初中宾语从句用法及练习

宾语从句的讲解

一．宾语从句的定义

在句中充当宾语的句子是宾语从句。例如：

I hope that I can see you again one day. 我希望有一天我能再见到你。

例句中，动词hope后跟宾语从句，充当hope的宾语，引导词是that。

二．不同引导词引导的宾语从句

（一）由that引导的宾语从句

that引导的宾语从句为陈述句。that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，

无实意，所以在口语中常被省略。

例：I told him (that）he was wrong.我告诉他他错了。

试一试：

我希望你明天可以来。______________________________________________

我敢肯定你会通过这个考试。________________________________________

注意：在think, believe, suppose, 等动词引起的宾语从句中，当宾语从句表示否定时，本身不用否定形式，否定需要前置。

例如：我认为你做的不对I don’t think that you are right.

试一试：

They believe. They won’t lose the game. (合成一句)

____________________________________________________________

I think that we will be late. (改为否定句)

_____________________________________________________________

(二) 由if/whether引导的宾语从句

由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。if/whether在句中的意思是“是否”。而且从句原来的疑问语序要成陈述语序。

例如: I don’t know if/whether he lives here.

例句中，if/whether 引导从句he lives here。（从句原来的疑问式是Does he live here?

变成陈述式，将助动词does去掉，动词保持原有的单三形式lives）

试一试：

Are you a student? (变为陈述式)_________________________________

Does your mother get to work by bus? （变为陈述式）_________________________

Has he finished his homework? （变为陈述式）_________________________________ Did they go to the park yesterday?（变为陈述式）______________________________

I wonder. Will they come to my party? (合成一句：我想知道他们是否会来。)

__________________________________________________

I don’t know. Has he learned English? (合成一句：我不知道他是否学过英语。)

_____________________________________________________

The teacher asks us. Did we finish our homework?( 合成一句：老师问我们是否完成了作业。) ________________________________________________________

注意：

1.只能用whether，不能用if的情况

①在介词的后面

例句：I’m thinking about whether we should go to see the film.

我正在考虑我们是否该去看电影。

I'm interested in whether he likes English．我感兴趣的是他是否喜欢英语。

②与or not连用时

例句：I don’t know whether I have learned this word or not.

我不知道我是否学过这个单词。

③在带to的不定式前

例句：We decided whether to walk there. 我们决定了是否步行去那里。

I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。

2.区别“如果if 和是否if ”

如果if，引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现等规则；是否if引导宾语从句。

I don’t know if they ___________ (come) tomorrow. If they _______(come)

tomorrow, I will call you.

(三) 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句

特殊疑问词充当引导词时，在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中有一定的含义。同时也要注意从句要从疑问语序变成陈述语序。例如：

Do you know when he will come back? 你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？

例句中，从句when he will come back 为陈述语序，原来的疑问语序是when will he come back?

试一试：

How did you get to school? （变陈述语序）____________________________________ Where has he been? （变陈述语序）____________________________________

I don’t know. What are they looking for?（合成一句）

_________________________________________________________

He asks me. When does the train usually leave? （合成一句）

__________________________________________________________

三．宾语从句的时态

1.主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。

例句：The headmaster hopes that everything goes well.

The headmaster hopes that we will win the game.

I don’t know who came here just now.

I don’t know if he has finished his homework.

2.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去的某种形式。

例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.

I didn’t know if he had finished his homework.

The headmaster hoped that we would win the game.

注意：当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。

例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.

四．宾语从句的语序

前面的用法中已经介绍到了，无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述