英语构词法常见词缀与范例

一、根据构词法记忆单词

（一）、常见前缀

1．表示否定意义的前缀

un: unbelievable uncomfortable unconscious unfair uneasy unlike unknown unusual unexpected unemployment unfortunately

in: indirect inevitable incorrect incomplete independent im: impossible impatient impractical impolite

il: illegal

ir: irrespective irregular irresponsible

mis: mistake misunderstand mislead misfortune misconduct dis: disadvantage discourage disabled disagree disapprove discount discover disappear disorder

non: nonsense non-smoking

ab: abuse

anti: anti-Japanese anti-smoking

2．表示时间、序列的前缀

pre (前，预先): preview preschool prehistory previous

post (后): postwar postgraduate

pro (向前): proceed progress prolong

re (回，再): review recycle react reproduce

recover reform refresh renew restore

3．表示方向、位置的前缀

inter (在…之间): international interact interview internet

in/im (向内): internal indoor inside interior

import immigrate

ex (向外): export exterior external exceed

under (在下面): underestimate underground underline undergraduate trans (横过、): transport transplant transform transmit

out (外): outdoor outwards outside

mid (在中间): midnight midday mid-term

4．表示数量、大小的前缀

uni (一，统一): unique unite unity universal uniform

min (少，减): minor minus minimum

multi (多): multiply multinational multiple

5．动词性前缀

en: enable enjoy enforce encourage

（二）、常见后缀

1．常见名词后缀：

ness: weakness illness fitness happiness

ment: treatment statement argument arrangement equipment management development employment improvement achievement

punishment measurement replacement

ion: invention selection suggestion election education

prevention reflection radiation rejection reaction

instruction distinction devotion innovation attraction

expression impression

tion: intention attention

sion: expansion explosion decision extension collision

ation: invitation realization imagination modernization obligation foundation determination reservation industrialization application

ship: friendship scholarship ownership relationship hardship leadership (人):

ity: popularity quality maturity personality publicity

security diversity

dom: freedom wisdom

age: storage package postage marriage shortage

al: refusal removal arrival proposal survival approval

ism: tourism organism criticism

y: discovery recovery injury difficulty delivery

ure: failure pressure exposure departure

ence: difference patience independence absence evidence confidence ance: distance significance resistance importance ignorance

ist (人): tourist scientist specialist

ant (人): servant immigrant applicant assistant accountant

consultant defendant inhabitant

ian (人): technician musician electrician

or (人): survivor operator inventor governor conductor competitor er (人): manufacturer consumer customer owner prisoner employer

2．常见形容词后缀：

ful (充满…的): faithful fearful hopeful fruitful helpful respectful

graceful painful cheerful thoughtful powerful

y (…的): wealthy thirsty worthy hasty lucky noisy faulty less (无…的): hopeless useless worthless restless helpless meaningless

al (…的): national original practical natural musical occasional

medical formal personal professional experimental

able (能…的、可…的): suitable valuable respectable remarkable

favorable reliable profitable fashionable miserable

noticeable portable reasonable honorable preferable

desirable acceptable comparable comfortable

ly (…的): timely friendly deadly costly

ic (…的): symbolic heroic classic historic organic

ial (…的) : industrial racial commercial beneficial financial influential ive (…的): respective effective impressive expensive progressive attractive protective comparative