中国斑腿蝗科特有种的分布及特有分布区划分

中国斑腿蝗科特有种的分布及特有分布区划分∗

许升全

陕西师范大学动物研究所,西安 710062

摘要按照150×150公里对中国陆地部分进行栅格划分，收集整理了中国斑腿蝗科237个特有种在各栅格的分布信息，建立了物种(237)×栅格(168)数据矩阵，研究了中国斑腿蝗科特有种的分布规律并用PAE法进行特有分布区划分。结果表明：除天山山地分布的少数几个种外，中国斑腿蝗科特有种基本分布西南-东北走向。在该范围内南多北少。华南和西南是中国斑腿蝗科特有种最丰富的地区，在秦巴山区、藏东南和浙闽丘陵地带各有一个高密度的分布区。11个特有分布区中5个分布在东洋界部分，两个在东部古北和东洋界交界区，天山山地有一个分散的特有分布区，东北有2个特有分布区。特有分布区的分布和划分基本和中国动物地理区划及区系相一致，但台湾地区归入华中区；横断山和秦岭山地的栅格在支序图中多形成未决分类单元，特有分布区划分困难；华南和华中地区的特有分布区可以进一步划分成更小范围的特有分布区；从云南西北的腾冲、保山经过贵州南部到广西桂林的一个东西狭长的区域可以作为一个特有分布区。

关键词特有种特有分布区特有性俭约分析分布斑腿蝗科

The Distribution and Area of endemism of Catantopidae grasshopper species endemic to China

XU Sheng-Quan

Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, China

Abstract The land of China was divided into grids of 150km×150km, The distribution information of 237 Chinese endemic Catantopidae grasshopper species on them was gathered to construct a data matrix of species ×grids. Based on the data matrix, the distributive patterns of Chinese endemic Catantopidae grasshopper species were analyzed. Parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) was used to identify the area of endemism. The results show that: except a few species in Tianshan Mountains, Most Catantopidae grasshopper species endemic to China were distributed in the region of Southwest-Northeast China. In this region, the density in the south is higher than in the north. The South China and The Southwest of China are two areas hold high density of endemic

∗

国家自然科学基金项目（No.30370170）[ This research was funded by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No30370170)]

E-mail:shqx@或xushengquan@

grasshopper species. Qinling Mountains, the Southeast Tibet and the highland in Zhejiang-Fujian have areas of higher density endemic grasshopper species respectively. Eleven Area of endemism were identified. Among them, five located in the Oriental realm, two in the borderline between the Oriental realm and the Palaearctic realm, one scattered in the Tianshan Mountains and two in The Northeast of China. The regions and the distribution of all those area of endemism are mostly in congruence with the Chinese zoogeographical region division and fauna, except some special areas. Taiwan is close to the Middle China region. Most grids of Qinling Mountains and Hengduanshan Mountains formed unresolved units in the cladogram, it is difficult to identify the area of endemism in these two regions. The clades of the South China and the Middle China are consisted of some small clades. They can be divided into some small area of endemism. A narrow area, which covers Tengchong, Baoshan, the South of Guizhou and extended to Guilin, is an area of endemism, which has not been identified in the formal study.

Key Words Endemic species; Area of endemism; Parsimony analysis of endemicity; Distribution; Catantopidae;

特有种是指在一个区域分布而其他区域没有分布的种类，其形成受生物地理历史过程和生态环境的双重影响。历史生物地理学着重从生物地理形成过程的角度探讨现代生物地理分布格局的形成(Crisci，Katinas and Posadas，2003)。特有分布区（Area of endemism）是历史生物地理学的一个基本概念，表示两个或多个特有种重叠分布的区域，这些特有种具有相同的生物地质历史过程(Humphries and Parenti 1999)。与生物分类单元之间往往具有明显的形态差异可以区别不同，特有分布区大多数情况下是一些连续的区域，在进行支序生物地理学研究时我们需要对其范围和界线进行划分。在目前的研究中（Andersen，1991；Choi，2000；Schuh and Stonedahl，1986；梁爱萍，1998，2003），特有分布区的划分往往具有主观性。划分成多少个特有分布区，区域间的界限如何确定，在不同人的研究工作中，甚至同一人的不同研究中都可能是变化的。对中国南部的支序生物地理学研究都把中国的南部作为一个区域来分析它和其他区域的关系，没而有考虑其内部的特有分布区划分问题(Schuh & Stonedahl，1986；Andersen，1991；Choi，2000)。特有性简约分析（Parsimony analysis of endemicity，PAE）是最早用来进行特有分布区划分的方法(Morrone，1994；Morrone and Carpenter，1994；Morrone and Crisci，1995)，该方法最大的特点就是不要求分类单元的系统发育关系，依据大量特有种在区域栅格或其他区域单元中的分布信息用俭约分析的方法来建立区域支序图，并依据区域支序图来进行特有分布区的划分(Crisci，Katinas and Posadas，2003)。