高中英语复习专题课件
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
构成的复合谓语,由上下文确定非同位语/同位语等立关系:
Your fairness and impartiality has/have been much appreciated.
在无确定的上下文的情况下,has/have都是可能的。
主谓一致--复合主语的数的确定:关键的连接词 2
2. 由and连接的复合主语。
Nobody, not even their teachers, were listening to the speech.
3) 在附加问句中
A. 指某一特定整体中的每一个对象,谓语动词用单数:
Nobody likes to be deceived, doesn’t he?
B. 对整体否定,谓语动词用复数, 附加问句的主语相应地也用复数:
1) 由and连接的复合主语 均使用复数动词, 而非总是遵循临近吸引原
则 : My sister and I are/am fully aware.
2)由either…or/ neither… nor连接的复合主语用单、复数均可:
Neither he nor I am/are fully aware.
3) each of+复数名词
A. each表示整体中每一个个体,谓语动词用单数:
Each of the soldiers has been given a gun.
B. 由于临近吸引原则的作用,谓语动词也可用复数:
Each of the soldiers have been given a gun.
Ten pounds is not much for all the trouble we had.
There is two miles to go.
3. 由or/ either…or/ neither… nor连接的选择性复合主语
1)肯定的选择性复合主语
A. 所连接的成分分别为单数,谓语动词用单数:
词用复数:
None of the suggestions were accepted.
主谓一致—不定代词做主语数的确定
3
2. no one
1) 正式用法 谓语动词用单数:
Nobody likes to be deceived.
2) 非正式/习惯用法 在临近吸引原则的影响下,谓语动词可用复数:
C. 所连接的成分在数上不一致,则用下列三种方法使其主谓取得
一致。
a. 根据临近吸引原则 谓语动词与其前面最临近的词的数相
一致:
One or two friends are coming tonight.
b. 使用无词形变化的助动词代替有词形变化的动词:
The mother or the children must/will leave at once.
The teacher nor the students are to blame for this.
主谓一致--复合主语的数的确定:关键的连接词 5
Neither Tom nor Jane has done it. 可变成:
Tom hasn’t done it; neither has Jane.
1. none
1) 指总量,与不可数名词连用,谓语动词用单数:
None of the food was wasted.
2) 指数目,与可数名词连用。
A. 正式用法 根据语法一致的原则,谓语动词用单数:
None of the suggestions was accepted.
B. 非正式/习惯用法 根据临近吸引原则和意义一致的原则,谓语动
“Senior citizens” means people over sixty.
主谓一致--复合主语的数的确定:关键的连接词 1
1. 非同位语/同位语等立关系的确定
1)由定冠词/物主代词确定非同位语/同位语等立关系
A. 非同位语等立关系 若定冠词分别出现在在各等立成分前,则
复合谓语的各成分间是非同位语等立关系,各等立成分别指不
高中英语复习专题课件
主谓一致—由来和基本原则
1
主谓语一致,简称主谓一致英语句子的主语和谓语必须在数上一致。虽
然现代英语中,对此已经有了许多突破,但作为规范,主谓一致的原则 还必须遵循。
英语是欧洲语言中词形变化最少的语言,这是因为在其千年的发展历史
中,逐渐摈弃了绝大部分词的性、数、格的变化,已经由综合性语言发 展成了分析性的语言。以变化最多的动词为例,现代英语的动词除了be 之外,变化形式最多不超过5种,少的则只有3种。而某些助动词的使用 则更简化了这种变化。
along with, as well as/ as much as, rather than/ no less
than, but/except, unlike, including。
1) 规范用法 谓语与准连接词前面的主语保持一致:
Nothing but stamps and envelops is for sale.
B. 但实际上,若构成复合主语的各成分均为单数,谓语动词也大多
使用复数:
Neither he nor I were there.
4. 由not…but/ not only …but 连接的复合主语 根据临近吸引原
则, 谓语动词与其前面最临近的主语的数相一致:
Not (only)my father, but all of us are looking forward to the guest.
主谓一致—不定代词做主语数的确定
5
2) 指“全部、无一例外”时,anyone/anybody在附加问句中,如无
主谓一致—由来和基本原则
2
2) 复数主语采用单数谓语动词:The works was built in 1970.
(works作factory解时为单、复数同形。)
3) 同一词做主语,分别采用单数或复数谓语动词:
All possible means have been adopted.
Every means has been tried.
主谓一致的基本原则
1. 语法一致的原则 根据主语的语法性质决定其谓语动词的单、复数形
式。这是正式、权威的原则。
2. 意义一致的原则 根据主语的内涵决定其谓语动词的单、复数形式。
1) 单数主语采用复数谓语动词:The team are playing wonderfully.
team作为集体名词。)
1)非同位语等立关系主语---复数
A. 由and连接的几个不同人、事物:
John and Mary are ready. (=John is ready. Mary is ready.)
B. 被由and连接的并列定语所修饰的一个单数名词 .:
The red and the white rose are beautiful.
3. 临近吸引原则 谓语动词根据其前面最临近的名/代词的数的形式,
而非真正主语的数来决定其自身的单、复数:
No one except his own supporters agree with him.
主谓一致—关键:主语的单复数
主谓一致的关键问题是确定主语的数。 要把“主语”同“主语部分”
严
(=The red rose is beautiful. The white rose is beautiful)
C. 被由and连接的并列定语所修饰的一个不可数名词:
Chinese and Japanese silk are much better than Italian.
(=Chinese silk is much better than Italian.
c. 改变句子结构和词序,并作必要的省略:
Is the child or the parents to blame?可变成:
Is the child to blame, or the parents?
2)否定的选择性复合主语
A. 与肯定的选择性复合主语原则相同:
Neither Tom nor Jane has done it.
Either John or Dick is going to do this work.
B. 所连接的成分分别为复数,谓语动词用复数:
Either the teachers or the students have misunderstood this.
主谓一致--复合主语的数的确定:关键的连接词 4
同对象,谓语动词为复数:
The teacher and the writer are kind men.
B. 同位语等立关系 若定冠词只出现在第一个成分前,则是同位
语等立关系,各等立成分指的是同一对象,谓语动词为单数:
The teacher and writer is a kind man.
2) 由上下文确定非同位语/同位语等立关系 由两个或多个抽象名词
2) 口语用法 准连接词起作用与介词类似,将其后的成分与主语
隔开,含义与and相近,根据意义一致的原则,即使主语是单
数,也可以用复数动词: My brother with his wife, both
looking very sad, were/was drinking at the bar.
7. 例外情况
Japanese silk is much better than Italian.)
主谓一致--复合主语的数的确定:关键的连接词 3
2)同位语等立关系主语---单数
A. 指同一对象,表示单一概念:
The teacher and writer is a kind man.
B. 表示单一概念的由数词+名词的词组:
附
加问句中,如无表示复数概念的动词,则其主语复数代词克表示此意:
Anybody can enter for the race, can’t they?
5. everybody/-one
1) 指个体时,谓语动词用单数:
Everyone in our class goes in for sports.
主谓一致—不定代词做主语数的确定
1
不定代词做主语数的确定
1. each
1)名词性 谓语动词总用单数:
Each has his own idea on the subject.
2)做同位语 谓语动词用复数:
The students each have a new book.
The boys and the girls each want to do something different.
格分开,即确定主语的数的时候,要首先确定主语本身, 去除定语等附加 的部分。
1. 一般情况
1) 绝大多数可数名词单个作主语,以其词形决定主语的单、复数。
2) 不可数名词单个做主语为单数。
3) 表示抽象概念的短语做主语为单数:
Training spacemen is not an easy task.
Nobody has called while I have been out, haven’t they?
3. either/neither
1) 均指“二者之一”(包括两个复数名词构成的二者) 谓语动词用单 数:
Either of them has told me.
主谓一致—不定代词做主语数的确定Biblioteka Baidu
主谓一致—不定代词做主语数的确定
2
C. 反意问句的附加问句中,指每一个体,谓语动词用单数:
Each of the students has new book, hasn’t he?
D. 反意问句的附加问句中,指整体,谓语动词用复数:
Each of the students has new book, haven’t they?
4
2) 习惯用法 当of后接复数名/代词时,谓语动词用复数:
Neither of them know the truth.
4. anyone/anybody
1) 指个体时,谓语动词用单数:
Has anyone a dictionary he can lend me?
2) 指“全部、无一例外”时,anyone/anybody谓语动词用复数,在
5. 含有肯定和否定两部分的主语 谓语动词与肯定的主语一致:
You, not I, are the right man to carry out the plan.
主谓一致--复合主语的数的确定:关键的连接词 6
6. 含有“准连接词”的主语 准连接词,即with/ together with/