四级辅导写作讲义 - 副本
葛四级写作 副本.ppt
Economy and Environmental Protection
The Development of Life-Long Education
(3) OPrnivlianteeecdaurscation
要求：内容切题，正确表达思想，意思连 贯，无重大语法错误。
2003年1月
给出题目
Directions: For this part, your are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.
1) 下图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间：1990年（2 hours）、1995年（5 hours）、2000年（20 hours），请描述其 变化
2) 请说明发生这些变化的原因 （可从计算机的用途、价格或 社会发展等方面加以说明
3) 你认为目前大学生在计算机 使用中有什么困难或问题）
关键词
has been playing
an increasingly important role in our
day-to day life.
Your View on Learning through the net
Advantage and disadvantage of Private Cars
(4) Along with the development of education, more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that
刘彬四六级vip讲义_阅读、写作30页
形容词后面一般接名词 c. There were some bad _____. （形容词后面一般跟名词，而且此时是复数形式）
介词短语结构： d. without guides or even _____ bookings（介词短语中不能出现谓语动词，此时 bookings
是名词，应该找个形容词性的单词）
make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest __50__, the greenest home is
the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from
For both 50-minute scans, the volunteers had a cell phone ___fixed__ to each ear.（have sth done：）
3、注意事项：
1） 2）
3)
2010 年 6 月四级真题
When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones – the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled
空前、空后都是形容词：并列关系 f. To make tomorrow a little better, Feeding America, the nation’s largest ______ hunger-relief organization, has chosen September as Hunger Action Month.（前后都是形容 词词，中间要填进去的也是形容词）
四六级写作与翻译讲义
四级写作讲义负面现象类作文描述图画人：man、the aged,couple,dealers(商贩)、official、graduate young adult、youngsters、passer-by、boss、journalist、merchant(商人)、love-dedicator(爱心人士)、producer、parents、customer/consumer、driver、individuals.表情怎样：disappointed、furious(生气的)、frustrated=gloomy distressed极度痛苦的、excited、enjoyable、astonished、helpless、unconcerned（apathetic）、restless、confused（perplexed）在做什么：成因终极万能素材政策漏洞：policy bug监管不到：weak supervision of/from authorities concerned不良社会风气：undesirable general mood of society(后果)激烈的竞争：fierce competition扭曲的价值观：distorted value towards life不恰当的教育理念：inappropriate notion of education自私自利：egoism求同思维：convergent thinking缺乏责任感、自我约束：lack of/lacking social responsibility and self-discipline缺乏基本的道德良心：lack of/lacking basic ethics/morality and conscience支撑句：举例(for example)后果的终极万能素材可持续性发展（个人、经济、社会）：sustainable development of……社会风气：general mood of society,social harmony and stability 身心健康：mental and physical health个人成长：personal growth/sound growth建议（to do sth）政府：issue related laws and regulations颁布相应的法规enhance supervision媒体：advocate and publicize the notion/virtue倡导宣传（价值观/理念/美德）个人：foster the notion/virtue deliberately有意识地培养理念/美德enhance/consolidate self-discipline.加强自我约束release pressure减压welfare福利观点类作文万能利弊模板素材：1、容易成功achieve success more easily遭受到失败和挫折suffer form failure and adversity.2、获得成就感/满足感/幸福感Acquire sense of achievement/contentment/happiness3、得到他人的尊敬obtain respect from others4、享受良好的人际关系Enjoy harmonious interpersonal relationship.(1—4V.)5、社会风气：general mood of society6、可持续性发展：sustainable development7、个人成长：personal growth8、身心健康：mental and physical health(5-8n.)万能引用人生高贵品质：quantity virtue人生宝贵经验：concept/awareness/notion正面观点：Just as a celebrity once said,……品质1）”Credibility is a fairest blossom,which springs from the soul.”2）”Life without optimism is like a sailing without wind.”3）”The spirit of___is like a shining star enlightening the firmament of humanity.”…….像一颗闪亮的星，点亮了人性的苍穹。
大学英语四级作文讲义
大学英语四级作文讲义一. 大学英语四级写作评分标准考生在考试时应该明确作文的评分标准，根据大纲规定，短文的评分标准是：1．正确表达思想；2．意义连贯；3．无重大语法错误。
这三者是互补的，但又各有侧重。
为评分的方便，国家考题组又将评分原则归纳为八个字，即“总体评分”和“综合评判”，并作了相应的解释。
前者指的是“阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分”。
后者指的是“要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍，用词和造句是否清楚确切地表达思想”。
根据这八个字，又将阅卷标准分为五等：2分，5分，8分，11分及14分，每一等都可上下浮动一分，各等的具体标准如下：2分--条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
5分--基本切题。
表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差。
有较多的严重语言错误。
8分--基本切题。
表达思想比较清楚，文字尚连贯；但语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误。
11分--切题。
表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。
14分--切题。
表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。
基本无语言错误。
除了以上五个主要标准之外，评分时还考虑以下三个因素：l．白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给零分。
2. 字数（120-180）不足者酌情扣分(81-89个词扣1分，7l-80个词扣2分，61-70个词扣3分，51一60个词扣4分，不足50个词最多只给5分)。
所计字数不包括卷面上已给主题句。
3．只写一段者0-4分，只写两段者0-9分。
二．历年真题分析：13年6月(共三套)：第一套为图表作文，图表上的文字为：No offense, but by the time we’re in the job market, won’t that stuff be outdated?第二套也为图表作文，图表上是一对父子的对话。
四级讲座英语作文模板
四级讲座英语作文模板Level 4 Lecture English Essay Template。
Introduction。
Begin with a hook: a compelling statement, question, or statistic that grabs the reader's attention.Briefly introduce the topic of the essay.State your main argument or thesis statement in a clear and concise manner.Body Paragraph 1。
Present the first key point that supports your main argument.Use evidence from credible sources such as research studies, expert opinions, or historical events.Explain how this evidence supports your point.Provide specific examples or case studies toillustrate your point.Body Paragraph 2。
Present the second key point that supports your main argument.Follow the same structure as Body Paragraph 1, providing evidence, explanations, and examples.Consider using a contrasting viewpoint or addressing a potential counterargument.Body Paragraph 3 (Optional)。
专业英语四级写作讲义
专业英语四级写作讲义-第一部分：专业英语四级写作题型1）旧题：Direction-Write2）新题：Read-Summarize-CommentRead carefully the following except on term-time holiday arguments in the U.K. and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should: •summarize the main message of the except, and then•comment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during term time in order to save money.第二部分：不变1）题材●环保、社会经济发展、诚信、文化）●教育择业、人生哲理（价值观）●爱心和伦理、健康、网络电讯2）核心内容（开篇点题-关联词-核心例证）第三部分：变●第一段●做题流程第四部分：做题流程1）阅读：首尾、转折、否定2）归纳主旨、看出写作题材3）第一段：模板+主题词●不能没有模板（原创的危险性）●也不能只背模板句●模板和文章指向内容相融合4）第二段：提供相应例证对于主题进行支持5）第三段：呼应第一段As one of your tenants, I am writing to kindly inform you that I feel awfully sorry for what had happened. Last night I had a bitter quarrel with my girlfriend Niki who co-lives with me in the Charles Street, Boston, MA. When I was playing the League of Legends with my team on your Alien computer,she came to the living room, urging me to work harder for the United States Medical Licensing Examination. Immediately, I felt extremely impatient and anxious. Unfortunately, I couldn’t help pushing her on the abdomen. This bitch suddenly ran wild, up my iphone 7 plus from the dinner table and threw it right on my nose, saying “Your mother fucker! Asshole! ” Abnormally, I dodged unconsciously and that mobile phone narrowly flew over the tip of my left eyebrow, smashing your computer screen spontaneously.例子：首尾It is a warm autumn morning, and I am walking through downtown Mountain View, Calif. A small vehicle that looks like a cross between a golf cart and a bubble-topped spaceship glides to a stop at an intersection. Someone is sitting in the passenger seat, but no one seems to be sitting in the driver seat. How odd, I think. And then I realize I am looking at a Google car. The technology giant is headquartered in Mountain View, and the company is road-testing its diminutive autonomous cars there. This is my first encounter with a fully autonomous vehicle on a public road.The Google car waits patiently as a pedestrian passes in front of it. Another car across the intersection signals a left-hand turn, but the Google car has the right of way. The automated vehicle takes the initiative and smoothly accelerates through the intersection. The passenger, I notice, appears preternaturally calm.I am both amazed and unsettled. I have heard from friends and colleagues that my reaction is not uncommon. A driverless car can challenge many assumptions about human superiority to machines.例子：转折词不见得是But, However, Nevertheless,It is frequently assumed that/the mechanization of work has a revolutionaryeffect/on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex ... into public industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization's effects, but they agreed that it would transform women's lives.In fact, historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, seriously question this assumption of transforming power.注意以下词汇：1）但是：But, However, Nevertheless2）实际上：In fact, Actually, As a matter of fact, Indeed3）让步：though, even though, although4）惊奇、不幸、讽刺：astonishingly, surprisingly, stunningly, startlingly, unfortunately, ironically5）Instead of, rather than结论：1）读很重要，没有观点，无法写好第一段2）找到主旨，第一段填空The essay mainly discusses the issue of a fully automatic automobile in Mountain View, California. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and an in-depth analysis, the author states that a driverless car can change the traditional idea that human wisdom can be superior to the machines, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.54 words3）关键是第二段4）讲课顺序：●怎么套第一段●第二段应该怎么想●怎么背第五部分：怎么套第一段1）第一句话：5-8秒2）第二句话：抓住议论文的特点，用模板句过渡3）总结文章的主题，形成填空The essay mainly discusses the issue of a fully automatic automobile in Mountain View, California. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and an in-depth analysis, the author states that a driverless car can change the traditional idea that human wisdom can be superior to the machines, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.54 words4）如何填空●定名词，不要乱换●换动词，换（消）形容词●换句型和语序例子：The essay mainly discusses the issue of a fully automatic automobile in Mountain View, California. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and an in-depth analysis, the author states that a driverless car can change the traditional idea that human wisdom can be superior to the machines, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.54 wordsThe essay mainly discusses the effects of mechanization effects on the individuals and society. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and an in-depth analysis, the author states that the power of machines cannot greatly change the women’s lives, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.54 wordsquestion: …the transforming power of machines on the women’s lives is questionable.第六部分：定住第一段，才能写好第二段1）如何进行头脑风暴物质金钱责任爱心作息娱乐健康方便快捷沟通安全时尚素质成功违法文化发展环保趋势管制2）背诵顺序●先宏观题材●再微观题材●注意人生哲理和教育择业（和八级考试类似）第七部分：各种题材的写法题材1：社会经济发展写作思路第一段：表态第二段：分析好处：调整产业结构-整合资源-增加政府税收-增加就业-改善基建设施-国际化形象问题：环保-交通堵塞-出行不便-恐怖袭击第三段：建议措施：建立机制-制定计划-听专家的-媒体-万能结尾句旧题目的考法：Tourism is a booming business in China. However, some people worry that too many tourists may bring harm to the environment, while others don't think so. What is your opinion? Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:新题目的考法：So many places in the world rely heavily on tourism as a key source of income and employment nowadays, as well as a way of showing off national and local heritage, plus perceived successes.Unfortunately, tourism can also be a source of problems too, especially if it is not managed correctly. A constant flow of foreign visitors can, for instance, undermine the beauty, uniqueness, character, and social coherence of a tourist destination over time.It is easy to underestimate the scale of world tourism without being aware of the figures. There were estimated to be around 983 million international tourist arrivals In 2011 —this is nearly a 5 percent increase on the numbers in the previous year.Travelers in those sorts of numbers can easily present huge challenges and problems for many destinations, including transport, places to stay, policing, and maintenance.参考范文The essay above mainly discusses the advantages (benefits) and disadvantages (drawbacks) of tourism development. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and in-depth analysis, the author holds that tourism industry is of great importance (indispensable) for a nation under rapid economic growth. In this process, the importance of environmental protection cannot be ignored, as can beseen in the following paragraphs.There’s no denying the fact that (Evidently/Beyond doubt/Undeniably,) there exist some problems such as air quality degradation and water pollution. The most serious ones even include the loss of local ecological balance (a terrorist attack), while the minor ones are the commuting inconvenience to the local residents. This statement does have a grain of truth at the first glimpse. But it must be pointed out that the social and economic return of tourism is attractive. For one thing, in the process of developing this industry, a tourist city can not only pool its various resources, but also adjust its industrial structure. In this way, infrastructure construction can be greatly strengthened, hence providing a solid basis to the sustaining urban growth. For another thing, tourism growth will provide new incentive to the local economy, because its boom often becomes a source of government revenue as well as a provider of job opportunities. To conclude, the influence of encouraging tourism industry is far reaching, in terms of social development and economic reward （international image）.To sum up, it is essential that a country provide mechanism for the development of tourism industry. To bring its negative influence under control, the government department can make plans for the environmental conservation. In this way, a tourist city can impress the outside world with its new image: a place with beautiful scenes, meanwhile, with a high level of civilization.补充好词好句：“万能”结尾段：模板和主题指向相结合1）建立机制：In the issue of 主题词 (misleading information and empty promises in the advertisements), it is essential that an effective feedback mechanism (should) be set up at the government level.2）制定计划：In this framework, the relevant government departments are supposed to make concrete plans to control … (promote …).3）听专家的话：Meanwhile, advice from researchers and experts cannot be ignored:After all, they are more professional and qualified, especially in the process of policy making (in the establishment of quality standard system).4）媒体的力量：The mainstream media, including TV stations and websites, is also an indispensable part. They can launch a campaign in (give a wide coverage to) the issue. In this way, the general public can form the awareness that … is the mainstream (the general trend), and then play their part in this matter. 5）结尾1: In a sense, it is not why the issue exists in our society, but what should be done to handle it properly.6）Having read this essay, some readers might think that my proposals are somewhat conservative, no less traditional, but they are at least rational and realistic. 7）My advices sound general, because I am not professional in this field, but they are at least rational and realistic.题材2：环保写作思路第一段：表态第二段：分析好处：调整产业结构-整合资源-增加政府税收-增加就业-改善基建设施-国际化形象问题：为了利润-不自律-不负责-没责任感-政府不管-破坏-消失第三段：建立机制…写作练习题：大气雾霾防治（引文略）The essay above mainly discusses the issue of air pollution in a large city under rapid development. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and in-depth analysis, the author holds that the elimination of PM 2.5 is of great importance for a nation, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.Evidently, as a country with rapid economic development, China has to various resources, adjusting its industrial structure. In this background, economicactivities are the most important in the national strategy. In this process, air pollution is almost inevitable. This statement does have a grain of truth at the first glimpse, but it must be pointed out that some industries, such as mining sectors and steam plants and metallurgical factories, often lack self-discipline in their daily business operation, discharging various kinds of air pollutants into the atmosphere. For another thing, their responsibility of environmental protection is seldom truly performed. In this situation, under a slack supervision system, these activities are bringing a negative influence to the urban development. The environment is being ruined in many large cities. Clean air and blue sky are gradually vanishing from these regions.On the basis of the analysis, effective measures can be taken as following. First, the central authority of China is supposed to provide a control mechanism so that air pollution can be limited, but the incentive of economic growth is maintained. Second, the government department must make concrete plans to control pollutant emission. Third and last, it is essential that new technologies be developed, the most reliable method to change the whole situation. My advices sound general, because I am not professional in this field, but they are at least rational and realistic.题材3：诚信话题思路：1）便利-效率-安全2）金钱-自律操守-责任-管制-破坏-消失原文：After supper, most people would sit on the sofa and watch TV programs with families. And there is one thing always annoying people-TV commercial. TV commercial is such a thing which almost involved every TV grogram and every person's life. Some people claimed that TV commercials should be eliminated because TV programs misleadpeople to buy some useless products, it caused a lot of waste.In order to hook the potential consumers, some TV ads choose ambiguous introductory statements to highlight the so-called special performance of their products. In this case, many TV viewers often receive the information passively, thus very often paying for a product which doesn’t meet their potential demand.But sometimes TV commercial does bring us some conveniences. First is that TV station needs money to make more interesting programs. The business men give them money and they insert the TV commercials inside their programs-that's a fairly deal. The second is that TV commercials also provide people with some useful information. People could know what products are popular currently and what they should buy through the information. The last is that TV commercials give people a chance to have a break when they are watching an excellent TV program. You can have a rest, go fetch some foods or go to toilet without missing any interesting things.参考范文：题目转化为：Nowadays TV commercials are gaining increasing popularity in our lives. What are their advantages and drawbacks? Give your opinion.第一段：Some people think that, other people think that并不好写Recently, there emerged a social highlight, that is, various kinds of advertisements are gaining more popularity in our lives. Some people believe that their benefits outweigh the so-called problems, while others argue that the opposite might be true. By comparison, I agree with the latter point of view for the reason as following.Evidently, advertisements are indispensable in our lives，providing the consumers with convenience and efficiency (或者a wealth of information such as the size and function of a product. However, it must be pointed out that (those who disagree with such a point of view emphasize that) some drawbacks of TV commercials cannot be overlooked, particularly misleading information, false message or emptymessage they probably provide. Under a slack supervision system, the lack of occupational self-discipline among some advertisement companies will probably bring a negative influence to the market: the reputation of the whole industry is being ruined, and the faith to quality foods is gradually vanishing from the consumer groups.To sum up, I’d like to emphasize my point of view. I believe that consumers can benefit greatly from advertisements on TV. However, despite the fact that there might be some advantages, it is still necessary that some feedback mechanism should be set up at the government level. In this framework, a serried of plans can be make in order to control those misleading TV commercial into the market. Meanwhile, researchers and experts must play their part in this issue: they are more professional and qualified, particularly in the establishment of standard system. My proposals might be conservative, but it is at least rational and realistic.题材4：文化和时尚思路：1）时尚：便利-效率-简洁-消费-时尚2）文化：历史-智慧-遗产-形象-价值-过时题目：Traditional Chinese characters r simplified Chinese characters?PART ⅥWRITINGShould we revive traditional Chinese characters orcontinue using simpli fied characters? This has been an intensely discussed question for ye ars. The following are the supporters' and opponents' opinions. Read carefully the opinions fromboth sides and writer your response in no less than 200 words, in which you should firstsummarize the opinion s from both sides and give your view on the issue.YESTraditional characters, which date back to more than 2000 years ago, have a more beautifulappearance and a more reasonable structure. As indicated by examples, traditional characters make more sense, convey traditional values and can thereforerepresent traditional culture.For two millennia, Chinese historical records and classic works were written in traditionalcharacters. To be able to read them and inherit traditional culture, we need to bringtraditional characters back. Politically, it is also necessary to restore traditional Chinese chara cters. Currently, traditionalcharacters are still in used in Hong Kong, Taiwan and many Chinese communities around theworld. Restoring them can contribute to cross-Str aits exchanges and national reunification andunite Chinese people aroun d the world.NOIn today's world, efficiency matters most. Traditional characters, whic h usually have morestrokes than simplified ones, are more difficult t o learn. By contrast simplified, characters aremuch easier to learn and use.Over the past 50 years, lots of classic texts have been turned into simplified-characterversions, which means simplified-character can also promote and preserve traditional culture.Constant simplification has been a trend in the evolution of Chinese characters. From theoracle bones script of 3000 years ago to tradit ional characters, the Chinese writing systemhas always been slimming d own for better communication.参考范文：As is shown in the essay above, simplified Chinese characters become increasingly important in the modern society. However, the influence of traditionalones cannot be ignored. People might vary in their views in this matter, but simplified characters are the trend in the future, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.There’s no denying the fact that those traditional Chinese characters have a long history in a country like China, and they are still being used in some other parts (regions) of China. These characters can either be regarded as a symbol of ancient civilization, but also represent an element of national heritage. Nevertheless, it must be pointed out that simplified language system is indispensable for a nation under rapid development. For one thing, efficiency is the key note in this transformation. For another thing, productiveness plays a key role in various kinds of economic and social activities. As a result, it is inevitable that language changes into an open and direct pattern in order to achieve face-to-face communication. In this situation, simplified Chinese characters are the primary choice (option) for many people, even though traditional ones also have a folk value in a country.To sum up, I’d like to emphasize my point of view in the first paragraph. Language will become increasingly simplified along with the social development. This statement might not be conservative, but it is at least rational and realistic, at least in the current social setting in China.(230 words)题材5：爱心关注思路：物质金钱责任爱样文：如果不是对立观点怎么办？December 5th is International Volunteers Day. Since 1985, when the United Nations announced the special day, tens of millions of people around the world havevolunteered to help those in needs. China now has 4.5 million registered volunteers who have provided more than 4.5 billion hours of volunteer work. What can you gain from volunteering?The above mentioned facts show that volunteering is generally considered an altruistic activity where an individual or group provides services for no financial or social gain "to benefit another person, group or organization". Volunteering is also renowned for the improvement of human quality of life. Volunteering may have positive benefits for the volunteer as well as for the person or community served. Many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as medicine, education and emergency. Others serve on an as-needed basis, such as in response to a natural disaster.参考范文The essay above mainly discusses the issue of volunteering in the world. By providing concrete facts and reliable statistics, the author holds that a growing number of people are doing volunteering work in our society. And they are playing an increasingly important (indispensable) part in a civilized society, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.Undeniably, Those who disagree with volunteering might emphasize that people are hard pressed with test results or a tight job market, so it is hard to strike a balance between volunteering and one’s career. Such possibility does exist, but it must be pointed out that the influence of volunteering is still indispensable. The major reason is that such work enables many professional or warm-hearted people them to assist the elders, the young, and the homeless. It follows that the social responsibility and moral obligation can be better carried out. As a result, those disadvantaged groups can receive material support, mental back-up and spiritual comfort.In sum, I believe that people can benefit greatly from their volunteering work. Love is never vague and abstract, but always visible and concrete. Different socialgroups can be brought together, when each citizen extends his helping hand.题材6：身心健康：基本思路：金钱-占用时间-耗费精力-生活颠倒-亚健康选文：如果段落比较难，怎么办？抓名词-代词-连词It seems particularly apropos given our current social climate to pay lip service to stress. We have to deal with it often, despite our best attempts to avoid it. Fortunately some kinds of stress are minor and innocuous, yet others are incendiary and damaging.No matter the scale, the consequence, or the context, understanding how to deal with stress, or say physical and mental pressure, is a life skill. I know that some people are even crippled by the thought of stress. I think that any stress-related fears arise because we are never taught how to grapple with such moments. It’s a shame, and perhaps many a more grave situation could be avoided were we imparted with some resolution and avoidance strategies at an early age.参考范文：追求非模板？不如背（写）模板还没学会走，就不要想着跑。
英语专业四级写作辅[1]...ppt
![英语专业四级写作辅[1]...ppt](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/c607b3c314791711cc7917ef.png)
Letter of thanks (感谢信) A) 对于收信人的恵助表示感谢 B) 解释感谢的原因或因对方的帮助给自己带来的 好处 C) 再次表示诚挚谢意 I don’t know how to express my gratitude for you… (谢意,感谢:thanks, thankfulness, gratitude, gratefulness, appreciation…) I cannot tell you how much I owe you… It was thoughtful (more than kind, generous, etc) of you… Thank you again for your generosity (hospitality, generous help, timely-rain help, etc)…
文体占5% (Write naturally: write in a way that comes naturally.)
Writing Practice: Please write a 200-word composition on the topic below:
Harmony
写作临场发挥“三要素”：
Writing practice:
You lost your favorite walkman on Oct 29th. Your friend found it and brought it back to you yesterday evening. Please write a thank-letter to her/him.
Jack
(56 words)
Letter of Refusal(拒绝信) A) 收到邀请 B)表示感谢 C) 阐述不能赴邀的原因 D) 表示遗憾和美好的祝愿
英语四级写作培训讲义.doc
英语四级写作培训讲义李国庆四级考试从1987年以来已经走过了23个年头。
2006年6月实行新四级考试，12月份开始全国将全面推行新四级考试。
对于新四级考试，我们可以清楚地看到，虽然考试难度较之以前有所偏易，但是考试本身对于英语的全面考察却是加强了。
新四级考试，题型分为写作、快速阅读、听力、基本阅读、选词填空、完型填空和汉译英。
就我个人而言，写作、听力和阅读(快速阅读和基础阅读)是重点，因此考生对于这三部分的得分多少，将直接决定着其考试分数的高低。
下面就让我们学习英语四级的写作一、四级写作的问题(一)存在问题1.不会写所谓不会写指的是，当考试拿过一篇文章不知如何下手，不知如何提笔进行写作。
笔者认为主要是存在以下两个原因：一是考生的确无话可说;二是心里虽然有话，但是拿捏不准该写哪句为妙。
于是思前想后、犹豫不决，始终不敢提笔进行写作。
2.写不好所谓写不好就是，拿过作文题，没有明确的写作思路，不按套路出牌;或是简单汉语逻辑思维写作，不符合英语写作标准，近而没有文采。
原因在于：第一是平时没有养成良好的写作习惯;第二对于英语写作的句式特点以及整体文章结构框架不了解。
(二)解决办法第一，首先必须熟悉英语四级写作具体要求。
英语四级考试要求考生在30分钟内写出120字的文章。
体材主要有议论文(分为“Topic题型”和A&B又称“正反观点题”)应用文(主要是书信)、图表文等。
针对不同的体裁，写作思路是不同的。
比如，以议论文举例来说：1.议论文写作思路2.议论文分类：阐述主题型作文(Topic);正反观点型作文(A&B)3.阐述主题型作文写作：(这类题型作文要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述)4. 正反观点型作文(A&B)(这类题型作文通常从正反两方面来分别论述，最后得出你自己的结论。
采用论点加论据写作形式。
)第二，熟悉英语写作的几个重要概念。
1.英语文章段落结构特点英语文章段落结构一般有三部分构成：主题句+扩展句+结尾句(1)主题句：所谓主题句，就是英语文章段落的中心思想句。
2019级四级PPT - 副本 - 副本
• He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.
• John, as you know, is a famous writer.
• Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe.
第二步： 整理选项
➢常见的动词词缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成，变成，” 化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2)-en, 表示"使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3)-ify, 表示"使…化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4)-ish, 表示"使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5)-ate, 表示“成为”处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate
• （2） adv. adj. , 即空格处后面是形容词的，空格处应填 入副词。
内在逻辑结构
并列关系：and , or, as well as
转折关系：but , however , on the contrary , rather than 等
比较关系：as…as , like , similar 等
语法词汇专项
• 第二步： 整理选项
➢常见的名词词缀
1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor ,actress, democrat民主党人, 2)-acy, 表示"性质，状态，境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy 3)-ance, -ence 表示"性质， 状况， 行为， 过程， 总量， 程度”importance, diligence, difference, obedience 4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质，状态，行为，过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency, 5)-bility, 表示"动作，性质，状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility, 6)-dom, 表示"等级，领域，状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom 7)-hood, 表示"资格，身份, 年纪，状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood 8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示 " 行为的过程，结果，状况 " action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction 9)-ism, 表示"制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism 10)-ity, 表示"性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity
四级写作补充讲义__石雷鹏
四级写作补充讲义__⽯雷鹏第⼀章总论审题注意三事项：1.体裁+话题2.内容要求：汉语提纲/英⽂提⽰3. 字数：四级140-160/六级170-190写作时间安排：1.审题：识别功能段落2.以关键词形式打草稿3.段落写作：现象、原因、危害、建议、意义、观点4.检查修正第⼆章写作基础⼀、写作⽤词两⽅⾯：1. ⼴度：using a rich variety of words →⽅法：1). 同义反义词；2). 同根词（词性转化）；3). 范畴词：上义词、下义词、相关词（如：题⽬online shopping 的相关词可以是：Internet, shopping websites, customers, online stores, goods）4). 代词替换：某群体those with/ people who如：拥有博⼠学位的⼈群→ those with doctoral degrees/ people who have doctoral degrees2. ⼴度：弃⽤第⼀反映词。
⼆、句⼦写作2.1造句原则：1) 切忌逐字翻译；2）汉语意思—》英⽂结构2.2造句基础：1）简单句：主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓双宾、主谓宾补2）并列句：and/ or/ while/ but3）复合句：名词从句、定语从句、状语从句备注：三种基本句式变体为：陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句等2.3 如何写正确？三个事项：1）词性；2）单复数；3）动词（时态、语态、语⽓）2.4 写作翻译常⽤句式：For CET-41）被动2）名词从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句3）定语从句：写作步骤：1）先写出正确简单句，确定被修饰成分（中⼼名词）2）在中⼼名词后加⼊定从，关系词who, whose, whom, where, which, when4）含同位语句式：1）⼈—》⾝份；Eg. I am convinced that …→ As a college student, I am convinced that 2）物—》性质: A strong will brings us power …→ As a vital quality, a strong will brings us5）it 句式：形式主语1）it is +被动/形容词/名词+that从句/to do …形式宾语2）sb find/ notice it difficult to do …6）there be:7）强调句：1）强调谓语：I love you. -→ I do love you. / I did love you.2) 强调句式：It is +被强调成分+that/who+句⼦其他成分8）（半）倒装：1）表否定的副词、短语或状语位于主语之前或句⾸，主句半倒装(⼀般疑问句语序)；Eg. I will never agree. → Never will I agree.2）Only +状语位于句⾸，主句半倒装When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness.→ Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness.3) As/though倒装形式Although ZYK is a girl, she is called brother Zeng. → Girl as ZYK is, she is called brother Zeng.4）平衡结构性倒装：如图表作⽂⾸句：Given is a chart which clearly illustrates the striking contrast/ relation between _____ and ______.9）双重否定：⽤于强调: no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.The importance of _____ can not be too emphasized. 10）Ving/ Ved状语：I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.→ I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.→ Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.11）with 结构：with+n/pron+adj /ed /ving/ prepa．前⾯有逗号，与整个句⼦隔开：充当整个句⼦状语成分b．前⾯⽆逗号，直接⽤在名词后：充当前⾯名词定语成分12) 插⼊语：三、六种功能段落（篇章层⾯为六种功能段落的排列组合）四、篇章写作思路：现象、危害、原因、建议、观点（利弊）、意义段写作逻辑：4.1现象描述段：______（引出问题+具体描述+总结问题）=主题句+具体现象1）引出问题：☆⾸句1. On many campuses/ In contemporary society/Nowadays, it has become a (prevalent) trend/tendency for _______to ______.☆⾸句2. Living in an era of knowledge/competition, ______have more access to ______.☆⾸句3. In recent years, (it can be noticed that) __________________________than (ever) before. (⽐较级引出问题)☆⾸句4：In China, _________ has/ have gained great/wide popularity among _______. 或：In China, ______ has been enjoying growing popularity and it is of great importance.⾸句5：The past years /decades have seen the huge/speedy advancement/ development of _____________.2）具体描述：⼆句1：（事实描述）Meanwhile, an increasing number of individuals/people find it difficult/ hard/ troublesome to__________________.An increasing number of:find--> deem/ regard负⾯：difficult 正⾯：⼆句2：（举例描述1）A case in point is /A typical example is/This phenomenon can be best illustrated by the fact that .☆（举例描述2）Turning/Taking a look around/at_______, we can notice/find a great many/plenty of/a good deal of examples like this: 两个例⼦.⼆句3：(举例描述3)：Our daily life has been filled with a variety of examples, (but the following will suffice:)______________.⼆句4：（调查法描述：）(According to a recent survey,) a majority/72.34% of people/ students /individuals /citizens/residents admit/reckon /acknowledge that _______. 3）总结问题：承上+启下三句1：（承上）Thus/Therefore/Hence, （启下）how to _______________ effectively has become a matter of concern.☆三句2：（承上）As a result/ Consequently/ Accordingly，（启下）_____ requires/ necessitates/ calls for close attention of the whole society.☆三句3: (承上) So, （启下1）due attention should be paid to _____/ （或）we should keep a close eye on ____.4.2分析危害段：（弊）=主题句+危害1+危害2+总结主题句1：If we keep turning a blind eye, this trend is bound to generate/ result in/lead to serious effects.☆主题句2: Apparently enough, there are some negative impacts which we should not ignore/neglect.☆主题句3：Quite obviously, it is of great necessity to figure out the negative influences (behind it).主题句4：To tackle this problem, it is of great/vital significance to analyze the potential negative impacts of this matter.具体危害写法☆危害1：To begin with, _____ may damage/ hurt/ injure/ harm/ impair/ undermine the over-all development of ______, (because____________).☆危害2：Moreover, (强调句式) it is _____ that does not enable ______to build up / expand /enjoy__________.危害3：This trend is particularly worth concern for the background that ____ focus too much eyesight on ____, totally turning a blind eye to the significance of _____.☆危害4：Besides, (it can be argued that) _____ means/equals a grave amount of time/energy/natural resources; (however, the result/ quality /reality of _____is not always as satisfactory as expected).☆危害5：As a matter of fact, ______in mounting/ large numbers have ignored the significance /necessity of _____☆万能危害总结1：And if we let this situation continue as it is, we will not know where ____ will be in the forthcoming future.危害总结2：To conclude, it is undeniable that the bad impacts of _____ can never be turned a blind eye to.4.3分析原因段：=主题句+原因1+原因2+总结☆主题句1：Generally speaking, several reasons can account for this phenomenon. (中性话题)主题句2：In general, there are several factors contributing to this phenomenon(, but the following may be the most critical).（中性话题）☆主题句3：It is evident that the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.主题句4：To solve/deal with this worrying/disturbing issue, it is of vital significance to explore / investigate the possible reasons.☆原因1：In the first place, ___________ is the root cause. A good case in point is that_____________________/(According to a survey), a majority of ______ admit that _____. (原因+例⼦/或调查法描述)☆原因2：In the second place, _____ constitutes another major cause. Specifically/To be specific,_______________________________. (原因+具体说明:即现象描述). ☆原因3：（强调句式）Then, it is _____ that makes /attracts/ enables ____ to ___. ☆万能原因4：As a matter of fact, ______in mounting/ large numbers have (not) come to realize the significance /necessity of _____(for ____)☆原因5: Besides, social prejudice/ignorance plays a critical role in this issue/matter. ☆原因总结1：As a consequence,_______ pay relatively less(more) attention to _______.原因总结2：Consequently, ____ has (not) been emphasized.4.4 建议措施段：=总结句+建议1+建议2+展望☆总结句1: In view of the seriousness of the situation, effective measures should be taken (before things get worse).总结句2：Therefore/Thus/Hence/Accordingly, it is high time that we took feasible steps (to stop/ limit/ restrain this trend).总结句3：In fact, people?s/our ways to ___________ do vary/differ.（☆替换：1. As a ____, I am convinced that there are various ways in which _____________________. 或 2. It is apparent that ways to ___________ are various.）Some _____; some ______; some others _____.☆建议1：First, it is essential that regulations should be worked out and enforced to ___________.建议2：Second, it is suggested that public should enhance/ promote/ cultivate/ strengthen their awareness of __________.建议3：Then, it is advisable/significant for ________ to ________建议4：In addition, _______ are highly hoped/ expected/ well-advised to __________.☆万能建议5：Lastly, ________should educate, advocate and encourage ____________________________ (not) to______________.展望未来1：Only by doing so/ Only through these measures, can we __________________________.（慎⽤）☆展望未来2：If we try our utmost to do so, the future of ____ will be promising/ hopeful/ rosy.展望未来：Do bear in mind: no __________, no ______________.4.5观点段（⽀持⽅观点=利；反⽅观点=弊；我的观点）⽀持⽅观点（利）⽀持⽅主题句1：Compared with ______, ______ is superior in several ways.☆⽀持⽅主题句2：A number of individuals favor /prefer_____ because of its/their benefits.⽀持⽅主题句3：Those who are in favor of ____ claim that _____is characterized by a lot advantages.☆⽀持⽅观点(利)1：In their eyes, without ________, it is impossible for them to ___________.☆⽀持⽅观点(利)2: In addition, they deem that it ______ enables _____ to expand/ strengthen / enjoy / enrich / attract_____________.☆⽀持⽅观点(利)3: As a _____, _______ brings us _____, arouses our enthusiasm for _______, and helps us to____________. .⽀持⽅观点(利)4：In their opinion, _____ will definitely promote the development/efficiency of _____, which otherwise would be impossible.⽀持⽅观点(利)5：Another evident advantage/ merit/ strength/ benefit is that ____ may offer /provide/bring entertainment/ pleasure/ an enjoyable life.反⽅观点（弊）(三句=主题句+反⽅观点1+反⽅观点2)☆主题句1：Even so, others hold a different view that ____ carries some risks/doubts. 主题句2：Others, however, regard it differently.主题句3：Advantageous/beneficial/rewarding/good/popular as it is, others have an opposite perspective.主题句4：In spite of all these claims, others maintain that it is unnecessary to ____ 反对本质：危害分析。
专四写作讲义
专四写作讲义一、首段1、禁忌1）no bombs2）no apologies2、中心主线段：主题词+ 同位语+ 从句+ 态度/ 观点••Making friends on line, a prevailing fashion in this 21st century which booms as never before especially for the younger generations, is wise from my point of view. (07) ••The arts festival, a general discussion these days on campus which concerns all the university students, has to be filled with more diversity and creativity. (05) ••Telephone, the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technology which dominates and promises to reshape our lives and our world, is destined to take the place of traditional letters. (04)3、插入语①单个单词：Anyone, then, who knows the good he ought to do but does not do it, sins.②词组的插入：The Gentleman, by his culture, collects friends about him and through these friends promotes his Goodness.③句子的插入：A craftsman, if he means to do good work, must first sharpen his tools.4、连续发问••Does technology create more problems than it solves? And may it threaten or damagethe quality of life? Is it more of a blessing or of a curse? People are sharply divided over this issue. To me, this answer may be negative.••What is there that confers the noblest delight? What is that which swells a man’s breast with pride above that which any other experience can bring to him? Discovery! ••Reduce waste on campus：Have you ever left your dorm forgetting to turn off the lights?Have you ever bothered to turn off the tap after washing your clothes? Have you ever seen tables covered with the remains of a meal when you go to the school cafeteria at dinner time? I bet your answers to some of these questions are “yes”.••Making friends on line is wise：Do you still search for pen pals everywhere withbewilderment? Do you still spend a large sum of money only to mail a written letter to a friend afar or even thousands of miles away in another continent? If yes, try to attempt to get a new acquaintance via Internet, a rather wiser choice.二、中间段1、段落结构：2、段落层次：还原逻辑词parents felt disappointed and I was greatly worried about my future. (Consequently,) Our life became very terrible. (so …that …) I even decided to commit suicide. (Later,) Our neighbor learnt about my family’s condition, and they began to help us. (Meanwhile,) They lent a few money to my parents and my parents use these money to open a shop. (Moreover,) They help me to study. (In the end,) My parents finally got through hard life. So I say that love is great.3、观点对比+利弊说明1）“一些人认为”——Some无数的numerous / myriad (a number / myriad of)大量的A considerable / significant / noticeable amount / quantity / portion of对半的almost / nearly / approximately half of大多的the (vast / overwhelming) majority of2）“一些人认为”——people公众the public各行各业people from all walks of life / community / education / background支持/反对者followers – objectors；consenters –dissenters参与者participants / candidates / interviewees3）“一些人认为”——think认为assume / claim / declare / assert / state / insist/ maintain tha t…支持express / show / demonstrate one’s support for赞成/ 反对cast one’s ballot for / against；stand on the side of意见是one’s viewpoint is that / be with the view that4）导致利弊Advantage / disadvantage; merit / drawback; blessing / curse; benefit / harm; outweighlead to, contribute to, result in, bring about, give rise to …owing to, due to, thanks to, result from, in that, attribute to …5）句式••Many people consider it appropriate that more emphasis should be put on the development of students’ capacity for reaso ning and logical thinking, whilst others think that more benefits would be gained from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions.••Those who … argue that… while others who… claim that…6）框架①启••Answers shall find it is of difficulty to please all, as the old say goes. Therefore, it is quiteunderstandable that people from diverse backgrounds put different interpretations on the same issue of ….answer will far from an easy proposition, but is nonetheless one that deserves careful and deliberate consideration.②承：••On the one hand, the majority is in favor of the idea that….••Thunderous applause could be heard to maintain the idea that…③转••One the other side of the coin, adverse voices cast their ballots for the belief that….••Discommenders and antis, however, could not concur with the former by insisting that….④合：••All things considered, an unshakable conclusion could be safely drawn that …••Balancing the advantages and drawbacks of this issue, I am bound to accept the former / latter viewpoint, intending to stand on the side that …A question begging an answer centers on whether or not one ought to expect a reward when doing a good deed. Determining the answer will far from an easy proposition, but is nonetheless one that deserves careful and deliberate consideration.On the one hand, the majority is in favor of the idea that to receive a reward after doing good deeds is beyond any doubt due to the reason that “A good turn deserves another”, as the old saying goes, which indicates that a good deed, surely, o ught to bring about a reward, the motivation or the stimulus for the favor.One the other side of the coin, adverse voices cast their ballots for the belief that good deeds belong to voluntary work, purely out of willingness, which has nothing to do with expectation for rewards, following the outstanding example of the great communist soldier Lei Feng –who “devoted his limited life to the limitless cause of serving the people”.In short, balancing the advantages and drawbacks of this issue, I am bound to accept the latter viewpoint, intending to stand on the side that good deeds are supposed to result from spontaneous reaction confronted with certain circumstances.4、原因列举：••There are two reasons accounting for my view. For one thing, fast forward a fewyears, making friends may no longer be a problem owing to the fact that the Internet affords us the opportunity to communicate not only with people who are conveniently close by but also with those who might be thousands of miles away in another continent. For another, more importantly, we can make friends of different races and cultures and this can expose us to a new language, culture and belief.••衍生句型：What has sparked the increasing interest in exercise? For one thing, people have gained a greater awareness of the need for physical fitness. For another,the constantly improving standard of living enables Chinese people to patronize the increasing number of recreational venues. The main thing perhaps centers on the healthcare and psychological benefits exercise provides.••仿写： Why are an increasing number of elderly Chinese parents living apart fromtheir children? One reason is the increasing upward mobility of the younger generation. Another is expanding social opportunities for the elderly. Perhaps the main reason, however, centers on dramatic changes in traditional concepts.5、举例论证1）个人实例●●An example shoule be added to highlight the issue discussed above. Todemonstrate, Thomas Edison–diligent, world-famous and doing very well in his early life –continued to pursue something more difficult all through his life. “Genius consists of 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration.” Such is the remark made by him.It is true indeed. Thomas Edison’s case is a typical example that keeping making progress and daring to stride forward always has to be considered as the right attitude towards life and work for everyone who longs for success.●●To specify this statement, I would like to take an example. Helen Keller – blindand deaf –is always admired and remembered as a heroine striving for the dream in her life’s journey.（可用于论述：成功；信心；毅力；奋斗；理想；决心……）With language, she proved she could communicate in the world of sight and sound –an was able to speak to it and live in it. “Literature is my utopia. Here I am not disenfranchised.” Helen’s case is a typical example that how knowledge could liberate and cultivate one’s mind.●●For instance, Mr. Bill Gates –when making his decision to drop out fromHarvard – did not care too much of the result. Many people did not understand why Gates gave up such a good opportunity to study in the world’s No.1 University. However, with size comes power, Microsoft dominates the PC market with its operating systems. Now, Microsoft becomes the biggest software company in the world and Bill Gates becomes the richest man in the world.●●A very good case in point is that a person of great reputation, Columbus, whodiscovered America, owed his success to his singleness of purpose and determination. On the ocean he suffered the affliction of storms and tempests hundreds of times. However, instead of admitting defeats, he went forward.There is no denying that success is more often the definite result of a person’s self-discipline, had work and, most of all, perseverance.2）历史实例••The year was 1978. stepped, for the first time, upon amysterious land, China. Jackson who paid his visit to the Great Wall and the Summer Palace and got himself deeply impressed by Chinese culture. When he returned to the US, he devoted his rest life to the intercommunion of bilateral cultures and won the Presidential Award in 1982.••The year was 1943. Millions upon millions of Jews were being marched into gaschambers. During the following two years, more Jews perished in the holocaust. Among them, there was a five-year-old boy named Abraham whose eyes were filled with fears and tears. From his vacant and spiritless eyesight, we may easily read out his yearning towards peace.3）细节论证①数据论证：●●A survey issued by the department of Sociology at Wuhan Universitysuggests that 21.7%college students suffer from pressure of academic studies. It is an 11.2% increase, compared with last year.●●A recent survey showed that … percent of respondents ranked … as their toppriority, compared to … percent only a few years ago.②名言论证：●●One of the great early writers worte that …. If this is true, then the present situationshould make us wonder whether … is reasonable. To this issue, my answer is CERTAINLY YES / DEFINITELY NO.●●“….” Such is the remark made by …, a great …. This view has been shared /challenged now by more and more people.●●Adler is correct in this assertion that ….三、结论段Some strategies for closing paragraphs••1. Summarize the essay••2. Echo the introduction••3. Restate the thesis (thesis is the main idea of your essay)••4. Create an image••5. Striking a note of hope or desair••6. Use a quotation••7. Give a symbolic or powerful fact or other detail••8. Recommend a course of action1、禁忌：中文表决心方式2、常用句型1）形式主语2）被动语态3）虚拟语气4）无灵主语3、结尾方法1）归纳结论（主题同义改写＋观点概括）••Why, then, do I teach? (1) I teach because I like the pace of the academic calendar. …(2) I teach because teaching is a profession built on change. … (3) I teach because I like the freedom to make my own mistakes, to learn my own lessons, to stimulate myself and my students. … So teaching gives me pace, variety, freedom, and challenge.2）反诘提问••What makes pollution so severe nowadays? Firstly, people throw life wastes carelessly, with them littering streets, rivers and fields. Secondly, the development of economy deteriorates our environment to a great extent. The major pollutant is the industrial wastes. The waste gas diets the air and the waste liquid from factories poisons the water. Thirdly, some pollutions spread out fast without effective solution to them. Green house effect, for instance, has caused the iceberg at the two poles to melt, which means that lots of countries will be flood-stricken.••A. If our environment is going on to be polluted in these ways, what a world shall we leave our later generations?••B. How can we live a happy and healthy life, if our environment is too polluted to have fresh air to breathe or clean water to drink?3）提出建议，呼吁行动••95年“课外兼职的利弊”••Since taking a part-time job is both a blessing and a curse, college students have to be wise enough to strike a balance between academic studies and part-time jobs.（折中）••96年“大学生活和中学生活的不同”••In short, different from middle school, college life develops me into an independent adult. Dear friends, when you enter the college, you are on the way to be an independent individual. So, rely on yourselves in daily life and manage your academic studies on your own.（倾向性）••00年：“课外活动重要性”••Extracurricular activities are very important to college students in their healthy de velopment, so I want to suggest that Students’ Union organize more meaningful activities and every student actively take part in carious activities.••02年：“保持健康的最佳方式”••Since sports is so important to keep us healthy, let’s do physical exercise everyday.••05年：“给艺术节提建议”••In my viewpoint, a university arts festival is a world for us students to be closer friends. The stage is ours. Fellow students, come on and wrap your arms around next semester’s university arts festival.4）展望未来05年：为艺术节提建议••Of course, there should be other shows to attract more students and show their own talents. I really hope that my suggestions are of help to the festival. I wish this festival could be held successfully and it would be a real show of our talents.98年：“解决污染的一个建议”••I believe by using electricity to replace petrol as an important source of power, the world will be cleaner, where we can breathe more freely, and trees will turn green again.5）模板句型No topic has received more attention than the one presented now.Quite obviously, p eople seem to fail to take into account the fact that ….And I believe that anyone who is blind to this point may pay a heavy price.Thus, we have to spare no effort to face the challenges and better the situation, which is a matter of achivement and failure – a matter no one and no nation can afford to ignore.As the famous saying goes: when the going gets tough, the tough get going.A much better and brighter future will surely await us.My view is that, first of all, it is of great necessity for the government and authorities concerned to ….Furthermore, emphasis has to be paid to ….Finally, it is high time that drastic and immediate measures were taken to ….The methodology suggested may not guarantee ultimate success, but the eventualpay-off could well be worth the effort.By means of adopting such ways, a much better and brighter future will surely await us.We have to seek immediate solutions for….Recognizing a problem is the first step in finding a method.It is essential to heed warnings of potentially catastrophic consequences associatedwith … and, in turn, to attach top priority to finding effective solutions to ensure …. Immediate solutions for solving problems surrounding … remain elusive.However, public recognition of t he importance and necessity to … will represent the first step in finding effective solutions.We do, in fact, have a long way to go to reach our final goal.The time is right for us to take full advantage of ample existing opportunities.Whatever the outcome, we have to resolutely proceed with our objective.To address this issue and to …, goverments and authorities concerned should unite to work out effective measures against ….For instance, there should be ….Moreover, the public attachment to th e importance of … would play a decisive role in….In addition, w e should enhance the awareness of people that … is extraordinarily vital to us.Only in this way can we ….复习一、内容：1、你想说的最重要的事是什么？如果已经说出来了，在草稿中找出这段话，并在句子下面划线。
四级作文讲义.doc
CHAPTER 1基本写作常识1写作步骤1.审题审题是最重要的一步，应分析题目的构成，辨别义体，抓住关键词，找出主题词和限定词.2.构思构思时应注意以下几个问题：1.研究作文题目的限定范围和可供利用的材料以及具有启发性的暗示.2.从多方面联想与主题相关的材料°3.找出所要论述的关键词或短语4.考虑从儿个方面进行讨论或描述5.具体考虑各段在义章中的作用6.写出全篇的提纲和简单的草稿.例：在构思Why Good Manners 一篇作文的时■候我们应按照如下几个步骤来构思：1.题目给出的话题是good manners,而且限定的范围是分析其原因。
2.根据上述范围我们可以联想到：有礼貌的重要性，没有礼貌会带来的不良影响，社会发展的需要，对学生来说有礼貌的意义，对其他行业的人来说礼貌的意义，从社会学的角度，从经济学的角度等。
但是在四级写作中，根据我们的知识水平，可以适当选择：有礼貌对学生的意义，没有礼貌的坏处等3.关键词：good manners, students, importance, benefits, harms4.应从以下几个方而进行论述①有礼貌的重要性②对学生的重要意义③没有礼貌的危害④总结号召大家要有礼貌首段点题，展开段论证有礼貌的重要性，结尾段重中主题发出号召。
提纲及草稿(略)4草拟写作提纲(1)为什么要写提纲在写作过程中，编写提纲是非常必要的。
TOEFL考试中心建议：”Think before you write, making notes maybe help you to organize your essay." Michigan 考试中心也建议："It is wise to take a few minutes to organize your thoughts, once you have chosen a topic, and make a brief outline-可见在写作文前先编写一个提纲还是必要的，它往往是确保写出内容切题、条理清楚的作文的关键。
英语新四级写作讲义
英语新四级写作讲义2020年6月19日英语新四级写作讲义一、来自教育部的声响第一局部为30分钟的短文写作，分数占总分的15%。
在新四级考试中，短文写作和过去相比改动不大，出题作风和过去的四级考试作文基本相反。
热点效果、图表或漫画、正反论证以及针对某种现象发生的缘由与对策等方面的标题最有能够出现。
多读各个类型的范文，模拟并背诵其中的精髓局部有助于提高写作水平。
写作时一定要字迹清楚划一，紧扣标题，留意语法的正确运用，最好可以准确多变地运用词汇。
二、大学英语新四级写作基本要求写作才干测试局部比例为15%，体裁包括议论文、说明文、运用文等。
四级作文范文档的要求是：切题；表达思想清楚、文字迟滞，连接性较好；基本无言语错误，仅有一般小错。
该要求蕴涵着大学英语写作的四个基本考点：1、切题——所谓切题是指在方式上诸如段落、字数、文体、格式等方面满足标题要求，并在内容上没有偏向。
2、表达清楚、条理明晰——本要求考察先生对文章结构的掌握，要求文章主题观念明白，有头有尾，论证说明布置有主次，有轻重。
3、文字迟滞，连接性较好——本要求考察先生对过渡句和衔接词或词组的掌握和运用，要求文章句子外部与句子之间迟滞连接，不突兀。
4、基本无言语错误——本要求考察先生言语基本功的掌握，包括语法与拼写两局部。
三、历史的声响我们对真题写作的抽样剖析说明，考生的写作效果并不理想。
要想写出一篇高分作文必需具有两个条件：一是扎实的英语言语基础，二是掌握一定的写作技巧。
温馨提示：帮你对自己有个最后的评价●一篇好的作文应基本到达：有较好的写作基础，文章流利，遣词造句恰当，文章结构完整，内容契合要求；语法基本正确；句法基本准确，句子与句子，段落与段落之间过渡连接；有一定词汇量，字数契合要求；说理清楚，内容空虚。
●一篇较差的作文表现为：文章不迟滞，无段落，无结构，无清楚主题；出现很多基本语法错误，拼写错误；词汇量很小，词不达意，缺乏英语表达才干；不像一篇文章，仅是把一些不连接的词语拼凑到一同。
CET4写作部分讲义
Persistence and PerseveranceCET-4 各项分值一览PART ONE：写作一．考试要求四、六级考试改革已开始，虽大纲和改革要求都没有对写作部分做特殊的规定，但根据改革的总体方向和趋势可知，写作将朝着更加实用的方向发展：写作题材将更贴近日常生活和社会热点，（如学习、工作或课余生活、科普话题等）题材将更具实用性。
改革后的四级考试写作部分的考试时间仍为30分钟，分值为总分的15％。
在规定时间内紧扣主题、层次清楚、段落分明、用词恰当地表达自己的思想是考生取得写作高分的关键所在。
二．评分标准1.四级写作满分为15分，阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分和14分。
2.另外，作文词数未达要求也会酌情扣分。
3.由此可见只要能对症下药，做好如下三点，写出一篇11－13分的作文并不难。
①“切题”＝审清题目②“表达思想清楚”＝言语有层次③“文字通顺连贯”＝提彩句、模块句的使用4．高分作文的特点：三．文章的基本构架与展开方式（万能通用模式总揽）1.短文的宏观框架：Title（给出）Introduction(综述，引出话题) Body(正文，论点与论据) Ending(总结全文、前后呼应)2.正文的写作Ⅰ.首段的写作：i.对立法：①When asked about/When it comes to/faced with , most/many people believe that , other people regard as /consider it differently；②Now, it‟s generally acknowledged that . But I doubt whether ; ③When it comes to , people‟s opinions differ. Some hold the opinion that , while others claim that ; ④There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the role/view/idea of . Some people claim that , while others believe that .ii.现象法：①Recently, the rise in the problem/phenomenon of has aroused public/popular/wide concern; ②Recently, the issue of has been brought into focus/brought to public attention；③There is a general discussion today about the issue/problem of . Those who criticize argue that . They believe that…But people who advocate , on the other hand, argue that .iii.观点法：①Now people in growing numbers are beginning to realize that ; ②Most of the people are of the opinion that… But I personally believe that .iv.引用法：①“”is the remark made by . It has been shared by more and more people; ②“”. How often we hear such statements/words as these.v.比较法：①For years, have been viewed as . But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing , people ; ②People used to think that /In the past, …… But now people share the new idea ofvi.问题法：①Should/What ? Options of vary greatly: some , while others . But in my opinion, .常备句型及应用2.1：引出话题的常用句式：● ____ is one of the most striking(appare nt, evident, manifest, crystal-clear, staggering, arresting, amasing, eye-catching, astonishing, alarming, shocking, unprecedented ) subjects of the modern society.____是现代社会一个最为引人注目的话题。
四级英语写作专项辅导讲义
Is there any formal rite of passage in your hometown? If there is any, please write a short essay describing a rite of passage (成人礼、仪式).What is it?Where does it happen?Who takes part in it?What happens afterwards?How important is it/Has it changed at all in these years?Write a short passage about an important person in your childhood. Please cover the following points:What is the relationship with you/How did you get to know him?How often did/do you see him?Why was he so important to you?What was the most important thing about him or her that you value most?What feeling s do you have about the person?With the computer revolution, many new jobs have been created. Please write a short passage and list the top three new jobs.D evelop each of the following topic sentences into a paragraph: (请你做出判断，如果是一个笼统的归纳或者是抽象的概括，你就具体化；如果是一个可以被质疑甚至是可以推翻的看法，你就给出理由说明为什么；如果是一个现象或者是事实的总结，你就给例子加以说明)With the approach of graduation, many students began to be more anxious and restless.Roman Empire was no less globalized.Passage writing:Some people think that universities should not be located too far away from the urban area. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Please give your reasons. (200 words)。
文都教育：07大学英语四六级讲义四级写作(下).doc
文都教育：07大学英语四六级讲义——四级写作（下）第四节题型分析在本节中我们将以题型为依据进行分析讲解，以掌握各种题目的写作方法与技巧。
下面就按照题型不同，分别进行讨论。
9969、图表图画题型（Graphs/Tables and Cartoons/Pictures）表格和图表题型表格和图表题型是大学英语写作中较为常见的题型之一，也是难度较大的一种写作题型，故大家应对此类题型加强练习，熟练掌握。
表格和图表题型写作注意事项●仔细研究题目以及提示信息，看准、看清图表中的数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向，然后根据图表所显示的中心信息确定内容层次以及主题句。
●仔细观察分析图表所给出的大量信息，从中选取最重要，最有代表性，最核心的信息，然后根据全文的主旨去组织运用所获取的关键信息,切忌简单地罗列图表所给出的信息。
●表格和图表题型写作一般采用一般现在时，但如果图表给出了具体时间参照，则应对时态进行相应的调整。
●表格和图表题型要求考生使用一些固定句型和表达法，大家应对此融会贯通。
●表格和图表题型可以细分为表格，曲线图、柱形图和圆形图。
除了上述共同要点，还应弄懂这四种图在写作方面的各自特点。
✓表格形式要求考生对表格中所给出的大量数字进行比较分析，从中找出其变化规律。
✓曲线图形式要求考生认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，并且密切注意交汇在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位。
✓柱形图形式要求考生通过宽度相等的柱形的高度或长度差别来判断事物的动态发展趋势，故考生应密切关注坐标线上的刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明与文字。
✓圆形图形式旨在要求考生准确理解并阐述一个被分割成大小不等切片的圆形图所传达的信息。
考生应清楚掌握部分与整体，部分与部分之间的相互关系，这种关系通常是以百分比的数字形式给出的。
●列出各段的主题句。
考生可以根据所给提纲或已知信息列出每段的主题句，为全文的展开铺平道路。
●严格围绕主题句展开段落。
●检查与修改。
表格与图表写作的检查与修改应着重检查文章中所列举的信息是否与图表所显示的信息一致。
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评分标准：（语言，内容）1．内容要切题, 统一：写作内容要围绕题目规定的话题展开。
提纲式作文要求根据提纲规定的内容和范围展开段落，不能按照自己的思路发挥。
且一个段落或一篇文章只有一个中心观点，其他各句，各段均围绕这一中心观点展开描写或论述，否则会留下思路混乱的印象。
2．语篇连贯：层次分明，条理清楚。
上下文之间，词与词之间，句与句之间要上下连贯，前后呼应，这样文章结构才会严谨，思路清晰，有条理。
注意连词，衔接词，指示代词的运用，过度词使文章自然流畅以防生硬。
3．语言准确：用词和语法的准确性。
无重大语法错误，如：时态不一致，主谓数不一致，用词不当等。
4．句式多样性：为避免句型的单调，增加句式的多样性和语言的表现力，在文章中应使用不同结构，不同类型，不同长短的句子，如：简单句，复杂句，倒装句，排比句，感叹句等。
如何提高写作水平？选词存在的问题** 喜欢用老生常谈的词汇如：喜欢like, enjoy, prefer, love;不能做什么can’t do, fail to do, unable to do1.good: positive(effect), favorable(impression), promising(有希望的future)，perfect, pleasant(weather) , excellent, outstanding, superior(to ) 2.bad: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)，less impressiveeg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.3. many: (an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of,)4. some: a slice of, quiet a few , several5.think: harbor the idea that, take the attitude that,hold the view that, it iswidely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)6.in my opinion : for my part ,from my own perspective7.frown on sth替换be against , disagree with sth8.get many benefits: reap huge fruits9.more and more: Increasing(ly),growing修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly. Eg. sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.10. Helpful: beneficial, rewarding11. Customer: shopper, consumer, purchaser12. Very: exceedingly, extremely, intensely13. attract one's attention: capture one's attention pour attention into替换pay attention to14. cause: give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger15. reasons for sth: There are several reasons behind sth16. Want: desire17. Remember: bear in mind that18. Have: enjoy(high social status/salary)19. Should: be expected to; be supposed to; It’s imperative for sb to do** 喜欢用汉语式的思维来对译英语词汇，忽视其内涵，如：I am bad in grammar and vocabulary (bad---poor)I want to hear the music (hear---listen to)If you meet some trouble, you can look for the policeman.(turn to)If you have no money to spend, you can ask from your parents and friends (ask sb for sth)Disadvantages are more than advantages (outweigh)选词标准1．用熟悉的词，不用生僻，把握不准的词 e.g. home, house, habitation; stop, pause, cessation2．用简洁的词代替短语，句子For, for the purpose of; after graduation, after she had graduated3．用具体词代替抽象词, 尽量用小词不用大词或华丽的辞藻，让事实说话，避免空洞e.g. China is a big country. It gas a large population and Chinese people are very good.--- The total area of China is over 9.6 million square meters. It has a population of about 1.4 billion and Chinese people are very kind/ warm-hearted/ honest/ selfless/ friendly/amiable4．用词应多样话，尽量多用近义词，同义词，反义词给文章增色，使用人称代词，指示代词来代替上文提到的人或事，使文章更加紧凑简洁，避免重复。
5．尽量使用词性变化来丰富自己的表达手段。
如使用派生形式来点缀文章亮点。
多用名词，介词词组：it is of great importance/ help/ use/ significance 替代it is very important/ significant/ helpful/ useful造句存在的问题1．句子罗嗦冗长，重复表达，不简洁。
In my opinion, I think that many families have the money to buy a TV set. ----I think that any families can afford a TV set.2．句式变化少，多简单句，主动语态和陈述句First, I go to the class. I am absorbed in my lesson. I take notes. Thus, I will pass the examination. Second, I go to the library. For I am not satisfied with what I have learned in the class. I must go to the library to enrich my knowledge.--- First, I go to the classroom where I am absorbed in my lesson by taking notes in order to pass the examination.Second, library is a good place to enrich my knowledge, for I’m not satisfied with what I’ve learned.3．句子语法结构错误多American people are patriotic and love to meet challenge. (andaggressive)English is a useful language, she decides. to learn it.---English is so useful a language that she decides to learn it.有效句的标准特点1．完整性(语义不完整)e.g. Dofu was one of the greatest poets.--- … of the Tang Period.She is too young. Because it is useful.2．连贯性（句中的成分间具有合乎逻辑的有机联系，思路清晰）平行结构有缺点We thought she was charming , intelligent and a very capable young woman.代词指代不清He was knocked down by a bike, but it was not serious.(but was not badly hurt.)I’m going to the lecture on modern Chinese drama, because he’s a dramatist I like.(the speaker)修饰语与被修饰语间的关系不明确To get up early, the clock was set at six. (he set the clock at six) Although seriously ill, the boss made her work ten hours a day. (she had to work )He give a reason for not attending the meeting, which nobody believe. (, a reason which nobody believed.)人称，数时态有混乱之处An important thing for the student to remember is that when writing a paper, you should not plagiarize. (he)His job was a policeman (he was a policeman)3．精练性It was blue in color, and small in size. (It was blue and small)He returned in the early part of the month of August. (in early August)Mr Smith usually likes to drink all kinds of wines that are produced in France. (Mr Smith prefers wines produced in France/ French wines) 4．强调性（突出重心，层次感）They were waiting for the meeting to begin. They talked with each other. They talked about the women’s volleyball team. The team had won victories in Tokyo= While waiting for the meeting to begin, they talked about the victory won by the women’s …in Tokyo.Li is a new student. He comes from a southern province. He speaks a dialect. We find it hard to understand his dialect.= Li, a new student from a …, speaks a dialect which is difficult for us to understand.5．句式多样化（好文章的基本要求，为使其更具吸引力，避免全文用结构相同长度相近的句子，否则文章显得单调，呆板，说服力不强）句子多样化的手段1）改变句子结构粗心驾驶易引起车祸Traffic accidents are invited by careless drivingCareless driving invites traffic accidents.For anyone to drive carelessly is to invite the traffic accidents.The fact that you drive carelessly invites traffic accidents.Driving carelessly invites traffic accidents.Traffic accidents are what careless driving invites.Anyone who drives carelessly is to invite traffic accidents.2）改变句子长度America is a new country. It’s a nation of nations. People from all over the world exploded and developed this new country. Everyone is considered equal. They make a name through hard work. It’s a classless society. A farmer’s son can work his way up to be a president.==Exploded and developed by the people from all over the world, America is a new country, a nation of nations, a classless society where everyone is considered equal, everyone can make a name through hard work, 安定even a farmer’s son can work his way up to be a president.3）改变句子主语I’m so angry that I can’t utter a word.= anger choked my words.I studied in a college in 1991.== 1991 found (witness, saw) me studying ina college.There is a great change in China in 2008.We couldn’t go out because of heavy rain.== Heavy rain prevented usfrom going out.It often means a demanding job to learn a new language.== learning a new language often means a demanding job.We are still not clear with what the teacher taught last time.== What the teacher taught last time is still not very clear to us.4）改变句子开头以分词开头 e.g. waking up in the morning, I dressed quickly.以不定式开头 e.g. To win the match, the volleyball players practiced very hard.以形容词开头 e.g. Intelligent and hard working, the girl passed the test. 以副词开头 e.g. Finally, the time for decision had come.以同位语开头 e.g. An expert in forest fore control, the forest ranger talked to the campers about safety in the woods.以状语从句开头 e.g. When he was four, he began to take music lessons from his mother.5) 适当使用修辞，如倒装，强调，加强语气，渲染气氛。