维多利亚时代【英文】
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维多利亚时代【英文】 victorian period
Victorian Period
• Women for suffrage – did not succeed until 1918 (30 & over) • Universal adult suffrage 1928 extended vote to women at age 21 • Factory Acts – limited child & women labor • State supported schools est. in 1870; compulsory in 1880; free in 1891 • Literacy rate increased from 40% to 90% from 1840-1900.
• First Reform Bill in 1832 extended vote to all men who owned property worth 10 lbs • Second Reform Act in 1867 gave the right to vote to working-class men (except agricod
• Intellectual Progress
• Understanding of earth, its creatures & natural laws (geology, Darwin – theory of evolution) • Industrialization of England depended on and supported science and technology.
Victorian Period
• Paradox of progress
• Victorian – synonym for prude; extreme repression; even furniture legs had to be concealed under heavy cloth not to be “suggestive”
Victorian Era 维多利亚时代
TYPICAL INCOMES (YEARLY)
Aristocrats £30,000 Merchants, bankers £10,000 Middle-class (doctors, lawyers, clerks) £300-800 Lower middle-class (head teachers, journalists, shopkeepers, etc.) £150-300 Skilled workers (carpenters, typesetters,etc.) £75100 Sailors and domestic staff £40-75 Laborers, soldiers £25
19TH CENTURY ENGLAND
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
It accelerated the migration of the population from country to overcrowded c 1876 the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell The radio was invented in 1895 by Guglielmo Marconi. The camera, toilet, sewing machine, vacuum, train and stamp were all created during the Victorian Era. Factories began to be powered by steam. The police force was created during this period.
Great Expectations
The Victorian Period (维多利亚时期)
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Features of Dickens’ Novels 狄更斯文学创作的特色
Sharp social criticism. 尖锐的社会批评 Gentle humanitarian. 温和的人道主义 vivid outward portrayal 生动的人物塑造 Humorous and Pungent irony 幽默辛辣的讽刺
• The best he can do seems to try to retain an optimism with wishful thinking, as in his early works, or to express a helpless indignant protest. At the same time, he hopes to call people‘s attention to the existing social problems, thus affecting some reform。
of cites《双城记》
译文：
那是最美好的时代，那是最糟糕的时代； 那是智慧的年头，那是愚昧的年头；那 是信仰的时期，那是怀疑的时期；那是 光明的季节，那是黑暗的季节；那是希 望的春天，那是失望的冬天；我们拥有 一切，我们一无所有;我们全都在直奔 天堂，我们全都在直奔地狱。
• He lies buried in the Poet’s Corner in London. • The words of his grave read as follows ”by his death one of England’s greatest writers is lost to the world.”
Oliver Twist
Features of Dickens’ Novels 狄更斯文学创作的特色
Sharp social criticism. 尖锐的社会批评 Gentle humanitarian. 温和的人道主义 vivid outward portrayal 生动的人物塑造 Humorous and Pungent irony 幽默辛辣的讽刺
• The best he can do seems to try to retain an optimism with wishful thinking, as in his early works, or to express a helpless indignant protest. At the same time, he hopes to call people‘s attention to the existing social problems, thus affecting some reform。
of cites《双城记》
译文：
那是最美好的时代，那是最糟糕的时代； 那是智慧的年头，那是愚昧的年头；那 是信仰的时期，那是怀疑的时期；那是 光明的季节，那是黑暗的季节；那是希 望的春天，那是失望的冬天；我们拥有 一切，我们一无所有;我们全都在直奔 天堂，我们全都在直奔地狱。
• He lies buried in the Poet’s Corner in London. • The words of his grave read as follows ”by his death one of England’s greatest writers is lost to the world.”
Oliver Twist
英美Chapter 5 维多利亚的时代
Chapter 5: The Victorian Period （维多利亚时代）part 1 Historical Background➢Time Span (para.1, p156)1837-1901 to coincide with the reign of Queen Victoria（维多利亚女王的统治时期）➢Victorian Period can be divided into 3 parts/stages:The early Victorian period（早）The mid-Victorian period（中）The late Victorian period（晚）Victorian Period is an extremely diverse and contradictory age. (para.1, p156)维多利亚时代是一个极其多样化和矛盾的时代。
imperial expansion, political reform, scientific progress帝国扩张，政治改革，科学进步Cruel exploitation, social injustice, desperate poverty残酷的剥削，社会不公，极度的贫困It was an age of “paradise for the well-to-do, a purgatory for the able, and a hell for the poor. 那是一个富人的天堂，能人的炼狱，穷人的地狱的时代。
-John Morley 早期的维多利亚时代(para.2, p156)1.Industrial Revolution （工业革命）→introduction of coal & steam engine(煤和蒸汽机)→transportation --> world trade market(运输—世界贸易市场)→profound economic & social changes（深刻的经济社会变革）2.Industrial Revolution (工业革命)→make up a new kind of working class(组成了一种新的工人阶级)→horrifying slums & cramped row housing(可怕的贫民窟和拥挤的排屋)→A huge gap between the rich and the poor(贫富之间的巨大差距)3. THE REFORM BALL of 1832 (议会通过选举改革法案)①It extended the voting rights to the men of the middle class.它扩大了中产阶级男性的投票权。
维多利亚时代简介(权威英文版)
Victorian Drama
The theater was a flourishing and popular institution during the Victorian period. The popularity of theater influenced other genres. Bernard Shaw and Oscar Wilde transformed British theater with their comic masterpieces.
Charles Darwin(达尔文）
Charles Dickens
(1812-1870)
Charles Dickens
Pickwick Papers (1836-7) 《匹克威克外传》 Oliver Twist (1837-1838)《奥利佛.退斯特》 The Old Curiosity Shop (1841) 《老古玩店》 Dombey and Son:(1846_48) 《董贝父子》 David Copperfield: (1849-50)《大卫*科波菲尔》 Bleak House (1854) 《荒凉山庄》 Hard Times (1854)《艰难时世》 Little Dorrit (1855-57)《小杜丽》 A Tale Of Two Cities (1859) 《双城记》 Great Expectations (1860_61) 《远大前程》
English Literature in the Victorian Period
Queen Victoria
English Literature in the Victorian Period
英国文学Victorian Era 维多利亚时代52页PPT
42、只有在人群中间，才能认识自 己。——德国
43、重复别人所说的话，只需要教育； 而要挑战别人所说的话，则需要头脑。—— 玛丽·佩蒂博恩·普尔
44、卓越的人一大优点是：在不利与艰 难的遭遇里百折不饶。——贝多芬
45、自己的饭量自己知道。——苏联
英国文学Victorian Fra bibliotekra 维多利亚时代
41、俯仰终宇宙，不乐复何如。 42、夏日长抱饥，寒夜无被眠。 43、不戚戚于贫贱，不汲汲于富贵。 44、欲言无予和，挥杯劝孤影。 45、盛年不重来，一日难再晨。及时 当勉励 ，岁月 不待人 。
41、学问是异常珍贵的东西，从任何源泉吸 收都不可耻。——阿卜·日·法拉兹
43、重复别人所说的话，只需要教育； 而要挑战别人所说的话，则需要头脑。—— 玛丽·佩蒂博恩·普尔
44、卓越的人一大优点是：在不利与艰 难的遭遇里百折不饶。——贝多芬
45、自己的饭量自己知道。——苏联
英国文学Victorian Fra bibliotekra 维多利亚时代
41、俯仰终宇宙，不乐复何如。 42、夏日长抱饥，寒夜无被眠。 43、不戚戚于贫贱，不汲汲于富贵。 44、欲言无予和，挥杯劝孤影。 45、盛年不重来，一日难再晨。及时 当勉励 ，岁月 不待人 。
41、学问是异常珍贵的东西，从任何源泉吸 收都不可耻。——阿卜·日·法拉兹
The Victorian Age 维多利亚时代
Mid-Victoria (1855-1879)
Late-Victoria (1868-1902)
The predominant theme in the early Victorian literature.
The Progress of Reform
Political &Social Background
Charlotte Bronte
• Famous work: Jane Eyre
• Promoted the development of feminism.
• Pseudonym: Currer Bell
William Makepeace Thackeray
• Feature of his writing: His novels contain satirical portrayal of the upper stratum of society。
lawer’s clerk: full of self-conceit, prudishness, petty tyranny and ignorance Conclusion: They are pinned on that class, that it was
servile to its social superiors and despotic to its social inferiors.
• Works: Oliver Twist, The Tale of Two Cities, David Copperfeild, Great Expectations.
A Tale of Two Cities
A Tale of Two Cities
街上落下一个大酒桶，磕散了，这次意外事件是在酒桶从车上搬下来时出现的。那 桶一骨碌滚了下来，桶箍散开，酒桶躺在酒馆门外的石头上，像核桃壳一样碎开了。
Late-Victoria (1868-1902)
The predominant theme in the early Victorian literature.
The Progress of Reform
Political &Social Background
Charlotte Bronte
• Famous work: Jane Eyre
• Promoted the development of feminism.
• Pseudonym: Currer Bell
William Makepeace Thackeray
• Feature of his writing: His novels contain satirical portrayal of the upper stratum of society。
lawer’s clerk: full of self-conceit, prudishness, petty tyranny and ignorance Conclusion: They are pinned on that class, that it was
servile to its social superiors and despotic to its social inferiors.
• Works: Oliver Twist, The Tale of Two Cities, David Copperfeild, Great Expectations.
A Tale of Two Cities
A Tale of Two Cities
街上落下一个大酒桶，磕散了，这次意外事件是在酒桶从车上搬下来时出现的。那 桶一骨碌滚了下来，桶箍散开，酒桶躺在酒馆门外的石头上，像核桃壳一样碎开了。
The Victorian Age英国文学维多利亚时期
--The 1st Reform Act of 1832 and the 2nd Reform act of 1867 : reform in the electoral system leading to a more democratic society
---,1830, 1850, 1900, Public railway across England and an underground rail system beneath London ---Great Exhibition of 1851 and Crystal Palace (locomotives, machine tools, power looms, reapers, steamboat engines and etc)
huge profit worse living condition workers long-hour working never-adequate food
conflicts
the Chartist Movement
（宪章运动）
What is the Chartist Movement ? 宪章运动
The Victorian age (1832-1901)
◆ Historical Situation An Age of Unrest and Dispute
Social unrest unemployment, poverty, slums in large cites, terrible working conditions; Chartist Movement; petitions for women’s suffrage; the Married Women's Property Acts Intellectual diversity
英语研究生-维多利亚时代Victorian era
hairstyle
hat
183018Βιβλιοθήκη 019001900
Darkness-About Women
The Victorian era women 's social status were low.They had no action right,voting right and property right.They were limited by Victorian Ethics,including magnificent clothing,asceticism and so on.
the harm of Corset（束腰）
The Angel in the House
Man must be pleased; but him to please Is woman's pleasure; down the gulf Of his condoled necessities She casts her best, she flings her breast ... As grass grows taller round a stone.
Magnificence-Fashion
Lace（蕾丝）
Flounce（荷叶边）
Ribbon（缎带）
Magnificence-Fashion
High waist Frill（抓褶）
Magnificence-Fashion
Gigot sleeve（羊腿袖）
Bustle Dress（撑裙）
Magnificence-Fashion
the ideal wife
Darkness-Imperialism
When the middle and later period of the era,the country changed from laisser-faire capitalism to monopoly capitalism--imperialism.It invaded other countries and competed against other imperialist countries.And then,finally,First World War broke out.
英国文学Victorian Era 维多利亚时代 PPT
Women and family life
• Capitalism created the conditions for women's emancipation.
• Three stages: 1.In the pre-industrial era 2.The "family wage
economy" of early industrialization
• 2) His artistic techniques :
• （1） His chief contribution to literature was his characterization of the underdogs and unprivileged
• （2） In his characterization and description of scenes he has a tendency to depict the grotesque (very odd, unusual, fantastically ugly or absurd) character or events.
Colonial Expansion
Victorian Era
Society
• Factory system • Women and family life • Standers of living • Urbanization
Factory system
• The appearance of machine changes the situation of factory and workers.
•a long period of peace :
known as the Pax Britannica(不列颠治世), and economic, colonial, and industrial consolidation
世界历史上的重要人物英国女王维多利亚的时代
世界历史上的重要人物英国女王维多利亚的时代维多利亚女王（Queen Victoria）是英国历史上一位伟大而具有重要影响力的君主。
她的时代，即维多利亚时代（Victoria era），持续了整整六十三年，成为英国历史上最长的君主统治时代。
在这段时间里，维多利亚女王的领导力、决策力以及个人魅力塑造了整个英国的政治、经济和社会发展。
一、背景维多利亚女王于1819年5月24日出生在伦敦肯辛顿宫，是父亲爱德华四世的唯一女儿。
1840年，她与德国的奥古斯都亲王（Prince Albert）结婚，这段婚姻也被视为对英国历史产生深远影响的重要一环。
二、国内政治改革维多利亚女王即位时，英国正处于政治改革的关键时期。
工业革命的兴起导致了社会结构的变化和阶级矛盾的加剧。
作为君主，维多利亚女王采取了一系列政治改革措施，以维持王室的权威，并平衡社会不稳定。
首先，维多利亚女王与她的首相罗伯特·皮尔（Robert Peel）一起推动了一系列关键的政治改革法案。
其中包括《1832年改革法案》（Reform Act 1832），该法案扩大了选举人群体，使更多的人有参与政治的机会。
另一项重要的法案是《1867年改革法案》（Reform Act 1867），该法案进一步扩大了中产阶级的选举权。
此外，维多利亚女王还致力于改革英国的司法体系。
她支持建立了更加公正和高效的法院系统，并高度关注底层社会的法律保护问题。
她的努力使得英国法律体系更加完善，并为后世奠定了坚实的基础。
三、经济繁荣与帝国建设维多利亚女王时代是英国经济快速发展和帝国建设的时期。
工业革命带来了前所未有的经济繁荣，英国迅速成为世界上第一个工业化国家。
这一时期的英国在技术、贸易、军事和殖民地建设方面都取得了巨大的成就。
维多利亚女王的丈夫奥古斯都亲王在经济领域发挥了重要作用。
他主导了《1851年伦敦世界博览会》（The Great Exhibition of 1851），展示了英国工业与技术的领先地位，进一步推动了工业化进程。
维多利亚时期
Novelists
Charles Dickens
查尔斯·狄更斯 (1812-1870)
生平与创作
童年的不幸经历
报界的积累期
走上创作道路
侨居国外
晚年的演讲、朗诵生涯 最终，shi了
主要创作 14部长篇小说 & 中短篇小说
创作的第一期（30年代） • 《匹克威克外传》 • 《奥利弗·推斯特》 • 《尼古拉斯·尼古贝》 • 《老古玩店》 • 《巴纳比·拉齐》
1.1832-1848, the first reform bill—the industrial capitalists gain their power in Parliament. --This bill extended the right to vote to the industrial capitalists and the lower middle class, but not the workers. 2.The Whig Party, which represented the interests of the industrial capitalists and businessmen, came into power. 3.The Chartist movement—in 1845,– the capitalists not take responsibility for the poverty of the working class– workers launched large scale demonstrations. 4.The Heyday of the Victorian Age.the country enjoyed two decades of peace and prosperity—by 1848, England produced one half of the world’s pig iron; 5.by the early 70s, England had become the workshop of the world and the world’s banker.—it was a period of complacency, stability and optimism. 6.By 1890, England continued to grow in strength. the British Empire had comprised more than a quarter of all the territory on the surface of the earth—the empire on which the sun never sets.—a period of serenity and security. 7.The fierce competition of newly risen rivals, Germany, The Us, Japan and Russia. Economic crisis continued to hit the country.
victorian period名词解释
victorian period名词解释
维多利亚时期（Victorian period）指的是1837年至1901年之间，维多利亚女王统治英国的时期。
这是英国工业革命的巅峰时期，也是英国经济、文化和科学发展的黄金时代。
维多利亚女王在位期间，英国从一个农业为主的国家转变为一个工业和商业强国，成为了全球最大的经济体。
同时，维多利亚时期也是英国文学、艺术和建筑的重要时期，许多经典作品和建筑在这一时期诞生。
此外，维多利亚女王本人也成为了一个文化象征，她的形象和价值观影响了整个欧洲和北美。
unit 12 The Victorian Age维多利亚时代
Charles Darwin 1809-1882
An English naturalist who was famous for his famous theory of "natural selection". As a young scientist he set sail on the voyage of the Beagle in 1831 and came back with observations on the varieties of fossils and living animals which made him question the Bible's story of creation. His findings were published in "The Origin of Species" in 1859. This theory caused a real stir and was sold out straight away.
• Queen Victoria ruled over Britain from 1837 – 1901. During this time Britain changed dramatically.
• The main reason for the change was the Industrial Revolution, which saw people moving from the countryside to the cities to find jobs in the newly expanding factories.
• British Empire expansion
– “The sun never sets on England.” – India, North America, South Pacific, etc.
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Children and crime: Many destitute children lived by stealing and they were seen as threats to society. Something had to be done about them to preserve law and order.
• The housing shortage: Workers wanted to live nearby their working places because it was time-saving. As a result of these demands and overcrowded conditions, the housing became scarce and expensive; therefore, so many people preferred slum-housing.
• Prostitution:Beginning in the late 1840s, major
Queen Victoria ( 1837-1901)
An age of transition Thanks to industry and trade, England became the wealthiest nation
“The sun never sets on England”
• Britain was unchallenged military power • Britain dominated Global trade and expanded as a colonial empire in India, Australia, Africa and Brazil
• Destitution: Many cases of death caused by starvation and destitution were reported. In 1850, an inquest was held on a 38 year old woman whose body was reported as being little more than a skeleton, and her child as a „skeleton infant‟. • Homeless children: There were children living with their families in these desperate situations but there were also numerous, homeless children living on the streets of London.
• Growth of the cities: Due to the industrialisation, people were flocking into cities to search for better lives. • The search for employment: Both unskilled and skilled people demanded work, so the wages were low. Life conditions were too hard. • Child Labour: Children had to work long hours and under difficult conditions to help the family budget.
Kellow Chesney made a description of slum-housing in his book “The Victorian Underworld” : „Hideous slums, some of them acres wide, some no more than crannies of obscure misery, make up a substantial part of the, metropolis … In big, once handsome houses, thirty or more people of all ages may inhabit a single room,‟
Henry Mayhew argued that: „since crime was not caused by illiteracy, it cannot be cured education … the only certain effects being the emergence of a more skilful and sophisticated race of criminals‟
• Society‟s attitude towards the poor: This is
clearly demonstrated in a hymn published in 1848 Cecil Frances Alexander: “The rich man in his castle, The poor man at his gate, God made them, high and lowly, And order’d their estate”
• Factories were foun important and profitable. • Railways, canals and steamships provided Britain with the transportation between Britain and its colonies. • Urbanization, poverty and child labour emerged.