生物专业英语 Photosynthesis
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English for Biology Students Lesson Two
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
• It is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy；
但是细胞呼吸作用是高度放能，释放能量的过程，而光合 作用需要能量, 并且是高度吸能的过程。
Cellular respiration
2019/6/3
9
Introduction
Photosynthesis occurs only in the chlorophyll-containing cells of green plants, algae, and certain protists and bacteria.
光合作用只发生在含有叶绿素的绿色植物细胞、藻类、某 些原生生物和细菌之中。
From the point of view of chemistry and energetics, it is the opposite of cellular respiration.
从化学和能量学角度来看，它是细胞呼吸作用的逆反应。
Whereas cellular respiration is highly exergonic and releases energy, photosynthesis requires energy and is highly endergonic.
Jan van Helmont (mid-17th century)
Discovery— 1771 Important year
• The air that had been "injured" by the candle and the mouse could be restored by a plant.
Discovery— 1782 & 1804
• 1782, Jean Senebier demonstrated that green plants consume CO2 and release O2 under the influence of light.
• 1804, Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure showed that the increase in mass of the plant as it grows could not be due only to uptake of CO2 but also to the incorporation of H2O.
Overall, it is a process that converts light energy into chemical energy that is stored in the form of molecular bonds.
总体来说，这是一个将光能转化成化学能的过程，其能量 以分子键形式贮存。
• Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.
Photosynthesis [,fəʊtə(ʊ)'sɪnθɪsɪs] = φῶς (phōs, light) + σύνθεσις (synthesis, putting together)
Discovery— 1864
• J.V. Sachs demonstrated that the photosynthesis produce organism.
与光合作用相关的诺贝尔奖
Wilstatter(1915) 纯化叶绿素并阐明其结构； Fischer(1930s Emerson-光合单位) 叶绿素化学； Calvin等(1962) 阐明光合碳循环； Woodward(1965) 合成叶绿素分子； Mitchell(1978) ATP合成——化学渗透学说； Deisenhofer等(1988) 阐明光合细菌反应中心结构； Marcus(1992) 生命体系（包括光合作用）的电子传递 体系； Walker等(1997)ATP合酶的动态结构和反应机理；
…光…合作用是地球上最重要的化学反应！
Glossary
Photosynthesis [,fəʊtə(ʊ)'sinθisis] n.光合作用 Chlorophyll ['klɔːrəfil] n.叶绿素 Protist ['prəʊtist] n.原生生物 Exergonic [,ɛksɚ'gɑnik] a.放能的 Endergonic [,ɛndɚ'gɑnik] a.吸能的 Chloroplast ['klɔrəplæst] n.叶绿体 Thylakoid ['θailəkɒid] n.类囊体
Josminister)
Discovery— 1779
• Repeated Priestley's experiments and discovered that it was the influence of sunlight.
Jan Ingenhousz
Discovery— mid-17th century
• Measured the mass of the soil used by a plant and the mass of the plant as it grew.
• After noticing that the soil mass changed very little, he hypothesized that the mass of the growing plant must come from the water.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
• It is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy；
但是细胞呼吸作用是高度放能，释放能量的过程，而光合 作用需要能量, 并且是高度吸能的过程。
Cellular respiration
2019/6/3
9
Introduction
Photosynthesis occurs only in the chlorophyll-containing cells of green plants, algae, and certain protists and bacteria.
光合作用只发生在含有叶绿素的绿色植物细胞、藻类、某 些原生生物和细菌之中。
From the point of view of chemistry and energetics, it is the opposite of cellular respiration.
从化学和能量学角度来看，它是细胞呼吸作用的逆反应。
Whereas cellular respiration is highly exergonic and releases energy, photosynthesis requires energy and is highly endergonic.
Jan van Helmont (mid-17th century)
Discovery— 1771 Important year
• The air that had been "injured" by the candle and the mouse could be restored by a plant.
Discovery— 1782 & 1804
• 1782, Jean Senebier demonstrated that green plants consume CO2 and release O2 under the influence of light.
• 1804, Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure showed that the increase in mass of the plant as it grows could not be due only to uptake of CO2 but also to the incorporation of H2O.
Overall, it is a process that converts light energy into chemical energy that is stored in the form of molecular bonds.
总体来说，这是一个将光能转化成化学能的过程，其能量 以分子键形式贮存。
• Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.
Photosynthesis [,fəʊtə(ʊ)'sɪnθɪsɪs] = φῶς (phōs, light) + σύνθεσις (synthesis, putting together)
Discovery— 1864
• J.V. Sachs demonstrated that the photosynthesis produce organism.
与光合作用相关的诺贝尔奖
Wilstatter(1915) 纯化叶绿素并阐明其结构； Fischer(1930s Emerson-光合单位) 叶绿素化学； Calvin等(1962) 阐明光合碳循环； Woodward(1965) 合成叶绿素分子； Mitchell(1978) ATP合成——化学渗透学说； Deisenhofer等(1988) 阐明光合细菌反应中心结构； Marcus(1992) 生命体系（包括光合作用）的电子传递 体系； Walker等(1997)ATP合酶的动态结构和反应机理；
…光…合作用是地球上最重要的化学反应！
Glossary
Photosynthesis [,fəʊtə(ʊ)'sinθisis] n.光合作用 Chlorophyll ['klɔːrəfil] n.叶绿素 Protist ['prəʊtist] n.原生生物 Exergonic [,ɛksɚ'gɑnik] a.放能的 Endergonic [,ɛndɚ'gɑnik] a.吸能的 Chloroplast ['klɔrəplæst] n.叶绿体 Thylakoid ['θailəkɒid] n.类囊体
Josminister)
Discovery— 1779
• Repeated Priestley's experiments and discovered that it was the influence of sunlight.
Jan Ingenhousz
Discovery— mid-17th century
• Measured the mass of the soil used by a plant and the mass of the plant as it grew.
• After noticing that the soil mass changed very little, he hypothesized that the mass of the growing plant must come from the water.