医学英语往年试题

E x a m i n a t i o n P a p e r(F o r m e d i c a l s t u d e n t s)学号________姓名_______分数_________I.C h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t m e a n i n g f o r e a c h p r e f i x o r s u f f i x.8%1. masto – A. breast. B. womb. C. menses. D. orar y2. extra – A. inside. B. outside. C. across. D. backward3. spleno – A. cell . B. bone marrow. C. thymus. D. spleen4. –ectomy A. cutting. B. stomy. C. cutting out. D. outlet –forming5.d e r m o– A.s k i n. B.b e l o w. C.u n d e r. D.c u t i6.p r o t e o– A.s w e e t. B.b i l e. C.p r o t e i n. D.f a t7.c h r o m o– A.t i m e. B.c o l o r. C.f o r. D.d i s e a s e8.n e c r o– A.l i f e. B.c o l o u r. C.t i m e. D.d e a d.I I.F i l l i n g i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h p r o p e r w o r d s.8%9. We will use the term ________to refer to the data that can be gathered about an individual p a t i e n t,n a m e l y,s y m p t o m s,s i g n s,a n d l a b o r a t o r y a b n o r m a l i t i e s.10. __________________are those diseases characterized by structural changes within the bodya s t h e m o s tb a s ic a b n o r m a l i t y.11. The surgeon should never leave the operating room area until the report is dictated, unless his o r h e r___________i s r e q u i r e d f o r a n e m e r g e n c y e l s e w h e r e.12. The function of the ______________is to protect us from organisms that cause disease, andf r o m o t h e r m a t e r i a l s t h a t w o u l d b e h a r m f u l t o t h e b o d y.13. AIDS, abbreviation of________________________________________, is a viral disease that impairs the immune system of the human body, leaving it prey to a great variety of infections that w o u l d b e r e a d i l y s u p p r e s s e d b y a f u n c t i o n i n g i m m u n e s y s t e m.14. Approximately 10% of the patients _______ breast cancer present with a history of trauma.15. Obesity in children and adolescents may be associated with sociopsychologic ____________.16. Most people who have recently been infected by HIV look and feel perfect ___________.I I I.C h o o s e t h e b e s t a n s w e r t o e a c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g q u e s t i o n s.8%17.G e n e t i c a n d d e v e l o p m e n t a l d i s e a s e s_______________.a.c o v e r a w i d e r a n g e o f a b n o r m a l i t i e sb.a r e i n f l u e n c e d b y e n v i r o n m e n t s o a s t o a p p e a r e a r l y i n l i f ec.a r e d e f i n e d a s i n j u r i e s,i n f l a m m a t i o n,o r e v e n n e o p l a s m sd.a r e c a u s e d b y b i o c h e m i c a l c h a n g e s p r e s e n t a t b i r t h18.S t r u c t u r a l c h a n g e s w i t h i n t h e b o d y________.a.a r e t h e m o s t b a s i c a b n o r m a l i t yb.a r e u s u a l l y a t t h e m i c r o s c o p i c o r e l e c t r o n m i c r o s c o p i c l e v e lc.m a y b e e i t h e r b i o c h e m i c a l o r m o r p h o l o g i cd.a r e d i f f i c u l t t o c l a s s i f y19.W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s a r e n o t t r u e?a.S t r u c t u r a l d i s e a s e s s o m e t i m e s f a l l i n t o m o r e t h a n o n e c a t e g o r y.b.S t r u c t u r a l d i s e a s e s a r e n o t a l w a y s t o c l a s s i f y.c. Structural diseases usually fall into more of the three broad categories.d. Structural diseases are called lesions that may be biochemical or morphologic.20. The author suggests that all of the following means be used to help children with elevatedb l o o dc h o l e s t e r o l l e v e l s e x c e p t________.a.f o r m a l n u t r i t i o n c o u n s e l i n gb.r e g u l a r f o l l o w-u p,i n c l u d i n g m e a s u r e m e n t o f b l o o d l e v e l s.c.d i e t a r y i n t e r v e n t i o n s a s f i r s t t h e r a p yd.l i p i d-l o w e r i n g m e d i c a t i o n s21. The one thing that the author does not recommend is that _________.a. young people should be screened to detect elevated blood cholesterol levelsb.a l o w-f a t,b a l a n c e d d i e t s h o u l d b e c o m e t h e n o r mc.e f f o r t s t o l o w e r f a t i n f o o d s h o u l d b e e n c o u r a g e dd.d i e t a r y e d u c a t i o n s h o u l d b e p r o m o t e d22. Which of the following is true of the students in the control of the DISC?a.T h e y s h o w e d t h e s a m e r e d u c t i o n s i n b l o o d l i p i d l e v e l s.b.T h e y m a d e c h a n g e s t o w a r d h e a l t h i e r b e h a v i o r s.c.T h e y w e r e a w a r e o f t h e h i g h r i s k s o f t h e s t u d y.d.T h e y m a d e i n f o r m a t i o n i n t h i s t r i a l a v a i l a b l e t o p h y s i c i a n s.23.H o w d o e s H I V d a m a g e s t h e i m m u n e s y s t e m?a.B y i n t e g r a t i n g w i t h a n d t a k i n g o v e r R N A o f c e l l s.b.B y i n f i l t r a t i n g a n d b l o o d s t r e a m.c.B y i n f e c t i n g a n d d a m a g i n g h e l p e r T c e l l s.d.B y i n c r e a s i n g t h e c r u c i a l a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e k i l l e r T c e l l s.24. The author believed that the best way to check the spread of the AIDS is __________.a.t o c o n d u c t g l o b a l e d u c a t i o n a b o u t t h e d i s e a s eb.t o t r e a t t h e k n o w n c a s e s w i t h A Z Tc.t o l i m i t t h e p r o c e s s o f t h e d i s e a s ed.t o u s e c o n d o m s a n d o t h e r“s a f e s e x”p r a c t i c e sI V.R e a d i n g c o m p r e h e n s i o n.30%P a s s a g e A HIV is spread or transmitted from the person to another by bodily fluids such as bloods, semen and vaginalf l u i d.T h i s h a p p e n e d i n t w o m a i n w a y s:1.b y s e x u a l i n t e r c o u r s e w i t h a n i n f e c t e d p e r s o n. The virus can be transmitted when an infected individual has sexual intercourse with another person. The lager the number of sexual partners and individual has, the more likely he or she is to have a partner who h a s H I V i n f e c t i o n,t h e r e b y i n c r e a s i n g t h e c h a n c e s o f b e c o m i n g i n f e c t e d. The virus is passed on more easily by anal intercourse than by vaginal intercourse. The infection can be transmitted not only from man to man and man to woman, but also from woman to man.Although transmission is more likely to occur from males to females than from females to males, the risk o f f e m a l e t o m a k e t r a n s m i s s i o n i s s i g n i f i c a n t.2.b y i n f e c t e d b l o o d a n d b l o o d p r o d u c t s. Although transmission of HIV has occurred through transfusions of infected blood and blood products in the past, donations to the Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service are now routinely tested for HIV antibodies. This screening and other measures introduced by the Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service ma k e th e ch an ce s o f an yo n e b e in g in f ec te d tho ug h th is rou te ve r y,ve r y s lim.a. Transmission through blood from a person infected with virus occurs when infected needlesa n d/o r s y r i n g e s a r e s h a r e db y p e o p l e u s i n g i l l ic i td r u g s.b. There is absolutely no risk of blood donors acquiring HIV infection by giving blood to the RedC r o s s T r a n s f u s i o n S e r v i c e.3.f r o m m o t h e r t o b a b y d u r i n g p r e g n a n c y. The virus is very likely to be passed from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy. There is also a possibility of the virus being transmitted through breast milk. Women who intend to become pregnant s h o u l d c o n s i d e r h a v i n g a n H I V a n t i b o d y t e s t. W e d o k n o w h o w t h e v i r u s i s N O T s p r e a d: It is NOT spread through the air. You cannot become infected by breathing the air breathed out by an i n f e c t e d p e r s o n o r t h e a i r f r o m a n a i r c o n d i t i o n e r.It is NOT spread through people swallowing infected liquids. HIV has been found in saliva, but infection does NOT take place through using cups, glasses, plates, other crockery or cutlery which has been used by people with AIDS. There is no evidence that HIV can be acquired by intimate kissing. It is NOT spread by mosquitoes. Studies in the USA have NOT linked the spread of HIV with mosquitoes.25.H I V c a n n o t b e s p r e a d.a. by semenb. by foodc. by vaginal fluidd. by breast milk26.T h e v i r u s i s p a s s e d o n m o r e e a s i l y.a. by vaginal intercourseb. by anal intercoursec. by personal contactd. by mosquit oes27.H I V c a n b e m o r e e a s i l y t r a n s m i t t e d.a. from male to femalesb. from females to malesc.f r o m a n m o t h e r t o h e r c h i l d d,f r o m s a l i v a28.W o m e n w h o i n t e n d t o b e c o m e p r e g n a n t s h o u l d c o n s i d e r. a,h a v in g a n H IV a n tib o d y te s t b.h a v in g b lo o d te s t c.r e c e i v i n g a b l o o d t r a n s f u s i o n d.b r e a d f e e d i n g29.H I V c a n b e s p r e a d.a.th ro u gh us in g c ups,g la s se s,p la te s…b. b r ea th in g th e in f ec te d a irc. through the aird. during pregnancyP a s s a g e B Online doctors offering advice based on standardized symptoms are the most obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis (telemedicine) will be based on real physiological data from the actual patient. A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using an off-the shelf PDA (personal data assistance) such as a Palm Pilot plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly feasible to transmit a patient’s vital signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment in a first-aid kit, the cry asking w h e t h e r t h e r e w a s a d o c t o r i n t h e h o u s e c o u l d w e l l b e a t h i n g o f t h e p a s t. Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to rural care. And at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a tool for disaster response ---- especially after earthquakes. Overall, the t r e n d i s t o w a r d s p r o v i d i n g g l o b a l a c c e s s t o m e d i c a l d a t a a n d e x p e r t i s e.But there is one problem. Bandwidth is the limiting factor for transmitting complex medical images around the world ---- CT scans being one of the biggest bandwidth consumers. Communication satellites may be able to cope with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes, wars or famines. But medicine is looking towards both the second-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for the future o f d i s t r i b u t e d m e d i c a l i n t e l l i g e n c e.30.T h e b a s i s o f r e m o t e d i a g n o s i s w i l l b e_____.a.p e r s o n a l d a t a a s s i s t a n c eb.s t a n d a r d i z e d s y m p t o m s o f a p a t i e n tc.r e a l p h y s i o l o g i c a l d a t a f r o m a p a t i e n td.t r a n s m i t t e d c o m p l e x m e d i c a l i m a g e s31. The sentence “the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past” m e a n s______.a.p a t i e n t s u s e d t o c r y a n d a s k i f t h e r e w a s a d o c t o r i n t h e h o u s eb.n o w p e o p l e p r o b a b l y w o u l d n o t a s k i f t h e r e i s a d o c t o r i n t h e h o u s ec.p a t i e n t s a r e n o w s t i l l a s k i n g i f t h e r e i s a d o c t o r i n t h e h o u s ed.l i t t l e k i d s o f t e n c r i e d a n d a s k e d i f t h e r e w a s d o c t o r i n t h e h o u s e32.A l l t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s a r e t r u e E X C E P T t h a t_____.a.f l o o d i s n o t a m o n g t h e d i s a s t e r s m e n t i o n e d i n t h e p a s s a g eb.i t i s n o w f e a s i b l e t o t r a n s m i t a p a t i e n t’s v i t a l s i g n s o v e r t e l e p h o n ec. telemedicine is being used by many medical teams as a too l for disaster responsed. the trend in applying telemedicine is toward providing global access to medical data33. The word “problem” in th e four th pa ragraph re fers to the fact that _____.a.C T s c a n s a r e o n e o f t h e b i g g e s t b a n d w i d t h c o n s u m e r sb.t h e r e a r e n o t e n o u g h mo b i l e p h o n e s f o r d i s t r i b u t i n g m e d i c a l i n t e l l i g e n c ec. communication satellites can only cope with the short-term needs during disastersd. bandwidth is not adequate to transmit complex medical images around the world34.A p r o p e r t i t l e f o r t h e p a s s a g e m a y b e______.a.T h e O n l i n e D o c t o r W i l l B e I nb.I m p r o v e m e n t i n C o m m u n i c a t i o n sc.H o w t o M a k e R e m o t e D i a g n o s i s.d.T h e A d v a n t a g e o f T e l e m e d i c i n eP a s s a g e C Medical researchers believe they may soon be able to prevent one of the worl d’s most feared diseases, leprosy（麻风病）. The scientists studying leprosy have developed a vaccine that appears to prevent the disease in some animals. Later this year the doctors plan to carry out the tests of vaccine on humans in the U n i t e d S t a t e s,N o r w a y a n d B r i t a i n. About fifteen million persons are victims of leprosy today. The disease produces skin sores and high body temperatures. It also deadens the nerve endings in the hands, feet and nose. Do many leprosy victims can n o t f e e l w h e n t h e i r h a n d s o r f e e t g e t b u r n e d,c u t o r f r o z e n. Doctors found that leprosy grows easily in armadillos (犰狳). The armadillos are chosen for the studies because its body temperature is similar to the cooler skin area of humans where leprosy spreads fastest, the fingers, toes and nose. One gram of infected armadillo liver can provide large amounts of leprosy bacteria. Doctors cook the bacteria until they are dead. The dead bacteria then are made into the vaccine. So far the vaccine has successfully prevented the development of le prosy in mice and armadillos.35. Which of the following area is not included in the tests of the vaccine carried out on humans?a.A m e r i c ab.N o r w a yc.B r i t a i nd.A s i a36.______i s n o t t h e d i r e c t c l i n i c a l m a n i f e s t a t i o n o f l e p r o s y.a.H i g h b o d y t e m p e r a t u r eb.S k i n s o r e sc.D e a d e n i n g o f n e r v e e n d i n g i n t h e h a n d s,f e e t a n d n o s ed.I n f e c t i o n37.S c i e n t i s t s c h o o s e a r m a d i l l o s f o r t h e i r s t u d i e s b e c a u s e_____?a.t h e y a r e e a s y t o f e e db.t h e y c a n b e e a s i l y c a u g h tc.t h e i r b o d y t e mp e r a t u r e i s s i mi l a r to t h a t o f th e l e p r o s y p a t i e n t s.d.t h e y e x i s t e v e r y w h e r e i n t h e w o r l d.38. The less likely to be attacked part of human body by leprosy bacteria is ____.a. heartb. toesc. nosed. fingers39.A m o n g t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s,w h i c h i s n o t t r u e?a.A b o u t15,000,000p e r s o n s a r e v i c t i m s o f l e p r o s y t o d a y.b.L e p r o s y v i c t i m s f e e l p a i n w h e n t h e i r h a n d s g e t b u r n e d.c.S c i e n t i s t s u s e d e a d b a c t e r i a i n t h e v a c c i n e.d.L e p r o s y i s o n e o f t h e w o r l d’s m o s t f r i g h t e n i n g d i s e a s e s.V.T r a n s l a t i o n s.26%A.f r o m C h i n e s e i n t o E n g l i s h40. 单词血胆固醇测定在生物学和检测方面的不稳定性，对儿童打上“高危”标记（经常不适当）的危险性，以及折现筛选计划成果的有限性，都表明了全国胆固醇教育计划指导方针是合理的。