有机化学专业英语
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-N2 -N3 -NO -NO2 -OR -SR
prefix
iodyl dihydroxyi
odo diazo azido nitroso nitro R-oxy R-thio
9
பைடு நூலகம்
主要官能团作词头和词尾时的应用名称
Class
Formula
Prefix
Suffix
carboxylic acid
sulfonic acid salts
8
一些作词头的常见官能团
Characteristic group -Br -Cl
-ClO -ClO2 -ClO3
-F -I -IO
prefix
bromo chloro
chlorosyl chloryl perchloryl fluoro
iodo iodosyl
Characteristic group -IO2 -I(OH)2
– oxides of carbon (CO2, CO) – carbonates,bicarbonates(NaHCO3,CaCO3) – cyanides (NaCN, etc)
One C with no H, or with metal • Carbon can form four bonds…
• Functional groups are parts of molecules that result in characteristic features
• About 100 functional groups exist, we will focus on about 10
• Useful to group the infinite number of possible organic compounds
H
O
C
C
Cl
CC
Cl
H
H
Cl
CH C
H3C
C
CH
CH CH
CH3 CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3
C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H 3 H 3 C C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H 26
Organic Chemistry:
Functional Groups
7
Functional groups
-oyl halide
-carboxamide -amide
-carboxamidine -amidine 10
Class nitriles
aldehydes
ketones Alcohols and
phenols thiols amines imines ethers sulfides
Formula -C=N -(C)=N -CHO -(C)HO
• 本周四晚课改为自由实践课，经图书馆查阅电子期 刊(电子阅览室)或各阅览室的纸质期刊，将对期刊 (化学类)的了解方式、了解并对其中某一期刊的内 容进行描述以邮件形式发到如下邮箱，截止日期 2010.9.20：
标题：班级+学号+姓名
1班：hy0408401@163.com 2班：hy0408402@163.com 4班：hy0408404@163.com
• E.g. the simplest group is hydrocarbons Made up of only C and H Not really a functional “group” Further divided into: • Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatics
3
Origin of organic compounds
• Naturally occurring organic compounds are found in plants, animals, and fossil fuels
• All of these have a plant origin • All of these rely on the “fixing” of C from CO2 • Synthetic organic compounds are derived from
=(C)=O -OH
-SH -NH2 -NH -OR -SR
Prefix Cyano
---formyl
oxo
• 第四周始星期四晚9，10节课调至新图书馆一楼就
业指导中心的多媒体教室
1
For example
学报： 《有机化学》、《无机化学》、 《分析化学》、《物理化学》、 《中国化学》、《高分子化学》、 《理化检验》………..
高校化学工程学报
2
有机化合物命名
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
-COOR -(C)OOR -CO-halogen -(C)O-halide
-CO-NH2 -(C)O-NH2 -C(=NH)-NH2 -(C)(=NH)-NH2
R-oxycarbonyl ----
Haloformyl ----
Carbamoyl -----
Amidino ---
R-carboxylate R-carboxylate -carbonyl halide
fossil fuels or plant material
4
Introduction
• Most current research focuses on Organic • Originally from “organic” meaning life • Not just chemistry of life, chemistry of carbon • Exceptions:
CCC CC
5
Carbon forms four bonds
• Carbon can form four bonds, and forms strong covalent bonds with other elements
• This can be represented in many ways …
-COOH -(C)OOH
-SO3H -COOM -(C)OOM
carboxy -
sulfo
------
-carboxylic acid -oic acid
-sulfonic acid
metal…carboxylate metal…oate
esters acid halides
amides amidine
prefix
iodyl dihydroxyi
odo diazo azido nitroso nitro R-oxy R-thio
9
பைடு நூலகம்
主要官能团作词头和词尾时的应用名称
Class
Formula
Prefix
Suffix
carboxylic acid
sulfonic acid salts
8
一些作词头的常见官能团
Characteristic group -Br -Cl
-ClO -ClO2 -ClO3
-F -I -IO
prefix
bromo chloro
chlorosyl chloryl perchloryl fluoro
iodo iodosyl
Characteristic group -IO2 -I(OH)2
– oxides of carbon (CO2, CO) – carbonates,bicarbonates(NaHCO3,CaCO3) – cyanides (NaCN, etc)
One C with no H, or with metal • Carbon can form four bonds…
• Functional groups are parts of molecules that result in characteristic features
• About 100 functional groups exist, we will focus on about 10
• Useful to group the infinite number of possible organic compounds
H
O
C
C
Cl
CC
Cl
H
H
Cl
CH C
H3C
C
CH
CH CH
CH3 CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3
C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H 3 H 3 C C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H 26
Organic Chemistry:
Functional Groups
7
Functional groups
-oyl halide
-carboxamide -amide
-carboxamidine -amidine 10
Class nitriles
aldehydes
ketones Alcohols and
phenols thiols amines imines ethers sulfides
Formula -C=N -(C)=N -CHO -(C)HO
• 本周四晚课改为自由实践课，经图书馆查阅电子期 刊(电子阅览室)或各阅览室的纸质期刊，将对期刊 (化学类)的了解方式、了解并对其中某一期刊的内 容进行描述以邮件形式发到如下邮箱，截止日期 2010.9.20：
标题：班级+学号+姓名
1班：hy0408401@163.com 2班：hy0408402@163.com 4班：hy0408404@163.com
• E.g. the simplest group is hydrocarbons Made up of only C and H Not really a functional “group” Further divided into: • Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatics
3
Origin of organic compounds
• Naturally occurring organic compounds are found in plants, animals, and fossil fuels
• All of these have a plant origin • All of these rely on the “fixing” of C from CO2 • Synthetic organic compounds are derived from
=(C)=O -OH
-SH -NH2 -NH -OR -SR
Prefix Cyano
---formyl
oxo
• 第四周始星期四晚9，10节课调至新图书馆一楼就
业指导中心的多媒体教室
1
For example
学报： 《有机化学》、《无机化学》、 《分析化学》、《物理化学》、 《中国化学》、《高分子化学》、 《理化检验》………..
高校化学工程学报
2
有机化合物命名
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
-COOR -(C)OOR -CO-halogen -(C)O-halide
-CO-NH2 -(C)O-NH2 -C(=NH)-NH2 -(C)(=NH)-NH2
R-oxycarbonyl ----
Haloformyl ----
Carbamoyl -----
Amidino ---
R-carboxylate R-carboxylate -carbonyl halide
fossil fuels or plant material
4
Introduction
• Most current research focuses on Organic • Originally from “organic” meaning life • Not just chemistry of life, chemistry of carbon • Exceptions:
CCC CC
5
Carbon forms four bonds
• Carbon can form four bonds, and forms strong covalent bonds with other elements
• This can be represented in many ways …
-COOH -(C)OOH
-SO3H -COOM -(C)OOM
carboxy -
sulfo
------
-carboxylic acid -oic acid
-sulfonic acid
metal…carboxylate metal…oate
esters acid halides
amides amidine