交通运输与物流专业英语(Unite 7)中英文(精编文档).doc

【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】Unit Seven Introduction to LogisticsText A The definition of logisticsThe term “Logistics”originates from a Greek word “logos”, which refers to reasoning. The term “logistics” was first used in a military sense in the early 19th century. This term then encompassed transport organization, army replenishments and material maintenance. “Logistics”来源于希腊词语中的”logos”，指的是合理的意思，最早于19世纪早期军事术语中使用，随后它的意义得到扩充，包含了交通运输组织、军事补给和物资供应。

In the business world, the concept of “logistics” was applied solely to “Material Replenishment Programs” (MRP) and was confined to the manufacturing sector at the beginning, which is called the first party logistics nowadays. Therefore the extension of the concept to involve company operations is a relatively new one.在商业世界, ”logistics”仅指物料补充计划，并且最开始仅限于制造业，被称为第一方物流，所以”logistics”从概念上加以扩充由此包含了企业运营的意思还是相对较新的概念。

The introduction of containers and the development of information technology have brought about the improvement of logistics activities. Containerization has helped accelerate the transportation process; information technology has enabled information to be acted upon in real time thus speeding up the flow of transportation and delivery.集装箱的引进和信息技术的发展带动了物流活动的改善提高，集装箱化促进了交通运输的发展，信息技术使得信息能够实时传播，加快了交通运输和发货的速度。

Logistics starts with the provision of raw materials and semi-finished goods for the manufacturing process, and finishes up with the physical distribution and after sales service of the products.物流从原材料的供给开始，随后是半成品的生产过程，最后是（货物）的配送以及产品的售后服务等。

Economically, this creates a new source of profit characterized by the development of mass distribution and attention to service quality. The two basis objectives in practicing business logistics, cost reduction and time saving, have enabled companies to profit not only in performance and quality but also in customer satisfaction.从经济学意义上讲，（在物流领域）快速发展集中运输、专注于服务质量已经创造出了一项经济收益来源。

实现商业化物流的两个基本目标——减少成本和节约时间——不仅使公司从高性能和高质量中获得利润，而且还提高了客户满意率。

There are various definitions of different editions. The term was defined as follow:不同书刊版本对物流的定义不同，其定义有如下几种：Logistics is the procurement, maintenance, distribution, and replacement of personnel and material.物流就是采购、供给、配送以及人员物资的更换。

Logistics is the science of planning, organizing and managing activities that provides goods or services.物流就是通过科学地规划、组织和管理以提供货物及服务。

Logistics is defined as a business-planning framework for themanagement of material, service, information and capital flows. It includes the increasingly complex information, communication and control systems required in today’s business environment.物流被定义为对物料、服务、信息和资金流进行管理的商业计划体系，它包括了当今商业环境中日益复杂的信息、交流和控制系统。

Logistics is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost effective flow and storage of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of meeting customer requirements.物流是一个过程，它包括了计划，实施，控制效率、成本效益流、原材料的存储、工序内存货、产成品、从产地到消费地的相关信息等以满足客户需求。

From these definitions logistics can be briefly described like this: “Logistics means having the right thing, at the right place, at the right time.” At its heart, logistics deals with satisfying the customer.从以上定义中可将物流简要的描述为：物流指的是使正确的东西在正确的时间位于正确的地点，其核心是满足消费者的需求。

In a more practical sense, logistics refers to the systematic management of the various activities required to move benefits from their point of production to the customer. But logistics encompasses much more than just the transport of goods.从更切实际意义角度讲，物流指的是对各种活动进行系统的管理，以使（产品本身的）价值从其生产地转移到消费者手中。

物流所包含的意思远非货物运输。

The concept of benefits goes beyond the product or service itself toinclude issues regarding timing, quantity, supporting services, location and cost. So a basic definition of logistics is the continuous process of meeting customer needs by ensuring the availability of the right benefits at the right time and right place for a right price for the right customer. These concepts apply equally well to for-profit industries and non-profit organizations.（对消费者而言）“价值”这一概念超越了产品或服务本身，更包括了与时间、数量、配套服务、地点和成本相关的问题。

所以，物流的一个基本定义是指不断满足消费者需求，保证（货物）价值在正确的时间、正确的地点以正确的价格到正确的顾客手中。

这一概念同时适用于盈利组织与非盈利组织。

However, logistics can mean different things to different organization. Some organizations are more concerned with production of the benefits; so their management focuses on the flow of raw materials into the production process rather than on delivering the final goods to the user. Alternatively, some organizations are much more concerned with the flow of finished goods from the end of the production line to the ultimate customer. Finally, some organizations view logistics as embracing both materials management and physical distribution.然而，物流对于不同的组织而言意味着不同的东西。