unit4

② Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object
immersed in it．
2. Putting in Necessary Connectives ① However carefully boiler casings and steam pipes are sealed, some heat escapes and is lost． 不管锅炉壳与蒸汽管封闭得多么严密，还是 还是有一 还是 部分热散失损耗掉。 ② Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it． 因为空气具有重量，所以 所以处在空气中的任何物体 所以 都会受到空气的作用力。
2. Putting in Necessary Connectives e.g. Heated, water will change into vapor． 水如受热，就会汽化。 就 如 Pairwork: ① However carefully boiler casings and steam pipes are sealed, some heat escapes and is lost．
2. Adding Necessary Articles e.g. 我们对问题要做全面的分析，才能解决得妥 当。 We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved. 耳朵是用来听声音的器官，鼻子用来嗅气味，舌 头用来尝滋味。 The ear is the organ which is used for hearing. The nose is used for smelling. The tongue is used for tasting.
4. Adding Necessary Prepositions Pairwork: 咱们校门口见吧。 Let's meet at the school gate. 你是白天工作还是夜间工作？ Do you work in the daytime or at night? 该地区已没什么城乡差别。 There is little difference between town and country side in this region.
7. Amplification by Repetition e.g. Avoid using this computer in extreme cold, heat, dust or humidity． 不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过重、湿度过大的情况 过 过 过 过 下使用此电脑。 I had experienced oxygen or/and engine trouble． 我曾经遇到的情况，不是氧气设备出故障 出故障，就是 出故障 引擎出故障 出故障，或两者都出故障 出故障。 出故障 出故障
1. Adding Necessary Pronouns e.g. ‘大作收到，十分高兴。 I was very glad to have received your writing. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. 交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改 的地方。 Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.
Forexample, the translation of the word "wash": Mary washes before meals． 玛丽饭前洗手 手 Mary washes before going to bed． 玛丽睡前洗漱。 漱 Mary washes after getting up． 玛丽起床后洗脸。 脸 Mary washes for a living． 玛丽靠洗衣度日。 衣 Mary washes in a restaurant． 玛丽在饭店洗碗碟 碗碟。 碗碟
• 作为翻译的一个普遍准则，译者不应对原文的内 作为翻译的一个普遍准则， 容随意增添或缩减。不过， 容随意增添或缩减。不过，由于英汉两种语言文 字之间所存在驹悬殊差异， 字之间所存在驹悬殊差异，在实际翻译过程中很 难做到词字上的完全对应。因此， 难做到词字上的完全对应。因此，为了准确地传 达出原文的信息， 达出原文的信息，译者往往需要对译文作一些增 添或删减， 添或删减，把原文中隐含的一些东西适当增补出 以便于读者理解。 来，以便于读者理解。 •Amplification, also called addition, means supplying necessary words in our translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original.
பைடு நூலகம்
4. Adding Necessary Prepositions Pairwork:
① 咱们校门口见吧。 ② 你是白天工作还是夜间工作？ ③ 该地区已没什么城乡差别。
5. Adding Necessary Background Words 三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind. 别班门弄斧。 Don't try to show off your proficiency with the ax before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 这真是俗话说的，“旁观者清”。 It is just as the proverb goes, "The onlooker sees most of the game.”
① 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
② 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.
5. Amplification by Logical Analysis e.g. Air pressure decreases with altitude． 海拔高度的增加 增加而下降。 气压随海拔 海拔 增加 I was taught that two sides of a triangle were greater than the third。 我学过，三角形的两边之和 之和大于第三边。 之和
4. Putting in Words to Indicate Different Tenses or Sequences • We won‘t retreat; we never have and never will.我们 我们不会 不会后退，我们从未后退过，将来 将来也绝不后 不会 将来 退。
Unit 4 Amplification （增词法）
I．增词法在英汉翻译中的运用 • 1．增添原文所省略的词语 • 2．增添必要的连接词语 • 3．表达出复数概念 • 4．表现不同的时态或先后顺序 • 5．逻辑性增词 • 6．从修辞连贯角度考虑增词 • 7．重复性增词 II．增词法在汉英翻译中的运用 • 1．增添必要的代词 2．增添必要的冠词 • 3．增添必要的连接词语 4．增添必要的介词 • 5．增添必要的背景词语
• Many ideas, idiomatic expressions and shorthand words, etc. that are well understood in the country of their origin can hardly make sense to people abroad.
II．Amplification in Chinese-English Translation ． 1. Adding Necessary Pronouns 2. Adding Necessary Articles 3. Adding Necessary Connectives 4. Adding Necessary Prepositions 5. Adding Necessary Background Words
② A scientist constantly tried to defeat his
hypotheses, his theories, and his conclusion．
① I came to a garden of grottoes, pavilions and shapely rocks and trees． 玲珑，山石嶙 我来到一个假山花园前，园中亭阁玲珑 玲珑 嶙 葱郁。 岣，树木葱郁。 葱郁 ② A scientist constantly tried to defeat his hypotheses, his theories, and his conclusion． 科学家经常设法推翻 推翻自己的假设，否定 否定自己的理 推翻 否定 论，放弃 放弃自己的结论。 放弃
3. Adding Necessary Connectives 老师在等我，我得走了。 The teacher is expecting me, so I must be off now. Pairwork:
① 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 ② 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
3. Adding Necessary Connectives Keys：