2014英语二真题解析

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2014年全国考研英语二真题及答案解析.doc

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured、【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。

2014年全国卷2英语试题答案及详细解析

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷英语参考答案第一部分1—5 BCDCC 6—10 ADADD 11—15 ADBBA 16—20 BGCAF第三部分21—25 CADBD 26—30 CDADB 31—35 ACBAC 36—40 BDACB41.being 42. and 43. disappointed 44. to 45. caught46. to stop 47. riding 48.Did 49. me/mine 50. suddenly第四部分My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lessonTherein the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework.don’t muchTherefore , we have more time with after-school activities. For example, we can do readingforfor one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day.hoursMy dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowerslooksand trees around the classroom, buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by thesit lake listenin g∧music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only ourto helpfulteachers but also our friends.书面表达One Possible VersionI often imagine what my life will be like in the future. I think my life will be very different in ten years. I will be twenty-eight years old by then. I will have my own family. Probably with a lovely child. I hope I will work in a computer company as a program designer. I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues, I will do a good job in whatever I do. In my free/spare time, I will continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games. On my holidays, I will travel around the world. In a word, my life will be much richer and more colorful.2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷解析阅读理解A篇genre美[ˈʒɑnrə]体裁 a story about kindness of people in Sydney 体现人性的真、善、美B篇topic:environmental protection(环保)C篇hot topic（热门话题）: Chinese Fever(汉语热)au pair [,əu'pεə][法语][英国英语](尤指外地来的)以帮做家务换取食宿的年轻女佣工；“互裨[bì]”姑娘(以授课、协助家务等只换取膳宿、学习英语、不取报酬的外国女子)D篇地铁小手册/指南考查学生快速查找提取有用信息的能力信息匹配题关于在繁忙中如何烹饪的小建议，难度适宜。

2014年考研英语二真题及答案解析

2014年考研英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured、【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。

2014考研英语二答案及解析

2014考研英语二答案及解析2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题解析Section I Use of English1、【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。

根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded符合题意，其他选项denied（否认）与意义相反，doubled（翻倍）与题意较远，ensured（确保）不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。

所以正确答案为B。

2、【答案】A protective【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。

根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。

Dangerous和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。

3、【答案】C likewise【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。

_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。

需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。

A 选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D选项therefore 表示因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样地；也，而且。

因此正确答案为C。

4、【答案】A indicator【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。

A选项，表示指示器，指标。

B选项objective表示客观；C选项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。

根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。

因此正确答案为A。

5、【答案】D concern【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加_____是，很难对肥胖加以定义。

A、impact（印象）；B、relevance（相关性）；C、assistance（辅助）；D、concern （关注）。

2014年考研英语二真题及答案详解

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have 1 that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually 2 . For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. 3 among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an 4 of good health.Of even greater 5 is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is oftendefined 6 body mass index, or BMI. BMI 7 body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, 8 ,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional footballplayers 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) 14 to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes 15 in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes 16 with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. 17 very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, 18 in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19 .My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign 20 childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] concluded [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] while [C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] computed [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] withoutSectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文是一篇关于肥胖与健康关系新说法的议论文。

2014年考研英语(二)真题及答案

2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)①Thinner isn’t always better. ②A number of studies have 1 that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. ③And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually 2 . ④ For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deﬁciency than thin women. ⑤ 3 , among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an 4 of good health.①Of even greater 5 is the fact that obesity turns out to be very diﬃcult to deﬁne. ②It is often deﬁned 6 body mass index, or BMI. ③BMI 7 body mass divided by the square of height. ④An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. ⑤Between 25 and 30 is overweight. ⑥And over 30 is considered obese. ⑦Obesity, 8 , can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.①While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. ②Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. ③Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely ﬁt, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 . ④For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. ⑤Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.①Today we have a(n) 14 to label obesity as a disgrace. ②The overweight are sometimes 15 in the media with their faces covered. ③Stereotypes 16 with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. ④Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. ⑤ 17 very young childrentend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.①Negative attitudes toward obesity, 18 in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19 . ②My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities.③Many employers have instituted weight loss and ﬁtness initiatives. ④Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign 20 childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] concluded [C] doubted [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] suﬃcient [D] troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in respects of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modiﬁes8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] while [C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] qualify [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] compared [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] withoutSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1①What would you do with $590m? ②This is now a question for Gloria MacKenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. ③If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulﬁlment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.①These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. ②Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. ③Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears oﬀfairly quickly. ④What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. ⑤It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. ⑥These purchases often become more valuable with time—as stories or memories—particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.①This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck.”②It seems most people would be better oﬀ if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). ③Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. ④This is apparently the reason McDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib—a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.①Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulﬁlment, not hunger.②Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. ③Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. ④Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. ⑤But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21. According to Dunn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A] A big house. [B] A special tour. [C] A stylish car. [D] A rich meal.22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is_____.[A] critical [B] supportive [C] sympathetic [D] ambiguous23. McRib is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to show that_____.[A] consumers are sometimes irrational[B] popularity usually comes after quality[C] marketing tricks are often eﬀective[D] rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money_____.[A] has left much room for readers’ criticism[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C] has predicted a wider income gap in the US[D] may give its readers a sense of achievement25. This text mainly discusses how to____.[A] balance feeling good and spending money[B] spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D] become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2①An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. ②We have a deep-seated need to feel goodabout ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to achieve this.③Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the “above average effect,” or “illusory superiority,” and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.①We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-aﬃrming situations. ②We become defensive when criticised, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem.③We stalk around thinking we’re hot stuﬀ.①Psychologist and behavioural scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study into self-enhancement and attractiveness. ②Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. ③Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process, occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation.”④If the subjects quickly chose a falsely ﬂattering image—which most did—they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.①Epley found no signiﬁcant gender diﬀerence in responses. ②Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored pictures were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. ③In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other markers for having higher self-esteem. ④“I don’t think the ﬁndings that we have are any evidence of personal delusion,” says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves.”⑤If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing.①Knowing the results of Epley’s study, it makes sense that many people hate photographs of themselves viscerally—on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves. ②Facebook, therefore, is a self-enhancer’s paradise, where people can share only the most ﬂattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyles. ③It’s not that people’s proﬁles are dishonest, says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University, “but they portray an idealised version of themselves. ”26. According to the ﬁrst paragraph, social psychologists have found that ____.[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B] illusory superiority is a baseless eﬀect[C] our need for leadership is unnatural[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineﬀective27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s_____.[A] rapid matching [B] conscious choice[C] intuitive response [D] automatic self-defence28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to_____.[A] underestimate their insecurities [B] believe in their attractiveness[C] cover up their depressions [D] oversimplify their illusions29. The word “viscerally” (Para. 5) is closest in meaning to_____.[A] instinctively [B] occasionally [C] particularly [D] aggressively30. It can be inferred that Facebook is a self-enhancer’s paradise because people can_____.[A] present their dishonest proﬁles [B] deﬁne their traditional lifestyles[C] share their intellectual pursuits [D] withhold their unﬂattering sidesText 3①The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.②And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle. ③Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines.④Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we cannot immediately foresee.①When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. ②This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT’s Center for Digital Business.①This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. ②And yet, John Hagel, author of ThePower of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the ﬁrst place.①Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be “tightly scripted” and “highly standardized” ones that leave no room for “individual initiative or creativity.”②In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. ③That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel says.①It’s time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. ②In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination “to respond to unexpected events.”③That is not something machines are good at. ④They are designed to perform very predictable activities.①As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.②We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. ③In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it. ④So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather, “how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”31. According to the ﬁrst paragraph, economic downturns would_____.[A] ease the competition of man vs. machine[B] highlight machines’ threat to human jobs[C] provoke a painful technological revolution[D] outmode our current economic structure32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that_____.[A] technology is diminishing man’s job opportunities[B] automation is accelerating technological development[C] certain jobs will remain intact after automation[D] man will ﬁnally win the race against machine33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often_____.[A] performed by innovative minds[B] scripted with an individual style[C] standardized without a clear target[D] designed against human creativity34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed_____.[A] the predictability of machine behavior in practice[B] the formula for how work is conducted eﬃciently[C] the ways machines replace human labor in modern times[D] the necessity of human involvement in the workplace35. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] How to Innovate Our Work Practices?[B] Machines Will Replace Human Labor[C] Can We Win the Race Against Machines?[D] Economic Downturns Stimulate InnovationsText 4①When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. ②Housing is seldom mentioned.①Why is that? ②To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. ③We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth.④Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. ⑤It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere.⑥But perhaps the most signiﬁcant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.①Nevertheless, the aﬀordable housing situation is desperate. ②Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.①The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. ②It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.①There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. ②The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more ﬂexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housingstock debt. ③Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next ﬁve years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.①Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a signiﬁcant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.①But it is not just down to the government. ②While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5bn programme of grants to fund new aﬀordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then. ③The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if it returns to power. ④The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to the era of large-scale public grants. ⑤We need to adjust to this changing climate.①While the government’s commitment to long-term funding may have changed, the very pressing need for more aﬀordable housing is real and is not going away.36. The author believes that the housing sector_____.[A] has attracted much attention[B] has lost its real value in economy[C] shoulders too much responsibility[D] involves certain political factors37. It can be learned that aﬀordable housing has_____.[A] suﬀered government biases[B] increased its home supply[C] oﬀered spending opportunities[D] disappointed the government38. According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may_____.[A] prepare to reduce housing stock debt[B] release a lifted GDP growth forecast[C] allow greater government debt for housing[D] stop local authorities from building homes39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_____.[A] lower the costs of registered providers[B] relieve the ministers of responsibilities[C] contribute to funding new developments[D] lessen the impact of government interference40. The author believes that after 2015, the government may_____.[A] implement more policies to support housing[B] stop generous funding to the housing sector[C] renew the aﬀordable housing grants programme[D] review the need for large-scale public grantsPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column, Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional conﬁnes of the studio and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance of the land itself as their medium.The British land art, typified by Richard Long’s piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long’s photograph of his work is the work. Since his “action” is in the past, the photograph is its sole embodiment.That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relatively few natural objects.Long is Britain’s best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor, represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form. The Boyle Family, on the other hand, stand for its dirty, urban aspect. Comprisingartists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the commonplaceness that characterises most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard’s very funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be diﬀerent parts of the same photograph.Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. While it probably wasn’t apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood. Derek Jarman’s yellow-tinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash.In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can’t help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay. A typical work, such as Seven Days, consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk, with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn’t about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, but the results were as gallery-bound as the paintings of Turner and Constable.[A] originates from a long walk that the artist took.41. Stone Circle[B] illustrates a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art.42. Olaf Street Study[C] reminds people of the English landscape painting tradition.43. Across the Park[D] represents the elegance of the British land art.44. Towards Avebury[E] depicts the ordinary side of the British land art.45. Seven days[F] embodies a romantic escape into the Scottish outdoors.[G] contains images from diﬀerent parts of the same photograph.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET . (15 points)Most people would deﬁne optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full. But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. When he feels down—say, after giving a bad lecture—he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less eﬀective than others. Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him an email to1) tell him about your living habits, and2) ask for advice about living there.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)2014年英语（二）试题参考答案Section I Use of English1. B. concluded2. A. protective3.C. Likewise4. A. indicator5. D. concern6. A.in terms of7. C. equals8. C.in turn9. D. straightforward10. B. while11. A. shape12. B. qualify13. C. normal14. D. tendency15. B. pictured16. D. associated17. A. Even18. D. grounded19. C. policies20. B. againstSection Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part AText121. B. A special tour.22. A. critical23. D. rarity generally increases pleasure24. B. may prove to be a worthwhile purchase25. C. obtain lasting satisfaction from money spentText226. A. our self-ratings are unrealistically high27. C. intuitive response28. B. believe in their attractiveness29. A. instinctively30. D. withhold their unﬂattering sidesText331. B. highlight machines’ threat to human jobs32. A. technology is diminishing man’s job opportunities33. D. designed against human creativity34. D. the necessity of human involvement in the workplace35. C. Can We Win the Race Against Machines?Text436. D. involves certain political factors37. A. suﬀered government biases38. C. allow greater government debt for housing39. C. contribute to funding new developments40. B. stop generous funding to the housing sectorPart B41. D. represents the elegance of the British land art.42. E. depicts the ordinary side of the British land art.43. G. contains images from diﬀerent parts of the same photograph.44. C. reminds people of the English landscape painting tradition.45. A. originates from a long walk that the artist took.Section III Translation46.大多数人都会把乐观定义为永远快乐，觉得杯子里总有半杯水。

2014年全国2卷高考英语真题及详细解析(解析版,学生版,精校版,新课标Ⅱ卷)

2014年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

1．（1.5分）What does the woman want to do？A．Find a place B．Buy a map C．Get an address．2．（1.5分）What will the man do for the woman？A．Repair her car．B．Give her a ride．C．Pick up her aunt．3．（1.5分）Who might Mr．Peterson be？A．A new professor．B．A department head．C．A company director．4．（1.5分）What does the man think of the book？A．Quite difficult．B．Very interesting．C．Too simple．5．（1.5分）What are the speakers talking about？A．Weather B．Clothes．C．News．6．（3分）听第6段材料，回答6、7题．6．Why is Harry unwilling to join the woman？A．He has a pain in his knee．B．He wants to watch TV．C．He is too lazy．7．What will the woman probably do next？A．Stay at home．B．Take Harry to hospital．C．Do some exercise．8．（3分）听第7段材料，回答第8、9题．8．When will the man be home from work？A．At 5：45．B．At 6：15．C．At 6：50．9．Where will the speakers go？A．The Green House Cinema．B．The New State Cinema．C．The UME Cinema．10．（4.5分）听第8段材料，回答第10至12题．10．How will the speakers go to New York？A．By air．B．By taxi．C．By bus．11．Why are the speakers making the trip？A．For business．B．For shopping．C．For hoilday．12．What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A．Driver and passenger．B．Husband and wife．C．Fellow workers．13．（6分）听第9段材料，回答第13～16题．13．Where does this conversation probably take place？A．In a restaurant．B．In an office．C．In a classroom．14．What does John do now？A．He's a trainer．B．He's a tour guide．C．He's a college student．15．How much can a new person earn for the first year？A.10，500．B.12，000．C.15，000．16．How many people will the woman hire？A．Four．B．Three．C．Two．17．（6分）听第10段材料，回答第17至20题．17．How long has the speaker lived in a big city？A．One year B．Ten years C．Eighteen years．18．What is the speaker's opinion on public transport？A．It's comfortable B．It's time﹣saving C．It's cheap19．Whay is good about living in a small town？A．It's safer B．It's healthier C．It's more convenient20．What kind of life does the speakers seem to like most？A．Busy B．Colourful C．Quiet．第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共4小题）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项．并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑．21．（8分）Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children．During the first week of his stay，he went out one day to do some shopping．He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone．He was extremelyworried as the suitcase had all his important papers，including his passport．He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city，thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one．Late in the evening，the phone rang．It was a stranger．He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions．Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath．My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents．Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers．Her parents had carefully sorted them out，although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents．At last they had seen a half﹣written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend．That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people．We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way．21．What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney？A．Go shoppingB．Find a houseC．Join his familyD．Take his family22．The girl's parents got Rashid's phone number from．A．a friend of his familyB．a Sydney policemanC．a letter in his papersD．a stranger in Sydney23．What does the underlined word"restored"in the last paragraph mean？A．ShowedB．Sent outC．DeliveredD．Gave back24．Which of the following can be the best title for the text？A．From India to Australia．B．Living in a a New Country．C．Turning Trash to Treasure．D．In Search of New Friends．25．（8分）Since the first Earth Day in 1970，American have gotten a lot"greener"toward the environment．"We didn't know at that time there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，"says Bruce Anderson，president of Earth Day USA．But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement．Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grass﹣roots Americans are taking part in the movement．"The understanding has increased many，many times，"says Gaylord Nelson，the former governor from Wisconsin，who thought up the first．According to US government reports，emissions （排放）from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3million tons a year to 5.5tons．The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40to 9．Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with，the world is a safer and healthier place．A kind of"Green thinking"has become part of practices．Great improvement has been achieved．In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs；today in 1995there are about 6，600．Advanced lights，motors，and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution．Twenty﹣five years ago，there were hardly any education programs for environment．Today，it's hard to find a public school，university，or law school that does not have such a kind of program．"Until we do that，nothing else willchange!"say Bruce Anderson．25．According to Anderson，before 1970，Americans had little idea aboutA．the social movementB．recycling techniquesC．environmental problemsD．the importance of Earth Day26．Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from？A．The grass﹣roots levelB．The business circleC．Government officialsD．University professors27．What have\Americans achieved in environmental protection？A．They have cut car emissions to the lowestB．They have settled their environmental problemsC．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities．D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures．28．What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph？A．EducationB．PlanningC．Green livingD．CO reduction．29．（6分）One of the latest trend（趋势）in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs．Au Pair in Stamford，for example，has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4，000since 2004．And that's true all across the country．"I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age"Joseph Stocke，the managing director of s company，says of his 2﹣year old son．"I would at least liketo give him the chance to use the language in the future，"After only six months of being cared by 25﹣year﹣old woman from China，the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions，his dad says．Li Drake，a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband，had another reason for looking for an au pair from China．She didn't want her children to miss out on their roots．"Because I am Chinese，my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to（接触）the language and culture．"she says．"Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom，"says Suzanne Flynn，a professor in language education of Children．"But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders．Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10or 12．" The popularity if au pairs from china has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese．It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years．29．What does that term"au pair"in the text mean？A．A mother raising her children on her ownB．A child learning a foreign language at homeC．A professor in language education of childrenD．A young foreign woman taking care of children．30．Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them．A．to live in China some dayB．to speak the language at homeC．to catch up wit other childrenD．to learn about the Chinese culture31．What can we infer from the text？A．Learning Chinese is becoming popular In America，B．Educated woman do better in looking after childrenC．Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills．D．Children can learn a foreign language well in six months．32．（8分）Metro Pocket GuideMetrorail（地铁）Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out．Up to two children under ago five may travel free with a paying customer．Farecard machine are in every station，Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the station and farecard machine only provide up to 5inchange．GetoneofunlimitedMetrorailrideswithaOneDayPass．Buyitfromafarecardmachinein Metrostations．Useitafter9：30a．m．untilclosingonweekdays，andalldayonweekendsandholidays．HoursofServiceOpen：5a．mMon﹣Fri 7a．m．Sat﹣Sun．Close midnight Sun﹣Thur．Lasttraintimevary．Toavoidmissingthelasttrain，pleasecheckthelasttraintimepostedinthestation．MetrobusWhenpayingwithexactchange，thefareis 1.35．when paying with a smatTripâ CARD the fare is $1.25Fares for the Senior/disabled customersSenior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare．On Metrorail and Metrobus，use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTripâ card．For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards，farecard or SmarTripR card and passes，please visit MetroOpenDoors．com or call 202﹣637﹣7000 and 202﹣637﹣8000．Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202﹣962﹣1100Travel tips．avoid riding during weekday rush periods﹣before 9：30 a．m．and between 4 and 6p．m．if you lose something on a bus or train or in a station，please call Lost Found at 202﹣962﹣1195．32．what should you know about farecard machine？A．Theystartsellingticketsat9：30a．m．B．Theyareconnectedtochangemachines．C．Theyofferspecialservicetotheelderly．D．Theymakechangefornomorethan5．33．At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday？A．At midnight B．at 3a．m．C．at 5am D．at 7p．m．34．What is good about a SmarTrip®card？A．It is convenient for old people B．It saves money for its usersC．it can be bought at any time D．it is sold on the Internet．35．Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro？A.202﹣962﹣1195B.202﹣962﹣1100C.202﹣673﹣7000D.202﹣673﹣8000．第二节（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．36．（10分）Tips for cooking on a Tight ScheduleFrom my experience，there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often：ability，money and time，（36）Money is a topic I'll save for another day．So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen．Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：①Think ahead．The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there is nothing ready to eat．So think about of the coming week．When will you have time to cook？Do you have the right materials ready？（37）②Make your time worth it．When you do find time to cook a meal，make the most ofit and save yourself time later on．Are you making one loaf of bread？（38）it takes around the same amount of time to make more of something．So save yourself the effort for a future meal．③（39）This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation．It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule．The more you learn and the more you try，the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule．Hopefully that gives you a good start．（40）and don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!A．Try new things．B．Ability is easily improved．C．Make three or four instead．D．Understand your food better．E．Cooking is a burden for many people．F．Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden．G．A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on．第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共1小题；每题1.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．41．（30分）Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains．They reached the top （41），but on their way back conditions were very（42）．Joe fell and broke his leg．They both knew that if Simon （43）alone，he would probably get back （44）．But Simon decided to risk his（45）and try to lower Joe down themountain on a rope（绳）．As they（46）down，the weather got worse．Then another （47）occurred．They couldn't see or hear each other and，（48），Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁）．It was （49）for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up．Joe's（50）was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice．（51），after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold，Simon had to （52）．In tears，he cut the rope．Joe （53）into a large crevasse （裂缝）in the ice below．He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain．He couldn't walk，but he （54）to get out of the crevasse and started to （55）towards their camp，nearly ten kilometers （56）．Simon had（57）the camp at the foot of the mountain．He thought that Joe must be（58），but he didn't want to leave （59）．Three days later，in the middle of the night，he heard Joe's voice．He couldn't（60）it．Joe was there，a few meters from their tent，still alive．41．A．hurriedly B．carefully C．successfully D．early 42．A．difficult B．similar C．special D．normal 43．A．climbed B．worked C．rested D．continued 44．A．unwillingly B．safely C．slowly D．regretfully 45．A．fortune B．time C．health D．life 46．A．lay B．settled C．went D．looked 47．A．damage B．storm C．change D．trouble 48．A．by mistake B．by chance C．by chance D．by luck 49．A．unnecessary B．practical C．important D．impossible 50．A．height B．weight C．strength D．equipment51．A．Finally B．Patiently C．Surely D．Quickly 52．A．stand back B．take a rest C．make a decision D．hold on 53．A．jumped B．fell C．escaped D．backed 54．A．managed B．planned C．waited D．hoped 55．A．run B．skate C．move D．march 56．A．around B．away C．above D．along 57．A．headed for B．travelled C．left for D．returnedto 58．A．dead B．hurt C．weak D．late 59．A．secretly B．tiredly C．immediately D．anxiously 60．A．find B．believe C．make D．accept．第二节（共10分；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式．61．（15分）One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about （61）（be）late for school．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，（62）some of them looked very anxious and （63）（disappoint）．when the bus finally came，we all hurried on board．I got a place next （64）the window，so I had a good view of the sidewalk．A boy on a bike （65）（catch ）my attention．He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms．I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused （66）（stop）until we reached the next stop．Still，the boy kept （67）（ride）．He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting．Finally，when we came to the next stop，the boy ran up the door of the bus．I heard an excited conversation．Then the driver stood up and asked，"（68）anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？"A woman on the bus shouted，"Oh，dear!It‘s （69）（I ）"．She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully，Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers（70）（sudden）became friendly to one another．第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（满分10分）71．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处．错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词．删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．注意：（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．My dream school starts at 8：30a．m and ends at 3：30p．m．They are three lesson in the morning and two in the afternoon．We didn't need to do so many homework．Therefore，we have more time with after﹣school activities．For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day．My dream school look like a big garden．There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom，buildings．We can lie on the grass for a rest，sat by the lake listening music．The teachers here are kind and helpfully．They are not only our teachers but also our friends．第二节书面表达（25分）72．（25分）一家英语报社向中学生征文，主题是"十年后的我"、请根据下列要求和你的想象完成短文：（1）家庭（2）工作（3）业余生活注意：（1）次数100左右；（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；（3）开头语已为你写好I often imagine what my life will be like in the future．．2014年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ）参考答案与试题解析第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

2014年考研英语(二)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2014年考研英语（二）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have【C1】______that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually【C2】______. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. 【C3】______, among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an【C4】______of good health. Of even greater【C5】______is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined【C6】______body mass index, or BMI. BMI【C7】______body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, 【C8】______, can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem【C9】______, they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 【C10】______others with a low BMI may be in poor【C11】______. For example, many collegiate and professional football players 【C12】______as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a【C13】______BMI. Today we have a(an) 【C14】______to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes【C15】______in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes【C16】______with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. 【C17】______very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity, 【C18】______in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity【C19】______My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign【C20】______childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1．【C1】A．deniedB．concludedC．doubtedD．ensured正确答案：B2．【C2】A．protective B．dangerous C．sufficient D．troublesome正确答案：A3．【C3】A．Instead B．However C．Likewise D．Therefore 正确答案：C4．【C4】A．indicator B．objective C．origin D．example正确答案：A5．【C5】A．impact B．relevance C．assistance D．concern正确答案：D6．【C6】A．in terms of B．in case of C．in favor of D．in respect of 正确答案：A7．【C7】A．measures B．determines C．equals D．modifies正确答案：C8．【C8】A．in essence B．in contrast C．in turnD．in part正确答案：C9．【C9】A．complicated B．conservative C．variable D．straightforward正确答案：D10．【C10】A．soB．while C．since D．unless正确答案：B11．【C11】A．shape B．spirit C．balance D．taste正确答案：A12．【C12】A．start B．qualify C．retire D．stay正确答案：B13．【C13】A．strange B．changeable C．normal D．constant正确答案：C14．【C14】A．option B．reason C．opportunity D．tendency 正确答案：D15．【C15】A．employed B．pictured C．imitated D．monitored 正确答案：B16．【C16】A．compared B．combined C．settled D．associated 正确答案：D17．【C17】A．Even B．Still C．Yet D．Only正确答案：A18．【C18】A．despisedB．correctedC．ignoredD．grounded正确答案：D19．【C19】A．discussionsB．businessesC．policiesD．studies正确答案：C20．【C20】A．forB．againstC．withD．without正确答案：BSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)What would you do with? $ 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton. These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dunn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time—as stories or memories —particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others. This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck.”It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family andless of it watching television(something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald’ s restricts the availability of its popular McRib —a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession. Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21．According to Dunn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?A．A big house.B．A special tour.C．A stylish car.D．A rich meal.正确答案：B22．The author’ s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is______.A．criticalB．supportiveC．sympatheticD．ambiguous正确答案：A23．McRib is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to show that______.A．consumers are sometimes irrationalB．popularity usually comes after qualityC．marketing tricks are often effectiveD．rarity generally increases pleasure正确答案：D24．According to the last paragraph, Happy Money______.A．has left much room for readers’ criticismB．may prove to be a worthwhile purchaseC．has predicted a wider income gap in the USD．may give its readers a sense of achievement正确答案：B25．This text mainly discusses how to______.A．balance feeling good and spending moneyB．spend large sums of money won in lotteriesC．obtain lasting satisfaction from money spentD．become more reasonable in spending on luxuries正确答案：CAn article in Scientific American has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to achieve this. Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority” ,and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities. We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticised, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem. We stalk around thinking we’ re hot stuff. Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others,he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition,reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image —which most did—they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most(that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored pictures were real)were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other markers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’ t think the findings that we have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves”. If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley’s study, it makes sense that many people hate photographs of themselves so viscerally—on one level, they don’ t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook, therefore, is a self-enhancer’s paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyle. “It’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest”, says CatalinaToma of Wisconsin-Madison University, “but they portray an idealized version of themselves”.26．According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that______.A．our self-ratings are unrealistically highB．illusory superiority is baseless effectC．our need for leadership is unnaturalD．self-enhancing strategies are ineffective正确答案：A27．Visual recognition is believed to be people’ s______.A．rapid watchingB．conscious choiceC．intuitive responseD．automatic self-defence正确答案：C28．Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______.A．underestimate their insecuritiesB．believe in their attractivenessC．cover up their depressionsD．oversimplify their illusions正确答案：B29．The word “viscerally”(Line 2,Para.5)is closest in meaning to______.A．instinctivelyB．occasionallyC．particularlyD．aggressively正确答案：A30．It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’ s paradise because people canA．present their dishonest profilesB．define their traditional lifestylesC．share their intellectual pursuitsD．withhold their unflattering sides正确答案：DThe concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can’t immediately foresee. When there is exponential improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT’ s Center for Digital Business. This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place. Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be “tightly scripted” and “highly standardized” ones that leave no room for “individual initiative or creativity.” In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel says. It’ s time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination “to respond to unexpected events.” That’ s not something machines are good at. They are designed to perform very predictable activities. As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather, “how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”31．According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would______.A．ease the competition of man vs. machineB．highlight machines’ threat to human jobsC．provoke a painful technological revolutionD．outmode our current economic structure正确答案：A32．The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that______.A．technology is diminishing man’ s job opportunitiesB．automation is accelerating technological developmentC．certain jobs will remain intact after automationD．man will finally win the race against machine正确答案：A33．Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often______.A．performed by innovative mindsB．scripted with an individual styleC．standardized without a clear targetD．designed against human creativity正确答案：D34．According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed______.A．the predictability of machine behavior in practiceB．the formula for how work is conducted efficientlyC．the ways machines replace human labor in modern timesD．the necessity of human involvement in the workplace正确答案：B35．Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?A．How to Innovate Our Work PracticesB．Machines will Replace Human LaborC．Can We Win the Race Against MachinesD．Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations正确答案：CWhen the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned. Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged. This government does not want to see a return to large-scale provision of council housing, so it is naturally wary of measures that will lead us down that route. Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes. The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need. There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communitiesminister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%. Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues. But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing ￡4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’ s spending plans if it returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to the era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.36．The author believes that the housing sector______.A．has attracted much attentionB．involves certain political factorsC．shoulders too much responsibilityD．has lost its real value in economy正确答案：B37．It can be learned that affordable housing has______.A．increased its home supplyB．offered spending opportunitiesC．suffered government biasesD．disappointed the government正确答案：C38．According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may______.A．allow greater government debt for housingB．stop local authorities from building homesC．prepare to reduce housing stock debtD．release a lifted GDP growth forecast正确答案：A39．It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would______.A．lower the costs of registered providersB．lessen the impact of government interferenceC．contribute to funding new developmentsD．relieve the ministers of responsibilities正确答案：C40．The author believes that after 2015, the government may______.A．implement more policies to support housingB．review the need for large-scale public grantsC．renew the affordable housing grants programmeD．stop generous funding to the housing sector正确答案：DEmerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance of the land itself as their medium. The message of this survey of British land art —the most comprehensive to date —is that the British variant, typified by Long’ s piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long’ s photograph of his work is the work. Since his “action” is in the past the photograph is its sole embodiment. That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relatively few natural objects. Long is Britain’ s best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor, represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form. The Boyle Family, on the other hand, stand for its dirty, urban aspect. Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the mundanity that characterises most of our experience of the landscape most of the time. Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard’ s very funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph. Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. While it probably wasn’t apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood. Derek Jarman’ s yellow-tinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash. In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can’ t help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay. A typical work, such as Seven Days, consists of asingle beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk, with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn’t about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, but the results were as gallery-bound as the paintings of Turner and Constable.41．正确答案：D42．正确答案：E43．正确答案：G44．正确答案：C45．正确答案：APart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)46．Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that’ s perpetually half full. But that’ s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,”says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. When he feels down —say, after giving a bad lecture —he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’ t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’ t matter.正确答案：①多数人会把乐观定义为永远快乐，(他们)总能看到杯子里还有着半杯水。

(完整word版)2014年考研英语二真题及答案解析

3. [A] Instead [B] However[C] Likewise[D] Therefore
、【答案】C likewise
【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D选项therefore表示因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样地;也，而且。因此正确答案为C。
Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.
2.[A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome
、【答案】A protective
【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。Dangerous 和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。

2014年考研英语二真题及答案解析

第8题
A.in essence
B.in contrast
C.in turn
D.in part
第9题
plicated
B.conservative
C.variable
D.straightforward
第10题
A.so
B.unlike
C.since
D.unless
第11题
A.shape
B.spirit
Negative attitudes toward obesity,___18___in health concems，have stimulated a number of anti-obesity__19__.My ownhosital system has banned sugary drinks its facilities.Many employes instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign ___20___childhood obesity，even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.
C.origin
D.example
第5题
A.impact
B.relevance
C.assistance
D.concern
第6题
A.in terms of
B.in case of
C.in favor of
D.in respect of
第7题
A.measures

2014年考研英语二真题及答案解析

2014考研英语二真题答案及解析

完型答案及解析1.【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。

根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded 符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反，doubled(翻倍)与题意较远，ensured(确保)不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。

所以正确答案为B。

2.【答案】A protective【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。

根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。

Dangerous 和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。

3.【答案】C likewise【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。

_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。

需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。

A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D选项therefore表示因此，只有C选项likewise 意为同样地;也，而且。

因此正确答案为C。

4.【答案】A indicator【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。

A选项，表示指示器，指标。

B选项objective表示客观;C选项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。

根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。

因此正确答案为A。

5.【答案】D concern【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加_____是，很难对肥胖加以定义。

A、impact(印象);B、relevance(相关性);C、 assistance(辅助);D、concern(关注)。

前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康，但是又面临一个问题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关注的是对肥的定义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为D。

2014考研英语二真题及答案解析

2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text．Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET．（10 points）Thinner isn‟t always better． A number of studies have __1___ that normal－weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight．And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___．For example，heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women．___3___ among the elderly，being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health．Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define．It is often defined ___6___ body mass index，or BMI．BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height．An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight．Between 25 and 30 is overweight．And over 30 is considered obese．Obesity，___8___，can be divided into moderately obese，severely obese，and very severely obese．While such numerical standards seem 9 ，they are not．Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat．Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit，10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 ．For example，many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese，though their percentage body fat is low．Conversely，someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI．Today we have a（an）_14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace．The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered．Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness，lack of will power，and lower prospects for success．Teachers，employers，and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese．_17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight，and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools．1．[A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured2．[A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3．[A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4．[A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5．[A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6．[A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7．[A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8．[A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9．[A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10．[A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless11．[A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12．[A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13．[A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14．[A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15．[A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16．[A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18．[A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19．[A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20．[A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without更多资料请登入：夺魁考研网（/）Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts．Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，C or D．Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET．（40 points）Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie，an 84－year －old widow who recently emerged from her small，tin－roofed house in Florida to collect thebiggest undivided lottery jackpot in history．If she hopes her new－found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment，she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton．These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive．Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes．Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old－hat；regret creeps in．It is far better to spend money on experiences，say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton，like interesting trips，unique meals or even going to the cinema．These purchases often become more valuable with time－as stories or memories－particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others．This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck．" It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work，spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television （something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing，and is hardly jollier for it）．Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself，and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly．This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib －a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession．Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot，anxious about fulfillment，not hunger．Money may not quite buy happiness，but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones．Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world，and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people．Not everyone will agree with the authors‟ policy ideas，which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers．But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。

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2014年英语二真题解析Section I Use of English1．【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。

根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反，doubled(翻倍)与题意较远，ensured(确保)不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。

所以正确答案为B。

2．【答案】A protective【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。

根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。

dangerous和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。

3．【答案】C likewise【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。

_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。

需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。

A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D选项therefore表示因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样地;也，而且。

因此正确答案为C。

4．【答案】A indicator【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。

A选项，表示指示器，指标。

B选项objective表示客观;C选项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。

根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。

因此正确答案为A。

5．【答案】D concern【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加_____是，很难对肥胖加以定义。

A．impact(印象);B、relevance(相关性);C．assistance(辅助);D．concern(关注)。

6．【答案】A in terms of【解析】题干中,肥胖经常______体质指数，或称为BMI来定义。

A．in terms of ，根据……，就……而言。

B．In case of 表示在某种情况下， C．in favor of 表示赞成，以……来取代，D．in respect of，关于……。

因此正确答案为A。

在医学研究和临床测试中经常使用BMI作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标，希望考生能够记住这一背景知识，方便日后做题。

7．【答案】C equals【解析】本题题干中BMI_____体重除以身高的平方，这里是用文字叙述了BMI指数得出的方法，也就是一个数学公式，所以equal符合题意。

A．measure(测量);B．determine表示确定;D．modify(修订)。

句义就是BMI等于体重除以身高的平方。

8．【答案】C in turn【解析】本题题干中，肥胖_____能够分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖。

A、in essence(事实上、实际上); B．in contrast (相反地);C．in turn(依次); D．in part (部分地)。

本句是将肥胖依次分级，所以正确答案为C。

9．【答案】D straightforward【解析】题干中，相比之下，这样的数字标准看起来_____，实际上不是的。

plicated (复杂);B.conservative(保守);C.variable(可变的);D．straightforward(直截了当);这里的数字标准指的就是肥胖指数，肥胖指数分为三类，而且算法比较简单，所以A复杂不正确，B选项保守，用于描述一种数学公式，不恰当，一名患者或一名受试者的BMI一般是确定的，因此可变的也不符合题意，D选项straightforward表示直截了当，符合题意，因此正确答案为D。

10．【答案】B while【解析】本句中，一些人有很高的BMI，实际上身材正好，_____其他人有较低的BMI指数，可能_____。

从前半句我们可以看出，有些人的BMI指数很高，应该属于体重肥胖的人，事实上身材正好，这里说明的是反常的现象，后半句是其他人的BMI指数较低，而_____较差。

A.so(所以);B.while(而);C.since(因为);D.unless(除非)四个选项中只有while有转折的含义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为B。

11．【答案】A shape【解析】本题可以简化为：Some … are fit, while others … may be in poor .不难看出，前后意义相反，且fit(体型健康)与in poor 对应，与之最相关是A．shape(外形)，故为正确答案。

“精神”、“均衡”、“品味”都相差比较远，可以排除。

12．【答案】B qualify【解析】本题顺应前文意义：有一些人体型很好，有些人体型体型肥胖。

接下来举例说有些专业足球运动员是肥胖的，“开始”不符;“处在”也不符合句意;“退休”内容无关;“被认为”符合句意，正确。

13．【答案】C normal【解析】本句不难理解：有些人脂肪过高，但是BMI却。

所需词汇明显是正向的，排除A、B;D属中性，且不符合句意，C(正常的)契合，为正确答案。

14．【答案】D tendency【解析】本题解题关键是后半句：to stigmatize obesity(抵毁肥胖)，作为划线部分的后置定语，将四个选项“选择”“理由”“机会”“倾向”代入划线处，最符合句意的是D(倾向)。

后面一句也进一步证实了(出现在媒体中的肥胖者脸都是打了马赛克的)。

15．【答案】B pictured【解析】空格所在句提到了媒体，根据语境，上句讲到当今我们都污蔑肥胖，所以本句的意思应该是媒体污蔑肥胖，四个选项中，跟媒体相关系的词汇只有B．pictured 意思为刻画，描写，描述。

16．【答案】D associated【解析】空格所在句的意思是与肥胖_____的原型包括懒惰，缺乏意志力，对成功的期望值不高。

空格后面提到的懒惰，缺乏意志力和对成功的期望值不高都是与肥胖相关的表现，分析四个选项，A. 与。

相比;B.与。

相结合;C.和。

和解;都不符合题意，只有D 与。

相联系，相关符合句意。

17．【答案】A even【解析】空格所在句的意思是_____小孩子蔑视超重，而且对身材的嘲笑一直是学校的一个问题。

本空格缺少一个副词，根据语境记忆常识，此处应该填入表示让步关系的词汇，分析四个选项，只有A.even 即使符合题意。

18．【答案】D grounded【解析】根据语境，空前讲到对肥胖的负面态度，空后讲到对健康的关注，激发一批反肥胖的____。

本句没有出现任何转折词，说明空前后所表达的意思是一致的，反对肥胖，是基于对健康的关注，分析四个选项，能够表达此意思的词汇，只有选项D grounded,意思是基于。

19．【答案】C policies【解析】解答此题需要联系空格后面紧跟着的句子。

空后的句子出现了一系列表示同一个语义场的词汇，比如 hospital system ; ban; many employers institute, 指向的意思是一个系统中所出台的政策的问题，浏览四个选项，C选项policies 符合题意，直接入选。

20．【答案】B against【解析】本段的主题是反对肥胖，本句话属于细节的句子，用来支持这个主题，空格所在句讲到米歇尔奥巴马已经发起了一个高知名度的_____儿童肥胖，甚至告诉奥兹博士，它代表了我们国家最大的安全威胁。

空格中缺少词汇应该含有反对，反抗的意思，纵观四个选项，只有B.against 符合题意。

Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121．【答案】B A special tour【解析】细节题。

答案定位在第二段的“it is far better to spend money on experiences…like interesting trips…”，意思是“花钱消费在经历方面更好……，比如说有趣的旅行……”，由此可以得知答案是B选项“一场特别的旅行”。

22．【答案】A critical【解析】观点态度题。

答案定位在第三段的“something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it”，意思是“普通美国人一年花两个月的时间看电视，并且看电视几乎不可能更愉快”，因此可以得知作者对于看电视的态度是A选项“批判的”。

23．【答案】D rarity generally increases pleasure【解析】观点例证题。

答案定位在第三段，文章中提到Mc Rib这个例子，用这个例子证明的论点是“luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly”，大意是“有节制地消费奢侈品最令人愉悦”，D选项正是这句论点句的同义替换。

24．【答案】B may prove to be a worthwhile purchase【解析】细节题。

答案定位在最后一段的最后一句“most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent”，大意是“大多数人看完这本书后，认为物有所值”，因此可以推知B选项是正确答案。

25．【答案】C obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent【解析】主旨题。

纵观全文可知。

Text 226．【答案】A our self-ratings are unrealistically high【解析】题目问“根据第一段，社会心理学家发现了什么?”对应于文章第一段第三句“社会心理学家对所谓的‘高于均数效应’或者‘虚幻的优越感’进行大量的研究，发现我们中70%的人认为自己的领导力在平均水平之上……—这些数据明显都是不可能的。

”由此可知，我们对自己评价过高。

故答案为A our self-ratings are unrealistically high。

27．【答案】C intuitive response【解析】题目问“视觉识别被认为是人们的什么?”对应于文章第三段第三句“视觉识别是自动的心理过程，这个过程依靠直觉快速发生，且并不是故意的。