APBiology生物学术语中英对照
生物学基本名词详细解释(中英文对照)
生物学基本名词详细解释（中英文对照）/english/speciality/5091.html组织相容性Histocompatibility字面上讲是指不同组织共存的能力；严格地讲是指所有移植蛋白的一致性，这是阻止移植和器官排斥的需要。
组织相容性的分子基础是修饰几乎所有人类细胞表面的一套移植蛋白。
这些蛋白是由位于6号染色体上的一段称为主要组织相溶性复合体基因，MHC编码的。
这些蛋白高度多态。
例如，它们在不同的人中显示差异。
尽管很多人会有一些相同的MHC分子，极少数人有完全相同的MHC分子。
微小的差别导致这些蛋白质被移植受体的免疫系统识别为外来的而进行破坏。
对成功的移植来说这些蛋白质应该在供体和受体之间相匹配。
双胞胎相配的几率最高，接下来是兄弟姐妹。
在一般人群中只有10万分之一的比例是MHC匹配的，可以允许移植。
Literally, the ability of different tissues to “get along”; strictly, identity in all of the transplantation proteins, which is a requirement for the prevention of graft or organ rejection. The molecular basis of histocompatibility is a set of transplantation proteins that decorate the surface of nearly all human cells. These proteins are encoded by genes that are grouped on a part of chromosome 6 called the major histocompatibility complex, or MHC. These proteins are highly “polymorphic” i.e., they show variation in different individuals. Although many in dividuals may share some identical MHC molecules, a very low number share all the MHC molecules. The consequence of these minor differences is that these proteins are recognized by the transplant recipient’s immune system as being foreign, and so are targe ted for destruction (since the immune system’s job is to eradicate any foreign proteins or cells that invade the body). For successful transplantation these proteins ideally should be matched between donor and recipient. Twins have the highest rate of matc h, followed by siblings. In the general population only 1 in 100,000 individuals is sufficiently “MHC matched” to another person to allow transplantation.X射线结晶学X-ray Crystallography阐述蛋白质、DNA或其它生物分子的原子水平的三维结构的技术。
生物化学与分子生物学名词中英文对照表
zincfinger
锌指
transformation
转化
transfection
转染
transduction
转导
transposition
转座
transposon
转座子
recombination
重组
homologousrecombination
同源重组
clone
克隆
cloning
克隆化
copy
不可逆性抑制
metalactivatedenzyme
金属激活酶
reversibleinhibition
可逆性抑制
coenzyme
辅酶
competitiveinhibition
竞争性抑制
prostheticgroup
辅基
non-competitiveinhibition
非竞争性抑制
essentialgroup
蛋白激酶A
cAMPresponseelement,CRE
cAMP应答元件
proteinkinaseC
蛋白激酶C
calmoduline,CaM
钙调蛋白
tyrosine-proteinkinase,TPK
酪氨酸蛋白激酶
autophosphorylation
自身磷酸化
proteinphosphatase
蛋白磷酸酶
重组修复
reversetranscriptase
逆转录酶
integration
整合
ribozyme
核酶
DNAdependentRNApolymerase
依赖DNA的RNA聚合酶
codingstrand
生物专业英文术语
A band A带A chromosome A染色体[二倍体染色体组中的正常染色体（不同于B染色体）] A site[核糖体]A部位ABA脱落酸abasic site脱碱基位点，无碱基位点abaxial远轴的abequose阿比可糖，beta脱氧岩藻糖aberrant splicing异常剪接aberration象差；畸变；失常abiogenesis自然发生论，无生源论ablastin抑殖素（抑制微生物细胞分裂或生殖的一种抗体）abnormal distrbution非正态分布abnormality异常，失常；畸形，畸变ABO blood group systemABO血型系统aboriginal mouse原生鼠abortin流产素abortion流产，败育abortive egg败育卵abortive infection流产（性）感染abortive transduction流产（性）转导ABP肌动蛋白结合蛋白abrin相思豆毒蛋白abscisic acid脱落酸abscission脱落absolute绝对的absolute configuration绝对构型absolute counting绝对测量absolute deviation绝对偏差absolute error绝对误差absorbance吸收，吸光度absorbed dose吸收剂量absorbent吸收剂absorptiometer吸光计absorptiometry吸光测定法absorption吸收absorption band吸收谱带absorption cell吸收池absorption coefficient吸收系数absorption spectroscopy吸收光谱法absorption spectrum吸收光谱；吸收谱absorptive endocytosis吸收（型）胞吞（作用）absorptive pinocytosis吸收（型）胞饮（作用）absorptivity吸光系数；吸收性abundance丰度abundant丰富的，高丰度的abundant mRNAs高丰度mRNA abzyme抗体酶acaricidin杀螨剂accedent variation偶然变异accelerated flow method加速流动法accepting arm[tRNA的]接纳臂acceptor接纳体，（接）受体acceptor site接纳位点，接受位点acceptor splicing site剪接受体acceptor stem[tRNA的]接纳茎accessible可及的accessible promoter可及启动子accessible surface可及表面accessory零件，附件；辅助的accessory cell佐细胞accessory chromosome副染色体accessory factor辅助因子accessory nucleus副核accessory pigment辅助色素accessory protein辅助蛋白（质）accommodation顺应accumulation积累，累积accuracy准确度acenaphthene二氢苊acene并苯acentric无着丝粒的acentric fragment无着丝粒断片acentric ring无着丝粒环acetal缩醛acetaldehyde乙醛acetalresin缩醛树脂acetamidase乙酰胺酶acetamide乙酰胺acetate乙酸盐acetic acid乙酸，醋酸acetic acid bacteria乙酸菌，醋酸菌acetic anhydride乙酸酐acetification乙酸化作用，醋化作用acetin乙酸甘油酯，三乙酰甘油酯acetoacetic acid乙酰乙酸Acetobacter醋杆菌属acetogen产乙酸菌acetogenic bacteria产乙酸菌acetome body酮体acetomepowder丙酮制粉[在-30度以下加丙酮制成的蛋白质匀浆物] acetomitrile乙腈acetone丙酮acetyl乙酰基acetyl coenzyme A乙酰辅酶Aacetylcholine乙酰胆碱acetylcholine agonist乙酰胆碱拮抗剂acetylcholine receptor乙酰胆碱受体acetylcholinesterase乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylene乙炔acetylene reductiontest乙炔还原试验[检查生物体的固氮能力] acetylglucosaminidase乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶acetyl glutamate synthesize乙酰谷氨酸合成酶acetylsalicylate乙酰水杨酸；乙酰水杨酸盐、酯、根acetylsalicylic acid乙酰水杨酸acetylspiramycin乙酰螺旋霉素Ache乙酰胆碱酯酶choral非手性的acholeplasma无胆甾原体AchR乙酰胆碱受体achromatic消色的；消色差的achromatic color无色achromatic lens消色差透镜achromatin非染色质acid catalysis酸催化acid fibroblast growth factor酸性成纤维细胞生长因子acid fuchsin酸性品红acid glycoprotein酸性糖蛋白acid hydrolyzed casein酸水解酪蛋白acid medium酸性培养基acid mucopolysaccharide酸性粘多糖acid phosphatase酸性磷酸酶acid protease酸性蛋白酶acid solvent酸性溶剂acidic酸性的acidic amino acid酸性氨基酸acidic protein酸性蛋白质[有时特指非组蛋白]acidic transactivator酸性反式激活蛋白acidic transcription activator酸性转录激活蛋白acidification酸化（作用）acidifying酸化（作用）acidolysis酸解acidophilia嗜酸性acidophilic bacteria嗜酸菌acidophilous milk酸奶aclacinomycin阿克拉霉素acoelomata无体腔动物acomitic acid乌头酸aconitase顺乌头酸酶aconitate乌头酸；乌头酸盐、酯、根aconitine乌头碱aconitum alkaloid乌头属生物碱ACP酰基载体蛋白acquired character获得性状acquired immunity获得性免疫acridine吖啶acridine alkaloid吖啶（类）生物碱acridine dye吖啶燃料acridine orange吖啶橙acridine yellow吖啶黄acriflavine吖啶黄素acroblast原顶体acrocentric chromosome近端着丝染色体acrolein丙烯醛acrolein polymer丙烯醛类聚合物acrolein resin丙烯醛树脂acropetal translocation向顶运输acrosin顶体蛋白acrosomal protease顶体蛋白酶acrosomal reaction顶体反应acrosome顶体acrosome reaction顶体反应acrosomic granule原顶体acrosyndesis端部联会acrylamide丙烯酰胺acrylate丙烯酸酯、盐acrylic acid丙烯酸acrylic polymer丙烯酸（酯）类聚合物acrylic resin丙烯酸（酯）类树脂acrylketone丙烯酮acrylonitrile丙烯腈actidione放线（菌）酮[即环己酰亚胺]actin肌动蛋白actin filament肌动蛋白丝actinin辅肌动蛋白[分为alfa、beta两种，beta蛋白即加帽蛋白] actinmicrofilament肌动蛋白微丝actinometer化学光度计actinomorphy辐射对称[用于描述植物的花]actinomycetes放线菌actinomycin D放线菌素Dactinospectacin放线壮观素，壮观霉素，奇霉素action作用action current动作电流action potential动作电位action spectrum动作光谱activated sludge活性污泥activated support活化支持体activating group活化基团activating transcription factor转录激活因子activation激活；活化activation analysis活化分析activation energy活化能activator激活物，激活剂，激活蛋白activator protein激活蛋白active absorption主动吸收active biomass活生物质active carbon活性碳active center活性中心active chromatin活性染色质active dry yeast活性干酵母active dydrogen compounds活性氢化合物active ester of amino acid氨基酸的活化酯active hydrogen活性氢active immunity主动免疫active oxygen活性氧active site活性部位，活性中心active transport主动转运active uptake主动吸收activin活化素[由垂体合成并由睾丸和卵巢分泌的性激素] activity活性，活度，（放射性）活度actomyosin肌动球蛋白actophorin载肌动蛋白[一种肌动蛋白结合蛋白]acute急性的acute infection急性感染acute phase急性期acute phase protein急性期蛋白，急相蛋白acute phasereaction急性期反应，急相反应[炎症反应急性期机体的防御反应] acute phase reactiveprotein急性期反应蛋白，急相反应蛋白acute phase response急性期反应，急相反应acute toxicity急性毒性ACV无环鸟苷acyclic nucleotide无环核苷酸acycloguanosine无环鸟苷，9-（2-羟乙氧甲基）鸟嘌呤acyclovir无环鸟苷acyl酰基acyl carrier protein酰基载体蛋白acyl cation酰（基）正离子acyl chloride酰氯acyl CoA脂酰辅酶Aacyl coenzyem A脂酰辅酶Aacyl fluoride酰氟acyl halide酰卤acylamino acid酰基氨基酸acylase酰基转移酶acylating agent酰化剂acylation酰化acylazide酰叠氮acylbromide酰溴acyloin偶姻acyltransferase酰基转移酶adamantanamine金刚烷胺[曾用作抗病毒剂]adamantane金刚烷adaptability适应性adaptation适应adapter衔接头；衔接子adapter protein衔接蛋白质adaptin衔接蛋白[衔接网格蛋白与其他蛋白的胞质区]adaptive behavior适应性行为adaptive enzyme适应酶adaptive molecule衔接分子adaptive response适应反应[大肠杆菌中的DNA修复系统]adaptor衔接头；衔接子adaxial近轴的addition加成addition compound加成化合物addition haploid附加单倍体addition line附加系additive添加物，添加剂additive effect加性效应additive genetic variance加性遗传方差additiverecombination插入重组，加插重组[因DNA插入而引起的基因重组]addressin地址素[选择蛋白(selectin)的寡糖配体，与淋巴细胞归巢有关] adducin内收蛋白[一种细胞膜骨架蛋白，可与钙调蛋白结合]adduct加合物，加成化合物adduct ion加合离子adenine腺嘌呤adenine arabinoside啊糖腺苷adenine phosphoribosyltransferase腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶adenoma腺瘤adenosine腺嘌呤核苷，腺苷adenosine deaminase腺苷脱氨酶adenosine diphoshate腺苷二磷酸adenosine monophosphate腺苷（一磷）酸adenosine phosphosulfate腺苷酰硫酸adenosine triphosphatase腺苷三磷酸酶adenosine triphosphate腺苷三磷酸adenovirus腺病毒adenylate腺苷酸；腺苷酸盐、酯、根adenylate cyclase腺苷酸环化酶adenylate energy charge腺苷酸能荷adenylate kinase腺苷酸激酶adenylic acid腺苷酸adenylyl cyclase腺苷酸环化酶adenylylation腺苷酰化adherence粘着，粘附，粘连；贴壁adherent cell贴壁细胞；粘着（性）细胞，粘附（性）细胞adherent culture贴壁培养adhering junction粘着连接adhesin粘附素[如见于大肠杆菌]adhesion吸附，结合，粘合；粘着，粘附，粘连adhesion factor粘着因子，粘附因子adhesion molecule粘着分子，粘附分子adhesion plaque粘着斑adhesion protein粘着蛋白，吸附蛋白adhesion receptor粘着受体adhesion zone粘着带[如见于细菌壁膜之间]adhesive粘合剂，胶粘剂adhesive glycoprotein粘着糖蛋白adipic acid己二酸，肥酸adipocyte脂肪细胞adipokinetic hormone脂动激素[见于昆虫]adipose tissue脂肪组织adjust[动]调节，调整；修正adjustable可调的adjustable miropipettor可调微量移液管adjustable spanner活动扳手adjusted retention time调整保留时间adjusted retention volume调整保留体积adjuvant佐剂adjuvant cytokine佐剂细胞因子adjuvant peptide佐剂肽adjuvanticity佐剂（活）性adoptive immunity过继免疫adoptive transfer过继转移ADP ribosylationADP核糖基化ADP ribosylation factorADP核糖基化因子ADP ribosyltransferaseADP核糖基转移酶adrenal cortical hormone肾上腺皮质(激)素adrenaline肾上腺素adrenergic receptor肾上腺素能受体adrenocepter肾上腺素受体adrenocorticotropic hormone促肾上腺皮质(激)素adrenodoxin肾上腺皮质铁氧还蛋白adriamycin阿霉素，亚德里亚霉素adsorbent吸附剂adsorption吸附adsorption catalysis吸附催化adsorption center吸附中心adsorption chromatography吸附层析adsorption film吸附膜adsorption isobar吸附等压线adsorption isotherm吸附等温线adsorption layer吸附层adsorption potential吸附电势adsorption precipitation吸附沉淀adsorption quantity吸附量adult diarrhea rotavirus成人腹泻轮状病毒advanced glycosylation高级糖基化advanced glycosylation end product高级糖基化终产物adventitious不定的，无定形的adverse effect反效果，副作用aecidiospore锈孢子，春孢子aeciospore锈孢子，春孢子aequorin水母蛋白，水母素aeration通气aerator加气仪，加气装置aerial mycelium气生菌丝体aerobe需氧菌[利用分子氧进行呼吸产能并维持正常生长繁殖的细菌] aerobic需氧的aerobic bacteria需氧（细）菌aerobic cultivation需氧培养aerobic glycolysis有氧酵解aerobic metabolism有氧代谢aerobic respiration需氧呼吸aerobic waste treatment需氧废物处理aerobiosis需氧生活aerogel气凝胶aerogen产气菌aerolysin气单胞菌溶素Aeromonas气单胞菌属aerosol气溶胶aerosol gene delivery气溶胶基因送递aerospray ionization气喷射离子化作用aerotaxis趋氧性[（细胞）随环境中氧浓度梯度进行定向运动] aerotolerant bacteria耐氧菌[不受氧毒害的厌氧菌] aerotropism向氧性aesculin七叶苷，七叶灵aetiology病原学afferent nerve传入神经affinity亲和，亲和性affinity adsorbent亲和吸附剂affinity chromatography亲和层析affinitycoelectrophoresis亲和共电泳[用于研究DNA结合蛋白] affinity column亲和柱affinity coupling亲和偶联affinity electronmicroscopy亲和电镜（术）[用亲和配体包被铜网]affinity extraction亲和提取，亲和萃取affinity filtration亲和过滤affinity labeling亲和标记affinity ligand亲和配体affinity maturation亲和力成熟[见于体液免疫系统的发育] affinity partitioning亲和分配affinity precipitation亲和沉淀affinity purification亲和纯化（法）affinity tag（附加）亲和标记物aflatoxin黄曲酶毒素agar琼脂agar diffusion test琼脂扩散试验agar gel琼脂胶agar plate琼脂平板agarslant琼脂斜面[固化时斜放的，装有固体培养基的一种试管培养基；也指斜面培养基上生长出的菌苔]agarase琼脂糖酶agarfitine伞菌氨酸agaricin蘑菇素agaricinic acid蘑菇酸agaropectin琼脂胶agarose琼脂糖agarose gel琼脂糖凝胶agarose gel electrophoresis琼脂糖凝胶电泳agarose plate琼脂糖平板age pigment老年色素agent剂；介质agglutination凝集（作用）agglutinin凝集素agglutinogen凝集原aggrecan聚集蛋白聚糖[来自软骨]aggregate聚集体；凝聚体aggregation聚集（作用）aggressin攻击素[细菌分泌的一种有助于侵染宿主细胞的化学物质]aggressivity攻击力aging衰老，老化，陈化agitation振荡，振摇，搅拌agitator振荡器，搅拌器aglycone苷元，糖苷配基agonist兴奋剂，激动剂，刺激物；竞争剂；拮抗剂agranulocyte无粒细胞agravitropism无向重力性agretope[抗原]限制位[抗原上识别并结合二类主要组织相容性复合体的部位]agricultural alcohol农产品（制）酒精agricultural waste农业废物，农业垃圾agrin集聚蛋白，集聚素[由运动神经分泌并可诱导肌纤维的乙酰胆碱酯酶和乙酰胆碱受体发生聚集]agrobacteriocin农杆菌素，土壤杆菌素Agrobacterium农杆菌属，土壤杆菌属Agrobacterium rhizogenes毛根农杆菌，毛根土壤杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciems根癌农杆菌，根瘤土壤杆菌agrochemical农用化学品[如除草剂，杀虫剂等]agrocin农杆素[由某些农杆菌所产生并作用于另一些农杆菌的抗生素（不是蛋白质）] agrocinopine农杆糖酯[一种糖磷酸二酯]agroinfection农杆菌感染（法）agropine农杆氨酸，农杆碱[见于毛根]agropinic acid农杆鸟氨酸，鸟氨农杆碱[见于毛根]air bubble气泡air drying风干air filter空气滤器air monitering空气监测air peak空气峰，气泡峰air sterilization空气除菌airflow气流airflow meter气流计airflow moniter气流显示器，气流监控仪airlift bioreactor气升式生物反应器airlift fermentation气升式发酵airlift fermentor气升式发酵罐airlock气锁akaryote无核细胞akinetic chromosome无着丝粒染色体akinetic fragment无着丝粒断片akinetic inversion无着丝粒倒位alamethicin丙甲甘肽[来自绿色木酶的一种小肽，富含beta氨基异丁酸] alanine丙氨酸alanine aminotransferase丙氨酸转氨酶alarm警报器，定时钟albinism白化病albizziin合欢氨酸，脲基丙氨酸albumin白蛋白，清蛋白alcohol醇；乙醇alcohol dehydrogenase醇脱氢酶；乙醇脱氢酶alcoholic fermentation生醇发酵aldehyde醛；乙醛aldehyde dehydrogenase醛脱氢酶aldehyde oxidase醛氧化酶aldimine醛亚胺alditol糖醛aldol羟醛aldol condensation羟醛缩合aldolase醛缩酶aldonic acid醛糖酸aldose醛糖aldosterome醛固醇alduronic acid糖醛酸aleurome糊粉aleurome grain糊粉粒aleurome layer糊粉层alfalfa mosaic virus苜蓿花叶病毒alga藻类（单）algae藻类algicide杀藻剂algin藻胶alginate藻酸盐alginic acid藻酸algocyan藻蓝素algorithm算法，公式alicyclic amine脂肪胺alicyclic compound脂环化合物alicyclic hydrocarbon脂环烃alignment顺序；排列；[序列]对比alimentary canal消化管aliphatic脂肪族的aliphatic amine alkaloid脂（肪）族胺（类）生物碱aliphatic compound脂肪族化合物aliquot小份，等份，等分部分alizarin茜素alkali碱，强碱alkali metal碱金属alkaline碱的，强碱的alkaline amino acid碱性氨基酸alkaline denaturation碱变性法alkaline earth metal碱土金属alkaline gel electrophoresis碱性凝胶电泳alkaline hydrolysis碱水解（作用）alkaline lysis碱裂解（法）alkaline phosphatase碱性磷酸酶alkaline protein碱性蛋白质alkaline reserve碱储备[如血液中的碳酸氢钠] alkalization碱化alkaloid生物碱alkane烷alkene烯alkyl烷基alkylating agent烷化剂alkylation烷（基）化alkyne炔all or none全或无all or nothing全或无all transconfiguration全反构型allantoic acid尿囊酸allantoin尿囊素allatostatin咽侧体抑制素[抑制保幼激素的分泌] allatotropin促咽侧体素[促进保幼激素的分泌] allele等位基因allele linkage analysis等位基因连锁反应allelic complement等位（基因）互补allelic diversity等位（基因）多样化allelicexclusion等位（基因）排斥[一个杂合子表现其任一异型性状的现象，有时特指成熟的B细胞只产生一种抗体而其等位结构不表达]allelic inactivation等位（基因）失活allelic inclusion等位（基因）相容allelic replacement等位（基因）置换allelic variation等位（基因）变异allelism等位性allelomorph等位基因allelomorphism等位性allelopathic substance异柱克生物质，异种克生物质allelopathy异柱克生（现象），异种克生（现象）allergen变应原allergic变应性的allergic disease变应性疾病allergy变态反应alloantibody同种抗体alloantigen同种抗原allodiploid异源二倍体allodiploidy异源二倍性allodiplomonosome异源二倍单体allogenic antigen同种异型抗原，同种异体抗原allograft同种异体移植allograft rejection同种异体移植排斥allogroup同种异型组allohaploid异源单倍体alloheteroploid异源异倍体allophycocyanin别藻蓝蛋白，别藻蓝素alloploid异源倍体alloploidy异源倍性allopolyhaploid异源多倍单倍体allopolyploid异源多倍体allopurinol别嘌呤醇allopurinol nucleotide别嘌呤醇核苷酸alloreactivity同种异体反应性allorecognition同种（异体）识别allose阿洛糖allosome异染色体allosteric activation别构激活，别构活化allosteric activator别构激活剂，别构活化剂allosteric control别构调节allosteric effect别构效应allosteric effector别构剂allosteric enzyme别构酶allosteric inbibition别构抑制allosteric inbibitor别构抑制剂allosteric interaction别构作用allosteric ligand别构配体allosteric protein别构蛋白allosteric regulation别构调节allosteric site别构部位allosterictransition别构转换[由别构剂所引起的蛋白质构象变化] allosterism别构，变构allostery别构性allosynapsis异源联会allotope同种异型位allotrope同素异形体allotrtraploid异源四倍体allotype同种异型allotypic antigen同种异型抗原allotypic determinant同种异型决定簇allotypic marker同种异型标记allotypy同种异型性alloxan四氧嘧啶allozyme同种异型酶allyl烯丙基allyl resin烯丙基树脂allysine醛（基）赖氨酸alphavirus甲病毒属[属于披膜病毒科]alternate segregation相间分离alternating copolymer交替共聚物alternating copolymerization交替共聚合alternation of generations世代交替alternative另一种的，交替的，备择的alternative complement pathway补体旁路alternative pathway of complement补体旁路（途径）alternative polyadenylation可变聚腺苷酸化alternative RNA processing可变RNA加工alternative RNA splicing可变RNA剪接，旁路RNA剪接alternative splicing可变剪接，旁路剪接alternative splicing factor可变剪接因子alternative transcription可变转录alternative transcription initiation可变转录起始alternatively spliced mRNA可变剪接的mRNAaltrose阿卓糖Alu familyAlu家族alum矾，明矾aluminia氧化铝，矾土alveolar gas exchange肺泡气体交换alveolar surfactant肺泡表面活性物质alytensin产婆蟾（紧张）肽Alzheimer disease阿尔茨海默病，老年性痴呆amaerobic厌氧的amalgam汞齐amalgam electrode汞齐电极amanin鹅膏素amanitine鹅膏毒环肽amantadine金刚胺amanullin鹅膏无毒环肽amaryllidaceae alkaloid石蒜科生物碱amastatin氨肽酶抑制剂，抑氨肽酶肽amatoxin鹅膏毒素amber codon琥珀密码子[即UAA终止密码子]amber mutant琥珀突变体，琥珀突变型amber mutation琥珀突变amber suppression琥珀抑制ambersuppressor琥珀（突变）抑制基因，琥珀（突变）抑制因子Amberliteresin[商]Amberlite树脂，琥石树脂[Rohm&Haas公司离子交换树脂的商品名] ambident两可的ambident ion两可离子ambient周围的ambient temperature环境温度，室温ambiguous codon多义密码子ambisense双义ambisense genome双义基因组ambisenseRNA双义RNA[同时编码蛋白质的病毒正链与负链RNA]amboceper双纳体[既有绵羊红细胞结合位点又有补体结合位点的抗体] ambutyrosin氨丁苷菌素amensalism偏害共栖American Type Culture Collection美国模式培养物保藏所amerol杀草强，氨基三唑Ames test埃姆斯试验amethopterin氨甲蝶呤amicetin友菌素amicillin resistance氨苄青霉素抗性amidase酰胺酶amidated peptide酰胺（化）肽amide酰胺amidine脒amidoblack酰胺黑[可用于蛋白质SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的染色]amido bond酰胺键amido link酰胺键amido linkage酰胺键amidomycin胺霉素amidotrizoate3,5-双乙酰氨基-2,4,6-三碘苯甲酸盐amiloride氨氯吡嗪脒[利尿药]amination氨基化amine胺amine bormones胺类激素amine precursor uptake and decarboxylationsystem胺前体摄取（和）脱羧系统，APUD系统[可提取胺前体并进行脱羧而产生肽类或活性胺的细胞系统]amine transporter胺转运蛋白Aminexresin[商]Aminex树脂[Bio-Rad公司离子交换树脂的商品名，一类HPLC级球形介质，是带功能基的苯乙烯—二乙烯苯共聚物]amino氨基amino acid arm氨基酸臂[位于tRNA上]amino acid frequency氨基酸（使用）频率amino acid preference氨基酸偏爱性amino acid residue氨基酸残基amino acid residue contact氨基酸残基接触（面）amino acid transport氨基酸转运amino acid transporter氨基酸转运蛋白amino acid usage氨基酸使用amino alkyl indole氨烷基吲哚amino alkyl phosphoramidite氨烷基亚磷酰胺amino nigrogen氨基氮aminoacyl氨酰基aminoacyl esterase氨酰酯酶aminoacyl phosphatidylglycerol氨酰磷脂酰甘油aminoacyl site氨酰基位aminoacyl tRNA氨酰tRNAaminoacylation氨酰化aminobenzoic acid氨基苯甲酸aminocephalosporinic acid氨基头孢菌酸aminoethyl氨乙基aminoethyl mercaptan氨乙基硫醇，巯基乙胺aminoglucose氨基葡糖aminoglycoside antibiotics氨基糖苷（类）抗生素aminoglycoside phosphotransferase氨基糖苷磷酸转移酶aminoguanidine氨基胍aminolink氨基连接臂[例如附于合成寡核苷酸的5'端，便于与其他配体偶联] aminolysis氨解aminomycin氨基霉素，缬氨霉素aminooimidazole氨基咪唑aminopenicillanic acid氨基青酶烷酸aminopeptidase氨肽酶aminophylline氨茶碱aminopterin氨基蝶呤aminopurine氨基嘌呤aminotransferase氨基转移酶，转氨酶aminotriazole氨基三唑，杀草强amiodarone乙胺碘呋酮amitosis无丝分裂amixis无融合ammonia氨ammonification氨化（作用）ammonio铵基ammonium铵ammonium acetate乙酸铵ammonium hydroxide氢氧化铵，氨水ammonium persulfate过硫酸氨ammonium sulfate硫酸铵ammonium sulfate fractionation硫酸铵分级分离ammonium sulfate precipitation硫酸铵沉淀ammonotelism排氨型代谢amniocentesis羊膜穿刺（术）amnion羊膜amniota羊膜动物amoeba变形虫，阿米巴amoeboid movement变形运动amorphous material无定形物，非晶态amphi position远位amphiastral mitosis双星有丝分裂amphibia两栖纲amphibivalent双二价体amphibolicpathway两用代谢途径[即可用于代谢物分解又可用于合成]amphidiploid双二倍体amphidiploidy双二倍性amphigenesis两性生殖amphiglycan双栖蛋白聚糖[同时见于上皮及成纤维细胞]amphihaploidy双倍体amphimixix两性融合amphion两性离子amphipathic两亲的amphipathicity两亲性amphipathy两亲性amphiphilic两亲的amphiphilicity两亲性[一个分子中一部分亲水，另一部分疏水]amphipolyploid双多倍体amphipolyploidy双多倍性amphiprotic两性的amphiregulin双调蛋白[与EGF家族同源的一种双功能生长调节蛋白]amphitrophy兼性营养amphivalency异配现象[用于配位化学]ampholine[商]两性电解质Ampholine[Pharmacia公司商品，可用于等电聚焦]ampholyte两性物，两性电解质ampholytoid两性胶体amphoteric character兼性性质amphotericcharacteristics兼性性质[兼有酸碱性或正负电贺]amphoteric colloid兼性胶体amphoteric emulsifier兼性乳化剂，两性乳化剂amphoteric ion兼性离子amphotericin两性霉素amphoterics兼性表面活性剂amphotropicretrovirus兼嗜性逆转录病毒，双嗜性逆转录病毒[既能在宿主细胞又能在异种细胞上引起产毒性感染]ampicillin氨苄青霉素amplicon扩增子amplification扩增amplimer扩增引物ampoule安瓿瓶amycin阿霉素amygdalin扁桃苷，苦杏仁苷amylase淀粉酶[包括糖化酶和麦芽糖化酶]amylin糊精amyloprocess阿明露法，淀粉发酵法，霉菌糖化法[由根酶及酵母菌同时生长糖化，发酵生产酒精] amylodextrin极限糊精amyloglucosidase淀粉葡糖苷酶amyloid protein precursor淀粉样蛋白前体amyloid ring淀粉质环amylolytic activity淀粉分解活性amylopectin支链淀粉amyloplast造粉（质）体amyloplastid造粉粒amylose直链淀粉anabolism合成代谢anaerobe厌氧菌[缺乏超氧化物岐化酶，须在无氧或低氧化还原电势的条件下才能正常生长繁殖的微生物]anaerobic bacteria厌氧细菌anaerobic chamber厌氧培养室anaerobic contact digestor厌氧接触（型）消化器anaerobic cultivation厌氧培养anaerobic digestion厌氧消化anaerobic fermentation厌氧发酵anaerobic filter system厌氧过滤系统anaerobic membrane bioreactor厌氧膜生物反应器anaerobiosis厌氧生活，无氧生活anaerogen不产气菌anaeroic digestor厌氧消化器analgesic止痛药analgesis镇痛analog类似物analogous类似的，模拟的analogous organ同功器官analogousprotein类似蛋白质[有时特指由趋同进化而产生的相似蛋白]analogue类似物analogy模拟，类似analogy model模拟模型analyte分析物analytical分析的analytical chromatography分析型层析analytical column分析柱analytical reagent分析纯试剂anaphase[细胞分裂]后期anaphylactic过敏性的anaphylactic reaction过敏反应anaphylatoxin过敏毒素anaphylaxis过敏性，过敏（反应）anaplerotic reaction添补反应anastral mitosis无星有丝分裂ancestor祖先，始祖ancestry祖先，始祖anchimeric assistance邻助作用anchor锚anchor catalyst锚定催化剂anchor primer锚定引物anchorage固着，锚定anchored PCR锚式聚合酶链（式）反应，锚式PCR anchorin锚定蛋白anchoring锚着，锚定ancovenin血管紧张肽转化酶抑制肽androcyte雄（母）细胞androecium雄蕊群androgamete雄配子androgen雄激素androgen binding protein雄激素结合蛋白androgenesis孤雄发育，单雄生殖，雄核发育androgenetic parthenogenesis产雄孤雌生殖androgonium雄原细胞androgynism雌雄同柱，雌雄同体andromedotoxin梫木毒素andrometoxin雄核卵块发育androplasm雄质androsome限雄染色体androspore产雄孢子；小孢子androsterone雄酮anemia贫血anemoentomophily风虫媒anemophilous flower风媒花anemophilous plant风媒植物anemophilous pollination风媒传粉anemophily风媒anergy无反应性[用于细胞免疫学]anesthesia麻醉aneucentric chromosome非单着丝粒染色体aneuhaploid非整倍单倍体aneuhaploidy非整倍单倍性aneuploid非整倍性aneuploid cell line非整倍体细胞系aneuploidy非整倍性angiogenesis factor血管生成因子angiogenin血管生成素angioplasty血管成形术[可用于基因转移] angiosperm被子植物angiotensin血管紧张肽angiotensinase血管紧张肽酶angiotensinogen血管紧张肽原angle rotor角转头angstrom埃anguidin蛇形毒素angular methyl角甲基anhydrase脱水酶anhydride酸酐anhydrous无水的anhydrous acetonitrile无水乙腈aniline苯胺aniline blue苯胺蓝animal cell line动物细胞系anion阴离子anion base阴离子碱anion channel阴离子通道anion respiration阴离子呼吸anionic acid阴离子酸anionic detergent阴离子（型）去污剂anisodamine山莨菪anisodine樟柳碱anisogamete异型配子anisogamy异配生殖anisol苯甲醚anisomorphic DNA异形DNAanisomycin茴香霉素anisopolyploid奇（数）多倍体anisospore异形孢子anisotropic各向异性的anisotropic membrane各向异性膜anisotropy各向异性[物理参数随方向的变化而变化]anitbacterial immunization抗（细）菌免疫ankyrin锚蛋白ankyrin repeat锚蛋白重复序列anlage原基annealing退火Annelita环节动物门annexin膜联蛋白[一类被钙离子活化后可与膜磷脂结合的蛋白，参与膜转运及膜表面其他一系列依赖于钙调蛋白的活动，分为IIIIII等多种。
常用生物学专业英语词汇同名
常用生物学专业英语词汇(同名19427)1.Biology - 生物学2.Cell - 细胞3.DNA - 脱氧核糖核酸4.RNA - 核糖核酸5.Gene - 基因6.Chromosome - 染色体7.Protein - 蛋白质8.Enzyme - 酶9.Mitosis - 有丝分裂10.Meiosis - 减数分裂11.Photosynthesis - 光合作用12.Respiration - 呼吸作用13.Evolution - 进化14.Adaptation - 适应15.Mutation - 突变16.Genetics - 遗传学17.Genotype - 基因型18.Phenotype - 表型19.Natural selection - 自然选择20.Ecology - 生态学21.Ecosystem - 生态系统22.Biodiversity - 生物多样性23.Conservation - 保护24.Endangered species - 濒危物种25.Extinction - 灭绝26.Classification - 分类27.Taxonomy - 分类学28.Kingdom - 界29.Phylum - 门30.Class - 纲31.Order - 目32.Family - 科33.Genus - 属34.Species - 种35.Anatomy - 解剖学36.Physiology - 生理学37.Microbiology - 微生物学38.Virology - 病毒学39.Immunology - 免疫学40.Biotechnology - 生物技术41.Genetic engineering - 基因工程42.Cloning - 克隆43.Stem cells - 干细胞44.Embryology - 胚胎学45.Developmental biology - 发育生物学46.Neurobiology - 神经生物学47.Botany - 植物学48.Zoology - 动物学49.Entomology - 昆虫学50.Marine biology - 海洋生物学51.Ornithology - 鸟类学52.Herpetology - 爬行动物学53.Mammalogy - 哺乳动物学54.Ecology - 生态学55.Population - 种群munity - 群落57.Ecosystem - 生态系统58.Habitat - 栖息地59.Food chain - 食物链60.Food web - 食物网61.Trophic level - 营养级62.Producer - 生产者63.Consumer - 消费者64.Decomposer - 分解者65.Mutualism - 互利共生66.Parasitism - 寄生mensalism - 共生68.Biome - 生物群落69.Tundra - 苔原70.Desert - 沙漠71.Grassland - 草原72.Forest - 森林73.Rainforest - 热带雨林74.Freshwater - 淡水75.Marine - 海洋76.Estuary - 河口77.Wetland - 湿地78.Adaptation - 适应79.Migration - 迁徙80.Hibernation - 冬眠81.Camouflage - 伪装82.Mimicry - 拟态83.Symbiosis - 共生84.Reproduction - 繁殖85.Asexual reproduction - 无性繁殖86.Sexual reproduction - 有性繁殖87.Fertilization - 受精88.Gamete - 配子89.Ovum - 卵子90.Sperm - 精子91.Pollination - 授粉92.Seed dispersal - 种子传播93.Germination - 发芽94.Growth - 生长95.Development - 发育96.Metabolism - 新陈代谢97.Homeostasis - 动态平衡98.Nervous system - 神经系统99.Digestive system - 消化系统100.Respiratory system - 呼吸系统。
生物化学英文专业词汇
生物化学词汇A band A带A chromosome A染色体[二倍体染色体组中的正常染色体（不同于B染色体）]A site [核糖体]A部位ABA 脱落酸abasic site 脱碱基位点，无碱基位点abaxial 远轴的abequose 阿比可糖，beta脱氧岩藻糖aberrant splicing 异常剪接aberration 象差；畸变；失常abiogenesis 自然发生论，无生源论ablastin 抑殖素（抑制微生物细胞分裂或生殖的一种抗体）abnormal distrbution 非正态分布abnormality 异常，失常；畸形，畸变ABO blood group system ABO血型系统aboriginal mouse 原生鼠abortin 流产素abortion 流产，败育abortive egg 败育卵abortive infection 流产（性）感染abortive transduction 流产（性）转导ABP 肌动蛋白结合蛋白abrin 相思豆毒蛋白abscisic acid 脱落酸abscission 脱落absolute 绝对的absolute configuration 绝对构型absolute counting 绝对测量absolute deviation 绝对偏差absolute error 绝对误差absorbance 吸收，吸光度absorbed dose 吸收剂量absorbent 吸收剂absorptiometer 吸光计absorptiometry 吸光测定法absorption 吸收absorption band 吸收谱带absorption cell 吸收池absorption coefficient 吸收系数absorption spectroscopy 吸收光谱法absorption spectrum 吸收光谱；吸收谱absorptive endocytosis 吸收（型）胞吞（作用）absorptive pinocytosis 吸收（型）胞饮（作用）absorptivity 吸光系数；吸收性abundance 丰度abundant 丰富的，高丰度的abundant mRNAs 高丰度mRNA abzyme 抗体酶acaricidin 杀螨剂accedent variation 偶然变异accelerated flow method 加速流动法accepting arm [tRNA的]接纳臂acceptor 接纳体，（接）受体acceptor site 接纳位点，接受位点acceptor splicing site 剪接受体acceptor stem [tRNA的]接纳茎accessible 可及的accessible promoter 可及启动子accessible surface 可及表面accessory 零件，附件；辅助的accessory cell 佐细胞accessory chromosome 副染色体accessory factor 辅助因子accessory nucleus 副核accessory pigment 辅助色素accessory protein 辅助蛋白（质）accommodation 顺应accumulation 积累，累积accuracy 准确度acenaphthene 二氢苊acene 并苯acentric 无着丝粒的acentric fragment 无着丝粒断片acentric ring 无着丝粒环acetal 缩醛acetaldehyde 乙醛acetalresin 缩醛树脂acetamidase 乙酰胺酶acetamide 乙酰胺acetate 乙酸盐acetic acid 乙酸，醋酸acetic acid bacteria 乙酸菌，醋酸菌acetic anhydride 乙酸酐acetification 乙酸化作用，醋化作用acetin 乙酸甘油酯，三乙酰甘油酯acetoacetic acid 乙酰乙酸Acetobacter 醋杆菌属acetogen 产乙酸菌acetogenic bacteria 产乙酸菌acetome body 酮体acetome powder 丙酮制粉[在-30度以下加丙酮制成的蛋白质匀浆物] acetomitrile 乙腈acetone 丙酮acetyl 乙酰基acetyl coenzyme A 乙酰辅酶Aacetylcholine 乙酰胆碱acetylcholine agonist 乙酰胆碱拮抗剂acetylcholine receptor 乙酰胆碱受体acetylcholinesterase 乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylene 乙炔acetylene reduction test 乙炔还原试验[检查生物体的固氮能力] acetylglucosaminidase 乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶acetylglutamate synthetase 乙酰谷氨酸合成酶acetylsalicylate 乙酰水杨酸；乙酰水杨酸盐、酯、根acetylsalicylic acid 乙酰水杨酸acetylspiramycin 乙酰螺旋霉素AchE 乙酰胆碱酯酶achiral 非手性的acholeplasma 无胆甾原体AchR 乙酰胆碱受体achromatic 消色的；消色差的achromatic color 无色achromatic lens 消色差透镜achromatin 非染色质acid catalysis 酸催化acid fibroblast growth factor 酸性成纤维细胞生长因子acid fuchsin 酸性品红acid glycoprotein 酸性糖蛋白acid hydrolyzed casein 酸水解酪蛋白acid medium 酸性培养基acid mucopolysaccharide 酸性粘多糖acid phosphatase 酸性磷酸酶acid protease 酸性蛋白酶acid solvent 酸性溶剂acidic 酸性的acidic amino acid 酸性氨基酸acidic protein 酸性蛋白质[有时特指非组蛋白]acidic transactivator 酸性反式激活蛋白acidic transcription activator 酸性转录激活蛋白acidification 酸化（作用）acidifying 酸化（作用）acidolysis 酸解acidophilia 嗜酸性acidophilic bacteria 嗜酸菌acidophilous milk 酸奶aclacinomycin 阿克拉霉素acoelomata 无体腔动物acomitic acid 乌头酸aconitase 顺乌头酸酶aconitate 乌头酸；乌头酸盐、酯、根aconitine 乌头碱aconitum alkaloid 乌头属生物碱ACP 酰基载体蛋白acquired character 获得性状acquired immunity 获得性免疫acridine 吖啶acridine alkaloid 吖啶（类）生物碱acridine dye 吖啶燃料acridine orange 吖啶橙acridine yellow 吖啶黄acriflavine 吖啶黄素acroblast 原顶体acrocentric chromosome 近端着丝染色体acrolein 丙烯醛acrolein polymer 丙烯醛类聚合物acrolein resin 丙烯醛树脂acropetal translocation 向顶运输acrosin 顶体蛋白acrosomal protease 顶体蛋白酶acrosomal reaction 顶体反应acrosome 顶体acrosome reaction 顶体反应acrosomic granule 原顶体acrosyndesis 端部联会acrylamide 丙烯酰胺acrylate 丙烯酸酯、盐acrylic acid 丙烯酸acrylic polymer 丙烯酸（酯）类聚合物acrylic resin 丙烯酸（酯）类树脂acrylketone 丙烯酮acrylonitrile 丙烯腈actidione 放线（菌）酮[即环己酰亚胺]actin 肌动蛋白actin filament 肌动蛋白丝actinin 辅肌动蛋白[分为alfa、beta两种，beta蛋白即加帽蛋白]actinmicrofilament 肌动蛋白微丝actinometer 化学光度计actinomorphy 辐射对称[用于描述植物的花]actinomycetes 放线菌actinomycin D 放线菌素Dactinospectacin 放线壮观素，壮观霉素，奇霉素action 作用action current 动作电流action potential 动作电位action spectrum 动作光谱activated sludge 活性污泥activated support 活化支持体activating group 活化基团activating transcription factor 转录激活因子activation 激活；活化activation analysis 活化分析activation energy 活化能activator 激活物，激活剂，激活蛋白activator protein 激活蛋白active absorption 主动吸收active biomass 活生物质active carbon 活性碳active center 活性中心active chromatin 活性染色质active dry yeast 活性干酵母active dydrogen compounds 活性氢化合物active ester of amino acid 氨基酸的活化酯active hydrogen 活性氢active immunity 主动免疫active oxygen 活性氧active site 活性部位，活性中心active transport 主动转运active uptake 主动吸收activin 活化素[由垂体合成并由睾丸和卵巢分泌的性激素]activity 活性，活度，（放射性）活度actomyosin 肌动球蛋白actophorin 载肌动蛋白[一种肌动蛋白结合蛋白]acute 急性的acute infection 急性感染acute phase 急性期acute phase protein 急性期蛋白，急相蛋白acute phase reaction 急性期反应，急相反应[炎症反应急性期机体的防御反应] acute phase reactive protein 急性期反应蛋白，急相反应蛋白acute phase response 急性期反应，急相反应acute toxicity 急性毒性ACV 无环鸟苷acyclic nucleotide 无环核苷酸acycloguanosine 无环鸟苷，9-（2-羟乙氧甲基）鸟嘌呤acyclovir 无环鸟苷acyl 酰基acyl carrier protein 酰基载体蛋白acyl cation 酰（基）正离子acyl chloride 酰氯acyl CoA 脂酰辅酶Aacyl coenzyem A 脂酰辅酶Aacyl fluoride 酰氟acyl halide 酰卤acylamino acid 酰基氨基酸acylase 酰基转移酶acylating agent 酰化剂acylation 酰化acylazide 酰叠氮acylbromide 酰溴acyloin 偶姻acyltransferase 酰基转移酶adamantanamine 金刚烷胺[曾用作抗病毒剂]adamantane 金刚烷adaptability 适应性adaptation 适应adapter 衔接头；衔接子adapter protein 衔接蛋白质adaptin 衔接蛋白[衔接网格蛋白与其他蛋白的胞质区]adaptive behavior 适应性行为adaptive enzyme 适应酶adaptive molecule 衔接分子adaptive response 适应反应[大肠杆菌中的DNA修复系统]adaptor 衔接头；衔接子adaxial 近轴的addition 加成addition compound 加成化合物addition haploid 附加单倍体addition line 附加系additive 添加物，添加剂additive effect 加性效应additive genetic variance 加性遗传方差additive recombination 插入重组，加插重组[因DNA插入而引起的基因重组] addressin 地址素[选择蛋白(selectin)的寡糖配体，与淋巴细胞归巢有关] adducin 内收蛋白[一种细胞膜骨架蛋白，可与钙调蛋白结合]adduct 加合物，加成化合物adduct ion 加合离子adenine 腺嘌呤adenine arabinoside 啊糖腺苷adenine phosphoribosyltransferase 腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶adenoma 腺瘤adenosine 腺嘌呤核苷，腺苷adenosine deaminase 腺苷脱氨酶adenosine diphoshate 腺苷二磷酸adenosine monophosphate 腺苷（一磷）酸adenosine phosphosulfate 腺苷酰硫酸adenosine triphosphatase 腺苷三磷酸酶adenosine triphosphate 腺苷三磷酸adenovirus 腺病毒adenylate 腺苷酸；腺苷酸盐、酯、根adenylate cyclase 腺苷酸环化酶adenylate energy charge 腺苷酸能荷adenylate kinase 腺苷酸激酶adenylic acid 腺苷酸adenylyl cyclase 腺苷酸环化酶adenylylation 腺苷酰化adherence 粘着，粘附，粘连；贴壁adherent cell 贴壁细胞；粘着（性）细胞，粘附（性）细胞adherent culture 贴壁培养adhering junction 粘着连接adhesin 粘附素[如见于大肠杆菌]adhesion 吸附，结合，粘合；粘着，粘附，粘连adhesion factor 粘着因子，粘附因子adhesion molecule 粘着分子，粘附分子adhesion plaque 粘着斑adhesion protein 粘着蛋白，吸附蛋白adhesion receptor 粘着受体adhesion zone 粘着带[如见于细菌壁膜之间]adhesive 粘合剂，胶粘剂adhesive glycoprotein 粘着糖蛋白adipic acid 己二酸，肥酸adipocyte 脂肪细胞adipokinetic hormone 脂动激素[见于昆虫]adipose tissue 脂肪组织adjust [动]调节，调整；修正adjustable 可调的adjustable miropipettor 可调微量移液管adjustable spanner 活动扳手adjusted retention time 调整保留时间adjusted retention volume 调整保留体积adjuvant 佐剂adjuvant cytokine 佐剂细胞因子adjuvant peptide 佐剂肽adjuvanticity 佐剂（活）性adoptive immunity 过继免疫adoptive transfer 过继转移ADP ribosylation ADP核糖基化ADP ribosylation factor ADP核糖基化因子ADP ribosyltransferase ADP核糖基转移酶adrenal cortical hormone 肾上腺皮质(激)素adrenaline 肾上腺素adrenergic receptor 肾上腺素能受体adrenocepter 肾上腺素受体adrenocorticotropic hormone 促肾上腺皮质(激)素adrenodoxin 肾上腺皮质铁氧还蛋白adriamycin 阿霉素，亚德里亚霉素adsorbent 吸附剂adsorption 吸附adsorption catalysis 吸附催化adsorption center 吸附中心adsorption chromatography 吸附层析adsorption film 吸附膜adsorption isobar 吸附等压线adsorption isotherm 吸附等温线adsorption layer 吸附层adsorption potential 吸附电势adsorption precipitation 吸附沉淀adsorption quantity 吸附量adult diarrhea rotavirus 成人腹泻轮状病毒advanced glycosylation 高级糖基化advanced glycosylation end product 高级糖基化终产物adventitious 不定的，无定形的adverse effect 反效果，副作用aecidiospore 锈孢子，春孢子aeciospore 锈孢子，春孢子aequorin 水母蛋白，水母素aeration 通气aerator 加气仪，加气装置aerial mycelium 气生菌丝体aerobe 需氧菌[利用分子氧进行呼吸产能并维持正常生长繁殖的细菌] aerobic 需氧的aerobic bacteria 需氧（细）菌aerobic cultivation 需氧培养aerobic glycolysis 有氧酵解aerobic metabolism 有氧代谢aerobic respiration 需氧呼吸aerobic waste treatment 需氧废物处理aerobiosis 需氧生活aerogel 气凝胶aerogen 产气菌aerolysin 气单胞菌溶素Aeromonas 气单胞菌属aerosol 气溶胶aerosol gene delivery 气溶胶基因送递aerospray ionization 气喷射离子化作用aerotaxis 趋氧性[（细胞）随环境中氧浓度梯度进行定向运动]aerotolerant bacteria 耐氧菌[不受氧毒害的厌氧菌]aerotropism 向氧性aesculin 七叶苷，七叶灵aetiology 病原学afferent nerve 传入神经affinity 亲和，亲和性affinity adsorbent 亲和吸附剂affinity chromatography 亲和层析affinity coelectrophoresis 亲和共电泳[用于研究DNA结合蛋白]affinity column 亲和柱affinity coupling 亲和偶联affinity electron microscopy 亲和电镜（术）[用亲和配体包被铜网]affinity extraction 亲和提取，亲和萃取affinity filtration 亲和过滤affinity labeling 亲和标记affinity ligand 亲和配体affinity maturation 亲和力成熟[见于体液免疫系统的发育]affinity partitioning 亲和分配affinity precipitation 亲和沉淀affinity purification 亲和纯化（法）affinity tag （附加）亲和标记物aflatoxin 黄曲酶毒素agar 琼脂agar diffusion test 琼脂扩散试验agar gel 琼脂胶agar plate 琼脂平板agar slant 琼脂斜面[固化时斜放的，装有固体培养基的一种试管培养基；也指斜面培养基上生长出的菌苔]agarase 琼脂糖酶agarfitine 伞菌氨酸agaricin 蘑菇素agaricinic acid 蘑菇酸agaropectin 琼脂胶agarose 琼脂糖agarose gel 琼脂糖凝胶agarose gel electrophoresis 琼脂糖凝胶电泳agarose plate 琼脂糖平板age pigment 老年色素agent 剂；介质agglutination 凝集（作用）agglutinin 凝集素agglutinogen 凝集原aggrecan 聚集蛋白聚糖[来自软骨]aggregate 聚集体；凝聚体aggregation 聚集（作用）aggressin 攻击素[细菌分泌的一种有助于侵染宿主细胞的化学物质]aggressivity 攻击力aging 衰老，老化，陈化agitation 振荡，振摇，搅拌agitator 振荡器，搅拌器aglycone 苷元，糖苷配基agonist 兴奋剂，激动剂，刺激物；竞争剂；拮抗剂agranulocyte 无粒细胞agravitropism 无向重力性agretope [抗原]限制位[抗原上识别并结合二类主要组织相容性复合体的部位]agricultural alcohol 农产品（制）酒精agricultural waste 农业废物，农业垃圾agrin 集聚蛋白，集聚素[由运动神经分泌并可诱导肌纤维的乙酰胆碱酯酶和乙酰胆碱受体发生聚集]agrobacteriocin 农杆菌素，土壤杆菌素Agrobacterium 农杆菌属，土壤杆菌属Agrobacterium rhizogenes 毛根农杆菌，毛根土壤杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciems 根癌农杆菌，根瘤土壤杆菌agrochemical 农用化学品[如除草剂，杀虫剂等]agrocin 农杆素[由某些农杆菌所产生并作用于另一些农杆菌的抗生素（不是蛋白质）] agrocinopine 农杆糖酯[一种糖磷酸二酯]agroinfection 农杆菌感染（法）agropine 农杆氨酸，农杆碱[见于毛根]agropinic acid 农杆鸟氨酸，鸟氨农杆碱[见于毛根]air bubble 气泡air drying 风干air filter 空气滤器air monitering 空气监测air peak 空气峰，气泡峰air sterilization 空气除菌airflow 气流airflow meter 气流计airflow moniter 气流显示器，气流监控仪airlift bioreactor 气升式生物反应器airlift fermentation 气升式发酵airlift fermentor 气升式发酵罐airlock 气锁akaryote 无核细胞akinetic chromosome 无着丝粒染色体akinetic fragment 无着丝粒断片akinetic inversion 无着丝粒倒位alamethicin 丙甲甘肽[来自绿色木酶的一种小肽，富含beta氨基异丁酸] alanine 丙氨酸alanine aminotransferase 丙氨酸转氨酶alarm 警报器，定时钟albinism 白化病albizziin 合欢氨酸，脲基丙氨酸albumin 白蛋白，清蛋白alcohol 醇；乙醇alcohol dehydrogenase 醇脱氢酶；乙醇脱氢酶alcoholic fermentation 生醇发酵aldehyde 醛；乙醛aldehyde dehydrogenase 醛脱氢酶aldehyde oxidase 醛氧化酶aldimine 醛亚胺alditol 糖醛aldol 羟醛aldol condensation 羟醛缩合aldolase 醛缩酶aldonic acid 醛糖酸aldose 醛糖aldosterome 醛固醇alduronic acid 糖醛酸aleurome 糊粉aleurome grain 糊粉粒aleurome layer 糊粉层alfalfa mosaic virus 苜蓿花叶病毒alga 藻类（单）algae 藻类algicide 杀藻剂algin 藻胶alginate 藻酸盐alginic acid 藻酸algocyan 藻蓝素algorithm 算法，公式alicyclic amine 脂肪胺alicyclic compound 脂环化合物alicyclic hydrocarbon 脂环烃alignment 顺序；排列；[序列]对比alimentary canal 消化管aliphatic 脂肪族的aliphatic amine alkaloid 脂（肪）族胺（类）生物碱aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物aliquot 小份，等份，等分部分alizarin 茜素alkali 碱，强碱alkali metal 碱金属alkaline 碱的，强碱的alkaline amino acid 碱性氨基酸alkaline denaturation 碱变性法alkaline earth metal 碱土金属alkaline gel electrophoresis 碱性凝胶电泳alkaline hydrolysis 碱水解（作用）alkaline lysis 碱裂解（法）alkaline phosphatase 碱性磷酸酶alkaline protein 碱性蛋白质alkaline reserve 碱储备[如血液中的碳酸氢钠]alkalization 碱化alkaloid 生物碱alkane 烷alkene 烯alkyl 烷基alkylating agent 烷化剂alkylation 烷（基）化alkyne 炔all or none 全或无all or nothing 全或无all transconfiguration 全反构型allantoic acid 尿囊酸allantoin 尿囊素allatostatin 咽侧体抑制素[抑制保幼激素的分泌]allatotropin 促咽侧体素[促进保幼激素的分泌]allele 等位基因allele linkage analysis 等位基因连锁反应allelic complement 等位（基因）互补allelic diversity 等位（基因）多样化allelic exclusion 等位（基因）排斥[一个杂合子表现其任一异型性状的现象，有时特指成熟的B细胞只产生一种抗体而其等位结构不表达]allelic inactivation 等位（基因）失活allelic inclusion 等位（基因）相容allelic replacement 等位（基因）置换allelic variation 等位（基因）变异allelism 等位性allelomorph 等位基因allelomorphism 等位性allelopathic substance 异柱克生物质，异种克生物质allelopathy 异柱克生（现象），异种克生（现象）allergen 变应原allergic 变应性的allergic disease 变应性疾病allergy 变态反应alloantibody 同种抗体alloantigen 同种抗原allodiploid 异源二倍体allodiploidy 异源二倍性allodiplomonosome 异源二倍单体allogenic antigen 同种异型抗原，同种异体抗原allograft 同种异体移植allograft rejection 同种异体移植排斥allogroup 同种异型组allohaploid 异源单倍体alloheteroploid 异源异倍体allophycocyanin 别藻蓝蛋白，别藻蓝素alloploid 异源倍体alloploidy 异源倍性allopolyhaploid 异源多倍单倍体allopolyploid 异源多倍体allopurinol 别嘌呤醇allopurinol nucleotide 别嘌呤醇核苷酸alloreactivity 同种异体反应性allorecognition 同种（异体）识别allose 阿洛糖allosome 异染色体allosteric activation 别构激活，别构活化allosteric activator 别构激活剂，别构活化剂allosteric control 别构调节allosteric effect 别构效应allosteric effector 别构剂allosteric enzyme 别构酶allosteric inbibition 别构抑制allosteric inbibitor 别构抑制剂allosteric interaction 别构作用allosteric ligand 别构配体allosteric protein 别构蛋白allosteric regulation 别构调节allosteric site 别构部位allosteric transition 别构转换[由别构剂所引起的蛋白质构象变化] allosterism 别构，变构allostery 别构性allosynapsis 异源联会allotope 同种异型位allotrope 同素异形体allotrtraploid 异源四倍体allotype 同种异型allotypic antigen 同种异型抗原allotypic determinant 同种异型决定簇allotypic marker 同种异型标记allotypy 同种异型性alloxan 四氧嘧啶allozyme 同种异型酶allyl 烯丙基allyl resin 烯丙基树脂allysine 醛（基）赖氨酸alphavirus 甲病毒属[属于披膜病毒科]alternate segregation 相间分离alternating copolymer 交替共聚物alternating copolymerization 交替共聚合alternation of generations 世代交替alternative 另一种的，交替的，备择的alternative complement pathway 补体旁路alternative pathway of complement 补体旁路（途径）alternative polyadenylation 可变聚腺苷酸化alternative RNA processing 可变RNA加工alternative RNA splicing 可变RNA剪接，旁路RNA剪接alternative splicing 可变剪接，旁路剪接alternative splicing factor 可变剪接因子alternative transcription 可变转录alternative transcription initiation 可变转录起始alternatively spliced mRNA 可变剪接的mRNAaltrose 阿卓糖Alu family Alu家族alum 矾，明矾aluminia 氧化铝，矾土alveolar gas exchange 肺泡气体交换alveolar surfactant 肺泡表面活性物质alytensin 产婆蟾（紧张）肽Alzheimer disease 阿尔茨海默病，老年性痴呆amaerobic 厌氧的amalgam 汞齐amalgam electrode 汞齐电极amanin 鹅膏素amanitine 鹅膏毒环肽amantadine 金刚胺amanullin 鹅膏无毒环肽amaryllidaceae alkaloid 石蒜科生物碱amastatin 氨肽酶抑制剂，抑氨肽酶肽amatoxin 鹅膏毒素amber codon 琥珀密码子[即UAA终止密码子]amber mutant 琥珀突变体，琥珀突变型amber mutation 琥珀突变amber suppression 琥珀抑制amber suppressor 琥珀（突变）抑制基因，琥珀（突变）抑制因子Amberlite resin [商]Amberlite树脂，琥石树脂[Rohm&Haas公司离子交换树脂的商品名]ambident 两可的ambident ion 两可离子ambient 周围的ambient temperature 环境温度，室温ambiguous codon 多义密码子ambisense 双义ambisense genome 双义基因组ambisense RNA 双义RNA[同时编码蛋白质的病毒正链与负链RNA]amboceper 双纳体[既有绵羊红细胞结合位点又有补体结合位点的抗体]ambutyrosin 氨丁苷菌素amensalism 偏害共栖American Type Culture Collection 美国模式培养物保藏所amerol 杀草强，氨基三唑Ames test 埃姆斯试验amethopterin 氨甲蝶呤amicetin 友菌素amicillin resistance 氨苄青霉素抗性amidase 酰胺酶amidated peptide 酰胺（化）肽amide 酰胺amidine 脒amido black 酰胺黑[可用于蛋白质SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的染色]amido bond 酰胺键amido link 酰胺键amido linkage 酰胺键amidomycin 胺霉素amidotrizoate 3,5-双乙酰氨基-2,4,6-三碘苯甲酸盐amiloride 氨氯吡嗪脒[利尿药]amination 氨基化amine 胺amine bormones 胺类激素amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation system 胺前体摄取（和）脱羧系统，APUD 系统[可提取胺前体并进行脱羧而产生肽类或活性胺的细胞系统]amine transporter 胺转运蛋白Aminex resin [商]Aminex树脂[Bio-Rad公司离子交换树脂的商品名，一类HPLC级球形介质，是带功能基的苯乙烯—二乙烯苯共聚物]amino 氨基amino acid arm 氨基酸臂[位于tRNA上]amino acid frequency 氨基酸（使用）频率amino acid preference 氨基酸偏爱性amino acid residue 氨基酸残基amino acid residue contact 氨基酸残基接触（面）amino acid transport 氨基酸转运amino acid transporter 氨基酸转运蛋白amino acid usage 氨基酸使用amino alkyl indole 氨烷基吲哚amino alkyl phosphoramidite 氨烷基亚磷酰胺amino nigrogen 氨基氮aminoacyl 氨酰基aminoacyl esterase 氨酰酯酶aminoacyl phosphatidylglycerol 氨酰磷脂酰甘油aminoacyl site 氨酰基位aminoacyl tRNA 氨酰tRNAaminoacylation 氨酰化aminobenzoic acid 氨基苯甲酸aminocephalosporinic acid 氨基头孢菌酸aminoethyl 氨乙基aminoethyl mercaptan 氨乙基硫醇，巯基乙胺aminoglucose 氨基葡糖aminoglycoside antibiotics 氨基糖苷（类）抗生素aminoglycoside phosphotransferase 氨基糖苷磷酸转移酶aminoguanidine 氨基胍aminolink 氨基连接臂[例如附于合成寡核苷酸的5'端，便于与其他配体偶联]aminolysis 氨解aminomycin 氨基霉素，缬氨霉素aminooimidazole 氨基咪唑aminopenicillanic acid 氨基青酶烷酸aminopeptidase 氨肽酶aminophylline 氨茶碱aminopterin 氨基蝶呤aminopurine 氨基嘌呤aminotransferase 氨基转移酶，转氨酶aminotriazole 氨基三唑，杀草强amiodarone 乙胺碘呋酮amitosis 无丝分裂amixis 无融合ammonia 氨ammonification 氨化（作用）ammonio 铵基ammonium 铵ammonium acetate 乙酸铵ammonium hydroxide 氢氧化铵，氨水ammonium persulfate 过硫酸氨ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵ammonium sulfate fractionation 硫酸铵分级分离ammonium sulfate precipitation 硫酸铵沉淀ammonotelism 排氨型代谢amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺（术）amnion 羊膜amniota 羊膜动物amoeba 变形虫，阿米巴amoeboid movement 变形运动amorphous material 无定形物，非晶态amphi position 远位amphiastral mitosis 双星有丝分裂amphibia 两栖纲amphibivalent 双二价体amphibolic pathway 两用代谢途径[即可用于代谢物分解又可用于合成] amphidiploid 双二倍体amphidiploidy 双二倍性amphigenesis 两性生殖amphiglycan 双栖蛋白聚糖[同时见于上皮及成纤维细胞] amphihaploidy 双倍体amphimixix 两性融合amphion 两性离子amphipathic 两亲的amphipathicity 两亲性amphipathy 两亲性amphiphilic 两亲的amphiphilicity 两亲性[一个分子中一部分亲水，另一部分疏水] amphipolyploid 双多倍体amphipolyploidy 双多倍性amphiprotic 两性的amphiregulin 双调蛋白[与EGF家族同源的一种双功能生长调节蛋白]amphitrophy 兼性营养amphivalency 异配现象[用于配位化学]ampholine [商]两性电解质Ampholine[Pharmacia公司商品，可用于等电聚焦]ampholyte 两性物，两性电解质ampholytoid 两性胶体amphoteric character 兼性性质amphoteric characteristics 兼性性质[兼有酸碱性或正负电贺]amphoteric colloid 兼性胶体amphoteric emulsifier 兼性乳化剂，两性乳化剂amphoteric ion 兼性离子amphotericin 两性霉素amphoterics 兼性表面活性剂amphotropic retrovirus 兼嗜性逆转录病毒，双嗜性逆转录病毒[既能在宿主细胞又能在异种细胞上引起产毒性感染]ampicillin 氨苄青霉素amplicon 扩增子amplification 扩增amplimer 扩增引物ampoule 安瓿瓶amycin 阿霉素amygdalin 扁桃苷，苦杏仁苷amylase 淀粉酶[包括糖化酶和麦芽糖化酶]amylin 糊精amylo process 阿明露法，淀粉发酵法，霉菌糖化法[由根酶及酵母菌同时生长糖化，发酵生产酒精]amylodextrin 极限糊精amyloglucosidase 淀粉葡糖苷酶amyloid protein precursor 淀粉样蛋白前体amyloid ring 淀粉质环amylolytic activity 淀粉分解活性amylopectin 支链淀粉amyloplast 造粉（质）体amyloplastid 造粉粒amylose 直链淀粉anabolism 合成代谢anaerobe 厌氧菌[缺乏超氧化物岐化酶，须在无氧或低氧化还原电势的条件下才能正常生长繁殖的微生物]anaerobic bacteria 厌氧细菌anaerobic chamber 厌氧培养室anaerobic contact digestor 厌氧接触（型）消化器anaerobic cultivation 厌氧培养anaerobic digestion 厌氧消化anaerobic fermentation 厌氧发酵anaerobic filter system 厌氧过滤系统anaerobic membrane bioreactor 厌氧膜生物反应器anaerobiosis 厌氧生活，无氧生活anaerogen 不产气菌anaeroic digestor 厌氧消化器analgesic 止痛药analgesis 镇痛analog 类似物analogous 类似的，模拟的analogous organ 同功器官analogous protein 类似蛋白质[有时特指由趋同进化而产生的相似蛋白] analogue 类似物analogy 模拟，类似analogy model 模拟模型analyte 分析物analytical 分析的analytical chromatography 分析型层析analytical column 分析柱analytical reagent 分析纯试剂anaphase [细胞分裂]后期anaphylactic 过敏性的anaphylactic reaction 过敏反应anaphylatoxin 过敏毒素anaphylaxis 过敏性，过敏（反应）anaplerotic reaction 添补反应anastral mitosis 无星有丝分裂ancestor 祖先，始祖ancestry 祖先，始祖anchimeric assistance 邻助作用anchor 锚anchor catalyst 锚定催化剂anchor primer 锚定引物anchorage 固着，锚定anchored PCR 锚式聚合酶链（式）反应，锚式PCRanchorin 锚定蛋白anchoring 锚着，锚定ancovenin 血管紧张肽转化酶抑制肽androcyte 雄（母）细胞androecium 雄蕊群androgamete 雄配子androgen 雄激素androgen binding protein 雄激素结合蛋白androgenesis 孤雄发育，单雄生殖，雄核发育androgenetic parthenogenesis 产雄孤雌生殖androgonium 雄原细胞androgynism 雌雄同柱，雌雄同体andromedotoxin 梫木毒素andrometoxin 雄核卵块发育androplasm 雄质androsome 限雄染色体androspore 产雄孢子；小孢子androsterone 雄酮anemia 贫血anemoentomophily 风虫媒anemophilous flower 风媒花anemophilous plant 风媒植物anemophilous pollination 风媒传粉anemophily 风媒anergy 无反应性[用于细胞免疫学] anesthesia 麻醉aneucentric chromosome 非单着丝粒染色体aneuhaploid 非整倍单倍体aneuhaploidy 非整倍单倍性aneuploid 非整倍性aneuploid cell line 非整倍体细胞系aneuploidy 非整倍性angiogenesis factor 血管生成因子angiogenin 血管生成素angioplasty 血管成形术[可用于基因转移] angiosperm 被子植物angiotensin 血管紧张肽angiotensinase 血管紧张肽酶angiotensinogen 血管紧张肽原angle rotor 角转头angstrom 埃anguidin 蛇形毒素angular methyl 角甲基anhydrase 脱水酶anhydride 酸酐anhydrous 无水的anhydrous acetonitrile 无水乙腈aniline 苯胺aniline blue 苯胺蓝animal cell line 动物细胞系anion 阴离子anion base 阴离子碱anion channel 阴离子通道anion respiration 阴离子呼吸anionic acid 阴离子酸anionic detergent 阴离子（型）去污剂anisodamine 山莨菪anisodine 樟柳碱anisogamete 异型配子anisogamy 异配生殖anisol 苯甲醚anisomorphic DNA 异形DNAanisomycin 茴香霉素anisopolyploid 奇（数）多倍体anisospore 异形孢子anisotropic 各向异性的anisotropic membrane 各向异性膜anisotropy 各向异性[物理参数随方向的变化而变化]anitbacterial immunization 抗（细）菌免疫ankyrin 锚蛋白ankyrin repeat 锚蛋白重复序列anlage 原基annealing 退火Annelita 环节动物门annexin 膜联蛋白[一类被钙离子活化后可与膜磷脂结合的蛋白，参与膜转运及膜表面其他一系列依赖于钙调蛋白的活动，分为I II III等多种。
生物类中英文术语对照
生物类中英文术语对照生物类中英文术语对照生物学是研究生命的科学领域，涉及到许多专业术语。
以下是一些常见的生物类中英文术语对照：1.细胞 - Cell2.细胞膜 - Cell membrane3.细胞核 - Cell nucleus4.细胞质 - Cytoplasm5.基因 - Gene6.DNA - DNA7.RNA - RNA8.蛋白质 - Protein9.酶 - Enzyme10.组织 - Tissue11.器官 - Organ12.系统 - System13.呼吸系统 - Respiratory system14.消化系统 - Digestive system15.循环系统 - Circulatory system16.神经系统 - Nervous system17.免疫系统 - Immune system18.感觉器官 - Sense organs19.植物 - Plant20.动物 - Animal21.真核生物 - Eukaryote22.原核生物 - Prokaryote23.进化 - Evolution24.自然选择 - Natural selection25.种群 - Population26.种 - Species27.物种多样性 - Biodiversity28.生态系统 - Ecosystem29.食物链 - Food chain30.生态位 - Ecological niche31.水生生物 - Aquatic organisms32.陆生生物 - Terrestrial organisms33.哺乳动物 - Mammal34.鸟类 - Bird35.爬行动物 - Reptile36.鱼类 - Fish37.節肢動物 - Arthropod38.昆虫 - Insect39.线虫 - Nematode40.软体动物 - Mollusk41.硬壳动物 - Crustacean42.植物分类 - Plant taxonomy43.界 - Kingdom44.门 - Phylum45.纲 - Class46.目 - Order47.科 - Family48.属 - Genus49.种 - Species50.进化论 - Theory of evolution51.遗传学 - Genetics52.基因组 - Genome53.遗传变异 - Genetic variation54.基因突变 - Gene mutation55.基因表达 - Gene expression56.遗传工程 - Genetic engineering57.克隆 - Cloning58.基因编辑 - Gene editing59.生物技术 - Biotechnology60.生物多样性保护 - Conservation of biodiversity61.细胞分裂 - Cell division62.有丝分裂 - Mitosis63.减数分裂 - Meiosis64.受精 - Fertilization65.胚胎 - Embryo66.胚胎发育 - Embryonic development67.遗传 - Heredity68.基因型 - Genotype69.表现型 - Phenotype70.遗传显性 - Dominant inheritance71.遗传隐性 - Recessive inheritance72.基因型比例 - Genotypic ratio73.表现型比例 - Phenotypic ratio74.自交 - Self-fertilization75.杂交 - Cross-fertilization76.光合作用 - Photosynthesis77.呼吸作用 - Respiration78.发酵 - Fermentation79.光合细菌 - Photosynthetic bacteria80.蓝藻 - Cyanobacteria81.植物生长 - Plant growth82.营养 - Nutrition83.吸收 - Absorption84.植物激素 - Plant hormones85.光周期 - Photoperiodism86.花期 - Flowering period87.叶绿素 - Chlorophyll88.光合作用速率 - Rate of photosynthesis89.光合产物 - Photosynthetic products90.光合产氧 - Oxygen production in photosynthesis91.繁殖 - Reproduction92.雄性 - Male93.雌性 - Female94.配子 - Gamete95.授粉 - Pollination96.传粉 - Pollination by animals97.结实 - Fruiting98.种子 - Seed99.胚 - Embryo100.发芽 - Germination这只是一小部分生物类中英文术语的对照，生物学领域的术语非常广泛。
(生物科技行业)医学细胞生物学英文词汇翻译
医学细胞生物学专业英语词汇acrocentric chromosome 近端着丝粒染色体actin 肌动蛋白actin filament 肌动蛋白丝actinomycin D 放线菌素D activator 活化物active transport 主动运输adenine 腺嘌呤adenosine monophosphate, AMP 腺苷一磷酸, 腺苷酸adenyl cyclase, AC 腺苷酸环化酶adhesion plaque 黏着斑agranular endoplasmic reticulum 无颗粒内质网Alzheimer disease 阿尔茨海默病amino acid 氨基酸aminoacyl site, A site 氨基酰位，A位amitosis; direct division 无丝分裂；直接分裂amphipathic molecule 双型性分子anaphase 后期anchoring junction 锚定连接annular granule 孔环颗粒anticoding strand 反编码链antigen 抗原antiparallel 逆平行性apoptic body 凋亡小体apoptosis 凋亡assembly 组装aster 星体asymmetry 不对称性autolysis 自溶作用autophagolysosome 自噬性溶酶体autophagy 自噬作用autoradiography 放射自显影技术autosome 常染色体B lymphocyte B淋巴细胞bacteria 细菌base substitution 碱基替换belt desmosome 带状桥粒bioblast 生命小体biological macromolecule 生物大分子biomembrane 生物膜biotechnology 生物技术bivalent 二价体breakage 断裂cadherin 钙粘连素calmodulin, CaM 钙调蛋白cAMP 环一磷酸腺苷cAMP-dependent protein kinase 环一磷酸腺苷依赖型蛋白激酶capping 戴帽carrier protein 载体蛋白cat cry syndrome 猫叫综合症cell division cycle gene CDC基因cell 细胞cell and molecular biology 细胞分子生物学cell biology 细胞生物学cell coat; glycocalyx 细胞衣；糖萼cell culture 细胞培养cell cycle 细胞周期cell cycle-regulating protein 细胞周期调节蛋白cell cycle time 细胞周期时间cell determination 细胞决定cell differentiation 细胞分化cell division cycle, CDC 细胞分裂周期cell division cycle gene, CDC gene 细胞分裂周期基因cell engineering 细胞工程cell fractionation 细胞分级分离cell fusion 细胞融合cell junction 细胞连接cell line 细胞系cell membrane; plasma membrane 细胞膜；质膜cell plate 细胞板cell proliferation 细胞增殖cell recognition 细胞识别cell surface antigen 细胞表面抗原cell theory 细胞学说cell strain 细胞株cell aging 细胞衰老cell synchronization 细胞同步化cellular oxidation 细胞氧化cellular respiration 细胞呼吸central granule 中央颗粒centromere 着丝粒chalone 抑素channel protein 通道蛋白chemiosmotic hypothesis 化学渗透假说chiasmata 交叉cholesterol 胆固醇chromatid 染色单体chromatin 染色质chromomere 染色粒chromosome 染色体chromosome arm 染色体臂chromosome banding 染色体带chromosome disease 染色体病chromosome engineering 染色体工程chromosome scaffold 染色体支架chromosome syndrome 染色体综合症cis Golgi network cisterna（pl. cisternae）顺面高尔基网状结构扁平囊clathrin 笼蛋白clone 克隆coated pit 有被小窝coated vesicle 包被小泡coding strand 编码链codon 密码子codon degeneracy 密码子兼并性coenzyme 辅酶collagenfibronectin, FN 纤连蛋白communication junction 通讯连接complementation 互补性condensation stage 凝集期confocal laser scanning microscope 共焦激光扫描显微镜connexin 连接子constitutive heterochromatin 结构异染色质continuous microtubules 极微管converting enzyme 转变酶crista（pl. cristae）嵴cyanine 胞嘧啶cyclin 细胞周期素cydoeximide 放线菌酮cytidine monophosphate, CMP 胞苷一磷酸，胞苷酸cytokinesis 细胞质分裂cytology 细胞学cytoplasm 细胞质cytoplasm engineering 细胞质工程cytoplasm substitution 细胞质代换cytoplasmic plaque 胞质斑cytoskeleton 细胞骨架dark field microscope 暗视野显微镜dedifferentiation 去分化degeneracy 兼并deletion 缺失density gradient centrifugation 密度梯度离心deoxyadenosine monophosphate, dAMP 脱氧腺苷酸deoxycytidine monophosphate, dCMP 脱氧胞苷酸deoxyguanosine monophosphate, dGMP 脱氧鸟苷酸deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA 脱氧核糖核酸deoxythymidine monophosphate, dTMP 脱氧胸苷酸desmosome 桥粒diakinesis 终变期differential centrifugation 差速离心differential expression 差异性表达differentiation induction 分化诱导differentiation inhibition 分化抑制diplococcus pneumonia 肺炎双球菌diplotene 双线期disassembly 去组装DNA probe DNA探针DNA synthesis phase DNA合成期dosage compensation 剂量补偿doublet 二联管duplication 重复effector 效应器electric coupling 电偶联electron microscope 电子显微镜elementary particle 基粒eletronfusion 电融合elongation factor, EF 延长因子embryonic induction 胚胎诱导作用endocytosis 内吞作用endolysosome 内体性溶酶体endomembrane system 内膜系统endoplasmic reticulum, ER 内质网enhancer 增强子enzyme 酶equatorial plane 赤道面eucaryotes 真核生物euchromatin 常染色质eukaryotic cell 真核细胞exocytosis 胞吐作用exon 外显子extracellular matrix, ECM 细胞外基质extrinsic; peripheral protein 外在蛋白；外周蛋白F body 荧光小体facilitated diffusion 易化扩散facultative heterochromatin 兼性异染色质fibrillar component 原纤维成分fibronectin, FN 纤粘连蛋白fibrous actin, F-actin 纤维状肌动蛋白flanking sequence 侧翼顺序fluid mosaic model 液态镶嵌模型fluorescence microscope 荧光显微镜fluorescence recovery after荧光漂白恢复photobleaching, FRAPfork-initiation protein 叉起始蛋白frameshift mutation 移码突变free cell 游离细胞free diffusion 自由扩散free energy 自由能galactocerebroside 半乳糖脑苷脂ganglioside 神经节苷脂gap junction 间隙连接gene 基因gene cluster 基因簇gene engineering 基因工程gene expression 基因表达gene family 基因家族gene mutation 基因突变genetic code 遗传密码genetic message 遗传信息genome 基因组genome engineering 染色体工程genomic DNA library 基因组DNA文库glycogen storage disease typeⅡⅡ型糖原蓄积病glycolipid 糖脂glycoprotein 糖蛋白glycosaminoglycan, GAG 氨基聚糖glycosylation 糖基化Golgi apparatus 高尔基器Golgi body 高尔基体Golgi complex 高尔基复合体granular component 颗粒成分granular drop 脱粒granular endoplasmic reticulum 颗粒内质网growth factor 生长因子GT-AG rule GT-AG法则guanine 鸟嘌呤guanosine monophosphate, GMP 鸟苷一磷酸，鸟苷酸hemidesmosome 半桥粒hereditary factor 遗传因子heterochromatin 异染色质heterogeneous nuclear RNA, hnRNA 不均一核RNA heterokaryon 异核体heterophagolysosome 异噬性溶酶体heterophagy 异噬作用heteropyknosis 异固缩highly repetitive sequence 高度重复序列histone 组蛋白holoenzyme 全酶homokaryon 同核体housekeeping gene 管家基因housekeeping protein 管家蛋白human leukocyte antigen, HLA 人白细胞抗原hyaluronic acid, HA 透明质酸hybrid cell 杂交细胞hyperdiploid 超二倍体hypodiploid 亚二倍体immunofluorescence microscopy 免疫荧光显微镜技术immunoglobulin 免疫球蛋白in vitro 离体的in vivo 体内的inactive X hypothesis 失活X假说inborn errors of metabolism 先天性代谢缺陷病inducer 诱导物induction 诱导inhibitor of mitotic factor, IMF 有丝分裂因子抑制物initiation factor, IF 起始因子inner membrane 内膜inner nuclear membrane 内层核膜insertion sequence, IS 插入顺序Integral protein 整合蛋白integrin 整连蛋白inter membrane space; outer chamber 膜间腔；外室intercellular communication 细胞间通讯intercristal space; inner chamber 嵴间腔；内室intermediate filament 中间纤维internal membrane 内膜internal reticular apparatus 内网器interphase 间期interstitial deletion 中间缺失interzonal microtubules 区间微管intracristal space 嵴内腔intra-nucleolar chromatin 核仁内染色质intrinsic; integral protein 内在蛋白；整合蛋白intron 内含子inversion 倒位inverted repetitive sequence 倒位重复顺序ionic channel 离子通道ionic coupling 离子偶联jumping gene 跳跃基因karyotype 核型kinetochore 着丝点kinetochore microtubules 动粒微管Klinefelter’s syndrome先天性睾丸发育不全症lagging strand 后随链laminin, LN 层粘连蛋白lateral diffusion 侧向扩散leading strand 前导链leptotene 细线期ligand; chemical signal 配体；化学信号light microscope 光学显微镜linear polymer 线性多聚体linker 连接线liposome 脂质体liquid crystal 液晶low density lipoprotein, LDL 低密度脂蛋白luxury gene 奢侈基因luxury protein 奢侈蛋白lymphokine 淋巴激活素lymphotoxin 淋巴毒素lysosome 溶酶体major histocompatibility complex, MHC 组织相容性复合体malignancy 恶性matrical granule 基质颗粒matrix 基质matrix fibronectin, mFN 基质纤连蛋白maturation-prompting factor, MPF 成熟促进因子medial Golgi stack 高尔基中间囊膜meiosis 减数分裂membrane antigen 膜抗原membrane carbohydrate 膜碳水化合物membrane flow 膜流membrane lipid 膜脂membrane protein 膜蛋白membrane receptor 膜受体membranous structure 膜相结构messenger RNA 信使核糖核酸mesosome 中间体metabolic coupling 代谢偶联metacentric chromosome 中央着丝粒染色体metaphase 中期micelle 微团microfilament 微丝microscopy 显微镜技术microsome 微粒体microtrabecular lattice 微梁网格microtubule 微管microtubule associated protein, MAP 微管结合蛋白microtubule organizing centers, MTOC 微管组织中心microvillus 微绒毛middle repetitive sequence 中度重复序列miniband 微带missense mutation 错义突变mitochondria 线粒体mitosis 有丝分裂mitosis phase 有丝分裂期mitotic apparatus 有丝分裂器mitotic factor, MF 有丝分裂因子mobility 流动性model for controlling gene expression 基因表达调控模型molecular biology 分子生物学molecular disease 分子病monopotent cell 单能细胞monosomy 单体性multiple coiling model 多级螺旋模型multipotent cell 多能细胞myasthenia gravis 重症肌无力症mycoplasma 支原体myofibrils 肌原纤维necrosis 坏死neuropeptide 神经肽non-continuation 不连续性non-histone 非组蛋白non-membranous structure 非膜相结构nonsense mutation 无义突变nuclear envelope 核被膜nuclear lamina 核纤层nuclear matrix 核基质nuclear pore 核孔nuclear pore complex 核孔复合体nuclear sap 核液nuclear sex 核性别nuclear skeleton 核骨架nucleic acid 核酸nucleic acid hybridization 核酸分子杂交nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio 核质比nucleoid 类核体nucleoids 拟核nucleolar associated chromatin 核仁相随染色质nucleolar organizing region 核仁组织区nucleolus 核仁nucleosome 核小体nucleotide 核苷酸nucleosome core 核小体核心nucleus 细胞核nucleus transplantation 核移植法nucleus-cytoplasm hybrid 核质杂种Okazaki fragment 岗崎片段oligomer fibronectin,oFN 寡聚纤连蛋白oncogene 癌基因operator gene 操纵基因operon 操纵子operon theory 操纵子学说organelle 细胞器origin 起点outer membrane 外膜outer nuclear membrane 外层核膜overlapping gene 重叠基因oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化pachytene 粗线期pairing stage 配对期partial monosome 部分单体partial trisomy 部分三体passive transport 被动运输patching 成斑现象peptide bond 肽键peptidyl site, P site 肽基位；P位perinuclear space 核间隙perinucleolar chromatin 核仁周围染色质peripheral granule 周边颗粒peripheral protein 外周蛋白permeability 通透性peroxisome; microbody 过氧化物酶体；微体phagocytosis 吞噬作用phagolysosome 吞噬性溶酶体phagosome 自噬体phase contrast microscope 相差显微镜phenylalanine hydroxylase, PAH 苯丙氨酸羟化酶phenylketonuria, PKU 苯丙酮尿症phosphatidylinositol, PL 磷脂酰肌醇phosphodiester bond 磷酸二酯键phosphodiesterase, PDE 磷酸二酯酶phosphoglyceride 磷酸甘油酯phospholipase C,PLC 磷脂酶C phospholipid 磷脂pinocytosis 胞饮作用pinocytotic vesicle 吞饮泡plasma cell 浆细胞plasma fibronectin, pFN 血浆纤连蛋白plasmid 质粒point mutation 点突变polar microtubule 极间微管polarizing microscope 偏光显微镜polyadenylation 多聚腺苷酸反应polyploid 多倍体polyribosome 多聚核糖体premature condensed chromosome, PCC 早熟染色体premeiosis interphase 减数分裂前间期primary constriction 主缢痕primary culture 原代培养primary culture cell 原代细胞programmed cell death 细胞程序性死亡prokaryotes 原核生物prokaryotic cell 原核细胞promotor 启动子promotor gene 启动基因prophase 前期protein 蛋白质protein kinase C, PKC 蛋白激酶C proteoglycan, PG 蛋白聚糖protofilament 原纤维protooncogene 原癌基因protoplasm 原生质purine 嘌呤碱pyrimidine 嘧啶碱receptor mediated endocytosis 受体介导的内吞作用reciprocal translocation 相互易位recombinant DNA technology 重组DNA技术recombination nodules 重组小节recombination stage 重组期recondensation stage 再凝集期redifferentiation 再分化regulator gene 调节基因release factor, RF 释放因子replication 复制replication eyes 复制眼replication fork 复制叉replicon 复制子repressor 阻碍物resolving power 分辨力residual body 残体respiratory chain 呼吸链restriction endonuclease 限制性内切核酸酶restriction point 限制点reverse transcription 逆转录rho factor, ρρ因子ribonucleic acid, RNA 核糖核酸ribophorin 核糖体结合蛋白ribosomal RNA 核糖体核糖核酸ribosome 核糖核蛋白体RNA polymerase RNA聚合酶rough endoplasmic reticulum, rER sac 粗面内质网扁平囊same sense mutation 同义突变sarcoplasmic reticulum 肌质网satellite 随体scanning electron microscope 扫描电子显微镜scanning tunneling microscope 扫描隧道电子显微镜secondary constriction 次缢痕secondary culture 传代培养semiautonomous organelle 半自主性的细胞器semiconservative replication 半保留复制semidiscontinuous replication 半不连续复制sensor 感受器sequential expression 顺序表达sex chromosome 性染色体signal codon 信号密码子signal hypothesis 信号肽假说signal molecule 信号分子signal peptide 信号肽signal recognition particle, SPR 信号识别颗粒simple diffusion 简单扩散single sequence 单一序列single-stranded DNA binding protein 单链DNA结合蛋白singlet 单管small nuclear RNA, snRNA 小分子细胞核RNA smooth endoplasmic reticulum, sER 滑面内质网solenoid 螺线管sparsomycin 稀疏酶素sphingomyelin 神经鞘磷脂spindle 纺锤体splicing 剪接split gene 断裂基因start codon 起始密码子stem cell 干细胞stress fiber 张力基因structural gene 结构基因submetacentric chromosome 亚中着丝粒染色体supersolenoid 超螺线管suppressor tRNA 校正tRNA synapsis 联会synaptonemal complex 联会复合体synkaryon 合核体synonymous codon 同义密码子synonymous mutation 同义突变T lymphocyte T淋巴细胞tailing 加尾telomere 端粒telophase 末期terminal deletion 末端缺失terminalization 端化terminator 终止子tetrad 四分体tetraploid 四倍体thymine 胸腺嘧啶three dimensional structure,3D 三维结构tight junction 紧密连接tissue cell 组织细胞tissue engineering 组织工程totipotency 全能性trans Golgi network 反面高尔基网状结构transcribed spacer 转录间隔区transcription 转录transdifferentiation 转分化transfer RNA 转运核糖核酸transformation 转化transition 转换translation 翻译translocation 易位transport protein 运输蛋白transposition 转座transversion 颠换transmission electron microscope 透视电子显微镜tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环trigger protein 触发蛋白triplet 三联管triploid 三倍体triskelion 三臂蛋白trisomy 三体tubulin 微管蛋白tumor necrosis factor 肿瘤坏死因子Turner’s syndrome先天性卵巢发育不全症tyrosinase, TN 酪氨酸酶ultravoltage electron microscope 超高压电子显微镜unit membrane 单位膜untranscribed spacer 非转录间隔区unwinding protein 解链蛋白uracil 尿嘧啶uridine monophosphate, UMP vacuole 尿苷一磷酸；尿苷酸大囊泡vector vesicle 载体小囊泡vinculin 粘着斑连接蛋白wobble hypothesis 摇摆学说X chromatin X染色质Y chromatin Y染色质zygotene 偶线期。
生物学名词(附英文名称)解读
生物学名词(附英文名称)解读一、细胞(Cell)细胞是生物体的基本单位，是生命活动的场所。
细胞具有细胞膜、细胞质和细胞核等结构，负责执行生命活动的各种功能。
二、DNA(DNA)DNA是脱氧核糖核酸的缩写，是生物体内存储遗传信息的分子。
DNA分子由四种碱基组成，通过碱基对排列形成双螺旋结构，负责传递遗传信息。
三、蛋白质(Protein)蛋白质是生物体内的重要分子，具有多种功能，如催化反应、运输物质、调节细胞活动等。
蛋白质由氨基酸组成，通过肽键连接形成长链。
四、酶(Enzyme)酶是一种特殊的蛋白质，具有催化化学反应的功能。
酶能够降低化学反应的活化能，提高反应速率，从而加速生命活动。
五、光合作用(Photosynthesis)光合作用是植物、藻类和某些细菌利用光能将二氧化碳和水转化为有机物和氧气的过程。
光合作用是地球上生物能量循环的基础。
六、呼吸作用(Respiration)呼吸作用是生物体内分解有机物，释放能量的过程。
呼吸作用包括有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸两种形式，有氧呼吸需要氧气，无氧呼吸不需要氧气。
七、有丝分裂(Mitosis)有丝分裂是生物体内细胞分裂的一种方式，通过有丝分裂，一个细胞分裂成两个细胞，保证了遗传信息的传递。
八、减数分裂(Meiosis)减数分裂是生物体内细胞分裂的一种方式，通过减数分裂，一个细胞分裂成四个细胞，每个细胞只含有一套染色体，保证了生殖细胞的形成。
九、基因(Gene)基因是生物体内控制遗传特征的基本单位，位于染色体上。
基因通过编码蛋白质，决定了生物体的遗传特征。
十、生态系统(Ecosystem)生态系统是由生物体和非生物环境组成的相互作用的整体。
生态系统中的生物体之间存在着食物链和食物网，通过能量流动和物质循环维持生态平衡。
十一、生物多样性(Biodiversity)生物多样性是指地球上生物种类、遗传差异和生态系统的多样性。
它包括物种多样性、遗传多样性和生态系统多样性。
十二、进化(Evolution)进化是指生物种群在长期演化过程中，通过自然选择、基因突变和基因重组等机制，逐渐适应环境变化的过程。
AP Biology 生物学术语(中英对照)
homeostasis 稳态 organisms regulation of its internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for survival; a characteristic of all living things. process of maintaing equilibrium in cells internal environments
technology 科技 application of scientific research to societys needs and problems
ecology 生态学 scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments
environment 环境 biotic and abiotic surroundings to which an organism must constantly adjust; includes air, water, weather, temperature, other organisms and many other factors.
The Dynamics of Life
Chapter 1&2 1. biology 生物学 The study of life that seeks to provide an understanding of the natural world.
2. organism 生物 Anything that possesses all the characteristics of life; all organisms have an orderly structure, produce offspring, grow, develop, and adjust to changes in the environment.
生物学英语中英对照
生物学英语中英对照1. 遗传学 Genetics基因 Gene染色体 Chromosome遗传变异 Genetic variation2. 细胞生物学 Cell Biology细胞 Cell细胞核 Nucleus细胞膜 Cell membrane3. 生态学 Ecology生态系统 Ecosystem生物多样性 Biodiversity生物群落 Biome4. 分子生物学 Molecular Biology蛋白质 Protein核酸 Nucleic acid酶 Enzyme5. 发育生物学 Developmental Biology胚胎发育 Embryonic development细胞分化 Cell differentiation形态发生 Morphogenesis6. 植物学 Botany叶绿体 Chloroplast光合作用 Photosynthesis根系 Root system7. 动物学 Zoology器官 Organ组织 Tissue神经系统 Nervous system8. 微生物学 Microbiology细菌 Bacteria病毒 Virus真菌 Fungus9. 生物化学 Biochemistry代谢 MetabolismATP（三磷酸腺苷） ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)酶促反应 Enzymatic reaction10. 生理学 Physiology心脏 Heart肺 Lung肝脏 Liver生物学英语中英对照（续）11. 进化生物学 Evolutionary Biology自然选择 Natural selection物种形成 Speciation进化树 Evolutionary tree12. 行为生物学 Behavioral Biology繁殖行为 Reproductive behavior领域行为 Territorial behavior社会行为 Social behavior13. 神经生物学 Neurobiology神经元 Neuron突触 Synapse神经递质 Neurotransmitter14. 免疫学 Immunology抗体 Antibody免疫系统 Immune system炎症 Inflammation15. 营养学 Nutrition蛋白质 Protein碳水化合物 Carbohydrate脂肪 Fat16. 遗传工程 Genetic Engineering基因克隆 Gene cloning基因编辑 Gene editing转基因技术 Genetic modification 17. 生态遗传学 Ecological Genetics种群 Population环境适应性 Environmental adaptation遗传漂变 Genetic drift18. 生物信息学 Bioinformatics基因组学 Genomics蛋白质组学 Proteomics生物数据挖掘 Bioinformatics data mining19. 生物统计学 Biostatistics实验设计 Experimental design数据分析 Data analysis显著性检验 Significance test20. 环境生物学 Environmental Biology环境污染 Environmental pollution生态修复 Ecological restoration生物降解 Biodegradation这份生物学英语中英对照文档旨在帮助您更全面地了解生物学领域的专业术语。
生物类中英文术语对照
第一章细胞遗传学基础细胞（cell）细胞膜（cell membrane）质膜（plasma membrane，plasmalemma）细胞质（cytoplasm）细胞器（organelle）基质（cytoplasmic matrix）线粒体（mitochondria）内质网（endoplasimic，ER）粗面内质网（rough reticulum，rER）滑面内质网（smooth endoplasmic reticulum，sER）高尔基体（Golgi body）中心体（centrosome）核糖体（ribosome）附着核糖体（attached ribosomes）游离核糖体（free ribosomes）核膜（nuclear membrane）核基质（nuclear matrix）核液（nuclear sap）核仁（nucleolus）染色质（chromatin）常染色质（euchromatin）异染色质（heterochromatin）结构异染色质（constitutive heterochromatin）兼性异染色质（facultative heterochromatin）染色体（chromosome）着丝粒（centromere）主缢痕（primary constriction）中着丝粒染色体（metacentric chromosome）近中着丝粒染色体（submetacentric 近端着丝粒染色体（subtelocentric 端着丝粒（te locentric chromosome）次缢痕（secondary constriction）随体（satellite）端粒（telomere）核小体（nucleosome）螺线体（solenoid）单倍体（haploidy）多倍体（polyploid）异源多倍体（allopolyploid）同源多倍体（autopolyploid）双精受精（disperm y）合子（zygote）组成型多倍体（constitutional polyploid）缺倍体（nulliploid）非整倍性（aneuploi dy）亚倍体（hypoploid）单体性（monosomy）缺对性（nullisomy）超二倍体（hyperploid）三体性（trisomy）双三体性（ditrisomy）四体性（tetrasomy），染色体不分离（nondisjunction）后期延迟（anaphase lag）后期延迟运动（delayed movement，lagging）混倍性（mixoploidy）镶嵌型（mosaicism）嵌合型（chimerism）细胞（cell）细胞膜（cell membrane）质膜（plasma membrane，plasmalemma）细胞质（cytoplasm）细胞器（organelle）基质（cytoplasmic matrix）线粒体（mitochondria）内质网（endoplasimic，ER）粗面内质网（rough reticulum，rER）滑面内质网（smooth endoplasmic reticulum，sER）高尔基体（Golgi body）中心体（centrosome）核糖体（ribosome）附着核糖体（attached ribosomes）游离核糖体（free ribosomes）核膜（nuclear membrane）核基质（nuclear matrix）核液（nuclear sap）核仁（nucleolus）染色质（chromatin）常染色质（euchromatin）异染色质（heterochromatin）结构异染色质（constitutive heterochromatin）兼性异染色质（facultative heterochromatin）染色体（chromosome）着丝粒（centromere）主缢痕（primary constriction）中着丝粒染色体（metacentric chromosome）近中着丝粒染色体（submetacentric 近端着丝粒染色体（subtelocentric 端着丝粒（te locentric chromosome）次缢痕（secondary constriction）随体（satellite）端粒（telomere）核小体（nucleosome）螺线体（solenoid）超螺线体（super solenoid）核型（karyotype）核型分析（karyotype analysis）核型模式图（idiogram）C分带（centromere banding）Q分带（quinacrine banding）G分带（Giemsa banding）R分带（reverse banding）N分带（N banding）高分辨显带（high-resolution banding）细胞周期（cell cycle）间期（interphase）有丝分裂（mitosis）减数分裂（meiosis）有丝分裂期（M phase）细线期（leptonema）凝线期（synizesis）偶线期（zygonema）联会（synapsis）联会复合体（synapt onemal complex，SC）粗线期（pachynema）双价体（bivalent）双线期（diplonema）交叉端化（terminalization of chiasmata）终变期（diakinesis）浓缩期（diakinesis）染色体重建（chromosome reconstruction）缺失（deletion）重复（duplication）倒位（inversion）易位（translocation）中间缺失（interstitial deletion）假显性现象（pseudo dominance）顺接重复（tandem duplication）反接重复（reverse duplication）不等交换（unequal crossing over）剂量效应（dosage effect）臂内倒位（paracentric inversion）臂间倒位（pericentric inversion）简单易位（simple translocation）相互易位（reciprocal transloca tion）移位易位（shift translocation）复合易位（complex translocation）等臂染色体（isochromosome）第二章分子遗传学基础基因gene 外显子exon内含子intron 基因组genome密码子codon 起始密码子initiator同义密码子synonym 多义密码子ambiguous codon核糖体ibosome 表观基因组学epigenomics启动子promoter 增强子enhancer沉默子silencer 化学修饰chemical modification基因突变gene mutation) 碱基base回复突变reversion) 暗修复dark repair)切除修复excision repair) 缺口修复gap repair错配修复mismatch repair 重组recombination同源重组homologous recombination 转座transposition限制性核酸内切酶restriction endonuclease 载体vector第三章免疫遗传学基础免疫力immunity 免疫防immunologic defence自我稳定homeostasis 自身免疫病autoimmune disease非特异性免疫non-special immunity 特异性免疫special immunity免疫应答immune response 细胞免疫应答cellular immune respons 免疫系统immune system 免疫球蛋白mmunoglobulin (Ig)抗体antibody (Ab) 结构域domain型群phenogroup 调理作用opsonization基因簇gene cluster 重组信号序列recombination signal sequence (RSS) 类别转换class switch 同种型转换isotype switch质量性状qualititative character 遗传descendiblity heredity inherit 染色体chromosome 性染色体sex chromosome常染色体euchromosome 伴性遗传sex-linked inheritance限性遗传sex—limited inheritance 从性遗传sex—influenced inheritance 血型blood group 显性上位作用dominant epistasis隐性上位作用recessive epistasis 重叠作用duplicate effect基因座位gene locus 等位基因allele复等位基因multiple alleles 上位基因epistatic gene性连锁基因sex-linked gene 显性性状dominant characters隐性性状recessive characters 育种breeding杂交育种cross breeding 伴性基因sex-linked genes隐性纯合子allozygote 杂合子heterozygote显性基因dominant gene 隐性基因recessive gene就巢性broodiness自别雌雄auto-sexing 骡鸭mule duck测交test cross 隐性致死recessive lethal半致死基因semi-lethal gene 标记基因marker gene父本male parent 母本female parent繁殖力fecundity 遗传效应genctic effect杂交优势heterotic vigor 经济性状practical characters碱基对base pair 遗传缺陷genetic defects下位基因hypostatic gene 基因文库gene library完全显性complete dominance 不完全显性incomplete dominance共显性codominance 连锁遗传linkage inheritance数量性状quantitative trait 表型值phenotypic value基因型值genotypic value 数量性状基因座quantitative trait locus主效基因major gene 上位效应epistatic effect系统环境效应systimatic evirenmental effect 随机环境效应randomatic envirenmental effect 加性效应additive effect 显性效应dominance effect育种值breeding value 重复力repeatability遗传力heritability 遗传相关g enetic correlation表型相关phenotypic correlation 环境相关environmental correlation广义遗传力heritability in the broad sense 狭义遗传力heritability in the narrow sense实现遗传力realized habitability最大可能生产力most Probable Producing Ability (MPPA)持久性环境效应permanent environment effect暂时性环境效应temporary environmental coefficient组内相关系数intra-class correlation coefficient最大似然法maximum Likelihood ( ML)约束最大似然法restricted Maximum likelihood (REML)最小范数二次无偏估计法minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (INQUE)最小方差二次无偏估计法minimum variance quadratic unbiased estimation, (MIVQUE)最佳线性无偏预测best Linear unbiased prediction (BLUP)最佳线性无偏估计best linear unbiased estimation (BLUP)混合模型方程mixed model equation (ME)方差分析analysis of variance (ANOV A) 类方差分析法ANOV A-like method第六章动物生长发育的规律生长growth 生长中心growth center 发育development胚胎期term of embryo 生后期term of birth after累积生长accumulation growth 相对生长relative growth绝对生长absolute growth 生长波growth wave第七章性别决定与性别控制雄异配型male heterogamety 雌异配型female heterogamety异配性别heterogametic sex 同配性别homogametic sex性反转sex-reversal 半合基因hemizygous gene从性遗传sex-conditioned inheritance 限性遗传sex-limited inheritanc伴性遗传或性连锁遗传sex-linked inheritance睾丸决定因子(TDF) testis determining factor拟（伪）常染色体区域( PAR) pseudoautosomal-regionY染色体性别决定区sex-determiningregion of Y chromosome第二性征（副性征）secondary sexual character第八章遗传病与遗传病控制染色体病chromosomal disease 线粒体遗传病mitochondrial disease单基因遗传病monogenetic disease 多基因遗传病polygenetic or multigene disorder 失显non penetrance 不完全外显incomplete dominance不规则外显irreqular dominance并蹄syndactylism 多趾polydactylism性连锁遗传病sex-linked disorder 抗病育种breeding for disease resistance性转变sex reversal 诱变剂mutagen断裂剂clastogen 致畸剂teratogen猪的应激综合征porcine stress syndrome (PSS)恶性高热综合症milignant hyperthermia syndrome (MHS)常染色体显性遗传autosomal dominant disorder常染色体隐性遗传病autosomal recessive disorder第九章畜禽品种物种species 品种breed 品系strain, line专用品种special-purpose breed 兼用品种dual-purpose breed海福特牛Hereford 夏洛莱牛charolais利木赞牛limousine 安格斯牛angus阿伯丁-安格斯牛aberdeen-angus 契安尼娜牛chianina荷斯坦牛Holstein 中国荷斯坦牛china holstein西门塔尔牛Simmental 尼里-拉维水牛nili-ravi世界西门塔尔牛联合会WSF 澳洲美利奴羊australian merino丹麦红牛danish red 摩拉水牛murrah婆罗门牛Brahman 圣格鲁迪牛santa gertrudis肉牛王beefmaster 婆朗格斯牛brangus婆罗福特牛braford 西门婆罗牛simbrah夏白雷ch arbray辛地红牛red sindhi纯血马thoroughbred 阿尔登马ardennes超细毛型super fine merino 细毛型fine merino中毛型medium wool merino 强毛型strong wool merino罗姆尼羊romney marsh 无角陶赛特羊poll dorset萨福克羊Suffolk 诺福克羊norfolk考力代羊corriedale 夏洛莱羊charollais萨能山羊sannen安哥拉山羊angora goat努比亚山羊Nubian 波尔山羊boer goat大白猪large white 长白猪landrace杜洛克猪duroc 汉普夏猪hampshire皮特兰猪pietrain隐性白羽鸡recessive white来航鸡leghorn 罗斯褐蛋鸡ross brown layer海波罗肉鸡hybro broilers 咔叽·康贝尔鸭khaki campbell ducks 枫叶鸭maple ducks 樱桃谷肉鸭cherry valley meat ducks 莱茵鹅rhine geese 郎德鹅landoise geese王鸽king pigeons 非洲鸵鸟african ostriches美国七彩雉鸡american seven-colour common pheasants第十章动物生产性能测定生产性能测定performance testing猪应激综合征porcine stress syndrome （PSS）测定站测定station test 场内测定on-farm test肉用家畜butcher’s beast肉嫩度meat tenderness体尺测量body measurement 线性外貌评定linear classification system 产奶量milk yield 排乳速度milking rate产蛋性能egg laying performance 蛋品质egg quality羊毛品质wool quality 繁殖性能breeding performance第十一章质量性状选择原理与方法质量性状qualitative trait 选择selection显性基因dominant gene 隐性基因recessive gene伴性遗传sex-linked inheritance 测交test cross随机交配群体mendelian population or randomized mating population检验概率probability of detection第十二章数量性状的选择原理与方法多性状的选择multiple-trait selection 单性状的选择single trait selection间接选择indirect selection 直接选择direct selection表型值phenotypic value 选择差selection differential选择反应selection response 选择强度selection intensity选择指数selection index 顺序选择tandem selection独立淘汰independent Culling （level）家系family家系内选择intra-family selection 家系选择family selection遗传进展genetic gain 数量遗传学quantitative genetics阈模型threshold model 阈性状threshold trait阈值threshold value 遗传同化genetic assimilation第十三章个体遗传评定分子血缘相关阵numerator relationship matrix估计育种值estimated breeding value （EBV）估计传递力estimated transmitting ability （ETA）相对育种值relative breeding value （RBV）最佳线性无偏预测best linear unbiased prediction （BLUP）混合模型方程组法mixed model equations （MME）综合育种值total breeding value 经济加权值economic weight系谱测定pedigree testing 同胞测定sib testing后裔测定progeny testing 顺序选择法tandem selection独立淘汰法independent culling 综合选择指数selection index动物模型animal model 公畜模型sire model公畜-母畜模型sire-dam model 外祖父模型maternal grandsire model 孟德尔抽样Mendelian sampling 对数据迭代iteration on data生产质量quality of production第十四章交配系统交配体制mating system 交配系统mating system选型交配ssortative mating 同型交配positive assorrtative mating异型交配negative assortative mating 近交衰退inbreeding depression近交inbreeding 远交outbreeding生长growth 繁殖reproduce适应性adaptability 活力vigor敏感susceptible 遗传致死因子hereditary lethals近交系数inbreeding coefficient 亲缘系数coefficient of relationship畸形abnormalities 环境条件critical environmental conditions第十五章杂交体系与杂种优势的利用级进杂交grading crossing 导入杂交Introduction crossing育成杂交rearing crossing 简单经济杂交simple corssing三元杂交three—way crossing 轮回杂交rotational crossing顶交top crossing 生产性双杂交double cross近交系inbred line 专门化品系specialized strain合成系synthetic strain 杂种优势heterosis一般配合力general combining ability 特殊配合力specific combining ability 双列杂交（diallel crossing）合成群体synthetic population相互轮回选择reciprocal recurrent selection第十六章品种与品系培育艾维因avian 单系monooringinator line迪卡delcalb 地方品系local line，local strain地方品种local breed 父系sire line近交系inbred line 母系dam line品系strain，line 品系繁育1ine breeding品种breed 群系polygenesic line通用品系general purpose line 物种species育成杂交crossbreeding for formation a new breed正反交反复选择法reciprocal Recurrent Selection中国荷斯坦牛chinese Holstein 专门化品系specialized line群体遗传学population genetics 基因频率gene frequency基因库gene pool 随机交配random mating遗传漂变genetic drift 群体有效含量population effective size 保种breeds conservation 平均数mean质量性状qualitative character 数量性状quantitative character数量遗传学quantitative genetics 标准差standard deviation加性效应additive effect 显性效应dominant effect变异系数coefficient of variation 相关系数correlation coefficient纯合子homozygote 杂合子heterozygote表型值phenotype value 育种值breeding value遗传力heritability 遗传相关genetic correlation育种breeding 繁育体系breeding & multiplication system纯种purebred 品种退化degeneration品群variety population 群体继代选育法systematic breeding家系family 纯种繁育pure breeding杂交繁育cross breeding 系谱pedigree后裔测验progeny test 种畜breeding stock选种selection 世代间隔generation interval遗传进展genetic progress, genetic advance 个体选择individual selection家系选择family selection 综合指数选择法comprehensive index method 选配mating system 近交inbreeding同质选配mating like to like 异质选配mating unlike to unlike近交系数inbreeding coefficient 杂交crossing杂种crossbred, hybrid 杂种优势heterosis, hybrid vigor配合力combining ability第十七章动物遗传资源保护与利用遗传资源genetic resources 生物多样性genetic diversity物种入侵species invade 形态学morphological平均数mean 变异系数variation coefficient基因频率gene frequency 基因型频率genotype frequency参数parameter 平均杂合度average heterozygosity核苷酸多态性nucleotide polymorphism 系统发育phylogeny数据库database 生态系统ecosystem生物群落biopopulation 基因组genome数据库管理系统database management system 地理信息系geography information system 图象分析系统imaging analysis system 远程登陆Telnet internet家畜livestock 迁徙migration细胞库cell bank 细胞系cell line扩增片段长度多态性amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP）随机扩增多态DNA random amplified polymorphic DNA（RAPD）单位点微卫星多态性single locus microsatellite polymorphism序列标记微卫星sequence marker polymorphic遗传多样性保护genetic diversity conservationDNA单链构象多态性DNA single strand conformational polymorphism核苷酸替代平均数目nucleotide substitution average number第十八章现代生物技术与动物育种生物技术biotechnology 基因工程gene engineering蛋白质工程protein engineering 细胞工程cell engineering发酵工程fermentation engineering 人工授精artificial insemination (AI)胚胎移植embryo transfer ( ET) 核移植nuclear transplantation遗传标记genetic marker 免疫遗传标记immunogenetical marker型群phenogroup生化遗传标记biochemical genetic marker基因组genomics 基因芯片gene chip动物转基因技术transgenic technology or transgenesis第十九章动物育种规划与繁育体系育种规划breeding scheme 育种目标性状breeding goal traits育种目标breeding goal 经济加权系数economic weighting coefficients 遗传差距genetic lag 综合育种值total breeding value时间差距time lag 主动育种群active breeding herd贴现discount 基因流动法gene flow method边际效益marginal profit 传递矩阵transmission matrix育种效益breeding returns 育种投入量breeding costs选择周期cycle of selection 选择通径paths of selection第二十章动物育种数据管理与软件应用育种数据Breeding data 育种记录Breeding records校正因子Adjustment factors 加性校正因子Additive adjustment factors 乘性校正因子Multiplicative adjustment factors 遗传组模型Genetic group model Bartlett’s检验Bartlett’s test Levene's 检验Levene's test计量数据Quantitative data 计数数据Count data无序分类数据Unordered Categorical Data 有序分类数据Ordered Categorical Data方差组分V ariance components 非求导算法Derivative-free algorithmR法Method R 公畜模型Sire model协方差函数Covariance functions 随机回归模型Random regression model动物模型Animal model 重复力模型Repeatability model传递力Transmitting ability 遗传趋势Genetic trend母体效应模型Maternal effect model 母体遗传效应Maternal genetic effect母体永久环境效应Maternal permanent environmental effect最佳线性无偏估计Best linear unbiased estimation (BLUE)最佳线性无偏预测Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP)约束最大似然法Restricted maximum likelihood期望最大化算法Expectation maximum algorithm平均信息算法A verage information algorithm马尔克夫链蒙特卡洛Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)Newton-Raphson（NR）算法Newton-Raphson（NR）algorithmFisher判分法（MSC）Method of scoring (MSC)Choleskey分解Choleskey decomposition数据库管理系统Database management system系统环境因素Systematic environmental factors。
AP生物学词汇
AP生物学词汇Unit 1 The Chemistry of Life 生命中的化学ionic bonding 离子键covalent bonding 共价键hydrogen bonding 氢键polar, (non polar）molecule 极性（非极性）分子monomer 单体polymer 多聚物functional group （有机化学中的）功能团carbohydrate 糖类，碳水化合物protein 蛋白质lipid 脂类nucleic acid 核酸DNA 脱氧核糖核酸RNA 核糖核酸enzyme 生物酶activation energy 反应起始需要的能量Enzymes 酶metabolism 新陈代谢Hydrophobic 疏水的Hydrophilic 亲水的Vinegar 血浆miscible 互溶的Biome 群落isomers 同分异构Cis-trans isomers顺反异构体enantiomers 对映异构体Calorimeter 热量计monosaccharides 果糖Disaccharides 二糖polysaccharide 多糖Glucose 葡萄galactose半乳糖Fructose 果maltose 麦芽Lactose 乳sucrose 蔗Cellulose 纤维素starch 淀粉Chitin几丁质,壳质，角素; glycogen 糖原Glycerol 甘油carboxyl 烃基Testosterone 雄激素estradiol 雌激素Cholesterol 胆固醇phospholipids 磷脂Polymers 聚合物polypeptides 多肽Fibrous 纤维chaperone 伴侣Catabolism 分解代谢anabolism 合成代谢Globular 球状tertiary三级Cofactors 辅助因子coenzymes 辅酶Cooperativity 协同Unit 2 The Cell 细胞prokaryote 原核生物eukaryote 真核生物cell membrane 细胞膜phospholipid bilayer 磷脂双分子层fluid mosaic model （生物膜的）流动镶嵌模型diffusion 扩散osmosis 渗透active transport 主动运输exocytosis 胞吐endocytosis 胞吞organelle 细胞器chloroplast 叶绿体mitochondria 线粒体lysosome 溶酶体ribosome 核糖体cytoskeleton 细胞骨架cellular respiration 细胞呼吸fermentation 发酵，无氧呼吸glycolysis 糖酵解chemiosmosis 化学偶联citric acid (kreb’s) cycle 三羧酸循环oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化electron transport chain 电子传递链lactic acid 乳酸photosynthesis 光合作用autotrophy 自养生物heterotrophy 异养生物light reaction 光反应calvin cycle (dark reaction) 暗反应thylakoid 类囊体stroma 叶绿体基质carbon fixation 固碳（合成糖）的反应Endosymbiosis内共生cytosol 细胞质Prokaryotes 原核eukaryotes真核nucleolus 核仁Ribosomes 核糖体peroxisomes 过氧化物酶Nucleus 核endoplasmic 内质网Vacuoles 液泡，收缩泡Countercurrent exchange 逆流变换hydrophilic 亲水Protein kinase 蛋白激酶Unit 3 Genetics 遗传mitosis 有丝分裂chromosome 染色体interphase 间期prophase 前期metaphase 中期anaphase 后期telophase 末期cytokinesis 胞质分裂meiosis 减数分裂haploid 单倍体diploid 双倍体sister chromatid 姐妹染色单体allele 等位基因dominant 显性recessive 隐性phenotype 表现型genotype 基因型homozygous 纯合子heterozygous 杂合子P,F1,F2 generation 母代，子一代，子二代test cross 测交law of segregation 分离定律law of independent assortment 自由组合定律incomplete dominance 不完全显性codominance 共显性sex-linked 伴性遗传DNA replication DNA复制semi-conservative replication 半保留复制polymerase 复制酶（延长DNA链）replication fork 复制叉okazaki fragment 冈崎片段mutation 突变frame shift 读码框迁移transcription 转录introns 内含子exons 外显子translation 翻译virus 病毒bacteriophage 噬菌体retrovirus 逆转录病毒bacteria 细菌conjugation 接合（通过F因子）transduction 转导（通过病毒）transformation 转化（通过感受态细胞）gene expression 基因表达 operon 操纵子recombinant DNA DNA重组级数restriction enzyme 限制性内切酶plasmid 质粒gel electrophoresis 凝胶电泳PCR polymerase chain reaction 聚合酶链反应DNA sequencing DNA测序Human genome project 人类基因组工程Respiration 呼吸anaerobic 无氧Aerobic 有氧glycolysis 糖酵解Pyruvate 丙酮酸glucose葡萄The citric acid cycle 三烃酸循环synthase 合酶Gradient梯度Unit 4 Mechanisms of evolution 进化原理paleontology 古生物学embryology 胚胎学comparative anatomy 比较解剖学homologous structures 同源性结构analogous structures 同功性结构artificial selection 人工选择natural selection 自然选择bottle-neck effect 瓶颈效应hardy-weinberg equilibrium H-W群体进化平衡（公式）gene drift 基因漂移gene flow 基因扩散allopatric isolation 地理隔离sympatric isolation 非地理隔离divergent evolution 发散式进化convergent evolution 聚合式进化parallel evolution 平行式进化gradualism 渐变式进化punctuated equilibrium 跃进式进化endosymbiotic theory 内共生学说Chlorophylls 叶绿素carotenoids 类胡萝卜xanthophyll 叶黄素，胡萝卜醇phycobillins藻胆素; 青色素antenna pigments 天线色素thylakoids类囊体grana 基粒chemiosmosis 化学渗透photorespiration光呼吸peroxisomes 过氧化物酶体Unit 5 Biological diversity 生物分类和多样性Three domain 生物三界Archaea 古生菌thermophile 嗜热菌halophile 嗜盐菌protist原生生物algae 原生藻diatom 硅藻fungi 真菌moss 苔藓植物fern 羊厥植物gymnosperm 裸子植物angiosperm 被子植物bilateral 体对称invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 有脊椎动物Mitosis 有丝分裂meiosis 减数分裂、成熟分裂Centromere着丝点chromatids 染色单体Interphase 中期Unit 6 Plant form and function 植物结构和功能parenchyma 薄壁组织collenchyma 厚角组织sclerenchyma 厚壁组织vascular tissue 维管组织xylem 木质部phloem 韧皮部sieve tube 筛管细胞companion cell 伴随细胞root 根root hair 根毛cortex 皮质leaf 叶stomata 气孔细胞guard cell 保卫细胞vascular bundle 维管束鞘transpiration 蒸腾作用plant hormone 植物激素auxin 植物生长素apical dominance 顶端优势gibberellin 赤霉素cytokinin细胞分裂素ethylene 乙烯催熟剂abscisic acid (ABA) 脱落酸phototropism 趋光性photoperiodism光周期性Hybrid 杂合homozygous 纯合（pure）Dominant 显性recessive 隐性Law of segregation 分离定律monohybrid 但因子杂种Backcross回交testcross 测交Independent assortment 自由组合pleiotropy 多效性Epistasis 异位显性penetrance 外显率Autosomes 常染色体chromosomes 性染色体Hemophilia 血友病chiasma交叉Pedigree 系谱图mutations 突变Karyotype 染色体组型nondisjunction 不分离Genomic imprinting基因组印迹pleiotropy 多效性Unit 7 Animal form and function 动物生理和功能homeostasis 动态平衡，稳态respiratory System 呼吸系统gill 鳃lung 肺hemoglobin 血红蛋白circulatory System 循环系统open circulatory system 开放循环系统closed circulatory system 闭合循环系统heart 心脏atria 动脉ventricle 静脉valve 心瓣pulmonary circuit 肺循环systemic circuit 体循环capillary 毛细血管RBC 红细胞WBC 白细胞platelet 血小板plasma 血浆excretory system 泌尿系统urea 尿素uric acid 尿酸digestive system 消化系统salivary amylase 唾液淀粉酶pharynx 咽stomach 胃pepsin 胃蛋白酶small intestine 小肠pancreas 胰腺liver 肝脏gall bladder 胆large intestine 大肠nervous system 神经系统peripheral （神经）末梢区域的animal behavior 动物行为FAP (sign stimlulus) 应激反应imprinting 印随classical conditioning 经典条件作用，条件反射operant conditioning 操作性条件反射habituation 条件适应Template 模板polymerase 聚合酶Helicases 解旋酶topoisomerases拓扑异构酶Telomeres 端粒telomerase 端粒酶Triplet 三个一组transcription 转录Initiation 开始sickle cell anemia 镰刀性贫血Bacteriophages 噬菌体lytic cycle 裂解周期Virulent phage烈性噬菌体lysogenic cycle溶原化循环Prophage 前噬菌体temperate viruses 弱毒性病毒Retroviruses 逆转录病毒transduction 转导Nucleoid 伪核binary fission 无丝分离Plasmid 质粒operon操纵子Promoter 启动子prions朊病毒Genome 染色体组histones 组蛋白Nucleosome 核小体acetylation乙酰化作用Methylation甲基化epigenetic inheritance 表观遗传Degradation 退化gel electrophoresis凝胶电泳Unit 8 Ecology 生态survivorship curves 生存曲线exponential growth 指数生长carrying capacity （一个环境条件所允许的最大种群数量）负载力r-selected, K-selected 见相关课本predation 捕食者symbiosis 共生mutualism 互利共生commensalism 非互利共生parasitism 寄生biome 生境tropical rain forest 热带雨林savanna 热带稀树大草原temperate grassland 温带草原temperate deciduous forest 温带落叶林desert 沙漠taiga 针叶林tundra 冻原freshwater 淡水生境marine 海水生境primary producer 初级生产者primary consumer 初级消费者secondary consumer 次级消费者tertiary consumer 三级消费者decomposer 分解者food web 食物链ecological pyramid 食物链金字塔eutrophication 富营养化carbon cycle 碳循环water cycle 水循环nitrogen cycle 氮循环phosphorus cycle 磷循环greenhouse effect, global warming 温室效应ozone depletion 臭氧层变薄acid rain 酸雨loss of habitat & biodiversity 生物多样性受损deforestation 森林砍伐和破坏introduced species 外来入侵生物overexploitation 过度开发desertification 沙漠化。
细胞生物学名词英汉对照(翟中和)
细胞生物学名词英汉对照1. 细胞(cell)2. 细胞质(cell plasma)3. 原生质(protoplasm)4. 原生质体(potoplast)5. 细胞生物学(cell biology)6. 细胞学说(cell theory)7. 原生质理论（protoplasm theory）8. 细胞遗传学(cytogenetics)9. 细胞生理学(cytophysiology)10.细胞化学(cytochemistry)11. 分子生物学(molecular biology)12. 分子细胞生物学(molecular biology of the cell)13. 支原体(mycoplasma)14. 结构域(domain)∶15. 模板组装(template assembly)16. 酶效应组装(enzymatic assembly)17. 自体组装(self assembly)18. 引发体(primosome)19. 剪接体(splicesome)20 原核细胞(prokaryotic cell)21. 古细菌(archaebacteria)22. 真细菌(Bacteria, eubacteria)23. 中膜体(mesosome)24. 真核细胞(eucaryotic cell)25. 生物膜结构体系(biomembrane system)26. 遗传信息表达结构系统(genetic expression system)27. 细胞骨架系统(cytoskeletonic system)28. 细胞社会学(cell sociology)细胞质膜与跨膜运输1. 膜(membrane)2. 细胞膜(cell membrane)3. 胞质膜(cytoplasmic membrane)4. 细胞质膜(plasma membrane)5. 生物膜(biomembrane,or biological membrane)6. 膜骨架(membrane skeleton)7. 血影蛋白(spectrin)8. 血型糖蛋白(glycophorin )9. 带3蛋白(band 3 protein)10. 锚定蛋白(ankyrin) 11. 带4.1蛋白(band 4.1 protein)12. 内收蛋白(adducin)13. 磷脂(phospholipids)14. 胆固醇(cholesterol)15. 脂质体(liposome)16. 整合蛋白(integral protein)17. 外周蛋白(peripheral protein)18. 脂锚定蛋白(lipid-anchored)19. 片层结构模型(Lamella structure model)20. 单位膜模型(unit membrane model)21. 流动镶嵌模型(fluid mosaic model)22. 孔蛋白(porin)23. 冰冻断裂(freeze fracture)24. 膜蛋白放射性标记法(radioactive labeling procedure)25. 相变(phase transition)26. 侧向扩散(lateral diffusion)27. 翻转扩散(transverse diffusion)28. 细胞融合(cell fusion)29. 成斑(patching)、成帽(capping)反应30. 光脱色荧光恢复技术(fluorescence recovery after photobleaching FRAP)31. 电子自旋共振谱技术(electron spin-resonance spectroscopy,ESR)32. 细胞运输(cellular transport)33. 胞内运输(intracellular transport)34. 转细胞运输(transcellular transport)35. 膜运输蛋白(membrane transport protein)36. 离子载体(ionophore)37. 短杆菌肽A(gramicidin A)38. 缬氨霉素(valinomycin)39. 扩散(diffusion)40.渗透(osmosis)41. 简单扩散(simple diffusion)42. 促进扩散(facilitated diffusion)43. 通道蛋白(channel protein)44. 电位-门控通道(voltage-gated channels)45. 配体-门控通道(ligand gated channel)46. 胁迫门控通道(stretch-gated channel)47. 载体蛋白(carrier protein)48. 水通道蛋白(aquaporin)49. 运输ATPase(transport ATPase)50. 协同运输(cotransport)51. 磷酸化运输(phosphorylating transport) 细胞通讯1. 细胞通讯(cell communication)2. 信号传导(cell signalling)3. 信号转导(signal transduction)4. 信号分子(signaling molecules)5. 激素(hormone)6. 内分泌信号(endocrine signaling)。
美国高中课程复习笔记AP生物biology
Adaptation 适应性改变Any inherited structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to respond to environmental factors and live to produce offspring is called an adaptation.Evolution 进化The gradual change in a species through adaptations over time is evolution.Growth 生长Growth results in an increase in the amount of living meterial and the formation of new structures.Reproduction 繁殖One of the most obvious of all the characteristics of life is reproduction, the production of offspring.Species 物种A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature.Stimulus 刺激Anything in an organism’s external or internal environment that causes the organism to react is a stimulus.Dependent variable 因变量The condition that any changes in it depend on changes made to the independent variable is called dependent variable.Independent variable 自变量The condition in an experiment that is tested is the independent variable.Ecology 生态学Ecology is the study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment.Ecosystem 生态系统An ecosystem is made up of interacting populations in a biological community and the community’s abiotic factors.Niche 小生境A niche is all strategies and adaptations a species uses in its environment.Autotroph 自养生物An organism that uses light energy or energy stored in chamical compounds to make energy-rich compounds is a producer, or autotroph.Heterotroph 异养生物An organism that cannot make its own food and feeds on other organisms is called a heterotroph.Food chain 食物链A food chain is a simple model that species use to show how matter and energy move through an ecosystem. In a food chain, nutrients and energy move from autotrophs to heterotrophs and, eventually, to decomposers.Limiting factor 限制因素A limiting factor is any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of an organisms.Tolerance 耐受性The ability of an organism to withstand fluctuations in biotic and abiotic environmental factors is known as tolerance.Primary succesion 原生演替The colonization if barren land by communities of organisms is called primary succesion.原生演替（primary succession ）在完全没有植物的基础上，如海洋上隆起的新岛，火山的溶岩流，新形成的湖沼等地方因植物移居发生的演替Carrying capacity 环境容量The number of organisms of one species that an environment can support indefinitely is its carrying capacity.Exponential growth 指数增长Exponential growth means that as a populetion get larger, it also grows at a faster rate.Biodiversity 生物多样性Biodiversity refers to the variety of species in a specific area.Endangered species 濒危物种A species is considered to be an endangered species when its numbers become so low that extinctions is possible.Extinction 灭绝Extinction is the disappearance of a species when the last of its members dies.Diffusion 扩散Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.Organelle 细胞器With the development of better mocroscopes, scientists observed that all cells contain small, specialized structures called organelles, such as mitochondria, chloroplast and ribosme.Nucleus 细胞核The central membrane-bound organelle that manages or controls cellular functions is called the nucleus.Plasma membrane 细胞质膜Plasma membrane is the flexible boundary between the cell and its environment, to allow a steady supply of these nutrients to come into the cell no matter what the external conditions are.Selective permeability 选择通透性Selective permeability is a process in which a membrane allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out.选择透过性专指细胞膜上膜蛋白的选择透过作用。
生物学英语词汇大全了解生物学领域的专业术语和概念
生物学英语词汇大全了解生物学领域的专业术语和概念生物学是研究生命现象和生命规律的一门学科，其中涉及到大量的专业术语和概念。
了解这些术语和概念的含义对于学习和理解生物学非常重要。
以下是一个生物学英语词汇大全，将介绍一些常用的专业术语和概念，帮助读者更好地理解生物学知识。
1. Biology 生物学Biology is the study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment.2. Organism 有机体An organism is any individual living thing, such as a plant, animal, or microorganism.3. Cell 细胞A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.4. DNA 脱氧核糖核酸DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that carries genetic information in organisms.5. Genes 基因Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific proteins and determine an organism's traits.6. Evolution 进化Evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, resulting in the diversity and complexity of organisms seen today.7. Species 物种A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.8. Natural selection 自然选择Natural selection is the process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population over time, based on their fitness and adaptability to the environment.9. Ecosystem 生态系统An ecosystem is a community of living organisms and their physical environment, interacting as a system.10. Photosynthesis 光合作用Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose.11. Respiration 呼吸作用Respiration is the process by which organisms obtain energy from glucose and release carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.12. Prokaryote 原核生物Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.13. Eukaryote 真核生物Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.14. Mitosis 有丝分裂Mitosis is the process of cell division in eukaryotic cells, resulting in two identical daughter cells.15. Meiosis 减数分裂Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in reproductive cells, resulting in the production of haploid gametes.16. Ecology 生态学Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment.17. Food chain 食物链A food chain is a series of organisms that are linked together by their feeding relationships.18. Biodiversity 生物多样性Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including the number of different species, genetic variation within species, and the diversity of ecosystems.19. Genetics 遗传学Genetics is the study of genes, heredity, and the variation of inherited traits in living organisms.20. Biotechnology 生物技术Biotechnology is the use of living organisms or their components to create useful products or solve practical problems.这些是生物学领域中常用的专业术语和概念的英语词汇大全。
分子生物学常见名词解释完全版(中英文对照)
分子生物学常见名词解释完全版（中英文对照)AAbundance (mRNA 丰度）:指每个细胞中mRNA 分子的数目。
Abundant mRNA（高丰度mRNA)：由少量不同种类mRNA组成，每一种在细胞中出现大量拷贝.Acceptor splicing site （受体剪切位点）：内含子右末端和相邻外显子左末端的边界。
Acentric fragment（无着丝粒片段)：（由打断产生的)染色体无着丝粒片段缺少中心粒，从而在细胞分化中被丢失。
Active site(活性位点）：蛋白质上一个底物结合的有限区域。
Allele（等位基因)：在染色体上占据给定位点基因的不同形式。
Allelic exclusion(等位基因排斥):形容在特殊淋巴细胞中只有一个等位基因来表达编码的免疫球蛋白质。
Allosteric control(别构调控）：指蛋白质一个位点上的反应能够影响另一个位点活性的能力。
Alu—equivalent family（Alu 相当序列基因）：哺乳动物基因组上一组序列,它们与人类Alu家族相关。
Alu family (Alu家族)：人类基因组中一系列分散的相关序列，每个约300bp长。
每个成员其两端有Alu 切割位点（名字的由来）.α-Amanitin(鹅膏覃碱)：是来自毒蘑菇Amanita phalloides 二环八肽，能抑制真核RNA聚合酶，特别是聚合酶II 转录.Amber codon (琥珀密码子)：核苷酸三联体UAG，引起蛋白质合成终止的三个密码子之一。
Amber mutation (琥珀突变):指代表蛋白质中氨基酸密码子占据的位点上突变成琥珀密码子的任何DNA 改变.Amber suppressors (琥珀抑制子)：编码tRNA的基因突变使其反密码子被改变，从而能识别UAG 密码子和之前的密码子。
Aminoacyl-tRNA （氨酰-tRNA）:是携带氨基酸的转运RNA，共价连接位在氨基酸的NH2基团和tRNA 终止碱基的3￠或者2￠－OH 基团上。
生物学基本名词详细解释（中英文对照）
生物学基本名词详细解释（中英文对照）生物学基本名词详细解释（中英文对照）/doc/942173810.html,/english/special ity/5091.html组织相容性Histocompatibility字面上讲是指不同组织共存的能力；严格地讲是指所有移植蛋白的一致性，这是阻止移植和器官排斥的需要。
组织相容性的分子基础是修饰几乎所有人类细胞表面的一套移植蛋白。
这些蛋白是由位于6号染色体上的一段称为主要组织相溶性复合体基因，MHC编码的。
这些蛋白高度多态。
例如，它们在不同的人中显示差异。
尽管很多人会有一些相同的MHC分子，极少数人有完全相同的MHC分子。
微小的差别导致这些蛋白质被移植受体的免疫系统识别为外来的而进行破坏。
对成功的移植来说这些蛋白质应该在供体和受体之间相匹配。
双胞胎相配的几率最高，接下来是兄弟姐妹。
在一般人群中只有10万分之一的比例是MHC匹配的，可以允许移植。
Literally, the ability of different tissues to “get along”; strictly, identity in all of the transplantation proteins, which is a requirement for the prevention of graft or organ rejection. The molecular basis of histocompatibility is a set of transplantation proteins that decorate the surface of nearly all human cells. These proteins are encoded by genes that are grouped on a part of chromosome 6 called the major histocompatibility complex, or MHC. These proteins are high ly “polymorphic” i.e., they show variation in different individuals. Although many in dividuals may share some identical MHC molecules, a very low number share all the MHC molecules. The consequence of these minor differences is that these proteins are recognized by the transplant recipient’s immune system as being foreign, and so are targe ted for destruction (since the immune system’s job is toeradicate any foreign proteins or cells that invade the body). For successful transplantation these proteins ideally should be matched between donor and recipient. Twins have the highest rate of matc h, followed by siblings. In the general population only 1 in 100,000 individuals is sufficiently “MHC matched” to another person to allow transplantation.X射线结晶学X-ray Crystallography阐述蛋白质、DNA或其它生物分子的原子水平的三维结构的技术。
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dependent variable 因变量
in an experiment, the condition that results from changes in the independent variable
data 数据
information obtained from experiments, sometimes called experimental results
The Dynamics of Life
1. biology 生物学
Chapter 1&2
The study of life that seeks to provide an understanding of the natural world.
2. organism 生物
Anything that possesses all the characteristics of life; all organisms have an orderly structure, produce offspring, grow, develop, and adjust to changes in the environment.
hypothesis 假设
explanation for a question or a problem that can be formally tested
experiment 实验
procedure that tests a hypothesis by collecting information under controlled condidtions.
environment 环境
biotic and abiotic surroundings to which an organism must constantly adjust; includes air, water, weather, temperature, other organisms and many other ability to cause chance; organisms use energy to perform biological function
adaptation 适应
evolution of a structure, behavior or internal process that enables an organism to respond to environmental factors and live to produce offspring
species 物种
a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature
growth 生长
increase in the amount of living material and formation of new structures in an organism; a characteristic of all living things
homeostasis 稳态
organisms regulation of its internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for survival; a characteristic of all living things. process of maintaing equilibrium in cells internal environments
evolution 进化
gradual change in a species through adaptations over time
scientific method 科学方法
procedures that biologists and other scientists use to gather information and answer questions, include observing and hypothesizing, experimenting and gathering and interpreting results.
control 控制
in an experiment, the standard against which results are compared.
independent variable 自变量
in an experiment the condition that is tested because it affexts the outcome of the experiment
technology 科技
application of scientific research to societys needs and problems
stimulus 刺激
anything in an organisms internal or externaml environment that causes the organism to react
response 反应
an organisms reaction to a chance in its internal or external environment
anization 组织
orderly structure of cells in an organism; a characteristic of all living things
reproduction 繁殖
production of offspring by an organism; a characteristic of all living things