英语(基础)复习资料

英语（基础）复习资料product attribute产品的属性distribution channel 分销渠道maximum effectiveness 最大的有效性sales promotion 促销活动personal selling人员推销inventive tools 激励工具buying allowance 购买折扣corporate-identity materials 有关公司的宣传材料product life cycle 产品生命周期retailer, wholesaler 零售商,批发商audiovisual material 视听材料joint venture 合营nontariff barrier 非关税壁垒industrial structure 产业结构income distribution 收入分配boycott 联合抵制raw-material-exporting economy 原料出口型经济industrial economy 工业化经济joint ownership 合资经营repurchase behavior 重新购买行为total customer value 总客户价值customer delivered value 消费者让渡价值customer loyalty 消费者忠实度market challenger 市场挑战者market nicher 市场补缺者front attack and flank attack 正面进攻和侧翼进攻gobble up firms of its own size 吞掉同样大小的企业senior employees and junior employees 高级职员和普通职员exempt employee 无补贴职员personnel management 人事管理skill shortage 技术短缺application and performance of knowledge 知识的应用和绩效competitive advantage 竞争优势work force diversity 劳工的多样性global labor force全球劳动力储备库strategic HR planning 人力资源战略规划unemployment insurance system失业保险制定job analysis 职务分析job description 职务说明书career development programs 职务生涯开发计划recruitment and decruitment 招聘和减员validity and reliability 有效性和可靠性biodata 个人信息on-the-job training and off-the-job training 在岗培训和脱产培训establishment stage 立业阶段promotability forecast 晋升可能性预测work mobility 工作流动性skills inventories 技术储存career paths 职业生涯路径base wages and salary 额外津贴wage and salary add-ons 附件工资unpaid leave 无偿歇假paid time-off 有偿休假dole out bonuses 发放奖金legally required benefits 法定福利be familiarized with the organization’s objectives, policies, philosophy and procedures 熟悉组织的目标,方针,理念和工作步骤knowledge economy and globalization 知识经济和全球化1.Modern marketing does more than developing a good product, setting the fairest price, choosing the most effective distribution channels, it also calls for companies to inform their customers about product benefits and position the product in customer’s mind.现代营销不仅需要开发一种好的产品,设定最合理的价格,选择最有效的分销渠道,它还要求企业向消费者传播产品的好处,并在消费者心中定位企业的产品.2.Advertising, known as a common paid media like print or broadcast, is aiming at informing, persuading or reminding buyers. 广告，如印刷或广播，作为最普遍的有偿媒介，主要是起到通知﹑说服和提醒消费者的作用。

3.Different countries vary greatly in their geographic, demographic, economic and cultural factors, which led to different needs and wants, product preference, and purchasing patterns. 不同的国家在地理﹑人口﹑经济﹑文化方面都存在着很大差异。

这就导致了不同的需求和欲望，产品偏好以及购买方式。

4.If a company is proficiency in exporting and if the overseas market is large enough, foreign-based facilities offer many advantages, such as lower costs in the form of cheaper labor or raw materials.5.To win in today’s fiercely competitive marketplace, companies must be customer-oriented---they must deliver superior value to their target customers and do a better job of meeting and satisfying customer needs than their competitors do. 为了在今天激烈竞争的市场中获胜, 公司必须以消费者为导向, 它们必修向目标消费者传递超级价值并且比其竞争对手更好地满足消费者需求.6.The lower price the company charges, the higher the delivered value of its offer will be, therefore, the higher the customer’s incentive to purchase from the company.公司的定价越低,其产品的让渡价值越高,因此消费者购买公司的产品的激励就越大.7.If the product’s performance matches or exceeds expectations, the customers are satisfied, otherwise, they are dissatisfied.如果产品的性能达到或超过购买者的期望,消费者会感到满意,否则他们会对产品感到不满意.8.Today, companies that generate customer value profitably always track their customer’s expectations, perceived company performance and customer satisfaction.今天创造消费者价值并盈利的公司总是追踪消费者的期望,发觉公司业绩与消费者的满意感.panies today have no choice but adopt quality concept effectively serve customer if they want to stay in the race, let alone be profitable. 今天的公司且不说盈利,单单想使自己不被淘汰出去,除了运用质量观念有效地服务于消费者,此外别无选择.10.In order to be forewarned and forearmed, the company needs to know the relative importance that a competitor focuses on current profitability, market share growth, cash flow, technological leadership and service leadership.为了事先进行警戒和武装,公司需要了解一个竞争对手如何对目前盈利﹑市场份额增长﹑现金流﹑技术领先和服务领先这几方面的相对重要性做出权衡的.11.HRM emphasizes the common benefits of management and employees in profitability of theenterprise.人力资源管理强调管理层和员工通过企业的盈利而共同受益.12.Both task and organizational conditions should be created to facilitate the full realization of individual’s potential.应创造出能充分发挥个人潜能的工作及组织环境.13.Managers should constantly be alert to change, aware of the opportunities and threats so as to maintain the flexibility in quick reaction to challenges. 为了保持对挑战作出快速反应的灵活性,经理必须对变化保持警惕,并且能察觉到机遇和威胁. 14.The major challenges in HRM in the years to come can fall into three categories: environmental challenges, organizational challenges and individual challenges.人力资源管理所面临的主要挑战有三种:环境挑战﹑组织挑战及个人挑战.placency in HR practices may hinder a firm’s ability to tackle the challenges.在实行人力资源管理中采取一种自负的态度会影响公司应付挑战的能力.16.One result brought by the knowledge-based global economy is that the traditional concept of production has changed from high volume to high value. 以知识为基础的全球经济带来的一个结果就是传统生产观念由高产量向高价值转变.17.The greater one’s capacity for learning and building knowledge, the greater his or her likelihood of enjoying continuing success.个人获得知识,巩固知识的能力越大,他获得持久成功的可能性越高.18.It is incumbent upon organizations to help their employees to apply their knowledge and skills to best effect.组织有责任帮助员工充分利用已有知识及技能,并使其产生最佳成效.19.Since it is not always possible to know beforehand if a HR tactic will meet its objectives, sometimes a periodic evaluation seems necessary.由于谁也无法预知人力资源战术能否实现其目标,有时一段时期的评估也是必要的.20.3M requires that at least 25% of its annual sales come from products introduced over the previous five years, a goal it often exceeds by a comfortable margin. 3M公司要求至少年销售额的25%来自近五年引入市场的产品,企业经常会大幅度超额完成目标.21.3M’s “release time” program, in which workers are given time off during the regular workday to pursue their own interests, is given credit for the creation of new products that management would not have thought of by itself. 3M公司的自由时间计划即工人可以在正常的工作时间内发展自己的兴趣,该计划因促进管理层本身难以想到的新产品的产生而受到称赞.22.In the long run, hiring the best-qualified candidates makes tremendous difference to the organization’s effectiveness and bottom-line performance. 从长远来讲,雇佣最合格的应征者会为企业的效能以及最低绩效带来巨大的变化. 23.Orientations serve to reduce the initial anxiety of new employees, facilitate the outsider-insider transition and identify the employees with the team. 导向活动能帮助减轻新员工初来乍到的那种焦虑感,给他们提供一个由外向内的过渡过程,并且使他们与整个公司融为一体.24.It goes without saying that a highly motivated, psychologically well-adjusted employee is of great value to a company. 不用说具有高度自主和心理调节机制的员工对企业来说具有很大的价值. 25.As job demands change, employee skills have to be altered and updated. 随着工作要求的变化,员工的技术技能也需要不断地变化和更新.26.Planned training is a deliberate intervention designed to bring about the necessary learning to improve performance on the job. 有计划培训是指有意地介入以便引入必要的学习来提高工作效能.27.More and more organizations use creativity training as a means of tapping their employees’innovative potential. 越来越多的公司开始用创造性培训来激发他们员工的潜能.28.Job rotation involves moving people around on a systematic basis in order to broaden their experience. 工作轮换是系统地调整改换人们的工作来拓宽他们的经验.29.With the downsizing of organizations and restructure of the skill composition, managers are forced to shrink the size of their workforce. 随着企业降低规模和技术含量的重组,管理者不得不减小劳动力规模.30.In the information age, companies will compete more on their workers’knowledge, skills, and innovation levels than on the basis of labor costs or manufacturing capacity. 在信息时代,企业更多地竞争其工人的知识,技术以及革新水平,而不是劳动力成本或是生产能力.31.Midcareer is the time when a person’s performance may continue to improve, level off or begin to deteriorate. 职业生涯中间阶段是个人绩效或持续增长,或原地不动或下降的阶段.32.Designing and implementing an effective development program requires some creative decision making on the part of managers.设计和执行有效的开发计划要求管理者具有独创的决策能力33. A career path presents the steps in a possible career and a plausible timetable to accomplish them. 职业生涯路径提供潜在职业生涯的步骤和用来实现其步骤的可行时间表.34.Ideal appraisal is future-oriented and able to provide employees with useful feedback and coaches them to higher level of performance. 完美的评估是面向未来的,而且能够给员工提供有益的反馈信息,并引导他们做得更好.。