高中英语名词性从句讲义(超详细版)

名词性从句

一．定义：

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

1. His words are true. What he said is true.

2. The dog sensed something good. The dog sensed that there was something good nearby.

3. These are his words. These are what he said.

4. My Maths teacher, Mr He, is a kind person. The news that the plane had crashed made us sad.

二．引导名词性从句的连接词

连词：在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用 that, 无实义

whether, if 是否

as if \ as though 似乎，好像

连接代词：有词义，在句中担任主语，表语，定语或宾语。 what, 什么 who, 谁

whom, 谁，作宾语 whose, 谁的 which, 哪一个

whatever, whoever……也可以引导。连接副词：有词义，在句中担任状语。

when ,什么时候 where, 什么地方 why, 为什么 how ,怎么样

how many, how much, how often

三．主语从句

1. 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。

What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

That he is late for school makes the teacher very angry. 他上学迟到让老师很生气。

2.有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：

（1） It + be + 名词 + that从句

e.g. It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.

（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句

Eg. It is certain that he will win the match.

It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.

It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.

（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句

Eg. It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai)

It is suggested that the work （should） be done with great care.

（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句

Eg. It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)

It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)

注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

3.主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。

（1）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.

（2）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.

（3）Whatever you did is right.

（4）Who the watch belongs to was lost is unknown.

4. that 与 what 引导主语从句的区别

what 有词义，在句中担任主语，表语，定语或宾语。 that 无词义，不作任何成分，只起连接作用 Eg. What has made him mad is not known yet. That she is still alive is a consolation.

四．宾语从句

1.定义：名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

2.由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

We all think (that ) she is working hard and that she will surely go to a very good university. 我们都认为她学习非常努力，一定能进一个非常好的大学。

3.在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：

I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。

4. 可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句

①动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.

I think it necessary that we take plenty of water every day .我认为每天多喝水是有必要的.

We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.

②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it 这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.

Eg. I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.

He took it for granted that his girlfriend would come back again.他想当然的认为女朋友会再回来。

③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替

We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.

We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.