表29 劳动力市场失业率表30 劳动力市场失业率表31 进出口贸易表32 进出口贸易表33 进出口贸易表34 进出口贸易表35 进出口贸易表36 进出口贸易六、三大经济体指标对比图图1 三大经济体GDP环比增长率(%)图2 三大经济体失业率变动(%)图3 三大经济体出口额同比增长率(%)图4 三大经济体进口额同比增长率(%)。

2018年全球发展合作报告

分析表明，到2030年，SOTC国家的极端贫困人口总数将增加22%，而其他所有国家的极端贫困人口数量将减少 55%。SOTC国家极端贫困人口将占世界总极端贫困人口的 84%。
收入不均问题
近年来，世界许多国家内部的纵向经济不平等情况已愈发显著，对实现可持续发展目标构成严重威胁。当前世界上最贫穷的50%人口的收入占全球总收入不足9%，而最富有的1%人口的收入则超过全球收入的20%。世界上大多数穷人生活在非洲和亚洲。自1980年以来，北美、中国、印度和俄罗斯联邦的收入不平等情况迅速增加。相比之下，欧洲的不平等现象略有增长，同样处于非常高的水平，拉丁美洲和加勒比地区则较为稳定，这可能受益于当地的教育水平、社会保护政策带来的缓冲效应。
关注气候变化，出台更具包容性和公正性的政策。在应对气候变化和实现低碳转型的措施中，首先需要政策制定者更关注受气候变化影响最严重的人群，使他们能够获得应对气候灾害的工具。其次，需要通过多种方式实现国家经济转型，以确保每个人均可从经济转型中获益。政策制定者可以汲取在结构改革方面的经验教训，并确保以公正和包容的方式制定和推行与气候相关的政策，同时还为所有气候问题相关者提供开展对话、参与政策建议的途径。
三是优先关注最贫困和最弱势群体。重点领域
“不让任何一国/一人被落下” 是一项通用承诺，涉及可持续发展目标的各个方面。该承诺以人为本，惠及当代和后代，即不让任何女人或男人、年轻人、残疾人、选民、公民，以及任何特定国家或贫困环境下的居民被落下。
贫困问题 “严重偏离轨道的国家（Severely Off-track Country，简称
全球发展议程的当务之急是不让任何一国/一人被落下。目前全球在获得基本需求、改善社会福利和收入方面已经取得一定进展，极端贫困人口占比等指标在改善，但各国的发展情况仍存在很大差异，尤其在社会包容性（包括针对

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-2.4
-2.4
-2.4
-3.0
-2.7
-4.8
-3.3
-1.3
-0.5
0.3
1.5
0.9
-0.4
-0.9
-0.7
8.9
8.6
8.1
1.5
2.6
2.8
8.7
8.4
10.3
-0.6
-0.3
0.3
5.0
1.9
2.2
1.1
1.9
2.0
-3.7
-3.8
-5.6
1.8
-1.4
-1.9
-5.2
-5.8
-4.1
-4.3
Korea, Rep.
老挝
Laos
马来西亚
Malaysia
蒙古
Mongolia
缅甸
Myanmar
巴基斯坦
Pakistan
菲律宾
Philippines
新加坡
Singapore
1.7
5.8
3.9
2.3
4.4
11.9
7.0
1.4
24.0
39.4
34.2
-0.6
0.7
1.8
0.4
42.3
36.6
30.7
-3.7
2014
中国
China
中国香港 Hong Kong, China
中国澳门 Macao, China
孟加拉国 Bangladesh
文莱
Brunei Darussalam
柬埔寨
Cambodia
印度
India
印度尼西亚 Indonesia
以色列
Israel
日本
Japan
哈萨克斯坦 Kazakhstan
韩国
1.4
4.0
4.3
27.0
0.4
-2.6
15.5
-8.9
-0.5
-1.5
-1.8
-1.7
3.7
3.0
3.9
4.0
-6.5
-3.4
7.0
5.1
-7.8
2.4
3.0
-6.3
-10.1
-2.8
-5.7
-2.6
-5.2
-0.4
-0.8
19.0
18.8
斯里兰卡泰国越南埃及尼日利亚南非加拿大墨西哥美国阿根廷巴西委内瑞拉捷克法国德国意大利荷兰波兰俄罗斯西班牙土耳其乌克兰英国澳大利亚新西兰
Sri Lanka Thailand Viet Nam Egypt Nigeria South Africa Canada Mexico United States Argentina Brazil Venezuela Czech Rep. France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Russia Spain Turkey Ukraine UnitedKingdom Australia New Zealand
-4.9
-4.8
-9.8
-1.0
-1.3
-3.3
-1.3
4.8
0.1
0.7
-3.1
-1.6
3.2
3.6
3.8
2.7
3.6
3.9
0.8
2.0
-1.8
0.9
2.8
1.9
1.4
2.6
6.0
-0.5
-6.4
0.4
-8.9
9.1
13.9
10.1
4.4
-6.1
3.5
-12.3
-15.8
-2.4
4.9
3.2
-3.3
-0.1
-3.3
-0.8
-1.5
-2.8
1.9
3.6
3.8
10.8
22.1
23.4
18.7
2015
2016
(%) 2017
2.8 3.3 25.3 1.3 16.7 -9.4 -1.1 -2.0 5.1 3.1 -2.8 7.7 -15.8 3.1 -8.1 -4.8 -1.0 2.5 18.6
1.8
15-3 经常项目差额占GDP的比重 Current Account Balance as Percentage of GDP
资料来源：世界银行 WDI数据库。 Source: World Bank WDI Database.
单位：%
国家或地区
Country or Area
2000
2005
2010
-3.1
-2.5
-2.9
-2.3
-2.7
-6.4
-2.7
-1.9
-2.5
7.4
-4.0
3.4
Hale Waihona Puke 3.73.6-1.0
-3.7
5.0
-1.0
2.4
-2.1
-2.0
16.0
32.5
3.6
0.2
-0.1
-3.1
-1.5
-5.1
2.5
1.9
-3.6
-2.4
-2.7
-1.0
-0.5
-1.8
-3.9
-5.7
-2.9
-2.1
-3.2
2.7
-0.4
-1.7
-3.7
1.6
-3.4
-4.2
10.1
17.5
1.4
1.0
-4.4
-2.1
-3.5
0.2
1.2
…
-0.8
-1.3
-1.7
4.6
5.7
7.4
0.1
-0.9
-3.4
1.9
1.8
6.1
7.4
8.6
-6.0
-2.6
-5.4
-2.1
17.5
11.1
4.4
2.8
-4.4
-7.5
-3.9
1.0
-3.6
-4.2
-5.8
-4.7
4.3
2.9
-2.2
-3.4
-2.4
-2.1
-3.8
-5.3
-3.7
-6.3
-3.9
-2.9
-3.3
-7.0
-2.3
-3.2
-2.3
-2.1
-2.7
8.0
11.7
10.6
0.5
4.0
2.7
-5.2
-6.0
-4.0
-3.3
0.7
2.8
-4.6
-2.7
-2.5
-3.6
-3.2
-3.0
-2.6
-2.2
-1.7