北京中医药大学神经解剖学2010年考博真题试卷
历年考博中内试题
2005年一、名解无痰不做眩、调气则后重自除，行血则便脓自愈、治萎独取阳明二、简答1、呕吐、噎膈、呃逆的病机异同2、消渴病机要点3、蠲痹汤的适应证4、胸痹常用的治法有哪些？三、论述1、五种从痰治喘的方剂，证候特点2、论述水肿，四种毒瘀血有关的证候，病机转化及证候学特点3、益气摄血法治血证的几个表现2006年一、词解（15分）培土生金呕吐癫痫狂泻南补北痨瘵二、问答（20分）1、血热妄行、气不摄血有何不同？二者能否同时出现？2、肺、脾、肾气虚有何不同？辨治特点？3、古医籍阐述水肿治法，结合原文说明。
三、简述（20分）某男，50岁，素有高血压史十余年，晨起突然头晕，伴恶呕，继则视一为二，写出中医诊断，简述诊治思路。
（一男，50岁，高血压病史5年。
今晨起床后，感觉头晕，视物旋转，如坐车船，视一为二。
请你作出中医诊断，并对其作出具体诊治。
）1、如何鉴别胸痹、心痛与胃脘痛？（胸痹心痛与胃脘痛的鉴别。
）治湿方法有哪些？代表方剂、主治、证候特点？（治湿有那些方法，并写出代表方剂，及其临床如何应用。
）2、简述中医药对消渴的优势所在四、病案分析女，78岁，慢支40年，肺心病5年。
3天前咳加重，伴发热、心悸、烦躁，初咳白色泡沫痰，易咯出，1天前痰黄粘，不易咯出，喘不能平卧，恶寒，四肢不温，胸膺喘闷，口唇紫绀，四肢浮肿，指之凹陷，不易恢复，继则神识朦胧，昼睡夜烦。
2006年另一个版本一、名词解释（3分/题）呕吐、泻南补北、培土生金、癫狂痫、痨瘵二、简答题（5分/题）1、何谓瘟疫？2、一男，50岁，高血压病史5年。
今晨起床后，感觉头晕，视物旋转，如坐车船，视一为二。
请你作出中医诊断，并对其作出具体诊治。
3、胸痹心痛与胃脘痛的鉴别。
4、血热妄行和气不摄血的机制是什么？二者是否可以并见？三、论述题（10分/题）1、关于水肿的治疗，请你结合古代文献作出论述。
2、治湿有那些方法，并写出代表方剂，及其临床如何应用。
3、结合临床请你谈谈中医药在治疗消渴的优势所在。
北京中医药大学_病理生理学2009,2013--2015,2017--2018年考博真题试卷
一、名词解释10分
假性神经递质、死腔样通气、尿毒症、微血管溶血性贫血、肌源性扩张
二、填空题20分
DIC的临床表现有、、、。
肝性脑病被取代的神经递质、。
肝性脑病时血液中氨基酸减少，氨基酸增多。
急性肾衰竭类型
心力衰竭时呼吸困难类型
肾功能不全时血液升高的指标、。
3、急性肾小管坏死导致的肾衰竭少尿期对机体的影响及机制。
4、肝性脑病的诱因及机制。
5、慢性肾衰PTH矫枉失衡学说。
6、影响肺通气―血流比例失调的因素及机制。
7、心肌肥大不平衡生长的机制。
北京中医药大学
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：病理生理学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释（10个，30分）
1、自稳态
2、胰岛素抵抗
3、泵―漏机制
4、活性氧
5、氧自由基
6、缺氧
7、热休克蛋白
8、发热
9、凋亡蛋白酶
10、心室顺应性
二、简答题（7个，70分）
1、为什么呼吸衰竭可以导致心力衰竭。
2、休克导致酸中毒的类型、机制及在休克过程中的作用。
一、名词解释
1.病因
2.脱水热
3.反常性酸性尿
4.热休克反应
5.血液性缺氧
6.内生致热源
7.功能性分流
8.氮质血症
9.假神经递质
10.钙超载
二、问答题
1.酸中毒引起心肌收缩力下降的机制；
2.弥散障碍PaO2降低PaCO2不降低的原因；
首都医科大学神经解剖学2010年考博真题试卷
2)locus caeruleus 的纤维联系 3)被盖背侧交叉和 tegmental central tract 的概念 2.迷走神经 1)迷走神经的纤维成分及起始 2)副交感神经与迷走神经的关系 3)迷走神经走形特点及腹部分支 3.关于锥体外系 1)锥体外系的主要功能及对锥体系的作用 2)锥体外系的构成 3)红核 丘脑是如何控制运动的
首都医科大学
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
首都医科大学
2010年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：神经解剖学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一.名词解释:
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1.斜方体 2.脊髓节段 3.大脑动脉环 4.rossete 5.illioinguinal nere 6.lumbarsarcal enlargement 二.选择题(2个单选,3个多选) 1.内脏小神经节终止于__神经节. 2.将下丘脑分为内侧部及外侧部的结构为:终纹/前脑内侧束? 3.隔核的纤维有1).穹窿2).乳头丘脑束 4.一般内脏感觉核有:1).脊髓后角2).上神经节3).下神经节 5.以下哪块肌肉由2个神经以上支配:1).蚓状肌,2).指浅屈肌 三.简答题 1纹状体的组成,纤维联系及动脉供应 2.flocculus及 paracentral lobule 的分层及动脉供应 3.谈对跨神经元溃变的认识 4.屈曲反射的概念 missure of fornix 的概念 6.tentorium of cerebellum 位置/作用及临床意义. 四.论述题 1.脑干 1)脑干网状结构的概念 主要核团 功能
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ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
神经解剖学考博真题-精品总结
神经解剖学考博真题1]中南大学湘雅医学院2000年博士考试神经解剖学1.突触的超微结构及分类2。
神经元学说的起源及进展3. 为什么人体只有一个神经系统，从发生、形态和功能等方面论述CNS和PNS的统一性 4. 请设计一个实验证明牵涉痛是因为一个脊神经节神经元的周围突即分布到躯体部，又分布到内脏器官？综合1、试述神经递质的合成、运输有关的结构及其机制2、DA的中枢通路及其病理意义2]中南大学湘雅医学院2001年博士考试神经解剖学1. 脑神经III、VII、IX、X的起核、终核、纤维成分、神经行程、分支分布及功能。
2. 锥体系的传统概念及修正。
3. 构成锥体外系的主要结构、神经通路和功能概念。
4. 海马结构的细胞构筑，主要纤维联系和边缘系统的功能。
5. 5-HT能神经元在脑内的分布、神经通路、主要受体分型和多种神经功能。
6. 多巴胺能神经元在脑内的分布、神经通路、受体分型和功能。
3]中南大学湘雅医学院2002年博士考试神经解剖学1神经之间信息传递的结构基础。
2. 脑神经的纤维成分及各成分的分布区域或支配器官。
3. 上行网状激动系统的结构与功能。
4. 瞳孔大小的调节及瞳孔对光反射的临床意义。
5. 从外侧沟进入内囊经过哪些结构？描述并解释内囊膝损伤可能出现的症状和体征4] 2003年中南大学博士入学考试试题（神经解剖学）论述题一、试述神经元细胞器的结构及其功能。
（20二、牵张反射的解剖学基础，生理功能及其临床意义。
三、脑桥小脑三角区肿瘤可能累及哪些结构？病人可能出现哪里症状和体征？（20分）四、人体各语言中枢的位置、功能及受损后表现。
五、周围神经的再生过程和影响因素。
（20分）5] 2004年中南大学博士生入学考试试题（神经解剖学）论述题一、大脑皮质的细胞分层及皮质功能柱概念。
（20二、神经营养因子的概念及对神经元的作用。
（20）三、脊髓灰质Rexed分层与解剖学神经核团的关系。
四、边缘系统中与学习和记忆高级神经活动有关的结构和机能学基础。
神经解剖学试题及答案
神经解剖学试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 人类大脑皮层中负责语言处理的区域是：A. 枕叶B. 颞叶C. 额叶D. 顶叶答案：C2. 下列哪个结构不属于大脑的基底核？A. 尾状核B. 壳核C. 丘脑D. 豆状核答案：C3. 脊髓中负责传导运动信号的神经纤维是：A. 感觉纤维B. 运动纤维C. 交感神经纤维D. 副交感神经纤维答案：B4. 视觉信息首先在大脑的哪个区域进行处理？A. 枕叶B. 颞叶C. 顶叶D. 额叶答案：A5. 脑干中负责调节呼吸和心跳的区域是：A. 中脑B. 桥脑C. 延髓D. 小脑答案：C二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）1. 下列哪些是大脑皮层的主要功能区域？A. 感觉区B. 运动区C. 边缘系统D. 视觉皮层答案：ABD2. 在神经解剖学中，以下哪些结构属于脑干？A. 中脑B. 桥脑C. 延髓D. 小脑答案：ABC3. 以下哪些是脊髓的主要功能？A. 传导神经信号B. 调节体温C. 反射活动D. 维持姿势答案：ACD4. 下列哪些是大脑皮层的高级功能？A. 语言B. 记忆C. 视觉D. 听觉答案：AB5. 以下哪些结构属于自主神经系统？A. 交感神经B. 副交感神经C. 感觉神经D. 运动神经答案：AB三、填空题（每题2分，共10分）1. 人类大脑皮层的外层被称为______。
答案：灰质2. 大脑皮层的内层主要由______组成。
答案：白质3. 脑干由______、桥脑和延髓三部分组成。
答案：中脑4. 脊髓的末端称为______。
答案：脊髓圆锥5. 脑干中的______是调节呼吸和心跳的重要中枢。
答案：延髓四、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. 简述大脑皮层的四个主要功能区及其主要功能。
答案：大脑皮层的四个主要功能区包括感觉区、运动区、边缘系统和联合区。
感觉区负责处理来自身体各部位的感觉信息；运动区控制身体的运动；边缘系统与情绪和记忆有关；联合区则负责高级认知功能，如语言和决策。
首都医科大学博士入学考试试题汇总
目录目录 (1)首都医科大学神经解剖博士入学考试试题 (2)2001年 (2)2002年 (3)2003年 (4)首都医科大学大外科解剖博士入学考试试题 (5)2003年 (5)首都医科大学大外科眼科（记忆版）博士入学考试试题 (5)2004年 (5)首都医科大学神经解剖博士入学考试试题2001年一、名词解释（1-7题，5×7=35；2-12题，3×5=15）1、边缘系统2、脊髓灰质板层3、后屈束4、内侧纵束1、攀缘纤维2、下橄榄核3、桥小脑三角4、 phrenic n.5、 celiac plexus10、obturator n.11、locus reculeus12、carvernous sinus二、问答题（10×5=50）1、纹状体① 位置及组成② 纤维联系③ 化学递质环路④ 动脉供应2、网状结构① 定义② 主要核团③ 机能组合3、神经支配① 肾上腺髓质② 斜方肌③ 二腹肌④ 蚓状肌4、解剖基础① 交叉性瘫痪② 屈曲反射③ 翼状肩④ 猿手5、“听新闻记纪录”的解剖学基础2002年简答：被盖中央束阴捕神经黑质蓝斑论述：1脑干的非脑神经节脑干的运动型交叉纤维Wallenberg的解剖基础2副交感神经系统的二级神经元交通支颌部区的立毛肌支配（不知道该题是否准确）３小脑皮质神经元环路海马结构的分层和分区脑室的边界和CSF的循环2003年名词解释1. 肋间壁神经2. 鼻睫神经3. Ⅶ颅神经4. great petrosol N5. confluence of sinuse6. central tegmentrol decussation简答1. 底丘脑的神经纤维联系2. 下肢非意识感觉到大脑的纤维联系3. 如何理解cerebelar glomorulus论述1. 边缘系统组成；PAPEZ环路；Hippocampal分层。
2. 白质通路和灰质通路；牵涉痛；Otic Ganglion。
各校神经病学考博试题
B.
交感神经节后纤维
C.
三叉神经运动纤维
D.
三叉神经感觉纤维
E.
副交感神经的节后纤维
四．问答题（每题 5 分，共 15 分）
1.
简述小脑传出投射二次交叉通路及其受损引起的障碍。
2.
简述终纹和丘脑髓纹的联系及意义。
3.
脑干内有哪些纤维交叉？各位在何平面？
五．填出下图各结构名称（每空 0.5 分，共 5 分） 2007 年哈医大神经内科考博真题
2．属于脑干网状结构内侧核群的是（ ）
A. 外侧网状核
B.
小细胞网状核
C.
楔形核
D.
臂旁内、外侧核
E.
巨细胞网状核
3．不参加构成小脑小球的是（ ）
A.
攀缘纤维
B.
苔藓纤维
C.
Golgi 细胞轴突终末
D.
颗粒细胞树突
E.
Golgi 细胞树突
4．到对侧红核小细胞部的小脑传出纤维主要发自（ ）
A.
顶核
B.
A.
海马
B.
齿状回
C.
角回
D.
中央旁小叶
E.
梨状皮质
11．属于听觉传导的纤维是（ ）
A.
锥体交叉
B.
内侧丘系交叉
C.
三叉丘系交叉
D.
外侧丘系交叉
E.
结合臂交叉
12．鼻腔、口腔粘膜感觉属于（ ）
A.
一般躯体感觉
B.
一般内脏感觉
C.
特殊内脏感觉
D.
特殊躯体感觉
E.
一般内脏运动
13．属于中间皮质结构的脑回是（ ）
_____________________ 的 传 入 纤 维 ； 后 者 发 出 的 主 要 传 出 纤 维 有 _____________________ 和
考博中医真题
考博中医真题上海中医药大学2016年博士入学考试中医内科学（基础篇，代码2010）真题回忆一，名词解释：1，木曰曲直；2，五行胜复；3，血虚生风；4，阴脉之海；5，津血同源；二，填空：1，宗气功能（）（）（）；2，益火之源以消阴翳用于治疗（）症，内经称其（）；3，五脏的共同生理特点是（）；4，两胁疼痛多是（）疾病，缺盆中痛常是（）病；5，（）和（）既是病理产物，又是致病因素。
三，多选：四，简答题：1，营、卫二气的异同；2，冲脉与女子月经、孕育有何联系？3，何谓“燥易伤肺”？4，胆为何既为六腑之一，又属奇恒之腑？5，痰饮的形成；6，中医治则中“标”、“本”的含义？五，问答题：1，“津血同源”、“血汗同源”二者如何理解？有何临床意义？2，督脉循行，功能；3，阴阳平和质、偏阳质、偏阴质，三种体质的特点；4，从生理、病理如何理解“肾主二便”？中国中医科学院中医基础理论A卷填空2*10中医的两个特点管子·乘马：春夏秋冬，阴阳之推移也心的生理功能胆的生理功能足三阴走行肝在体合筋，开窍于目阴阳体质最早见于灵枢·通天实证问答10*4 300字心为君主之官十二经脉交接血的生理功能肺的病机思考10*1 500字中医病机和症候和现代研究的例子和看法中国中医科学院中医内科学A卷名解2*10悬饮关格瘴疟内生五气时行感冒疫毒痢厥证痿证颤证简述5*8痹证的病理变化疟疾治疗原则痢疾的治疗禁忌疫毒痢疾的治法方药眩晕痰湿中阻治法方药消渴的并发症反胃和呕吐鉴别积聚鉴别病例20*1心悸痰热扰心论述20*1肺脾肾在虚劳治疗的作用2016年北京中医药大学伤寒专业中医内科学考博真题一，名解20分：时行感冒，热淋，休息痢，忘记了一个。
二，问答题：1.从肝论治肺系疾病，举出3个病症。
2.归脾汤运用于哪些内科疾病，举出3个病症的主症特点。
三，病例分析20分：胃痞肝郁气滞证。
2016辽宁中医药大学中医基础理论中基：一、简答1.何为五神，说说五神与五脏的关系2.3.二论述一个13分1.心主血脉2.津液代谢与那些脏腑相关中诊一、填空1五轮学说，黑睛属肾为水轮，，，，，（白睛属肺），为气轮2，<古书>曰：（），俗称上热下寒喉痹，，，，，3，，，，，高出皮肤，扶之碍手，为（），4. 小儿指纹直达指端，称为（透关射甲），病情危重，，，名词：假神；气不摄血；解颅；还有2个想不起来了二。
首都医科大学神经病学专业历年考博试题回顾
首都医科大学神经病学专业历年考博试题回顾一.人类的大脑皮质极大地发展，它的结构特征及功能定位已被人们所认识。
试问：1.第二躯体运动区的定位?2.古、旧、新皮质是如何区分的(举例)。
3.如何理解columnar organization。
4.海马结构的subiculum指什麽?5.苍白球、齿状回、Broca氏区的血液供应。
二.脑干由延髓、脑桥、中脑组成。
它与脊髓、间脑、小脑相连，结构复杂。
试问：1.脑干网状结构的概念?2.前庭神经核的纤维联系。
3.上丘是如何分层的?4.何谓locus caeruleus?5.Substantia nigra的纤维联系。
6.脑干的Weber氏征候群的解剖学基础。
三.内脏运动神经又称自主神经系，根据形态、功能和药理特点，内脏运动神经可分为交感神经和副交感神经两部分。
试问：1.副交感神经的低级中枢是什麽?municative branches含义?3.上肢皮肤汗腺是如何支配的?4.Iris的神经支配?5.肾上腺的神经支配?四.小脑是中枢神经系统中最大的运动结构，在随意运动控制中起重要作用。
试问：（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)1.小脑皮质的分层及有哪两类传入纤维?2.何谓rosette?3.如何理解microzones?4.小脑皮质内五种神经细胞是什麽?5.小脑皮质内的纤维和神经细胞是如何联系的?一.名词解释：1.蓝斑2.海绵窦3.鼓索4.玫瑰结5.纹状体6.终纹6.灰被8.下托9.边缘叶10.翼腭神经节二.简述下列结构的神经支配及相关的起始核和终止核1.肱桡肌2.梨状肌3.镫骨肌4.鱼际肌5.小指立毛肌6.竖脊肌7.舌8.泪腺9.颈动脉窦10.鼓膜张肌三.试述小脑皮质、大脑皮质的分层、结构特征及纤维联系?四.何谓上运动神经元?何谓下运动神经元?哪些部分的损伤可出现右下肢单瘫?五.综合分析中枢神经系是如何调控躯体运动的?二何谓脑分水岭梗塞?其常见病因及临床表现是什么?三试述肝豆状核变性的诊断依据和治疗措施四癫痫的诊断步骤和鉴别诊断五试述运动神经元病的常见类型及临床特点一.周围神经疾病基本病理变化有几种?并加以说明二.简述蛛网膜下腔出血的症状,体征和治疗原则,并举出三种常见病因?三、重症肌无力发病原理?何谓肌无力危象及胆碱能危象?如发生上述两种危象如何处理?四、何谓脑膜刺激症?举出除脑膜炎症以外的三种疾病?五.简述桥脑小脑脚综合症临床表现?六、何谓闭锁综合症?七.上矢状窦血栓形成病因及临床表现?本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
2010年全国医学博士英语统考真题及参考答案
2010年全国医学博士英语统考真题及参考答案2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，在标准答题卡上，将准考证号相应的位置涂好。
2.试卷一（paper one）和试卷二（paper two）答案都做在标准答题卡上，书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域，不要做在试卷上。
3.试卷一答题答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。
4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时必须保持平整干净，以利评分。
5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。
Paper OnePart I Listening comprehension(30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversions between twospeakers. At the end of eachconversion, you will hear a questionabout what is said. The question willbe read only once. After you hear thequestion, read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best answer and markthe letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA BCDNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1.A. She’s looking for a gift.B. She needs a new purse.C. She’s going to give a birthday party.D. She wants to go shopping with her mom.2.A. She hears noises in her ears day andnight.B. She has been overworking for a longtime.C. Her right ear, hurt in an accident, istroubling her.D. Her ear rings are giving her trouble dayand night.3.A. He’ll go to see Mr. White at 10:30tomorrow.B. He’d like to make an earlierappointment.C. He’d like to cancel the appointment.D. He’d like to see another dentist.4.A. 8:00 B. 8:15 C.8:40 D. 8:455.A. In a hotel. B.At a fast food bar.C. In the supermarket.D.In the department store.6.A. To resign right away.B.To work one more day as chairman.C.T o think twice before he make the decision.D.T o receive further training upon hisresignation.7.A. She didn’t do anything in particular.B.She send a wounded person to the ER.C.S he had to work in the ER.D.S he went skiing.8.A. A customs officer. B.The man’s mother.C. A school headmaster.D.An immigration officer.9.A. It feels as if the room is going around.B.It feels like a kind of unsteadiness.C.I t feels as if she is falling down.D.I t feels as if she is going around.10. A. John has hidden something in the tree.B.John himself should be blamed.C.J ohn has a dog that barks a lot.D.J ohn is unlucky.11. A. The chemistry homework is difficult.B.The chemistry homework is fun.C.T he math homework is difficult.D.T he math homework is fun.12. A. His backache. B.His broken leg.C. His skin problem.D.His eye condition.13. A. Whooping cough, smallpox andmeasles.B.Whooping cough, chickenpox and measles.C.W hooping cough, smallpox and Germanmeasles.D.W hooping cough, chickenpox and Germanmeasles.14. A. Saturday morning. B.Saturday night.C. Saturday afternoon.D.Next weekend.15. A. He’s lost his notebook.B.His handwriting is messy.C.H e’ll miss class latter this week.D.H e cannot make it for his appointment.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversion and two passages, after each of which, youwill hear five questions. After eachquestion, read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best answer and markthe letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Conversation16. A. He is having a physical checkup.B.He has just undergone an operation.C.H e has just recovered from an illness.D.H e will be discharged from the hospital thisafternoon.17. A. He got an infection in the lungs.B.He had his gallbladder inflamed.C.H e was suffering from influenza.D.H e had developed a big kidney tone.18. A. A lot better. B.Terribly awful.C. Couldn’t be better.D.Okay, but a bit weak.19. A. To be confined to a wheelchair.B.To stay indoors for a complete recovery.C.T o stay in bed and drink a lot of water.D.T o move about and enjoy the sunshine.20. A. From 4 pm to 6 pm. B.From 5 pm to 7 pm.C. From 6 pm to 8 pm.D.From 7 pm to 9 pm.Passage One21. A. The link between weight loss and sleepdeprivation.B.The link between weight gain and sleepdeprivation.C.T he link between weight loss and physicalexercise.D.T he link between weight gain and physicalexercise.22. A. More than 68,000. B.More than 60,800.C. More than 60,080.D.More than 60,008.23. A. Sever-hour sleepers gained moreweight over time than 5-hour ones.B.Five-hour sleepers gained more weight overtime than 7-hour ones.C.S hort-sleepers were 15% more likely tobecome obese.D.S hort-sleepers consumed fewer caloriesthan long sleepers.24. A. Overeating among the sleep-deprived.B.Little exercise among the sleep-deprived.C.L ower metabolic rate resulting from lesssleep.D.H igher metabolic rate resulting from lesssleep.25. A. Exercise every day. B.Take diet pills.C. Go on a diet.D.Sleep more.Passage Two26. A. She is too hard on me.B.She asks too many questions.C.S he is always considerate of my feelings.D.S he is the meanest mother in theneighborhood.27. A. A university instructor.B. A teaching assistant.C. A phD student.D. A psychiatrist.28. A. They usually say no.B.They usually say yes.C.T hey usually wait and see.D.T hey usually refuse to say anything.29. A. They are overconfident.B.Their brains grow too fast.C.T hey are psychologically dependent.D.T heir brains are still immature in someareas.30. A. Be easy on your teen.B.Try to be mean to your teen.C.S ay no to your teen when necessary.D.D on’t care about your teen’s feelings.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the statementsare incomplete, beneath each ofwhich are four words or phrasesmarked A, B, C and D. Choosethe word or phrase that can bestcomplete the statement andmark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET.31. A number of black youths have complained of being by thepolice.A. harassedB. distractedC. sentencedD. released32. He rapidly became with his own power in the team.A. irrigatedB. irradiatedC. streetlightD. torchlight33. Throughout his political career he has always been in the .A. twilightB. spotlightC. streetlightD. torchlight34. We that diet is related to most types of cancer but we don’t have definite proof.A. suspendB. superveneC. superviseD. suspect35. A patient who is dying of incurablecancer of the throat is in terrible pain,which can no longer besatisfactorily .A. alleviatedB. abolishedC. demolishedD. diminished36. The television station is supported byfrom foundations and other sources.A. donationsB. pensionsC. advertisementsD. accounts37. More legislation is needed to protectthe property rights of thepatent.A. integrativeB. intellectualC. intelligentD.intelligible38. Officials are supposed tothemselves to the welfare and healthof the general public.A. adaptB. confineC.commit D. assess39. You should stop yourcondition and do something about it.A. drawing onB. touching onC. leaning onD. dwelling on40. The author of the book has shown hisremarkably keen into humannature.A. perspectiveB. dimensionC. insightD. reflectionSection BDirections: In this section each of the following sentences has a wordor phrase underlined, beneathwhich are four words or phrase.Choose the word or phrasewhich can best keep the meaningof the original sentence if it issubstituted for the underlinedpart. Then mark the letter ofyour choice on the ANSWERSHEET.41.The chemical was found to be detrimentalto human health.A. toxicB. immuneC.sensitive D. allergic42.It will be a devastating blow for thepatient, if the clinic closes.A. permanentB. desperateC. destructiveD. sudden43.He kept telling us about his operation inthe most graphic detail.A. verifiableB. explicitC. preciseD. ambiguous44.The difficult case tested the ingenuity ofeven the most skillful physician.A. credibilityB. commitmentC. honestyD. talent45.He left immediately on the pretext that hehad to catch a train.A. claimB. clueC. excuseD. talent46.The nurse was filled with remorse of notbelieving her .A. anguishB. regretC. apologyD. grief47.The doctor tried to find a tactful way oftelling her the truth.A. delicateB. communicativeC. skillfulD. considerate48.Whether a person likes a routine office jobor not depends largely on temperament.A. dispositionB. qualificationC. temptationD. endorsement49.The doctor ruled out Friday’s surgery forthe patient’s unexpected complications.A. confirmedB. facilitatedC. postponedD. cancelled50.It is not easy to remain tranquil whenevents suddenly change your life.A. cautiousB. motionlessC. calmD. alertPart III Cloze(10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For eachblank, there are four choice markedA, B, C and D listed on the right side.Choose the best answer and markthe letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Experts say about 1% of young women in the United States are almost starving themselves today. They are suffering from a sickness called anorexia.These young women have an abnormal fear of getting fat. They 51 starve themselves so they weigh at 15% less than their normalweight.The National Institute of Mental Health says one 52 ten cases of anorexia leads to serious medical problems. These patients can die from heart failure or the disease can lead young women to 53 themselves. For example, former gymnast Christy Henrich died at age 22. She weighed only 61 pounds.A person with anorexia first develops joint and muscle problems. There is a lack of iron in the blood. 54 the sickness progresses, a young woman’s breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure rates slow down. The important substance calcium is 55 from the bones, something causing bones to break. Sometimes the brain gets smaller, causing changes in 56 a person thinks and acts. Scientists say many patients have further mental and emotional problems. They have 57 opinions about themselves. They feel helpless. Their attempts to become extremely thin may 58 efforts to take control of their lives. They may becomedependent on illegal drugs. Some people also feel the need to continually repeat a(n) 59 . For example, they may repeatedly wash their hands although their hands are clean.Anorexia is a serious eating 60 .If it is not treated on time, it can be fatal.51. A. specifically B. purposelyC. particularlyD. passionately52. A. from B. ofC. atD. in53. A. kill B. starveC. abuseD. worsen54. A. When B. WhileC. AsD. Since55. A. lost B. derivedC. generatedD. synthesized56. A. what B. whyC. howD. which57. A. good B. highC. lowerD. poor58. A. represent B. makeC. presentD. exert59. A. medication B. illusionC. motionD. action60. A. habit B. behaviorC. disorderD. patternPart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Direction: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by fivequestions. For each question thereare four possible answers marked A,B, C and D. Choose the best answerand mark the letter of your choice onthe ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneChildren should avoid using mobile phones for all but essential calls because of possible health effects on young brains. This is one of the expected conclusions of an official government report to be published this week. The report is expected to call for the mobilephone industry to refrain from promoting phone use by children, and to start labeling phones with data on the amount of radiation they emit.The Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones, chaired by former government chief scientist William Stewart, has spent eight months reviewing existing scientific evidence on all aspects of the health effects of using mobile phones. Its report is believed to conclude that because we don’t fully understand the nonthermal effects of radiation on human tissue, the government should adopt a precautionary approach, particularly in relation to children.There is currently no evidence that mobile phones harm users or people living near transmitter masts. But some studies show that cell-phones operating at radiation levels within current safety limits do have some sort of biological effect on the brain.John Tattersall, a researcher on the health effects of radiation at the Defense Evaluation and Research Agency’s site at Porton Down,agrees that it might be wise to limit phone use by children. “If you have a developing nervous system, it’s known to be more susceptible to environmental insults,”he says,“So if phones did prove to be hazardous——which they haven’t yet ——it would be sensible.”In 1998, Tattersall showed that radiation levels similar to those emitted by mobile phones could alter signals from brain cells in slices of rat brain, “What we’ve found is an effect, but we don’t know if it’s hazardous,” he says.Alan Preece of the University of Bristol, who found last year that microwaves increase reaction times in test subjects, agreed that children’s exposure would be greater. “There’s a lot less tissue in the way, and the skill is thinner, so children’s heads are considerably closer,” he says.Stewart’s report is likely to recommend that the current British safety standards on energy emissions from cell-phones should be cut to the level recommended by the InternationalCommission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, which is one-fifth of the current British limit. “The extra safety factor of five is somewhat arbitrary,” says Michael Clark of the National Radiological Protection Board. “But we accept that it’s difficult for the UK to have different standards from an international body.”61. Just because it has not been confirmed yetwhether mobile phone emissions can harmhuman tissue, according to thegovernment report, does not meanthat .A. the government should prohibitchildren from using cell-phonesB. we should put down the phone for thesake of safetyC. the industry can have a right topromote phone useD. children are safe using cell-phones62. Tattersall argues that it is wise to refrainmobile phone use by children in termsof .A. their neural developmentB. their ill-designed cell-phonesC. the frequency of their irrational useD. their ignorance of its possible healtheffects63. On the issue in question,Preece .A. does not agree with TattersallB. tries to remove the obstacles in thewayC. asks for further investigationD. would stand by Stewart64. What is worrisome at present is that theUK .A. is going to turn deaf ears to the voiceof Stesart’s planB. finds it difficult to cut the currentsafety standards on phone useC. maintains different standards onsafety limit from the international onesD. does not even impose safety limit onthe mobile phones’ energy emissions65．Which of the following can bi the best candidate for the title of the passage?A . Brain WaveB. For Adults OnlyC. Catch Them YoungD. The Answer in the AirPassage TwoAdvances in cosmetic dentistry and plastic surgery have made it possible to correct facial birth defects, repair damaged teeth and tissue, and prevent or greatly delay the onset of tooth decay and gum disease. As a result, more people smile more often and more openly today than ever in the past, and we can expect more smiles in the future.Evidence of the smile’s ascent may be seen infamous paintings in museums and galleries throughout the world. The vast majority of prosperous bigwigs(要人),voluptuous nudes, or middle-class family members in formal portraits and domestic scenes appear to have their mouths firmly closed. Soldiers in battle, children at play, beggars, old people, and especially villains may have their mouths open; but their smiles are seldom attractive, and more often suggest strain or violence than joy.Smiles convey a wide range of meanings in different eras and cultures, says art historian Angus Trumble, currently curator(馆长)of Yale University’s Center for British Art, in his book A Brief History of the Smile. Compare, for instance, the varying impressions made by the shy dimples(酒窝)of Leonardo’s Mona Lisa; the rosy-cheeked, mustachioed Laughing Cavalier of Frans Hals; and the”Smiley Face”logo perfected(though not invented)in 1963 by American graphic artist Harvey R.Ball.In some non-Western cultures, Trumblenotes, even a warm, open smile does not necessarily indicate pleasure or agreement. It can simply be a polite mask to cover emotions considered too rude or shocking to bi openly displayed.Subtle differences in muscle movement can convey enormous differences in emotion, from the tranquility of bronze Buddhas, to the erotic bliss of couples entwined in stone on Hindu temples, to the fierce smirk(假笑)of a guardian demon at the entrance to a Chinese tomb.Trumble expects the impact of Western medicine and mass media to further increase the pressure on people to grin broadly and laugh openly in public.”Faint smiles are increasingly thought of in scientific and psychological circles as something that falls short of the true smile ,”and therefore suggest insincerity or lack of enthusiasm, he says.With tattooing, boby piercing, and permanent cosmetics already well established as fashion trends, one can imagine tomorrow’sbeauty shops adding plastic surgeons and dentists to their staffs. These comer-store cosmeticians would offer style makeovers to reshape our lips, teeth, and jawlines to mimic the signature smile of one’s favorite celebrity.What can you say to that except”Have a nice day？”66. Had it not been for cosmetic advances, as inferred from the passage, .A . people would not have been as happy as they are todayB. the rate of facial birth defect would not have declinedC . there would not have been many more open smilesD. we would not have seen smiling faces in public67. According to the passage, it seems thatwhether there is a smile or not in theportraits or pictures is decidedby .A. one’s internal sense of the external worldB . one’s identity or social positionC . one’s times of existenceD . All of the above68. Trumble’s study on smiles shows that .A. an open smile can serve as a cover-upB . the famous portraits radiate varying smilesC. even the human muscles can arouse varying emotionsD. smiles can represent misinterpretations of different eras and cultures69. What Trumble expects to see is .A. the increasing tendency of broad grins and open smiles in publicB . further impact of Western medicine upon non-Western culturesC. a wider range of meanings to be conveyed by smilesD. more of sincerity and enthusiasm in public70 . At the end of the passage, the author implicates .A. a fortune to come with cosmetic advancesB . an identical smile for everybobyC . future changes in life styleD . the future of smilesPassage ThreeAdolf Hitler survived an assassination attempt in 1944 with the lamp of penicillin made by the Allies, a microbiologist in the UK claims. If the Nazi leader had died from bacterial infection of his many wounds, the Second World War might have been over a year earlier, saving millions of lives, says Milton Wainwright of the University of Sheffield, a noted historian ofmicrobiology.In a paper to be published soon in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Wainwright reveals first-hand evidence that Hitler was treated with penicillin by his personal doctor, Theo Morrell, following an assassination attempt in which a bomb in a suitcase exploded next to Hitler’s desk. Hitler was badly hurt, fleeing the scene with his hair and trousers on fire, a badly bleeding arm and countless wooden splinter wounds from the oak table that probably saved his life.Wainwright found confirmation that Morrell gave Hitler antibiotics as a precaution in a recent translation of Morrell’s own diary. “I happened to be reading it for interest when the word penicillin jumped out at me,” he says. He then set about trying to establish where Morrell might have got the drug.At the time, penicillin was available only to the Allies. German and Czechoslovakian teams had tried without much success to make it,Wainwright says, but the small quantities that were available were weak and impure. “It’s g enerally accepted that it was no good,”says Wainwright.He reasons that Morrell would only have risked giving Hitler penicillin to prevent infections if he were confident that the antibiotic would cure, not kill the German premier. “My research shows that Morrell, in a very dodgy(危险的) position as Hitler’s doctor, would only have used pure stuff.”And the only reliable penicillin was that made by the Allies. So where did Morrell get it?Wainwright’s investigations revealed that Allied airmen carried penicillin, so the Germans may have confiscated some from prisoners of war. The other more likely source is from neutral countries such Spain, which received penicillin from Allied countries for humanitarian purposes, perhaps for treating sick children.“I have proof the Allies were sending it tothese countries,”says Wainwright. “I’m saying this would have got through in diplomatic bags, reaching Hitler’s doctor and the higher echelons(阶层)of the Nazi party. So this was almost certainly pure, Allied penicillin.”“We can never be certain it saved Hitler’s life,” says Wainwright. But he notes that one of Hitler’s henchmen(死党)，Reinhard Heydrich, died from blood poisoning after surviving a car-bomb assassination attempt. “Hair from his seat went into his wounds and gave him septicemia,”says Wainwright. Morrell may have been anxious to ensure that Hitler avoided the same fate.71. According to Wainwright, Adolf Hitler .A. might have used biological weapons in the warB. could not have committed suicide as confirmedC. could have died of bacterial infectionD. might have survived a bacterial plague72. Following his assassination in 1944, Adolf Hitler .A. began to exercise precautions against his personal attacksB. was anxious to have penicillin developed in his countryC. received an jinjection of penicillin for blood poisoningD. was suspected of being likely to get infected73. As Wainwright reasons, H itler’s personal doctor .A. cannot have dared to prescribe German-made penicillin to himB. need not have used pure antibiotic for his suspect infectionC. would have had every reason to assassinate himD. must have tried to produce penicillin74. Wainwright implies that the Third Reich .A. met the fate of collapse as expectedB. butchered millions of lives on the earthC. was severely struck by bacterial plaguesD. did have channels to obtain pure penicillin75.Whichof the following can be the best title for the passage?A.HowHitler Manage to Survive Assassination Attempts?B.Morrell Loyal to His German Primier?C.HitlerSaved by Allied Drugs?D.Penicillin Abused in German?Passage FourGet ready for a new kind of machine at your local gym: one that doesn’t involve huffing and puffing as you burn off calories. Instead, all you have to do is stand still for 30 seconds while the machine measures your body fat. It could then tell you exactly where you could do with losing a few pounds and even advise you on exercises for your problem areas. If the body fat scanner turns out to be accurate enough, its makers hope it could one day help doctors spot disease.The scanner works by simultaneously building up an accurate 3D image of the body, while measuring the body’s effect on an electromagnetic field. Combining the two measurements allows the researchers to work out the distribution of fat and water within. Neither method is new on its own, says Henri Tapp, at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich in the UK. “The smart thing is that we’ve put them in one machine.”And it’s not just for gym users. The body fat scanner could be used to study fat deposition as children develop, while patients recover from injury, or during pregnancy. And since it uses radio waves rather than X-rays, Tapp’s device is safe to use repeatedly.Body shape is known to be a risk indicator for heart disease and diabetes. So accurately quantifying fat distribution could help doctors suggest preventive measures to patients before problems arise. At the moment, doctors estimate fat content from knowing body volume and water content. To a good approximation, says Tapp, anything that isn’t fat is water. The amount of water in the body is often measured by giving the subject a drink of water that contains a radioactive tracer. The level of tracer in the patient's urine after three hours reveals the total water volume.To find out a body’s volume, subjects are weighed while totally submerged in water, and this is subtracted from their normal weight togive the weight of water displaced, and hence the subject’s volume. But it is scarcely practical for seriously ill people.There are other ways to directly measure body fat, such as passing a minuscule current between the wrists and feet. The overall fat content can then be estimated from the body’s resistance. But this method doesn’t take body shape into account ——so a subject with particularly skinny legs might register a higher fat content than the true value. That’s because skinny legs—with a lower cross-sectional area——will present higher resistance to current. So the machine thinks the water content of the body is lower——rating the subject as fatter. Also, the system can only give an overall measurement of fat.Tapp’s method uses similar calculations, but is more sophisticated because it tells you where you are piling on the pounds.76. The new machine is designed .A. to picture the body’s hidden fatB. to identify those at risk for obesityC. to help clinically treat specific casesD. to measure accurately risky obesity-related effects77. The beauty of the device, according to Tapp, is that .A. it performs a dual functionB. it is of great accuracy in measurementC. it has significant implications in clinical practiceD. it contributes to the evolution of human anatomy78.Which of the following, according to the passage, does the machine have the potential to spare?A. A minuscule current.B. A radioactive tracer.C. A water tank.D. All of the above.79.In comparison with the techniques mentioned in the passage, the body fat scanner . A. quickens the pace of the patient’s rehabilitationB. is highly appreciated for its safetyC. features its measuring precisionD. is easy to operate in the clinic80.For scanning, all the subject has to do is .A. take up a form of workout in the gymB. turn round the body fat scannerC. lie on the electromagnetic fieldD. sand in the systemPassage FiveThere is currently abroad a new wave of appreciation for breadth of knowledge. Curricula at universalities and colleges and。
首都医科大学神经病学2010年考博真题试卷
首都医科大学
2010年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：神经病学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、名词解释 1.球麻痹 2.边缘系统 3.脊髓压迫症 4.Lennox-Gastant 综合征 5.Decerbrate
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Rigidity 6.Mascular sparing 7.Senile plaques 8.Myasthenic Crisis 9.Epileptoc encephalitis 10.Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome 二、简答 1.感觉障碍的分型及临床表现 2.海绵窦综合征、眶尖综合征、眶上裂综合征的鉴别 3.简述主要的几种脑干反射 4.脑卒中早期救治的生命链的 7 个 D 5.青少年肌阵挛癫痫的发病、临床特征 6.脊髓空洞症的临床特点 7.多系统萎缩的基本概念 三、论述题 1、正常压力性脑积水的临床特点。发病机制、治疗原则 2、CIDP 的诊断及鉴别诊断 3、病例分析，写出诊断、诊断依据、治疗及你所了解的本病的研究进展 病例大概是：13 岁，男性，突发左侧乏力，吐词不清一月入院，外院诊断为脑梗，治疗后有所好 转。 2005 年因高血压、高血糖、高血脂诊断为“代谢综合征”，半年前两次 TIA 史 MRI:右额叶长 T1T2,左额叶、双放射冠、双半乱圆中心长 T2 MRA:双大脑中后动脉极少分支 心脏彩超双肾动脉彩超正常 血常规、尿常规、肝肾功能、凝血、血沉等正常 腰穿正常
近十年重点院校考博解剖专业课试题大全
2002年协和医科大学解剖学考博试题一、名词;1、海式三角（英文）2、胆囊三角3、斜角肌三角4、背盖背区5、REXED板层6、心包斜窦7、鼻烟壶二、填空30分1、肾上腺的血供2、肩胛动脉网3、肛直肠环三、选择20分1、脾的位置2、选择性迷走神经切断术的神经四、问答1、小脑的分叶和联系2、内囊后脚损伤产生那些症状3、踝关节能做那些运动其支配肌肉神经是什么4、骑跨伤损伤造成渗尿会到达那些结构5、胰头癌会压迫那些部位产生什么症状复旦大学医学院2000年解剖学（博士）一、名词解释1、腺管2、胸导管3、海绵窦4、基底膜5、膀胱三角6、胆囊三角7、鼓室二、问答1、针刺中指后痛觉传导通路2、下皮层的功能定位3、肝脏的吡邻复旦大学医学院2001年解剖学（博士）一、名词解释1、膀胱三角2、室上脊3、奇静脉4、海绵窦二、问答1、脊柱的连接2、视觉通路3、心脏的结构复旦大学医学院2002年解剖学（博士）一、名词1、willis环2、肾窦3、巩膜静脉窦二、问答题1.膝关节的组成，运动特点支配肌肉神经2.右心室的结构3.肾脏的解剖毗邻被膜4.丘脑的解剖结构和纤维联系复旦大学医学院2003年解剖学（博士）一、名词解释1.滑膜关节2.肾窦3.腹直肌鞘4.弹性圆锥5.肝胆三角6.语言中枢7.室间隔8.海马-纵隔9.呼吸道二、问答1.手掌动脉的解剖位置2.男性尿道的解剖结构、解剖位置3.脊柱连接4.三叉丘系、脊丘系；内侧、外侧丘系复旦大学医学院2004年解剖学（博士）一、名词解释：（5分/题）1.ptreon;2.结膜穹窿；3.房间隔4.岛叶5.limibic system6.bala7.梨状窝8.venous angle9.髌韧带10.关节盘二、问答题：（10分/题）1.试述内耳的结构组成。
2.内囊的结构和受损后的症状。
3.男性小骨盆与女性小骨盆里都有什么器官，有何区别？4.人体有多少消化腺，其位置形态分泌腺的名称和作用。
四川大学华西医院2007考博题局部解剖学：一、名词解释：颈动脉窦，肺根，面部危险三角区，膀胱直肠陷凹，胆囊三角，（还有一个想不起了）二、问答题：（9选7）1.临床作气管切开的位置，经过的层次，切开过深可损伤的器官，过低可造成什么后果2.盆腹部消化管道的动脉血供及来源3.上、下腔静脉系的吻合支4.腹部器官、结构的体表投影（至少10个）5.子宫的位置，及影响其位置的因素6.股三角的内容、排列及交通7. 腮腺肿大可压迫那些结构8.颈根部的结构9.左右纵隔之间的血管、神经名称及位置2004年湘雅博士入学考试试题局部解剖学名词解释（每题5分，共30分）硬膜外隙（腔）；腹股沟管；Willis环（cerebral arterial circle）bronchopulmonary segment；thoracic duct；鞍上池论述题（1、2题必答，每题18分；3、4、5题任选两题，每题17分）1、颈内动脉的行程、分段及分支分布2、后纵隔的位置、结构及毗邻关系3、髂关节的结构、功能、血供及神经支配4、尿道球部损伤尿液外渗的解剖学基础5、论述肝段划分的理论依据及临床意义苏州大学2004年博士入学解剖试题第一题为必答题，然后从其他题目中选4道题目回答。
首都医科大学神经病学2010年考博真题考博试卷
医学Байду номын сангаас博真题试卷
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首都医科大学
2010 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：神经病学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、名词解释 1.球麻痹 2.边缘系统 3.脊髓压迫症 4.Lennox-Gastant 综合征 5.Decerbrate Rigidity 6.Mascular sparing 7.Senile plaques 8.Myasthenic Crisis 9.Epileptoc encephalitis 10.Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome 二、简答 1.感觉障碍的分型及临床表现 2.海绵窦综合征、眶尖综合征、眶上裂综合征的鉴别 3.简述主要的几种脑干反射 4.脑卒中早期救治的生命链的 7 个 D 5.青少年肌阵挛癫痫的发病、临床特征 6.脊髓空洞症的临床特点 7.多系统萎缩的基本概念 三、论述题 1、正常压力性脑积水的临床特点。发病机制、治疗原则 2、CIDP 的诊断及鉴别诊断 3、病例分析，写出诊断、诊断依据、治疗及你所了解的本病的研究进展 病例 大概是：13 岁，男性，突发左侧乏力，吐词不清一月入院，外院诊断为脑梗， 治疗后有所好转。 2005 年因高血压、高血糖、高血脂诊断为“代谢综合征”， 半年前两次 TIA 史 MRI:右额叶长 T1T2,左额叶、双放射冠、双半乱圆中心 长 T2 MRA:双大脑中后动脉极少分支 心脏彩超双肾动脉彩超正常 血常规、 尿常规、肝肾功能、凝血、血沉等正常 腰穿正常
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301医院301医学院神经解剖学2003,2008--2009,2013--2019年考博真题
2003年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：神经解剖学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
2008年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：神经解剖学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
大题：1.双侧大脑半球间“连合系”2.脑脊液的循环通路3.延髓背外侧综合征4.髓内肿瘤（病例）5. c ushing 反应的机制6.头面部痛温触觉传道路7.语言中枢类别及位置8.硬膜外隙的位置及内容9.室管膜由室管膜细胞构成10.大脑动脉环位于蛛网膜下腔内11.桡神经受损后出现前臂旋后功能消失2009年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：神经解剖学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
大题：1.延髓背外侧综合征2.头部的痛敏结构3.语言中枢类别及位置4.海绵窦的位置及穿经结构5.视觉传导通路6.分析脑干内脏神经节的纤维联系7.脑的动脉来源及供血范围8.小脑皮质、大脑皮质的分层、结构特征及纤维联系9.脑脊液的产生和循环10.面神经的走向、功能2013年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：神经解剖学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、选择题，40个，每个0.5分，共20分考得很杂，自主神经系统部分考了不少题，只记得满眼交感副交感神经，特别还是不定项选择题，单选多选混杂二、填空题，5个，每个2分，共10分1、小脑的核团有哪些。
2、Horner综合征的病变部位有哪些。
3、半切综合征的临床症状4、框上裂有哪些神经通过5、副交感神经支配膀胱有哪些表现三、名词解释，4个，每个5分，共20分1、神经肌肉接头2、FilumTerminale3、Wernicke4、外侧纵束四、简答题，4个，每个5分，共20分1、基底节神经核的组成2. 凝视麻痹3、头部的副交感神经核有哪些4、画颈髓横截面图并标注传导束五、论述题，3个，每个10分，共30分1、简述下丘脑的功能。
中南大学湘雅医院神经解剖学2010年考博真题试卷
4.一患者背部受伤，查体示：左下肢不能随意运动，成痉挛性瘫痪，而且不能感觉到放在他左脚趾、左膝关节和左髂前上嵴上振动的音叉。左手指的运动也有中等程度的减弱。在身体右侧胸骨角平面以下的痛温觉丧失。
5.试分析损伤位置及上述症状产生的原因。
中南大学
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
中南大学湘雅医院
2010年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：神经解剖学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、简答题
1.试比较中央前回、内囊、小脑的血液供应。
2.试述面神经的行程、分支分布并比较分析其行程中不同部位受损后可能出现的症状。
二、论述题
1.请写出当你阅读文献后再做摘抄来自所经过的神经通路。2.何谓神经元环路？你如何看待神经元环路？
北中医研究生神经解剖复习思考题
神经解剖复习思考题说明：由于一些同学反映不清楚前面二位老师的复习内容，所现将所有的复习范围合并成一个总的，如下：一、名词：尼氏体、神经纤维、星型胶质细胞、髓鞘、纹状体、小脑岛、红核、黑质、内囊、Renshaw 细胞、薄束核、楔束核、连合纤维、投射纤维、联络纤维、特殊内脏运动纤维、特殊内脏感觉纤维、内侧丘系、节前神经元、灰交通支、白交通支、蛛网膜粒、脉络丛、大脑动脉环（Willis环）、硬膜外隙、血脑屏障二、回答下列问题1、何为尼氏体，在电镜下由什么组成，它的作用是什么，神经元损伤时尼氏体发生什么样的变化？2、轴浆是如何组成的，轴浆可运输哪些物质或结构？3、神经元的细胞骨架包括哪些成员？4、神经纤维是如何构成的，有髓纤维和无髓纤维有何区别？5、神经元变性时其胞体在光镜下发生哪些变化？6、星型胶质细胞有哪两种，各分布在何处？7、髓鞘是怎样形成的？中枢神经和周围神经的髓鞘形成细胞各是什么细胞？8、中枢神经内的胶质细胞有哪些？哪一种细胞是中枢神经内的巨噬细胞？血脑屏障是如何形成的？9、神经管是如何分化的？分化后的神经管形成哪三层？10、胚胎第四周和第五周时神经管前端各形成哪些脑泡，各期脑泡又是如何演变最后形成五个部分的？脑室是怎样形成的？11、神经元胞体内不同于体细胞胞体的结构主要有哪些？12、脊髓的内部结构如何？13、脊Ｎ有几种纤维成分？这些纤维各直接来源于何处？14、通过检查怎样知道患者是脊神经、后根、后索和白质前连合损伤？15、脑神经核有哪些？它们的位置性质？16、小脑的内部结构如何？17、间脑的位置和分部如何？18、大脑的内部结构如何？19、大脑皮质有哪些重要的中枢，位置、特点如何？20、延髓内有何交叉？各由何组成？21、右侧内囊损伤可出现那些症状？为什么？22、简述下列脑神经的纤维成份、核团联系、出颅部位及主要功能：动眼神经、前庭蜗神经、副神经、舌下神经23、试述上泌涎核发出的副交感纤维，经怎样的过程到达泪腺。
神经病学试题-首医
2010年首医考博神经病学真题5.decerebrate rigidity6.Macular sparing7.Senile plaques8.myasthenic crisis9.epileptic encephalitis10.cerebral salt wasting syndrome二.选择题(2个单选,3个多选),抱歉,记不清具体题,只记得多选最后一题为服用抗癫痫药的不良反应有哪些.三.简答题:1.感觉障碍的类型有哪些.2.鉴别海绵窦综合症眶尖综合症眶上裂综合症3.脑干反射有哪些,并写出反射路径.睫脊反射即瞳孔皮肤反射，临床用抓或夹下颌、颊部皮肤，可引起瞳孔扩大的反应称瞳孔皮肤反射，亦属躯体－内脏反射。
刺激下颌或颊部皮肤时，冲动经三叉神经之下颌神经的感觉纤维入脑，至三叉神经脊束核，交换神经元，由该核发出纤维与网状结构内的细胞形成突触，再自网状结构的细胞发出的网状脊髓束进入脊髓，与胸l一2中间带外侧柱的细胞形成突触，换元后的交感节前纤维，经胸1—2脊神经白交通支，入交感干，上升终止于颈上神经节细胞，自此神经节发出交感节后纤维，经颈内动脉神经丛及睫状长神经，到达并支配瞳孔开大肌。
也有人认为瞳孔的开大成因于动眼神经副核的作用被抑制的结果。
角膜反射头眼反射眼前庭反射4.卒中急性期7D治疗.国际复苏学会将脑血管病急救流程概括为7D系统：发现（Detection）、派遣（Dispatch）、转运（Delivery）、门急诊（Door）、收集资料（Data）、临床决策（Decision）、药物治疗（Drug）。
5.青少年肌阵挛癫痫.7.脊髓空洞症的临表(这一题我忘了是出在简答中,还是论述中了...)四论述题1.正常颅压脑积水的临床表现发病机制治疗原则2.CIDP 的诊断及鉴别诊断3.病例分析,给了一份病例的描述,给了患者的DSA和MRI,让据病史查体辅助检查定患者的临床诊断,诊断依据, 治疗原则及谈谈对此病进展的认识.应为烟雾病(脑底异常血管网病,Moyamoya病)2010年首医考博神经病学真题一、名词解释1.Gestman syndrome2.核间性眼肌麻痹3.球麻痹4.多发性硬化Charcot三主征5.癫痫性脑病6.MCI（轻度认知障碍）7.Todd’s 麻痹8.Bell’s 麻痹9.Fisher10.Parinaud syndrome二、简答题1.大脑中动脉梗塞的临床症状2.短暂性全面性遗忘的表现3.分水岭脑梗塞的分型4.多发性硬化的Poser诊断标准5.发作性睡病的临床诊断标准三、论述题1.常见的腔隙综合征2.AD的科研诊断标准。