北京高考英语七选五专项训练
北京市第十三中学高一七选五专题英语测试(附答案)
北京市第十三中学高一七选五专题英语测试(附答案)The hardest thing to do is keep trying hard to achieve our goal when we see no signs of change. This is because our brains like observable evidence that our efforts are getting us closer to what we want and who we want to become. ___1___ So how do we keep motivated and continue fighting when it seems to make no progress?Keep a detailed daily record. Write down any and all observable changes, even if you feel like they are not worthy to be written down. Those kinds of changes usually do not continue in our memories, so we may not be able to notice all the changes that are actually happening. ___2___ Don’t compare with anyone else. Celebrate what is happening in your journey rather than looking at someone else’s path and thinking abo ut what happened to them. ___3___ You don’t need to come in “first place”.Question your expectations. Remember to often ask yourself: ___4___ Unrealistic expectations increase frustration and disappointment and can be difficult for you to recover from when unmet. ___5___ If you stare at the minute hand of a clock, the passing of an hour will seem like a lifetime. When you are working on a goal, it is important to diversify（使多样化）how you spend your time. Doing so will reduce your disappointment if your goal is not happening fast enough. A．Have a life outside of your goal.B．Remember that life is not a race.C．However, things don’t always go smoothly.D．What do I expect to achieve by setting this goal?E．Undoubtedly, our efforts will pay off sooner or later.F．Are my expectations for how and when I meet my goal realistic?G．Small changes, when gathered, eventually lead to the big change that we long for.Many people think of sharks as dangerous monsters. But human beings cause a far greater danger to them than they do to us. Although shark attacks do occur, they are quite rare. According to one estimate, however, humans kill 100 million sharks every year. ____6____Why should we save the sharks?Sharks take up the top position on the food chain in the ocean. As sharks die off, the population of the animals that sharks consume will increase. This, in turn, means that the number of the creatures those animals eat will drop. ____7____ Fish that eat algae (藻类) are also included. This can cause algae to spread so much that it damages coral reefs.____8____ The ocean not only produces more oxygen than all the rainforests on Earth combined, but also removes half of the man-made greenhouse gas from the atmosphere. Once sharks die off, the global ecosystem will be upset, affecting all creatures including human beings.Don’t use shark productsFirst, vitamin energy drinks and leather goods can be made from shark parts. ____9____ In addition, shark meat is sold around the world, sometimes under misleading names such as rock salmon or whitefish.Shark fin soup is a popular dish. However, the process of getting fins is cruel. Fishermen cut the shark’s fins off and then throw the shark back into the water, still alive. ____10____ Sharks breathe by swimming, so a shark that can’t swim will die.A．It is time for children to learn about sharks.B．Shark oil is also used in many popular beauty products.C．Then the shark dies slowly, sometimes over several days.D．Actually, the killing of sharks will affect the whole planet.E．People in some countries are especially keen on shark products.F．Among them are some sea fish that humans consume every day.G．This number is a warning that many kinds of sharks may die out.Volunteering offers vital help to people in need and the community.______11______.Volunteering can help you find friends, learn new skills, and even advance your career.Volunteering can connect you to others. ______12______ Unpaid volunteers are often the glue (黏合剂). They hold a community together. Volunteering helps meet new people for a newcomer. Dedicating your time as a volunteer helps you make new friends, expand your network, and boost your social skills.______13______Volunteering gives you the opportunity to practice and develop your social skill. You can also gain new skills through it. For example, you could learn nursing skills by volunteering at a nursing home. ______14______ Many volunteering opportunities provide extensive training so that volunteers can gain more professional skills.Volunteering can adva nce your career. If you’re considering a new career, volunteering can help you get experience in your area of interest and meet people in the field. Even if you’re not planning on changing careers, volunteering gives you the opportunity to practice important skills used in the workplace, such as teamwork, communication, problem solving, project planning, task management, and organization. ______15______A．Volunteering can reduce depression.B．Volunteering can increase your skills.C．It can be hard to find time to volunteer.D．But the benefits can be even greater for you, the volunteer.E．One of the benefits of volunteering is the impact on the community.F．Just because volunteer work is unpaid does not mean the skills you learn are basic.G．You might feel mo re comfortable at work once you’ve learned these skills in volunteering.How to Motivate TeensMotivating teenagers is no easy task. In fact, it has been a question for parents for ages.___16___. Remain positive at least 70 percent of the time when dealing with teenagers. Young teenagers will always act negatively to the naggings(好唠叨的人). Every time a teenager is pushed and nagged, they will pull further back. So, instead of screaming “clean that room”, try something along the lines of “I would appreciate it if you cleaned the room”. It would really help me out today.Talk to them often and keep open a line of communication. By doing this the teenagers will not feel like a prisoner, but more like a partner. ____17____.Appreciating what they have done, instead of focusing on what they have not done. When a job is done in their minds, avoid immediately saying “you left A undone and B was done poorly”.____18____. Then suggest that the job is almost done, but a few things need changed.Keep in mind that teenag ers are still kids. Don’t make them a house servant. A housework list is fine. ____19____. Make sure you allow them to have at least the same amount of free time as the parents.____20____. Although the results may not come for another 10 years, teenagers learn from the actions of their parents. By working hard, staying positive and putting family first, it is extremely likely that your teenager will become a responsible person.A．Set a good exampleB．Point out what was done rightC．Encourage and support your teenD．Talk to your teenager about your expectations for himE．However, they still need their own spare time to be a kidF．However, with some work there are ways to motivate teenagersG．This is necessary for teenagers as they are fighting for independenceLet’s face it: Nobody really likes doing chores (家务) around the house. But at a certain age, our kids are old enough to start lending a hand with the housework. ____21____ But what exactly are the benefits that young children and teenagers get from doing chores?Chores help teach life skills. They’re young now, but they won’t be kids forever! Washing clothes, cooking and cleaning the room are just some of the skills kids will need once they finally move out. ___22___ So it is really important to make kids learn them at home.Chores teach kids how to follow directions. Whether you are giving instructions to a small child or a teenager, describing what you are expecting them to do and then doing it will teach them how to follow directions.___23___ Remember, only age-proper instructions can help them learn this important skill.Chores teach responsibility and respect. Having your children clean up their own messes will give them a sense of responsibility. Task them with assisting in making the family’s meal s.___24___These will help them understand all that their parents do to keep the home running smoothly and be more respectful of it.___25___Everyone in our home has their own jobs to do in order to allow our house to function. It not only lessens our own stress level and to-do list, but it teaches our kids that we all must work together as a team. They may complain, but they’ve come to understand that the chores they are tasked with each day or week are all a bigger part of keeping the family functioning. A．Chores encourage teamwork.B．They can benefit from doing this.C．Or let them sort their own clothes.D．Speak to them at a level they'll understand.E．These are also things that schools do not fully teach.F．Encouraging kids to do chores will build their confidence.G．Chores help improve planning and time management skills.Good study habits play an important role in raising confidence and getting higher marks in exams. Of course, it’s usually hard to build lasting study habits at first, but it won’t be too longbefore your new good habits become part of your routine.____26____Set a daily study time. Studying for a test begins well before you reach exam day.____27____By reserving a specific time each day for studying, it can be easier to focus, because y ou won’t have to worry about any other things competing for your attention.Arrange your study space. Choose an area that is clean, well-lit, and free of distractions. Avoid sitting in front of the television or around a busy part of your home. Some people like to study in the library or coffee shop.____28____Turn off your electronics. Electronic devices are a big distraction, so remember to turn off your phone and television. Keep your cell phone away from you, as it will distract you.____29____When you need to use your computer while studying, stay away from social media, emails, and off-topic websites.____30____Plan a small reward for each day you study, such as time playing your favorite game, a piece of candy, or money to set aside for something you really want. Think of a weekly reward for meeting each daily goal that week, such as a few hours with your friends.A．You should set aside time every day to study.B．Only check your messages during break time.C．Reward yourself for meeting your study goals.D．Leave yourself enough time for games or time with friends.E．To better your study habits, you can employ efficient ways of studying.F．Break the information down so you’re only dealing with a little each day.G．But this may not work for you if you’re e asily distracted by movement or noises.The aftermath (后果) of an earthquake can be horrible, but it is important that you are attentive and focused after an earthquake happens. Fires, gas leaks, and injuries are all dangers you might face after an earthquake.___31___By assessing the safety of your location and following the directions of local authorities, your chances of surviving the aftermath of an earthquake will be much higher.Check yourself for injuries. ___32___ If you’re bleeding, lift your injur y up and put pressure on it. If your injury is serious, call for help using a cellphone or try to get rescuers’ attention.___33___ Use a cellphone to call for help if you have one. If you can’t use a phone, try knocking loudly on something nearby until rescuers find you.Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes which follow the main shock of an earthquake.___34___ So you should prepare to move to a safe location, like an open outdoor space or a structurally sound building.Exit the building and go to a safer place once the shaking has stopped. The structure of the building you’re in may have been weakened by the main earthquake.___35___A．Signal for help if you are trapped.B．They can cause significant damage.C．Remain calm as the earthquake occurs.D．The more prepared you are, the safer you’ll be.E．Make sure you’re not seriously hurt before you do anything.F．After the earthquake, you must get medical treatment in time.G．Therefore, you should leave as soon as possible in case of any aftershocks.Ways to protect eyes from screensToo much screen time may cause serious eye strain (眼疲劳）and even a sharp decline of eyesight. That's a big problem a lot of people are faced with nowadays, especially those who work on a computer. The following tips may be helpful.Get regular eye testsExperts recommend having a comprehensive eye exam every year to detect (探测）problems before they develop. During this test, you should tell the doctor how often you use your phone and your computer. ____36____ Tell your doctor about it, and your eyes can be tested more accurately at that distance.Give your eyes spaceThe closer your phone/computer screen is to your eyes, the harder they have to work to focus.____37____ If this makes it hard for you to read, consider increasing the size of the text rather than moving the screen closer.Take breaksThis may not always be practical if you're quite busy，but it's important not to stare directly at a screen for too long. ____38____ While surveys have shown that many office workers take no more than half an hour a day away from their computer, it's recommended that you take a 15-minute break after every two hours spent at your screen.____39____Staring at a screen continuously for hours on end may make it difficult for you to focus. To avoid thi s, many eye experts recommend the “20-20-20 rule”---looking away from yourphone/computer screen every 20 minutes and focusing on an object at least 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. The science behind his trick is that looking at objects at a distance relaxes the focusing muscle in the eye. ____40____A．Exercise your eyes.B．Give your eyes a chance to rest.C．Make your screen more eye-friendly.D．Studies show it’s an effective way to reduce tiredness.E．You should also measure the distance from your eyes to your screen at work.F．Make sure that you use your phone or computer in a room where the lighting is bright enough.G．Studies on eye strain suggest that computer screens should be no closer than 40 cm from your face.I was born in the U.S, but grew up in Greece, experiencing the best of both worlds. I began studying French in sixth grade while in Grece. ____41____ I moved to the U.S. at 18 to study at Oakland University. My love of French carried over to college and French became one of my majors. Besides French, I am also majoring in journalism with a dream to travel and write.____42____ I wanted to understand the nature of a culture different from the ones I was familiar with. I wanted to get to know the people and make basic connections. During my stay in France, I maintained a blog and I wrote a lot.Through my study, I got the chance to talk to the locals and share stories and experiences with my host family. ____43____Classes were long, homework was pleasantly challenging, but there was plenty of time in that one month of July to explore the city and see France. The food and the trips were by far the best part of my experience. I was in homestay and all my meals were home-made, French and delicious. ____44____ I also got to see places that I had only ever heard about in my studies. Physically going to sights rich in history and beauty was incredible.Studying abroad, you will be able to explore the world and become more aware of other cultures.A study abroad experience is eye-opening and fruitful in all aspects, no matter how long the stay is. You will make friends and discover delicious or perhaps strange foods. ____45____A．The cheese and bread were wonderful.B．It was indeed the most tiring moment in my life.C．To realize it I chose to study abroad in Angers, France.D．I couldn’t even find a single minute to record my experiences.E．Such experience will make you a culturally and socially richer person.F．That’s when my passion for the French language and culture was born.G．Despite the busy class schedule, my time in Angers was simply lovely.What is cross country running? Cross country is an outdoor endurance (耐久性) sport that can be mentally challenging and fun. ____46____ You’re not only putting one foot in front of the other; you’re also t hinking ahead to barriers and changes in the trail or course.____47____ However, before you begin training and racing, you should be aware of potential injuries and how to avoid them. How can you prevent cross country running injuries? The best ways for outdoor runners to stay healthy include the following running tips:Stretch daily. For all runners and athletes, a regular stretching routine is an important part of conditioning. ____48____Warm up and cool down. Muscles and tendons (跟腱) are less likely to overstretch or tear if they’ve been properly prepared for running and racing. High-intensity workouts require more prep and post-workout cool down than low-impact activities.Wear the right shoes. Make sure your shoes fit properly and that they are neither too tight-fitting nor too loose. ____49____Eat and drink enough. Competitive distance runners like to keep their weight low. However, consuming too few calories can harm your body, especially if you’re a girl or woman subject to eating disorders. ____50____ It’s effective to prevent injury and heat illness. Remember that especially in full sun or in humid regions of the state, you particularly tend to have heat stroke. Drink plenty of water before and after running.A．Cross country running is a sport requiring money.B．Tie double-knots to prevent tripping over undone laces.C．It’s mostly very safe in comparison to other team sports.D．Have a well-balanced diet and be sure to stay well-hydrated.E．You may encounter unexpected, non-natural barriers.F．It is needed to keep your bones, joints, and muscles healthy.G．This type of running and racing has both a physical and psychological role.【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除1．无1、C牝2、G牝3、B牝4、F牝5、A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。
北京市高考英语七选五练习(含详细答案)
35．选C只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人，照顾好属于自己的东西，为社区的整体面貌感到自豪，你很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。空格后的“respecting others, taking care of, taking pride in”都是替别人着想的表现，故C项符合语境。
●__32__
If the plot, characters, or word usage is confusing for you, you likely won’t be able to remember what you read. It’s a bit like reading a foreign language. If you don’t understand what you’re reading, how would you remember it? But there are a few things you can do ... Use a dictionary; look up the difficult words.
●Read it; hear it; be it!
Read the lines. Then, speak them out loud. And, put some character into the words. When he was writing his novels, Charles Dickens would act out the parts of the characters. He’d make faces in the mirror, and change his voice for each character. __34__
高考英语(北京)语法填空及七选五专练1
高考英语（北京）语法填空及七选五专练（一）1、语法填空AA few weeks ago,I accidentally dropped a plate and it broke into a billion pieces! I'd had it for about 40 years. This morning, we had a parcel ______ (11) (deliver)to my son. He opened it and______ (12) (proud) handed a new plate to me, which he had bought with his own savings, saying that he knew ______ (13) upset I was and wanted to surprise me!BOn 15 May,2021,China became the second country______ (14) (land) a spacecraft on Mars. The rover, Zhurong, ______ (15) (carry) to Mars on board the Tianwen 1 spacecraft, which was launched in July 2020. Equipped with cameras and a radar, Zhurong's task was to search for signs of life. It ______ (16) (work) on Mars surface for over ten months and is in good shape.CCOP26, known as “Conferences of the Parties”, was the latest in a series of 17 (meeting) bringing together governments to protect the environment. Its main goal was to take measures______ (18) climate change-long-term changes in world weather patterns that are linked to human activities including farming, industry and transport. Gases such as carbon dioxide, ______ (19) are produced by these activities, trap heat in Earth's atmosphere and cause temperatures to rise, ______ (20) (lead) to extreme floods, heatwaves and storms.2、七选五A garden that's just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 16 . But it doesn't happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.● 17Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 18 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.●Recall(回忆)your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma‟s rose garden and Dad‟s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that‟s not what‟s important. 19 ---how being in those gardens made us feel. If you‟d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 20 ,then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.A. Know why you gardenB. Find a good place for your own gardenC. It‟s our experience of the garden that mattersD. It‟s delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooG. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have参考答案【答案】语法填空：11.delivered12.proudly13.how14.to land15.was carried16.has worked17.meetings18.against19.which20.leading【答案】七选五：16. F 17. A 18. E 19. C 20. G。
北京高考英语七选五专项训练
七选五Reading is good for more than just entertainment.____1____. And the positive effects can be felt at any age: Even before they’ve fully developed their reading skills, kids can benefit from having access to materials and being read to on a regular basis.Reading can boost intelligencePeople who exhibit strong reading skills early in life grow up to be more intelligent. That was the finding of a study published in 2014 that measured the cognitive development of 1, 890 sets of identical twins. When two twins shared the same genes and home environments, early reading skills appeared to be the factor that decided which twin would be better at both verbal tests (like vocabulary( and non-verbal (like reasoning tests). ____2____, the study authors concluded that more emphasis should be placed on teaching strong reading skills to young children.Reading helps increase empathy____3____— it can make you a kinder person as well. According to a study published in 2013, people who consume literary fiction have an easier time sensing and relating to emotions in other people. This effect likely has something to do with the way such books are written: Great literature forces readers to steps outside themselves and empathize with the characters they’re reading about. Reading can lower stressFeel stressed at the end of a long day?____4____. A 2009 study found that reading for just 30 minutes has similar stress-reducing effects to doing 30 minutes of yoga.____5____Even after you put down a book, the effects of reading it are still present in your brain. A 2013 study discovered that when people read books, their brains continue to behave differently hours and even days later. The brains of readers show increased connectivity in the left temporal cortex — the region responsible for language receptivity — even hours after they’ve stopped reading. This suggests that reading can train the mind and boost neural function through a process that’s similar to muscle memory.A．Reading improves your passionB．Reading may change your brainC．Since reading is of significanceD．Reading books doesn’t just make you smarterE．Opening a book is a good way to wind downF．Because reading ability is something that’s learnedG．Committing part of every day to reading books can make you smarter, kinder, and more relaxedWaking Up an Hour Earlier Can Help Fight DepressionAdequate (充足的) sleep is essential for maintaining good physical and mental health. Now, new research has revealed that good health also depends on sleep schedules. In fact, waking up an hour earlier is generally found to help prevent or fight against major depression.This discovery was made in a study conducted by researchers from the University of Colorado in 2021. They found that waking up an hour earlier helps people who usually get up later improve their mood. ____6____This research adds to other similar studies which suggested that early risers tend to be healthier. At the same time, the fact that waking up an hour earlier improves the mood is associated with enjoying more hours of sunshine to a large extent.The study started from the assumption that if people go to bed an hour earlier, they'll also wake up an hour earlier. Based on this idea, the researchers came to the conclusion that if people who go to bed at 3 am, decide to go to bed at 2 am, their risk of suffering from depression is reduced by 23 percent. ____7________8____ Generally they assumed that it's because daylight generates a large amount of hormonal (荷尔蒙的) impacts that affect mood. However, experts do not rule out (排除) the idea that non-early risers have a certain mismatch with social rhythms. This is because we live in a society that focuses more on daytime activities. ____9____ In fact, being a night owl effectively means giving up a "normal life".However, the study indicates that all of this is assumption. ____10____ In this way, they can continue to work out the reasons why waking up an hour earlier can have such an impact on depression.A．The experts, though, didn't fully understand the reasons.B．It can also reduce the risk of developing major depression.C．However, waking up one hour earlier causes some problems.D．For this reason, experts stress the need for new and extensive research.E．Sometimes they become energetic the next day when they have enough sleep.F．If they went to bed at 1 am, the risk reduction could be as much as 40 percent. G．Therefore, not keeping with that social rhythm can cause certain feelings of inadequacy.How Culture Affects CuisineIt probably happened to you: You ate this incredible dessert in Turkey, you tried this fantastic dish in Spain, and you brought the recipe back home — just to feel the disappointment that what you cooked at home didn’t pass the taste test.It’s likely that groceries have different qualities in different countries. In the case of the United States and Europe this has very little to do with soil or climate. ____11____ Consumers in the U.S. have other preferences in groceries than most Europeans. It comes down to culture.Europeans often value quality more than quantity. Of course you will find out-of-season produce on the shelves of grocery stores as well. ___12___ Europeans especially are willing to give up short-term gain for a much greater long-term result.Take, for example, Italians produce dry-cured ham (干腌火腿) only during the waning moon that follows the full moon and it is practiced to this day. According to old farmer’s lore, the meat could go bad, if it isn’t cured by the moon. ____13____However, Americans believe in progress and the benefits of technology. It becomes clear why following tradition doesn’t have to be a strong value. Food for U.S. consumers is produced and shipped across the country. ____14____ The industrialization of food production results in new breeds of produce. The population growth calls for higher quantities. Farmers and growers are paid for the amount, not for the flavor.____15____ European cultures are rather regional, and this means food traditions have remained undamaged in fairly small areas. Within these regions and communities people often shop locally from regional producers. And they shop more frequently than Americans. Europeans often go to the local market daily whereas millions of shoppers in the U.S. purchase one or two weeks’ supply of groceries in one single visit to the big box store.All these consumer choices, based on cultural behaviors, have had a lasting impact on how our food is grown and what it tastes like.A．Geography plays another role here.B．Refrigeration makes it possible to store foods longer.C．However, demand for better quality is greater in their countries.D．This great interest in culinary (烹饪的) tradition is a cultural feature.E．The main reason why produce tastes different here and there is choice.F．Food provides the world with one of the only ways to universally communicate.G．Often our culinary preferences have an effect on the vacation destinations we choose.How to Find Real FriendsA lot of people would define a real friend as a treasure. ____16____ Given below are the steps to be done for us to find real friends that will stand by us through whatever comes along.Be interested in others. Having interest in others is the first step towards making friends. We should start by having a real love for people and then taking an active interest in others.___17___ Others are often impressed that you cared enough to remember their name. And with this, they may begin to share some experience or problems with you and the friendship starts to build.__18__ Being a good listener is important in building friendships. If we are interested in what others are saying, they are typically drawn to us.Be loyal. It is said that the main quality of a friend is his loyalty: a friend that will be with you through thick and thi n. A real friend shouldn’t damage your reputation by joining in wicked gossip. ____19____Reveal your deepest feelings. A friend should not be embarrassed to lay bare to those whom he trusted. This, of course, doesn’t mean that you should pour out all your emotions to everyone that you meet. However, we should be honest. And as you get to know and trust someone, you can gradually reveal more of your deepest feelings.Do not expect perfection. We aren’t perfect. And even when a friendship is off to a good s tart, we shouldn’t expect it to be perfect. We must strive to make it an almost perfect kind of friendship. ____20____Friends are important to our lives. Sometimes, they are our source of strength and inspiration. However, we must remember that for us to finally meet real friends, we must be a real friend too. A．Pay attention to how you listen.B．And to attain it, we need time and emotion.C．Instead, he or she will loyally stand up for you.D．Actually, a sincere interest in others attracts friendship.E．Just like in searching for treasure, an effort should be done.F．One way to show interest is to know their name and remember it.G．A secret for a successful friendship includes empathy and fellow feelings for others.Sometimes in our life we face this problem: loved ones as well as strangers annoying us. At home, we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings, and family members on the computer all the time. ___21___Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever. ___22___ If we take kindness as a skill, making it a daily practice, it will come easier over time.___23___ Loving Kindness Meditation (默想) (LKM), which dates back to the time of its roots to early Buddhism, helps us find sympathy for one another even during trying times. The meditation asks us to send thoughts of loving kindness to loved ones, then to acquaintances (people you don’t know very well) and finally to challenging people. Over time, our unkind thoughts are replaced with more open, accepting ones. Anger is replaced by love, or at least kindness.Donald Altman, a psychotherapist from Portland, Oregon, says LKM helps us recognize we are all weak and have been hurt. ___24___So how? To begin with, Altman suggests finding a quiet place to sit. He says to then imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words, “May you be well, happy and at peace.” After a few minutes, direct the words at yourself, “May I be well, happy and at peace.” ___25___ Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life. End the meditation by spreading the blessing to all living beings.Indeed, we should find our own way toward LKM — but only if we are prepared to access its benefits and extend them to anyone who may need them.A．The good news is that it isn’t lost.B．Luckily, we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance.C．At work, we’ve had to face the added pressure these demanding jobs create.D．Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness.E．For that reason, we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing.F．You can combine the words with breathing, repeating a phrase of love for yourself. G．Outside, we’ve encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway.Take back controlThere are times in life when nothing seems to go to plan. The trip you were looking forward to is called off, your house sale falls through, and you haven't exercised in three weeks. All of these things have happened to me and, on occasion, at the same time.____26____ Either that, or you end up giving up and feeling like your life is always going to be full of problems.So, how do you keep your calm in testing times, but also hold it together for long enough to pull yourself out? Contrary to what you may think, I'm a believer in giving in to how you're feeling, at least for a moment.____27____But how do you turn things around? The first thing I do is write everything down. I draw a line down the middle of a page. On the left, I write down all the things that are stressing me out. On the right, I write down everything that needs to be done to fix these problems. Then, I look at the list and I cross out all the points over which I have no control.____28____ Next, I write down the possible actions against each point on the list. Finally, I force myself into taking action by picking up the phone and asking someone for help;____29____ After all, a problem shared is a problem halved.In my experience, the easiest way to keep calm is to regain control of your situation. When we feel out of control, we fall into a downward cycle, and taking back control stops this.____30____ Finally, I remind myself of an age-old truth: this too shall pass.A．I focus on the things that I can do something about.B．We can think and worry about many things at the same time.C．And the moment we start doing, we move away from thinking.D．I always find that this simple act makes me fix things quicker.E．The truth is, it's hard not to lose control of yourself in these moments.F．Better to fall into it, accept the situation for what it is, then get back on your feet and go again. G．No matter how bad things are, keeping your calm will always help you find a better outcome.What Is Good Citizenship?Good citizenship is generally defined as how a citizen performs a role to become a useful member of society. This involves duties and responsibilities that may be expressed through laws and regulations. ____31____Citizenship, in its general sense, is being part of a community. ____32____ The factors toward improving lives and relationship of a community include doing volunteer work, initiating community programs, and participating in economic affairs.A good citizen is an important part of a progressive state. As covered by the social contract theory, a government is established to manage interaction among citizens, define an individual’s rights, enforce these rights, and make sure just compensation (补偿) is obtained when these rights are not obeyed. ____33____ The purpose of this social contract is to avoid chaos in a community, which is possible without good leadership. From this leadership arises good citizenship, allowing every citizen to expect others to respect for his or her legally demandable rights.____34____ The most basic characteristic is the moral duty to recognize the rights of others. Another important characteristic is the ability to listen to the views of others. These views may bring about solutions to problems of the community. A good citizen is also willing to adapt to new situations. ____35____ Based on these factors, good citizenship is said to be related to both the intellectual and social skills of a citizen.A．There are many characteristics of good citizenship.B．Being a good citizen is important in improving the community.C．Apart from these characteristics, a good citizen knows and obeys the laws of the land.D．In turn, the citizens hand over to the government the powers that may limit some freedom. E．This may also involve your behaviors expressed through the recognition of right and wrong. F．As citizens, we care about others and being good members of our communities and our country. G．Good citizenship lies in the recognition that members of a community work together to improve their lives and their relationship with one another.Self-esteem is the ruling view you have of yourself. This includes your beliefs about your inner qualities and how you think others see you. ___36___ Someone can develop low self-esteem even when they are highly functional and greatly skilled. Understanding this mysterious emotional currency might be the key to unlocking your own self-worth.People with healthy self-esteem don't need to boast about themselves to others. People with low self-esteem may tell you how much everyone loves them, what a great job they do at work, and how amazing they are at pretty everything under the sun even though they really wonder if it's true. People may see them as obnoxious or “full of themselves”. ___37___ They are not shy about sharing ideas, including constructive criticisms of others. They also take care of themselves without second-guessing or apologizing. They are the people who we say seem “sure of themselves”.If you're starting to think you may have low self-esteem, you can work on the way you talk to yourself. When you turn off negative self-talk, you can open the floor to positive reinforcements and access the courage to show different sides of yourself. It isn't going to feel good at first, though. Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help. ___38___However, in serious cases of low or even non-existent self-esteem, you may want to call in a professional or a specialist. Good mental health is important, and professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections. ___39___ It is the best way to get at the roots of your real self-esteem problems.___40___ It will take some work but your entire life — from your relationships to your body image to your work habits — will be touched with the kind of power that only comes from someone believing in themselves. This is the hardest part, and the greatest leap. With some changes and support, you can improve your self-esteem and see how everything else changes as a result.A．Self-esteem is not always rooted in reality, though.B．You have the power to shape a new self-perception.C．This encourages you to speak openly without worry.D．The real test of character is whether they can learn from their mistakes.E．Self-esteem refers to a person's overall sense of his or her value or worth.F．People with a healthy level of self-esteem present themselves with a casual confidence. G．With some practice and persistence, you will win this internal struggle to see your self-worth.Most of us think we have very little time, but the truth is we actually have a lot — on average, five hours 49 minutes each day, which means we typically have somewhere between 36 and 40 hours available to be spent every week however we want. So why don’t we feel time — rich?_____41_____One is that we earn more, so time feels more expensive. Then there’s the way we’ve come to see busyness as a status symbol: important people are busy, so we want to be busy, too. Add to that the flood of incoming emails and texts, along with the endless ocean of possibilities, and it’s easy to see where time goes.A second factor is the comparison we make between what we can do and what others are doing, making us anxious. ____42____ This fools us into thinking we’re being more productive with our work time, so we try to do it with our leisure time, too. When we’re playing with our kids, we check Facebook. When we’re hanging out with one group of friends, we post pictures to show another._____43_____We’re also addicted to our devices. In 2007, the amount of leisure time we spent on devices like smart-phones could be measured in minutes. Now, we spend on average 3.5 hours a day online. _____44_____You might be wondering why you need help deciding how to spend your free time — after all you know the sort of things you enjoy, so what could be so difficult? Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has a surprising opinion on it. “The popular assumption is that no skills are involved in enjoying free time, anybody can do it. Yet the evidence suggests the opposite; free time is more difficult to enjoy than work.” Worryingly, scientists have found that people are often no happier after a holiday than if they’d never taken one. ____45____ The question still remains unsettled.A．So we try to push back the tide and keep up by multi-tasking.B．No wonder people say they’re too busy to see friends, exercise or sleep.C．Would it surprise you to hear that we have more leisure time today than ever?D．How can we learn to spend time in a way that’s more likely to lead to happiness and success? E．It’s something that economist have been puzzling over and they’ve identified several reasons. F．Then you will have fewer empty experiences and far ore that are worthy of your precious time. G．This is something sociologists call “polluted time”.Life has a way of shaping us. Life can make you doubt or question your purpose.____46____.I have seen this in my own life.Poetry prepared me for my purpose. I did not see this initially, so I tried taking a different direction.____47____. I finally left behind my failures and fully launched into my destiny.In my journey towards purpose, poetry became my safety net. Poetry was my outlet from bullying by peers, which gave me low self-esteem.____48____. For every important moment in my life, I wrote poetry. During tough times, I wrote poetry. I connect with poetry on a deep level.However, writing poetry lacks financial stability.____49____. In America, I was an assistant teacher for kindergarten. When living in China, my job was an English teacher. The work I did was similar. I inspired children, giving them my love, my time and my heart. Still, poetry brought me joy.____50____.Where you are is preparing you for your purpose. Your purpose is waiting for you!A．I pursued teaching insteadB．I started writing poems at age 5C．My original plan never worked outD．The only person standing in your way is youE．It showed me how to make sense of the worldF．Poetry is my voice to be seen, heard and knownG．However, when you live out your purpose, you are unstoppable参考答案：1．G2．F3．D4．E5．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。
北京高考英语阅读理解七选五专项训练
七选五Daily life has its satisfactions, such as the perfect reply to a friend’s text message, the first after-work drink, or the unexpected gift. ____1____ That moment when the mess of 21st-century existence disappears into the non-judgmental embrace of a soft bed.Somehow we have pushed this pleasure to the back of the queue. A third of American adults report sleeping less than the recommended seven hours. Many of us feel under-rested. For some, the problem is modern life: emails, to-do lists and screens. ____2____Now there’s increasing evidence that a lack of sleep is associated with higher risk of depression, cancer, and other problems. Research published in the European Heart Journal reports that heart disease was lower among people who went to sleep between 10 p.m. and 11 p.m., no matter how long they slept. ____3____But after the appearance and rise of sleeping aids, is sleep the next part of human experience that will become increasingly tracked, counted and compared? We sigh at LinkedIn users who claim to wake up at Sam and learn Mandarin while meditating. But when people overcommit to sleeping well, it can be counter-productive.____4____ In his book Overcoming Insomnia and Sleep Problems, Oxford professor Colin Espie writes about ‘orthosomnia’, where people are so focused with sleeping well that they become too anxious to do so. The marketing of sleeping aids adds to this.Espie says we each have a sleep pattern that we figure out through trial and error. Genetically, some humans are larks and some are owls; the larks may just have better cardiovascular health. For an owl to try to fight their natural schedule, and sleep earlier, wouldn’t necessarily help.Basic sleeping advice is notably consistent, including keeping a regular pattern, cutting back on alcohol and caffeine and taking away all bedroom distractions. Instead of just loading sleep advice on individuals, we could integrate aspects of it into public health. ____5____ Employers could be sensitive to the different needs of their workers.A good night’s sleep is a profound pleasure. As far as possible, it should also remain a simple one.A．Such research is all well and good.B．The risk is that we ignore the problem.C．Then there are those who can’t sleep when they try.D．For other people, it’s the demands of work or family.E．But does any of these really compare to the joy of going to sleep?F．Schools could start later to coincide with children’s body rhythms.G．Stressing ourselves out about a lack of sleep can worsen the problem.Stare at a blank wall in any room, and you are unlikely to learn much more than the paint color. But a new technology can inconspicuously scan the same surface for shadows andreflections. ____6____ But they can be got by one tool and analyzed to determine details including how many people are in the room—and what they are doing.This tool could gather information from a partial view of a space. It can spy on activity from around a corner. ____7____As people move around a room, their bodies block a portion of any available light to create delicate and indistinct “soft shadows” on walls. ____8____ But these faint (微弱的) signals are usually drowned out by the main source of environment light. “If we neglect whatever we are observing, you would just be left with camera noise—and signal,” says Prafull Sharma, a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Sharma and other researchers did the experiment by filming a wall in a room as its occupants moved around and averaging the frames over time. ____9____ Then the team fed the videos into a machine-learning model to teach it which soft shadow patterns indicated which behavior. The resulting system can automatically analyze footage of a blank wall in any room in real time, determining the number of people and their actions.____10____ It can register only group sizes and activities for which it has been trained, and it requires a high-resolution camera; a standard digital camera creates too much background noise, and smartphone camera results are even worse.A．The technology is thought advanced.B．These can’t be caught by the human eye.C．They recorded various activities of the people in the room.D．Brightly colored clothing can even cast a light reflected glow.E．It also can monitor someone who avoids a camera’s line of sight.F．The system is considered a unique and wonderful discovery by camera specialists.G．Although this system can function in any room, it performs poorly in dim lighting.The 24 solar terms were created thousands of years ago in China to guide agricultural production. They also reflect China’s rich history through the seasonal festivals, special foods, cultural ceremonies, family gatherings and even healthy living tips that correspond with each solar term.____11____Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature. With its arrival, lively spring-like scenery starts blossoming: the river water defreezes. wild geese move from south to north and trees and grass tum green again.____12____In northern China, the spring drought is common and the precipitation of this season accounts for only 10 to 15 percent of annual average rainfall. At this time of year, farmers begin to plough their fields. It’s the right time to prepare for spring sowing when the day gets warmer.____13____During Rain Water period, extra care is needed to deal with a returning cold spell and humidity, which is the amount of water in the air.____14____It is strongly advised not to take off the thick coats too early and to keep warm, especially the elderly and children.The wet and humid weather during Rain Water period is considered harmful for people’s spleen and stomach according to Chinese medical practice.____15____People in Beijing often eat porridge(粥) cooked with a kind of Chinese herb medicine to resist cold and wet weather. Honey, dates and Chinese yam are also very good nourishment(营养) to put in the porridgeA．With Rain Water coming, insects become more active.B．A bowl of nutritious porridge is the best choice to nourish the body.C．Therefore, Rain Water is considered as a key period to water the fields.D．According to an old Chinese saying, the rainfall in spring is as precious as oil.E．The temperature in most of the basin areas increases quickly during Rain WaterF．One of the 24 solar terms, which is very important in spring, is called Rain Water.G．The fast increase in air humidity due to rainfall can result in lower temperature and wet weather.Alternative medicine has become much more popular in the West in recent years. ___16___ And they are turning to treatments such as homeopathy, yoga, and acupuncture（针灸）to complement or sometimes even replace the western medicine.Acupuncture is based on the idea that energy flows through the human body along 12 lines or meridians（经络）, which end up at the organs in the body. ___17___ To remove the blockage, an acupuncturist inserts（插入）very fine needles into the body at points along the meridians. This stimulates the flow of energy, and restores the patient's health.Acupuncture only really became well-known in the West in the 1970s as people began to travel more frequently between the two areas of the world. ___18___ However in the last few years it has become more established as an alternative to western medical treatments, since clinical tests have shown that acupuncture is effective for some conditions. ___19___ Many sportspeople have experimented with acupuncture when fighting injury. Martina Hingis, the famous tennis player, had a wrist injury cured through treatment, and NBA legend Kobe Bryant also used acupuncture on his leg. It is also used to treat depression, stress and anxiety.___20___ In the past some people have experienced allergic reactions, broken needles and even punctured lungs while being treated, although this is very uncommon.A．The treatment is often used to relieve headaches, dental pain, etc.B．Illness is the result of a blockage of the energy flow to these organs.C．The treatment is thought to increase the body's resistance to infection.D．In the Far East, acupuncture is used to treat a wide range of complaints.E．However, before you go, check if the acupuncturist is qualified and registered.F．At first, doctors in the West often doubted about the medical value of acupuncture.G．It seems that people are becoming increasingly worried about the side effects of drugs.Overthinking the Small Stuff?How many decisions have you made over the last day, week... month?Drive or Uber? Suit or no suit? Italian or Thai? iPhone or Huawei?While today’s freedom of choice has obvious benefits, the constant pressure to make perfect choices can often rob our freedom, heighten our anxiety and lower our productivity.___21___ For starters, trying to perfect every single decision is a 'mission impossible,' making it pretty in vain.____22____ And finally, research shows that trying to nail every decision reduces our ability to perform at our best and make great decisions about the things that really matter.The irony is that people who try to make the perfect decision every time tend to suffer more anxiety about their decisions, feel less satisfied with them afterward and, unsurprisingly, are less productive than people who just go with ‘good enough’.“The habit of aiming for the best possible option every time actually robs people of satisfaction and effectiveness,” wrote Barry Schwartz on the Paradox of Choice. ___23___ However, they're generally less happy about what they eventually decide upon.Better than trying to maximize every choice is to make a ‘good enough’ choice that meets a basic level of satisfaction. So you didn’t get the best possible hotel at the best possible price? Move on. So the shade of yellow you chose to paint the sunroom was a little dark? Again, move on! ___24______25___ The reason is that they aren’t wasting precious time and energy on decisions that don’t really matter. So as you think about all the decisions you have to make in the day or month ahead, focus your precious time, talents and attention on the things that truly matter. A．There are a few reasons for this.B．But some researchers do not agree with it.C．Secondly, it can be mentally and emotionally exhausting.D．Much more important issues are waiting for your attention.E．Besides that, every decision you make may disappoint you.F．Such ‘maximizers,' as Schwartz calls them, spend more time and energy reaching a decision. G．Schwartz found that 'satisficers' who live by the ‘good enough’ rule actually get more done.参考答案：1．E2．D3．B4．G5．F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。
2024届高考英语七选五专练
主题语境--人与自我第一练七选五Passage1-4突破练-保分必拿限时：14 分钟Passage1语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我--生活与学习词数：约225three simple techniques.1 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free.2 Don't worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won't work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. 3 Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle — as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. 4 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. 5 The resulting blank space invites you to revise.A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.C. The second draft of the essay should be better.D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.F. Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise.G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.Passage2语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我--积极的人生态度词数：约225 Work, family and world events can be so stressful that it feels like optimism and joy are far out of reach. Anyone can get stuck in a bad mood _but you don't have to stay there! 1Once you're in a mood you need to shake, start by going to your happy place. 2 If not, keep a photo on your phone or computer of a beautiful, favorite place and take a moment to imagine you are there. What's the weather like? Whatdoes the air smell like? What are you doing while you're there? How does being there make you feel? You'll instantly feel calmer, lost in the daydream or the memory of your happy place.We can make our situations worse by keeping thinking about negative thoughts. 3 " Bad things always happen to me, " becomes "What lesson can I learn from this situation?" "I wasted the whole day," becomes "I still have 5 more hours left to make today a great day!"Whether it is going for a coffee at your favorite cafe, or catching a movie in the theatre, make sure that once a week you schedule some "me" time. 4 That may mean getting less done during the day, but you deserve to take a mental break, regularly. So give priority to the time you need to recharge.5 Whether it's a rare bit of easy traffic on your way to work or a break in the weather, you won't have time to complain about the negative things because you're so busy being grateful.A. You can also volunteer at your local shelter.B. It helps focus on the present and clear your mind.C. Thankfully, there are ways you can get back on track.D. If you're able, get into nature and breathe the fresh air.E. Relieve your stress and refresh your mind, body and spirit.F. When a negative thought flashes, replace it with a positive one.G. When a negative attitude takes over, shake it off by practising gratitude.创新练-高分必抢限时：19 分钟Passage3语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我--个人经历词数：约320 To put into words my time in Antarctica and South Georgia is nearly impossible. I had always described it as a once-in-a-lifetime experience, but as soon as I stepped foot on the continent, I immediately knew I needed to return.1 About 50% of the passengers of our expedition (远征) had been to Antarctica at least once before. This goes to show just how magical of a destination it is.That all your senses will be stimulated is the best way I can describe the time on the white continent. How tiny you feel next to towering glaciers and icebergs! The icy water moving through your body as you take the infamous Polar Plunge. The learning of heart-touching stories of survival from explorers of the past. 2Antarctica makes you feel so small and insignificant, in the best way. 3 You get front row seats to witness the most incredible show: nature. It is as much beautiful as cruel. For example, when you see a brown skua (贼鸥) attacking a penguin chick, your heart aches. Then your expedition guide regretfully tells you that a chick that is small in March wouldhave very slim chances of surviving the upcoming winter. The cycle continues, and you're left wondering who to root for.Things move fast in Antarctica, and every month offers something really unique and special to see. In March, the weather is a bit more unpredictable, and the sea ice is beginning to form again. 4 In two more weeks, expedition ships would not be able to break through the ice.The penguins are completing their yearly feather-changing process. 5 The expedition team made sure we kept our distance and did not scare them into hiding under freezing water.These animals, arguably the cutest you will ever see, survive such unfavorable environments. It's absolutely incredible to witness the challenges, the skill, the efforts, all of it. I am forever grateful to have been a visitor.A. The list goes on.B. But this is not always the case.C. Our voyage was the last of the season.D. I was not the only one who felt this way.E. I, years later, did return to this fascinating place.F. They are really weak during this time, and cannot dive.G. Everything has a purpose, and the cycle of life is evident.Passage4语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我--健康的生活方式词数：约215routine. 1 Here are several ways for you to keep moving in hot weather and some tips for safely keeping active in the summer heat.2 Drink 16 to 24 ounces of water, sports drinks, or other liquids around twenty minutes before you begin. Try to avoid drinks that contain caffeine, a chemical substance, because that will cause you to lose water.Choose a proper time in the day to exercise. Avoid the hottest time of the day — between 11 am and 3 pm. 3 Also take care to watch the weather and avoid exercising when humidity (湿度) is high.Dress for the heat. Make sure you wear light breathable clothing before working out in the heat. Some materials like nylon easily absorb sweat and evaporate it much better than cotton. 4 If you become very hot, pour cold water into your hat to help you feel cooler.5 Remember to use a sunscreen with a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 30 or higher and apply it every two hours or after you work up a sweat. Avoid getting sunburned because it decreases your body's ability to cool itself down and also increases the risk of skin cancer.A. Wear proper sunscreen.B. Take food and water with you.C. If you exercise earlier, it'll be safer.D. But don't let a heatwave keep you down.E. Choose light colors and also have a hat on.F. And work out early in the morning or late in the day.G. Make sure that you are not thirsty before you exercise.主题语境--人与自我第二练七选五Passage5-8突破练-保分必拿限时：18 分钟Passage5语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我--生活与学习词数：约240day, and still feel happy and relaxed. 1• Pick the most important.2 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.• Combine your activities.Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family，work,Play, etc. 3 Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people in your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.• 4You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.• Lighten up.The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. 5 Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.A. Speed up.B. Be an active learner.C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.Passage6语篇类型：夹叙夹议文主题语境：人与自我--个人经历词数：约270cast their own child as Snow White. This reminded me of my seventh grade musical — "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer". I desperately wanted to play the role of Becky, the female lead who was Tom's girlfriend. 1For starters, Becky had to sing numerous solos, and I couldn't carry a tune. I also didn't have long blonde curls like pretty Linda Wright who won the part.I was assigned the non-singing role of Miss Watson, the maid. I had to wear an ugly dress. And I had only one line to learn, " That's what I say. " 2 Miss Watson was onstage in quite a few scenes, and got to repeat. "That's what I say" throughout the play.At last, our production was put onstage. Imagine my surprise when Miss Watson made the audience laugh out loud each time I piped up with "That's what I say". I hadn't known that she — or I — could be funny, or that her character was important in moving the plot along. 3That night, I began to understand that being the star may not be any more fun than being a standout in a supporting role. Each person, onstage and backstage, is essential in theater. Without everyone doing their part, the play would be dull as dishwater. 4 If everyone is a star then nothing gets done. It's all noise and chaos.And so I believe all children should get the opportunity to play Miss Watson, to become someone they didn't know they wanted to be. 5A. So it is in life.B. It was not to be.C. It was anything but a great part.D. My Miss Watson turned out to be a hit.E. It took the entire cast to make a good show.F. There was an advantage, in my opinion, though.G. I would hope all children could be a hit in life.创新练-高分必抢限时：20 分钟Passage7语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我--做人和做事词数：约255 It was time for Macy to move. She booked a few house viewings and after looking at three places, she fell in love with one house. But that night a feeling of doubt and uncertainty entered her head. 1 Will the others be cheaper?We've all found ourselves in such situations, whether we're considering job offers or buying a new car. It's a problem that involves mathematics and psychology. And it's got a name: the optimal (最优的) stopping problem. 2 It's askinghow long we spend sampling options to give the optimal chances of a successful final decision.Mathematicians have given us an answer: 37%. The basic idea is that, if we need to make a decision from 100 different options, we should sample and give up the first 37. 3 It's a period during which we identify what works and what does not. From the rejected 37%, we choose the best and keep that information in our heads moving forward.Mathematics offers us the best answer to the " optimal stopping problem". But there's just one big issue: Humans are not rational(基于理性的)probability-calculating machines. In fact, the opposite is usually true. 4 In the psychological and economics field, there is an " explore/ exploit trade-off (探索/利用权衡)".This asks whether we should go with a guaranteed "win " ( exploit) or risk going somewhere else for an unknown outcome (explore). The degree to which someone will explore or exploit depends on various factors. 5 Of course, different people are more exploitative or exploitative at different times. Teenagers and traders tend to explore more. Adults and managers exploit more.A. What if the next house is better?B. How much does it cost a month?C. The 37% rule is not some mindless, automatic thing.D. And it ties in with how curious or risk-seeking we are.E. It's then necessary for us to improve our computing power.F. So it falls on psychology to tell us about how we actually behave.G. The mathematical question for Macy concerns maximizing probabilities.Passage8语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我--日常生活词数：约300 If you’ve ever been bitten by a mosquito, you know how frustrating their bites can be. 1 , creating an itch that once you start scratching only seems to get worse. Why does a mosquito bite itch and what can we do?Why does a mosquito bite itch?When a mosquito bites you, it pierces the skin using a special mouthpart to suck up blood and injects saliva(唾液) into your skin. Mosquitoes’ saliva has lots of proteins in it, some of which our body recognizes as foreign things, and our immune cells spring into action to try to fight them. 2 It's actually the body's response to the foreign mosquito proteins it is trying to fight. That's why some people may only have a mild reaction to bites, while others, more sensitive to the foreign proteins, react with large areas of swelling that are more painful.What helps resist the urge to scratch?"Don't scratch" is the advice that most experts and health professionals give. As hard and sometimes unrealistic as it can sound, scratching inflames(使更棘手)the skin, and the inflammation makes the skin itch more. 3 ,”warned DanielMarkowski, technical adviser for the American Mosquito Control Association, adding that in extreme cases, people can scar themselves.Instead, there are dozens of creams and sprays that promise itch relief as well as home remedies (疗法). Choosing what's right for you can often come down to trial and error. In general, all of the various anti-itch creams are very similar. There is no scientific evidence that these remedies work, and they can come with their own precautions or side effects. 4 5Some people can have serious allergic reactions to mosquitoes, although in practice it is rare, V osshall said. If you experience severe symptoms such as breathing trouble, you should seek medical attention immediately.A. When to seek medical attentionB. What to do with a mosquito biteC. It's not the bite that causes the itchD. The more you scratch, the more they itchE. The little red bumps swell up almost immediatelyF. Scratching can also cause secondary infections and prolong the irritationG. In fact, the best remedy to fight the itch is to prevent a bite in the first place主题语境--人与自我第三练七选五Passage9-12突破练-保分必拿限时：18 分钟Passage9语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我--健康的生活方式词数：约220health. 1 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.2 We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.3 This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 4 For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. 5 This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life.B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.G. This makes our body suffer and we catch lifestyle and other diseases.Passage10语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我--健康的生活词数：约260on a trail, especially when I'm alone and can let my mind wander where it will. The experience of hiking is unique, research suggests, conveying benefits beyond what you receive from typical exercise. Hiking in nature is not only good for our bodies, but also good for our moods, our minds, and our relationships. 1Hiking keeps your mind sharper than many other forms of exercise. 2 But research suggests that hiking doesn't just make you feel good, it might also keep your brain in top shape.3 Exercise in general can be a good way to decrease stress. But what sets hiking apart from other forms of exercise is that hiking can happen almost anywhere and give you that dose of nature you need to stay happy.Hiking can increase our creativity. I'm sure I'm not alone in finding that walks in nature let my mind wander freely in creative directions. 4 Studies have found connections between creative thinking and nature experiences, too.Hiking helps strengthen a positive relationship with the natural world. Besides being good for us, hiking may also help the world around us. After all, if we can walk and cover longer distances, we could use cars less and reduce our carbon footprint. 5 It increases our connection with nature. Developing a positive relationship with the natural world can help us to care about its fate, making us more committed to conservation efforts.A. Hiking helps to keep you calm and happy.B. Hiking and writing have strong connections.C. Beyond that, hiking benefits our planet indirectly.D. Here is what science is saying about the benefits of hiking.E. In fact, I've written many of my songs while hiking on a trail.F. This all goes to show that hiking may be one of the best ways to move your body.G. Being a professional writer, I sometimes have trouble taking the time to hike in the middle of my workday.创新练-高分必抢限时：17 分钟Passage11语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我--日常生活词数：约235 Houseplants are common in many homes, but they take quite a lot of love and care to grow successfully. 1 However, you can take steps to become a better caregiver.If you're new to growing plants, start with something that's easy to grow. If you choose a desert cactus (仙人掌) as your starter plant, that's fine. 2 That you see a particular species everywhere doesn't mean it's an easy plant to grow. It may be everywhere because it's easy to reproduce in a greenhouse, not at home. Some houseplants that are easy to care for include sweet flag, bamboo, spider plants, etc.3 With too little light, plants will produce small-sized leaves and become leggy. And too much light can result in plants with burn marks and dry leaves. Therefore, you should know what plants need what light and ensure them the right light.Plants also need water to grow. The amount of water plants need depends on the type of the plant.Understanding whateach plant needs will help you water it properly. 4 Even the same species in the same situation in different pots may need water at different times. Treat each plant as an individual.And don't forget fertilizer (肥料). It's important for the growth and development of the plants. Too much fertilizer can result in slow growth and plants just stop growing and start declining if they don't get enough nutrients. 5A. Avoid trying to water plants on a strict schedule.B. Sunlight is the fundamental source of energy on Earth.C. Unfortunately, not every person is born with gardening talent.D. Light, water and nutrients are basic things plants need to survive.E. Just make sure it's an easy plant that you know you can take care of.F. So follow the instructions on the package and feed them with the right amount.G. A good garden store will have different kinds of fertilizers for different types of plants.Passage12语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我--生活与学习词数：约245 Sometimes, no matter how much effort you put into preparing for an interview, something goes wrong. Maybe you wake up with a headache or can't take your mind off a pressing personal matter. 1 Luckily, you can use some strategies to recover from a bad job interview.Give yourself time.A bad interview can leave you feeling upset and beating yourself up. Take some time to reflect on the experience. 2 It's easy to become convinced that the interview went even worse than it actually did. Remember, this is only one opportunity, and there will be more.3Once you've spent some time reviewing the interview, ask yourself if there is anything you can learn from your mistakes. Did the interview go poorly because you were late? Were you too stressed? Did you give a wrong answer to a common interview question? 4 You can prepare better for your next interview.Request a second chance.No one wants to ruin an interview, but employers are humans too and understand that people have bad days. If you think you've blown an interview, don't just give up. Although there's no sure-fire success, it's always a good idea to send a thank-you email after your interview, and it can't hurt to explain in the email why you were off your game. 5 Even if you can't save an interview that went poorly, there are things you can do to help reduce the stress. Take a deep breath and move on to the next opportunity.A. Look for lessons.B. Admit your mistakes.C. However, don't think about it for too long.D. Then ask if there is any way you can meet again.E. Showing appreciation may give a positive impression.F. Identifying the exact reason helps you fix the problem.G. Whatever it is, the circumstance may result in a poor performance.主题语境--人与社会第四练七选五Passage13-16突破练-保分必拿限时：17 分钟Passage13语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会--健康搭档词数：约245You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym," while another read: " 1 " With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.So, how do you find a workout partner?First of all, decide what you want from that person. 2 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response. 3 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 4You and your partner will probably have different skills. 5 Over time, both of you will benefit —your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.C. You'll work harder if you train with someone else.D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?E. How can you write a good " seeking a training partner" notice?F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.Passage14语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会--科技与生活词数：约260colorful images, interesting videos, bite-sized info, easy-to-read stories, viewing other people's lives... All is designed tokeep us addicted. 1 An increasing number of studies indicate that social media can have a negative impact on our relationships IRL (that's "in real life" for non-techies). The good news is that you don't have to go backwards to avoid the dangers of social media. 2Set time limitsTry the Pomodoro Technique. 3 Using this method, you break your workday into 25-minute periods separated by 5-minute breaks. Use an ordinary kitchen timer (to get away from using your phone) to set limits and schedule an activity to do afterwards. Then when the timer rings, step away from your device and turn off those notifications. 4 The infinite scroll (无限滚动) , as it's termed by developers, is specifically designed to keep you aimlessly looking at news feeds and passively taking in everything you see. Before you go online, decide what you're going for and stick to it. In this focused way you can go straight to what you want to see without mindlessly scrolling for things that don't support your intentions.Avoid comparison5 This famous saying has never been truer than when we see other people's seemingly " perfect lives" online. It can leave us feeling that we're simply not good enough. Although comparing ourselves to others is normal human behavior, remember that people's social media pages are not a true reflection of their real life.A. Stay focused.B. Scroll freely.C. Comparison is the thief of joy.D. However, there is a darker aspect.E. No man is happy but by comparison.F. This time-management strategy breaks your time up into periods.G. Instead, you can free yourself from dependence but still enjoy the positive side.创新练-高分必抢限时：16 分钟Passage15语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会--科技发展词数：约240car makers have been shifted from physical controls to touch screens. 1 Instead of lots of physical buttons, you have a single touch screen. You can use it to move between the different controls.The touch screen is a single system for many controls in your car. So simple? Actually, not simple at all, 2 It will always be more challenging to use. It will likely take more time to use for each function.Worse still, the touch screen mayalso put you at greater risk of being in an accident.In a car with buttons and other physical controls, you can often perform the same tasks without looking. 3 And you most likely receive physical feedback (反馈) through your fingers letting you know you've succeeded. Buttons are probably faster than touch screens. With a button, you reach over and easily get your fingers on it.4 They may be effective, but many also require multiple attempts to work. If you've ever asked your phone to do something, you know there are still challenges in speech recognition.However, if you need to use the touch screen to control systems in your car, I have a few suggestions.Get your basic setup running before your car is running down the road. If you have a passenger, let that person control the touch screen. 5A. But this also means extra steps for each action.B. The touch screen is far more complex than buttons.C. New cars are often completely touch screen-controlled.D. Physical controls have great advantages over touch screens.E. Always keep your eyes on the road instead of the fancy screen.F. You know when your hand is in the right place to use the controls.G. Some cars with touch screen controls can respond to voice commands.Passage16语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会--人际交往词数：约240There is no denying that it's hard to cheer up a friend when you can't be by their side. If you're looking for some ways to help your friends through hard times, this article is here to help.Text them to let them know that they're on your mind. 1 If your friends are in need of comfort, send them frequent reminders that you're thinking of them and tell them you miss them. It will let your friends know that they're still a presence in your life even if they're far away.2 This is a classic way to show someone that you care. Surprise them with something special to make their day -arrange for flowers to be delivered to their apartment or mail them one of their favorite records.3 Items like a handmade card will lift their spirits all the same.Provide a humorous distraction(使人分心的事).Next time you see a funny picture online that you know your friends would like, send it to them. Avoid sending something funny during a deep discussion or right after your friends have told secrets to you, though. 4Schedule a virtual(虚拟的)get-together. Make it more of an event than your usual phone call. Watch a movie online together. Pick a recipe and make the food in your respective kitchens. 5 And your friends will feel super valued to know that。
2020北京高考英语七选五专项试题(19页)
2020北京高考英语七选五专项试题阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
1It is natural that young people are often uncomfortable when they are with their parents. They say that their parents don't understand them. They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways, that they are too serious and too strict with their children, and that they seldom give their children a free hand.It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children's trust and they tend to forget how they themselves felt when young.For example, young people like to act on the spot without much thinking. It is one of their ways to showthat they have grown up and they can face any difficult situation. Older people worry more easily. Most of them plan things ahead, at least in the back of their minds, and do not like their plans to be upset by something unexpected.When you want your parents to let you do something, you will have better success if you ask before you really start doing it.Young people often make their parents angry with their choices in clothes, in entertainment and in music. But they do not mean to cause any trouble; it is just that they feel cut off from the older people's world, into which they have not yet been accepted. That's why young people want to make a new culture of their own, and if their parents do not like their music or entertainment or clothes or their ways of speech, this will make the young people extremely happy.Sometimes you are so proud of yourself that you do not want your parents to say“yes” to what you do. All you want is to be left alone and do what you like. It is natural enough, after being a child for so many years, when you were completely under your parents' control.If you plan to control your life, you'd better win your parents over and try to get them to understand you. If your parents see that you have a high sense of responsibility, they will certainly give you the right to do what you want to do.________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________2.Spending time together is very important for a family. Parents can use this time to really get to know their children, and children love spending time together with their parents.Whether it is breakfast, lunch or dinner, families can always come together at the table. Meal time can feed more than just the baby alone. Family relations can be promoted as well. Eating breakfast together is a great way to start the day. Eatingdinner together every night allows families to share the happenings of the day and plan for tomorrow.Everyone loves a good movie. Break out a bowl of popcorn and gather on the couch together for a family movie night once a week. After a week or two, family members begin to really look forward to this relaxing and quiet family time.Pack up your tent and head for the hills. Going camping is a great way for family members to have some of that special time together, and a great way to have a holiday too!Games are fun for both kids and adults. There are so many games to choose from! This is a wonderful way to bring family members together as games make family time so fun!Gather your family together for a story. Kids just love bedtime stories. This allows parents to spend a bit of time with their kids, too. Children will fall asleep much easier after having a story read to them. This little bit of family time is beneficial in a lot of ways.Enjoy your family time and have fun with it. You'll remember the special time for the rest of your lives.________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________3.A well-developed class website can save teachers a lot of time in the long run, improving both student-teacher and parent-teacher communication while providing a place to store all classroom documents for future use. Although some extra time during the school year is required, once the site is up it needs just minor adjustments each new year. Have a question? Get an answer from online technology support now.Decide which type of software you will use to create a class website. Microsoft has many applications that can be used to create websites, such as Publisher and Expression Web. Some Web hosting sites also have simple editing tools you can use instead of a formal program.Find a place to host your class website. Your Internet provider often provides some small space for a personal website for free, and many other free website hosting companies are on the Internet.Consider using a template(模版)for your first attempt at website design. Most templates also come with a selection of colour and graphics already in place so you can concentrate on content instead of design. It will contain basic sections with your specific class information.Add content to your website. You need to have announcement sections for both parents and students, a syllabus or class rules area, homework assignments or a calendar, and maybe a links section for learning more about in-class topics and playing educational games.Decorate your website with graphics, clip art, background, cool fonts(字体)and other decorative items. It's best to find a theme you like and make your design elements all match your theme. Remember to keep it simple since too many colours and pictures make a site look busy and weaken its usability.________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____4.We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don't do a very good job. This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech.So, you have to give a speech and you're terrified. You get nervous, forget whatyou want to say, stumble (结巴)over words, talk too long and bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank goodness, it's over. I'm just not good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again.”Cheer up! It doesn't have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of time doing your research. Then spend plenty of time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible and use pictures, charts and graphs if they will help you make your points more clearly. Never forget your audience. Don't talk over their heads and don't talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.Just remember: Be prepared. Know your subject, your audience and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.If you follow these simple steps, you'll see that you don't have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! If you're not convinced yet, give it a try and see what happens.________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____5.You're sitting on the train home and the person opposite you yawns (打哈欠). Suddenly, you're yawning with him, though you're not tired.This phenomenon confused scientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to sympathize(同情) with fellow humans. Supporting this claim was the discovery that those children who were unable to form normal emotional ties with others did not experience contagious(有传染性的) yawning, which showed that humans communicate regularly without words.Hugo D．Critchley, a neuroscientist, has conducted an experiment recently, which will prove that happiness and sadness can spread like the common cold. According to Critchley, our mind and body are in constant exchange about how we're feeling. “Emotions are closely linked with states of internal (体内的) responses，”he explained. “There are also more visible changes in our gestures and facial expressions. When we're in a group, these signals can spread to another person. For example, there's the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are lessobvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.Hugo D．Critchley further explained, “Our bodies synchronize(同步) and when we like the other person, we ever copy his behaviour. Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how you're sitting—it's pretty likely that you will be the same. Scientists believe it's our way of telling each other that we're partners. Through body language, humans give each other very subtle but clear signals that show emotions.”So, what lessons can we learn from this? “Spend time with happy people—otherwise your health could suffer，”said Critchley. “When we're sad, our body goes into fight or flight mode. But when we're happy, our body works normally and we feel relaxed and positive. So we look bright, our skin glows, we feel healthy and it affects everyone around us.”________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.Baseball is a great game, one that is played and enjoyed by tens of millions of people. Many of those who enjoy the game grow up playing baseball and watching baseball games. Few get good enough to be a great player, but everyone can, with practice, become a better player.How can you develop your baseball skills? The answer is simple: play. The more you play, the more you'll learn about the game. You'll develop baseball instincts(直觉)—you'll know what to do without even thinking about it. Your skills will get better and better. And whether or not you become a great player, you will likely develop a deep love for the game of baseball that you can share with your friends and family. Many adults' most wonderful memories are of playing baseball when they were kids.Hitting practice is the time to experiment. First, try out different kinds of bats(球棒)—heavy bats, light bats, long bats, short bats, wooden bats, and metal bats. You don't necessarily have to buy yourself a new bat to try it out. Borrow a bat from a friend, or buy a cheap used bat at a second-hand store.Then try different ways to stand. Watch your favourite player's stance(站立姿势). Try out some of the advice a coach or a friend has given you. Find out what feels the most comfortable. As long as you can see the ball well and keep your eye on the ball, then your stance is fine. You may find a better stance someday, but for now, gowith what feels the best.Most importantly, work on hitting the ball. Don't worry about how hard you hit it. Just practise hitting the ball with every swing. After all this hitting practice, you'll find your hitting gets better and better. Your body will know exactly what to do. In the end, without even trying, you'll start hitting the ball harder.________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _______7.Online schools are becoming very popular today. Whether it is working professionals who cannot afford the time to go to a full-time college because of their huge workload or stay-at-home mums who have many duties and cannot join in a college, online schools are much enjoyed at all. And now, even regular students, who have the time to go to college, are going in for online education, as it leaves them with enough time to pursue(追求) other things, such as a part-time job or a hobby, along with studying. However, as with everything, there are both advantages and disadvantages of online schooling.Let's start with the positives. These schools cost much less. You don't have to spend money on buying books or bus fees. Another advantage is the flexibility it provides. You can study at any time during the day. You can study wherever you want—in your house, at a café or even in a park.Move on to the disadvantages of online schooling. Those students who always need a push from their teachers to do well, are very likely not to do well in online schools. And the greatest disadvantage of going to school online is that there are many employers who prefer students with a traditional degree to those who have an online degree. The employers feel that students who go to full-time colleges are more knowledgeable compared to those who have online degrees. Since the very purpose of education is to land a person a good job, online degrees, many a time, do not serve this purpose.No doubt that online schools offer the freedom which no regular college can provide. However, how much the employers will value the degrees and whether a student can actually make his own study schedule and most importantly, stick to it, depend upon individuals( 个人). So in the end, it can be rightly said, online schools are good for some, while others should give them a skip.________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________8.Christmas, which falls on Dec. 25 every year, is the most important festival in the West.During Christmas, a big fat man in a red suit usually takes centre stage. His name is Santa Claus.He lives in the North Pole and sends presents to children in a magic sled that is pulled by flying reindeer.It sounds crazy, but Santa Claus is very popular. Small children around the world even leave food out for Santa and his reindeer on the night before Christmas. When they wake up in the morning, some of the food is eaten and there are presents under the Christmas tree.As you grow older you learn that Santa is not real and it is in fact just your parents. I was about 7 or 8 years old when I figured it out myself. But that doesn't stop people celebrating Christmas in the same way.So where did Santa Claus come from? Santa was actually a real man called Saint Nicholas, which sounds very similar to Santa Claus. He was born about 2，000 years ago in the Roman Empire. He was a very kind priest(神父) who would travel the country to help people, giving gifts late at night. He did not like to be seen giving gifts, so children were encouraged to go to sleep quickly. Nothing has changed today, with Santa Claus not visiting until all the children are asleep.The United States' version (版本) of Santa Claus was started when Dutch settlers arrived about 400 years ago. They called him Sinterklaas and that was slowly changed to Santa Claus over the years. Once big companies like Coca Cola began to use Santa Claus in their advertisements, he quickly became a symbol of Christmas.________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________9.Over the past few years, there has been a big increase in the number of people sharing information online. In this article, we will learn about some positive factors for people to share information online.We often share information with our friends in the office or at home to educate, entertain or pleasantly surprise them. In this way, we can connect with others. This is also true while sharing information online. If you look at the Facebook wall posts of your friends, you will realize that most of their updates are usually famous quotes, entertaining videos, inspirational images, funny jokes, etc. Ninety-four per cent of those who responded to a survey by The New York Times said they put a lot of thought into how the content they are sharing will be beneficial to others.A lot of people share information online to portray their true self to the outside world. Some people, especially those who are shy and not comfortable talking about their areas of interest in the presence of others, find it extremely convenient to share that information online with like-minded individuals.Seventy-eight per cent of the respondents in the study of The New York Times said they shared information online because it helps them develop better relationships. Today, a lot of people do not have the time to meet each other in person, and the Internet has become a great substitute. A lot of people now “meet” each other online, rather than in conventional places like restaurants and pubs.Lastly, when we share our thoughts online, we are actively engaging with thevast community of people who are a part of the World Wide Web. Sharing information will make a difference to the viewpoint of others, or add to their understanding about the world.________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________10.Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and got up early, we would be energetic the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all.In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best condition. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and correctly in the morning than at any other time of the day. And it is certain that we find it easier to understand what we learn in the morning. If we get up early and do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, without doubt we can build up our bodies and become much healthier. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. For example, if everyone in the familygets up early, wives will have enough time to prepare the breakfast for the whole family; children will have enough time to catch the school bus, and husbands will never forget to change their dirty shirt. Everything will be in order. However, if we get up late, we'll probably have to do everything in a hurry.Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. Late risers may find it difficult to form the habit of getting up early. They have to make an effort to do so. If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it.________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____答案：1One possible version:Many children and parents can't get along. For example, young people tend to do things without thinking twice, while older people plan things ahead. Also, young people like to try on something new. Despite different thinking and behaviour, they don't intend to make their parents angry. They simply want to make a new culture of their own and be independent. Anyway, young men are advised to win their parents' support and shoulder responsibility.2.One possible version：Family time is a golden chance for members to know each other. (要点1)To strengthen family ties, you can have meals together regularly. (要点2)Besides, watching movies and camping are both great ways to enjoy family time. (要点3)Playing games is also a good way, which both parents and kids enjoy. Lastly, bedtime stories benefit you all. (要点4)Whatever it is, the family time is necessary to every member.(要点5)3.One possible version：A class website is of great help in communication and information storage.(要点1) When you first create one, decide on the software to create and the place to host the class website.(要点2) Then, you are advised to use a template to focus more on details rather than design. (要点3)Afterwards, add detailed content. (要点4)Also, you can polish it with decorative items as long as you can ensure the site's usability. (要点5)4One possible v ersion：Many people are afraid of giving a speech. (要点1)And few know how to make excellent speeches. There are some simple steps to improve your speaking ability. (要点2)Firstly, take the purpose and the audience into consideration when you are preparing for a speech. (要点3)Besides, a speech will be more clear and brief with the help of examples and pictures.(要点4) Lastly, be yourself. Communicate with the audience thoughtfully and sincerely. (要点5)With these tips in mind, you are morelikely to make it.(要点6)5One possible v ersion：You yawn with the person opposite you if he yawns. A recent study found it is because people sympathize with each other. (要点1) A scientist conducted an experiment and proved that emotions spread among people.(要点2)Furthermore, we even copy one's behaviour if we like him or her.(要点3)So it is of great importance to spend time with happy people, for their happiness can make us happy. Then our body will work positively and we will be healthy. (要点4)6.One possible v ersion：Baseball is a popular game.(要点1) To develop your baseball skills, you have to practise. The more you practise, the more you will learn about the game. (要点2)During practice, you should try out different kinds of bats, find your most comfortable stance and practise hitting the ball until you are good at it.(要点3)7.One possible v ersion：Nowadays online schools are enjoying great popularity because of their low cost and the freedom regular schools can't provide.(要点1) However, online schooling has its own disadvantages.(要点2) It is likely that those who need others to press them to study won't behave well in online schools. (要点3)Besides, many employers don't value online degrees. (要点4)So online education is not suitable for everyone.(要点5) you could know the three old friends were really going separate__ways．One possible v ersion：As the most popular man on the most important Western festival, (要点1) Santa Claus and his presents remain much expected even after children know Santa is actually their parents. (要点2) And legend has it that Santa was possibly a priest in the Roman Empire who gave gifts at night around the country or , (要点3)in the US, a figure brought by the Dutch settlers who later became a symbol of the festival there. (要点4)9.One possible version：People increasingly share information online for several positive reasons. (要点1)Most people hope what they share will benefit others. Some people show their true self by sharing information online. (要点2) People also do this to keep in touch with friends and make new acquaintances. (要点3)Quite a few people share their thoughts online hoping to influence others' viewpoints in a positive way. (要点4)10.One possible version：Getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot.(要点1) Firstly, it helps us with our studies because in the morning we can remember things quickly and correctly.(要点2) Secondly, we can become healthier by breathing fresh air and doing exercise early in the morning.(要点3) Thirdly, it enables us to make a better preparation for the day.(要点4)Getting up early is a good habit and we should try our best to keep it.(要点5)。
北京市各地区2023届高考英语一模试题分类汇编-04七选五
北京市各地区2023届高考英语一模试题分类汇编-04七选五一、七选五参考答案：1．G 2．D 3．E 4．F 5．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。
散步被认为是最好的运动之一。
对许多人来说，每天散步对身体和精神都有巨大而长期的好处。
然而，这个习惯不仅仅是一个健康的习惯，也是创造力的必要因素。
斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，与坐着相比，走路时人们更有创造力。
1．根据空白处上文“For many people,daily walking offers massive and long-term physical and mental benefits(对许多人来说，每天散步对身体和精神都有巨大而长期的好处)”以及下文“A Stanford University study found that participants were more creative when walking as opposed to sitting(斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，与坐着相比，参与者在走路时更有创造力).”可知，此处上下文说的是走路不仅有益于身体健康，也是有利于创造力的培养，G项“However, this habit isn’t just a healthy habit but a necessary element of creativity(然而，这个习惯不仅是一个健康的习惯，也是创造力的必要因素)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。
2．根据下文“Our creative mindset is triggered by physical movement(我们的创造性思维是由身体运动引发的)”可知，走路时的身体运动很重要，D项“The physical movement during walking is obviously key(走路时的身体运动显然是关键)”表达的含义一致，讲述身体运动是重要的。
故选D项。
3．根据上文“Just by going outside, you are stepping out of your habitual surroundings and your comfort zone,which is necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities(只要走出去，你就走出了你习惯的环境和舒适区，如果你想打开你的思维，接受新的可能性，这是必要的)”可知此处说的是要到外面去走走，E项“You can walk through a park and observe people relaxing or birds singing(你可以穿过公园，观察人们放松或鸟儿唱歌)”符合语境，承接上文，故选E项。
北京高考英语阅读题七选五(附解析)
一、Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people．____1____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes．____2____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心）the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，can lead to less pain．Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going tobed．____3____While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels，through the lowering of stress and anxiety．When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测）that it's not the style of music，but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____4____ On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit．____5____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable．A．This feeling can also result in many other health problems．B．Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．C．This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing．D．They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．E．The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive．F．It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．G．Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.____6____We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can’t imagine doing anything else with my life.” Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. “Teaching dance is wonderful. _____7_____It’s great to watch them. For many of them, it’s a way of meeting people and having a social life.”____8____“I can tell you about one young couple,” says Bridges. “They’re learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. ______9______”So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says, “Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better._____10_____ I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I’m alive.”A．So why do we dance?B．Dance in the U.S. is everywhere.C．If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.D．My older students say it makes them feel young.E．I keep practicing even when I’m extremely tired.F．Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.G．They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.二、Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?_____11_____, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. _____12_____, they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones._____13_____. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. _____14_____. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. _____15_____.A．While all of them are usefulB．Whatever you’re looking forC．If you’re experimenting with a colorD．Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar withE．It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF．So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG．Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 三、Why Do We Get Angry?Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. ___16___Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. _____17_____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance aremuch more likely to get angry. ____18____ Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.___19___Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.___20___However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.A．Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well. B．But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger. C．Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.D．Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.E．Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.F．Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.G．Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.四、Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. ___21___One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. ___22___ We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections betweenneurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.___23___Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. ___24___The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. ___25___ “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.A．We should also try to sleep well the night before.B．It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C．Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. D．The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E．That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F．“Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.G．Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.五、If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. ___26___The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. ____27____ We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distanceto take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. ____28____ Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.___29___ We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.___30___ It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.A．This time there was no tent.B．Things are going to be improved.C．The trip they took me on was a rough one.D．I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.E．I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.F．After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.G．There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.六、Evaluating Sources of health InformationMaking good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to fins relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. ___31___ Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. ______32______Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour ＂contributes to＂or is ＂associated with＂an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. ___33___ Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. ____34____ Evaluate ＂scientific＂statements carefully, and be aware of quackery (江湖骗术).___35___ Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.A．Make choices that are right for you.B．The goal of an ad is to sell you something.C．Be sure to work through the critical questions.D．And examine the findings of the original research.E．Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.F．Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s pointof view.G．The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.七、Getting your children to study can be a little like getting them to eat their vegetables.____36____ Make a study time and have it at the same time every day. This will help your kids to learn to schedule their day and will give them a sense of control over how they spend their time.Allow them to study in blocks of time, such as for half an hour with a five-minute break in the middle. ____37____ Ideal(理想的) study times are after dinner or right after school before dinner.Never allow your children to study in front of the television, as that will encourage passive activity. ____38____You’ll also need to help your kids find the right place to study. After you’ve set up a good study time for little learners, set up a good place where they can get those creative juices flowing.____39____ Make sure there is a table or a desk and a comfortable chair.____40____ This includes helping them out with their homework sometimes and being there for them with the answers to any questions. The input you give your children during study periods will help form a bond and help make studying enjoyable.A．Pick a place where your children can study properly.B．Hold them to the schedule they create for themselves.C．Finally, spend time with your kids when they’re studying.D．Keep the atmosphere light and offer lots of encouragement, too.E．Instead, use TV as a treat or a reward when the homework is completed.F．Try to stop this bad habit by offering some sort of reward.G．One of the best ways to form good study habits for your kids is to design a schedule that they keep to.八、This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing．Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them．They can seem forgetful and clumsy．___41___They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things．But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history．___42___Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others．Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams．___43___And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even makingmeaningless drawings．It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concerntrate．“Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep．___44___Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowlyaway．___45___Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds．A．Having interesting things to think about also helps．B．They stare off into space and wander by themselves．C．Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity , Coke or Post-it notes．D．At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses．E．It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive．F．Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand．G．Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone．参考答案：1．F2．B3．D4．G5．E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。
超实用高考英语复习：专题32 阅读理解七选五北京卷历年真题(考情+导图+高考真题+模拟) 原卷版
新高考英语二轮复习【培优小题狂练】专题32阅读理解七选五北京卷历年真题（考情+导图+真题+模拟）养成良好的答题习惯，是决定成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
【历年高考真题】Test 1 (2023•北京卷)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions abo u t where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. ____35____When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teachin gexcellence is not counted in rankings. ____36____Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. ____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.Test 2 (2022•北京卷)Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. 35 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.36 We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. 37 This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 38 For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases.39 This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life.B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.Test 3 (2021•北京卷)Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. ____35____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued. Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.____36____However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is in pain. By distracting （分心）the mind from the pain, music, people say, can lower stress and anxiety levels. This, of course, can lead to less pain.Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. ____37____While the validity of the idea is still being assessed, the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure. Similarly, according to researchers, listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels, through the lowering of stress and anxiety.When it comes to heart health, there is speculation （推测）that it's not the style of music, but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health. In one European study, participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure. ____38____ On the other hand, when the music slowed, the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.____39____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for, which is what makes music so valuable.A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems.B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud.C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing.D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep.E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive.F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety.G. Interestingly, the more cheerful the music was, the faster their heart rates were.Test 4 (2020•北京卷)Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself. 46 Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.47 People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans (寿命), lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.48 For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer(缓冲作用)against depression and anxiety. Resilient(适应性强的)people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress. 49In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem.50Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health.A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well.F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.Test 5 (2019•北京卷)Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished（完成）in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 46 Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?47 They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; a bove that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate（协调）their actions. 48 In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team’s performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, ＂There is no I in TEAM.＂49Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war（拔河比赛）, whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.50 . An A-team may require a balance—not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.A. It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talentC. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention.D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.Test 6 (2018•北京卷)Why Do We Get Angry?Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. ___51___Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. _____52_____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. ____53____ Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.___54___Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.___55___However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.Test 7 (2017•北京卷)Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 71One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.73Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 75 “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the id ea.G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.Test 8 (2016•北京卷)The Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 46 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work?The reason why any of us take any risks al all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 47 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 48No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 49 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.50 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of risk-see king, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.A．It all depends on your character.B．Those are the risks you should jump to take.C．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.D．Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.E．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.F．However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.G．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.Test 9 (2015•北京卷)This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputa tion for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while yo u are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.74 Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 75 Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.A．Having interesting things to think about also helps.B．They stare off into space and wander by themselves.C．Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity , Coke or Post-it notes.D．At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.E．It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.F．Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.G．Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.【名校好题强化】【01】（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）Many of us set goals, but sometimes we fail to achieve them. There are many causes why we don’t manage to realize our goals. 1 There is a way, though, to help address this problem: set reminders. People employ a psychological strategy called cognitive (认知的) offloading, where we use a physical action to reduce demands on our brain. Specifically, we may outsource our intentions from being stored in our brains to reminders outside our head. 2 Understanding the benefits of cognitive offloading can improve our ability to remember andfollow through with our intentions. The biggest benefit is simply that it improves memory performance. It increases the probability that we will work towards the goals we need to reach.3 “The more we offload unimportant information, such as items on a shopping list, the more we can use our brai n for those more significant cognitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, professor at the University College London.4 Still, there are potential negative parts for it. We are more likely to forget what we offloaded if we no longer access our storage, such as when our smartphone dies. We also tend to offload the important things we most want to remember. In a surprise test where their reminders were wiped clean, the participants were more likely to forget the important items and recall the unimportant ones, that is, the more important the intention we want to remember, the more likely we are to offload it—and to forget it.We’d better tend to create reminders when we think we need them, but not necessarily when we do need them. 5 “I f our understanding of our memory ability is wrong, this suggests that we will either overuse or underuse reminders,” Gilbert said. “We can learn by noticing the times that we have forgotten to do something and could have used reminders to help.”A．Cognitive offloading has noticeable benefits.B．One common reason is that we simply forget them.C．Besides, it can free up our limited cognitive resources.D．A good example can be documents on our smartphone calendars.E．The process of cognitive offloading helps us identify false information.F．Our beliefs about how good our memory is directly influence whether we set them.G．Other experts say it’s too soon to understand how cognitive offloading affects our brains.【02】（2023上·北京丰台·高三统考期中）All the feelsYou can make your picture book memorable by concentrating on emotional connection. This works across every principle of writing, regardless of age range or genre (文体), because it is universally recognized. 6The reason why emotional connection works is that emotion is a fundamental human experience. 7 It also brings us together and reminds us that although we have differences, people are fundamentally the same. By bringing emotion into your story, you tap into that consciousness. The story feels more real to us. It is consistent with us, and as a result, we have a richer reading experience.8 This is useful for your picture book writing, such as choosing vocabulary to use or adopting a suitable linguistic style. Once you know the genre of a book, you can think about the kind of emotional storytelling a reader would expect from this genre.For example, if it’s a funny picture book, your reader is clearly expecting to laugh. Make sure they laugh. If it’s an adventure story, your reader will be expecting to feel excitement, anticipation and probably a little mild fear. If it’s a heartwarming story, your reader expects to feel warm, comforted and overflowing with love. 9Another reason for including emotion in your picture book is to really get your reader inside your character’s head. Firstly, it helps build on the young reader’s emotional development and understanding of self and others. 10 As well as caring about character, an emotion-filled picture book therefore keeps us on our toes.If you want your story to stand out amongst other stories, give your reader something to remember — a strong emotional connection.A．Secondly, it creates interest in the character.B．It helps us make sense of the world around us.C．An emotional ending in a picture book works well.D．When we feel something, we will have sharp minds.E．This is obviously not a complete list, but it is a starting point.F．Here is why it works and how you can use it in your picture book writing.G．Picture books have many different genres and your job is to know which genre your story sits in.【03】（2023上·北京海淀·高三统考期中）Which is healthier: a bag of crisps or a vegetable salad? That is easy. Now which is healthier: a pizza made from scratch or one made from the same basic ingredients, with the same number of calories, pulled out of a box in the freezer? Many people would instinctively(本能地) say the former, perhaps showing a vague concern with processed food. Such food can often be delicious. And there is much to cheer about calories being cheap and abundant. 11What’s the distinction between “ultra-processed food(upf)” and “processed food”? Almost everything people consume is processed in some form. Rice is harvested; animals are butchered. Upf is usually described as “formulations of ingredients, made by a series of industrial processes, many requiring advanced equipment and technology”. 12 The one in the freezer, with its extra, modified ingredients, is upf.Upf harms people in ways both known and unknown. It seems to affect the trillions of bacteria that contribute to health in a range of ways. Calorie-rich but usually nutrient-poor, upf contributes to obesity(肥胖症).Upf displaces healthier alternatives, particularly for poor people. 13 Extra weight was once a sign of wealth, but among British and American women today, obesity rates are higher at lower-income levels.14 Additives that may be safe in small quantities may be harmful in combination with other chemicals or when consumed regularly. If we are what we eat, considering the impact of upf is essential.15 People who live in so-called “food swamps”, where upf is everywhere but real food is harder to reach, could spend large amounts of time and money seeking out fresh food, but that is not how most people live. There is nothing wrong with the odd fast-food trip, but anyone who can afford to eat less upf probably should.A．Environment matters, too.B．It’s cheap to produce and buy.C．But that cheapness and abundance come at a cost.D．Even foods labeled “natural” or “organic” can be processed.E．A pizza made from scratch contains minimally processed food.F．Some people have a particular weakness for salty potato crisps.G．The reasons why upf can be harmful are not always clear, even to scientists.【04】（2023·全国·高三专题练习）It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 16When I talk to families as a sch olar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 17Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 18 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 19 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.20 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.A．Higher education has achieved its true potential.B．Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.C．Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.D．However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.E．Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.F．They’re even more surprised at how teaching is unde rvalued by universities.G．In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.【05】（2023·北京·首都师范大学附属中学校考模拟预测）Children love getting dirty. 21 But getting muddy could have a powerful effect on their wellbeing, too.“Don’t get dirty!” was once a constant family warning, as parents despairingly watched their children spoil their best clothes. Whether they were running through farmers’ fields, climbing trees or catching tadpoles, it was inevitable that children’s whites w ould turn brown before the day was over.Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. With the rise of urbanism, and the temptation of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. 22What is gained in laundry bills may be lost in the child’s wellbeing. According to recent research, the dirt outside is teaming with friendly microorganisms. 23Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. Natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractible. Supporting this theory, one study from 2009 found that children。
北京市海淀区清华大学附属中学高一七选五专题英语测试(附答案)[001]
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北京市海淀区清华大学附属中学高一七选五专题英语测试(附答案)Have you ever wondered why people from different parts of the world eat different types of food or why certain foods and cooking traditions are so important to one’s culture? ____1____ On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture, and we learn to be closely connected with it. Sometimes foods help us remember things in the past - memories that have special meanings to us. ____2____ When I was sick as a child, my mother used to cook soup for me. The smell and taste of the soup became something very familiar to me. Now, whenever I feel tired or stressed, I remember the soup my mum used to make for me.____3____ Traditional cooking is passed down from one generation to the next by maintaining precious family recipes. Immigrants (移民) cook traditional food as a way of preserving their culture in their new homes and as a means of coping with homesickness.Each country or community’s unique cooking reflects its history, lifestyle, values and beliefs.____4____ This is reflected in Chinese cooking, where almost every flavour is used in a balanced way to create delicious dishes. Also, Chinese people believe that food not only needs to be nutritious but also needs to look attractive and colorful.As the world becomes more globalized, it is easier to access cooking from different cultures. We should accept our culture’s food, but we should also become more informed about other cultures by trying dishes from around the world. ____5____A．In China, harmony (和谐) is important.B．Food is a gate into culture, and it should be treated as such.C．On a large scale, food is an expression of cultural identity.D．I encountered a few fun, food-related cultural differences abroad.E．There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think.F．The old age wisdom can be seen in architecture and customs as well as in their food. G．Family dishes often become the comfort food we seek as adults at lower points of our lives.It seems likely that you fought like cat and dog when you were young. But siblings (兄弟姐妹) can actually improve your physical and mental health. ____6____.Having brothers and sisters makes you kinder. ____7____. This is probably because you have a same-generation relative to make you care about others.____8____. Brothers and sisters, whether younger or older, help prevent you from feeling terrible, unloved, lonely, anxious and fearful. That can only be an advantage when you reach adulthood (成年时期).Having brothers and sisters can help you have a healthier lifestyle. As a survey shows, 43% of people believe their family and friends have the biggest effect on their health. ____9____. Having good friends can bring many of the same benefits. Not all of you have brothers and sisters, ____10____. Don’t worry. Re search also shows that having close friends can boost your health and happiness. Make friends by signing up for groups or classes and finding people who enjoy the same things as you.A．Here are some benefits of having siblingsB．Siblings can be your healthy-eating partnersC．That makes you much more likely to help othersD．Having brothers and sisters helps remove bad feelingsE．Having siblings increases the chance of a happy marriageF．or you might not be in a good relationship with your siblingsG．and having brothers and sisters might well be worth the troubleIf you’re a gamer who’s constantly glued to your phone, it could be time to ask for medical help. On June 18, 2018, the World Health Organization（WHO）officially listed “gaming disorder” as a mental health condition. ___11___“Video gaming is like a non-financial kind of gambling （赌博）from a psychological point of view,” Mark Griffiths, a professor from Nottingham Trent University in the UK, told the Associated Press（AP）. “Gamblers use money as a way of keeping score, while gamers use points.”___12___“People need to understand this doesn’t mean every child who spendshours in their room playing games is an addict, otherwise doctors are going to be flooded with requests for help,” Joan Harvey, a spokesw oman for the British Psychological Society, told AP.___13___ For example, a 21-year-old Chinese woman surnamed Wu in Guangdong province went blind in one eye after playing the mobile game King of Glory for a whole day. “On days when I have no work, I usua lly get up at 6 am, eat breakfast and play until 4 pm,” she told the South China Morning Post.“Then I’ll eat something, have a nap（小睡）and play until 1 am.”Wu isn’t alone. According to a study published by China Youth Daily, about one in five young Chinese people play online video games for at least four to five hours per day. ___14___ In April, the Ministry of Education issued a notice asking Chinese schools and parents to prevent students from becoming addicted to the Internet and games.Other countries have also taken action.___15___ Meanwhile, in Japan, some mobile phones have a special mode for children that lets their parents control what games they can download and how long they can play.A．This means it’s now on the same list as other mental il lnesses.B．Thankfully, measures have been taken to deal with the problem.C．We often see people around us playing games on their mobile phones.D．In South Korea, children are forbidden to play video games after midnight.E．WHO’s main work is to improve the mental health of individuals and society.F．But if you lose control over your gaming habits, you’ll face serious problems. G．However, it doesn’t matter if you play your favorite game now and then.Ask any kid what they dislike the most in their study ro utine, and they will answer, “homework.” ____16____ Fortunately, applying the following tips, you will help your kid deal with homework faster and more effectively.Setting the right workspaceSetting the perfect working environment is of outmost importan ce. That’s why you should make sure to separate places for playing and studying to prevent your kid from switching between them.____17____ Besides, ensure there are no things that can distract(分心) them.Once you set a spot, it is time to prepare to do the assignment. Remember: you want your kid to be focused. Therefore, the first thing to do is make everything necessary to complete the taskwithin arm’s reach. Make sure your kid can access any note or textbook without leaving the workspace.____18____Unlike adults, kids are very active. And while the former can remain focused for around half an hour, children’s attention span(时长) is much shorter than that. That’s why it is essential to set up a work schedule to maintain concentration.With that being s aid, however long your kid’s working time is, remember to include several breaks.____19____Understanding teachers’ expectationsUsually, educators assign tricky and challenging tasks on purpose, because they want students to use and develop their skills.Whether you guide your kid through the writing process, it is important to understand the task before working on it.____20____Homework can be a real pain in the neck. Without the right strategy, you are doomed to spend lots of time completing home tasks. Hopefully, the mentioned tips will help your kid deal with assignments quickly and successfully.A．Drawing out an outlineB．Creating work scheduleC．Pick a quiet spot where your child can learn peacefully.D．Make sure your child knows what is being required from them.E．Dealing with home assignments is a widespread problem among kids.F．This will help restore the child’s attention and maintain their productivity.G．This will force your kid to follow schedule and learn to do their homework for better.As a senior high student, here are five things you should know before you start college.1. Every college has different rules on what you can bring.____21____ Rules vary from school to school, and you may want to hold off on buying that mini-fridge/ microwave until you make sure you can have them in your dorm.2. You might not like your roommate.For your new term, you’ll have a picked roommate. ____22____ This can be uncomfortable, but remember that with classes, you probably won’t be in your room anyway.3. There are tons of things to do.The last thing anyone should be worried about is being bored on campus. ____23____ They’re not hard to find, either. There are often posters all around campus for things to do and clubs to join. Some clubs even have their own social media sites, which could help you learn about the clubs.4. ____24____In order to make sure you can graduate on time without any difficulty, it’s a good idea to decide on your courses early. But keep in mind that your plan won’t be written in st one. Many students change their majors at least once during their time in college, and this is a good thing.5. You can get good grades and have fun.A common fear when starting college is that there will be time for either studying or having fun,but not both. The truth is that with good time management it is possible to get good grades in all your classes and still have time to be in clubs and go have fun. ____25____A．Figure out when you will graduate.B．Plan out your academic career early.C．Food is an important part of the campus experience.D．Almost every college has a host of student clubs and organizations.E．If you manage your schedule well, you may even get enough sleep, too.F．You’d better check whether you can bring your items before you move in.G．While it’s possible that you will be the best friends, you might not get along.How to Get Mental PeaceAre you struggling with mental health these days, like feeling anxious or confused about your life? It may be difficult to find mental peace at first, ___26___. Here are the tips.Find meanings in your life. ___27___. For example, you can connect with others through voluntary work or finding other ways to help and serve others, such as taking care of you families. If you feel fulfilled with your contribution, your mind will be more peaceful.Start a journal. You can write your thoughts and feelings about your past and current life. So it is an effective way to find out what might be keeping you from peace. In this way, it helps you find out if you still suffer because of events from your past. ___28___.___29___. Everyone complains about things, but someone does this as a normal pattern. That may be draining your energy or negatively influencing your mood. You may need to be careful about the amount of time you spend with them. Try to spend more time with people who lift you up.Being Mindfulness. Your mental peace can be disrupted by worrying about the future or being stuck in the past, ___30___. Mindfulness can help produce a sense of calm, manage your emotions, and adapt to stressful situations at this moment.A．Pay attention to the influence of othersB．Support your passive and anxious friendsC．but you can practice techniques to help yourselfD．That will analyse what make your life successfulE．so y ou’d better bring your awareness to the presentF．Ask yourself if the things you do bring joy and value to youG．It also helps you think about what keeps you happy at presentSometimes we make meditation(冥想) more complicated than it needs to be. Instead of over thinking it, follow the steps below to set yourself up for success:● Find Your MotivationAs with any new habit, it's important to understand your motivation for getting started. I meditate because I feel like it makes me a calmer person during the day. ___31___ Whatever your motivation is, get clear on it and come back to it often.● Choose Your ToolsWhen you have the right tools, meditation can feel a lot less daunting. I find guided meditations a lot easier to follow than trying to meditate in silence, but everyone has their own preferences.___32___ , I recommend Calm, Head space, and Insight Timer.● Create a Meditation SpaceAlthough you can practice meditation anywhere, I find it helpful to have a designated meditation space that feels familiar to you. ___33___ You might prefer to lay out a yoga mat in your living room or sit on some pillows in a quiet corner. Find what works for you!● ___34___If you want to start making meditation part of your routine, it's important to carve out time for it. I've found that the only way I can get myself to do it every day is to open up my Calm ape right after I wake up. When meditation is the first thing I do, I start my day feeling less anxious.● Track Your ProgressBoth Calm and Head space have built-in trackers that show you how many days you've meditated in a row, and I find this motivating because I never want to break my steak. ___35___ you could simply keep track of it in your daily to-do list.A．Set a Fixed TimeB．Set a Time LimitC．I choose to meditate upright in bedD．If you're not using either of these appsE．If you're looking for a good meditation appF．Perhaps you want to meditate to reduce anxietyG．If you try meditating for the first time with 20 minutesSome healthy people have flat abs (腹肌) and thin bodies. ____36____ In fact, the official definition of health—at least, the one used by the World Health Organization (WHO)—says nothing about the way you look. WHO says health is “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” ____37____You eat when you’re hungry and stop when you’re full. ____38____ “It sounds really silly, but it’s amazing how many of us don’t do that,” Dr. Cindy Geyer, member of the True Health Initi ative and medical director at Canyon Ranch in Lenox, Massachusetts, told INSIDER. “We forget to eat so we’re starving and then we eat a ton, or we’re eating mindlessly in front of the TV, or we’re eating in an emotional context because it’s how we re self-soothing. A healthy relationship with food is trusting your internal cues, not external ones, to decide what and how much to eat,” she said. “I encourage clients to eat until they’re satisfied, but not stuffed.”____39____ A diverse diet ensures that you’r e more likely to get all the vitamins and nutrients you need, she explained. This is even more true if the diet is rich in whole foods (天然食品), which tend to be more nutrient-dense than processed stuff.You’re eating enough. Remember, calories aren’t your e nemy or some evil force to be reduced at all costs. ____40____ And if you’re not eating enough of them, you could end up feeling moody, weak, achy, and more.A．How can you tell if you fit that definition?B．You’re eating a varied diet rich in whole foods.C．They give special attention to the way they live.D．This simple behavior is a typical feature of healthy eating.E．But that doesn’t mean these qualities are necessary for good health.F．A healthy relationship with food contributes greatly to good health.G．They’re an energy source that helps you live your life and do what you love.The coronavirus (冠状病毒) has brought many changes to our live, among them is the ability to spend more time together as a family! ____41____ This will help keep their stress levels down. Though the situation may be tense, you can make it a fin family-centered time!____42____ Let your kids have a creative time and help set up a stage in the house. Have everyone show off a talent, such as singing or dancing, or even hold a comedy show. Magic shows are also welcome. This creates a fun time when everyone can learn more about one another. Make art. Have everyone find their inner artist. Whether you are sitting inside or under the shade of a tree, everyone can take part. Select an object for everyone to paint, draw, or even write about. Learn how everyone views the world in different ways. ____43____Cook together. Cooking with kids, whether you are following a recipe (食谱) or just being creative, promotes healthy living. ____44____ Everyone can pick their favorite food to cook. Work together to make the dish come to life! This will be a fun activity to do together and help everyone to eat healthier food and gain new experiences.Plant a garden. A garden can be made up of grass, vegetables, or flowers! ____45____ Have each member of the family pick their favorite plant. Make a place in the house with containers to dig up the dirt and teach your children how they can grow things with their own two hands! Once the plants have grown, you can show them how to make good use of what you have grown together.A．Put on a show.B．Sing and dance.C．Research and find what grows best in your area.D．Let each family member help to set up a meal plan.E．Eating healthy food is more important than cooking.F．You can make and present the home-made work on the walls.G．Take this opportunity to help your children develop healthy habits.Calming skills bring about a stress-free life and are important for all individuals who live in today’s times. You can prac tice the following simple skills.____46____ Whenever you realize that you are getting angry, just stop everything else and breathe deeply. Mastering certain relaxation skills helps you to concentrate on something other than the stimulus (刺激物) that is causing anger.When you feel angry, try to give yourself positive self judgments and mental suggestions of calming yourself.____47____ Some people “order” themselves to get over the feelings of anger, while others persuade their minds to think about some other pleasanter thoughts. This calming skill works wonders.Concentrate on the different body parts and the tension that has gathered there—the neck, the arms, the worry lines on your forehead. ____48____ Attacking the tension of the various body parts will automatically lead to a slow release of tension and eventually, anger from the mind.Re-position your body and correct your body language. Don’t lean into the source of anger, leanagainst it. This will send a mental signal to your brain to not react. Think about something completely different. And try to move your attention away to something completely unrelated to the situation at hand. Focus on another person or thing, or simply move away.____49________50____ Practice like neck stretches, arm stretches and the like. Make sure that your palms (手掌) are folded and facing downwards. These exercises will control the aggression (攻击性行为).A．See what works for you.B．Life is not how it once used to be.C．Do some deep breathing exercises.D．Try doing some physical exercises.E．This greatly helps to calm down and control anger.F．And then try and work to getting it down to normal.G．Anger leads to heart problems and several other such diseases.【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除1．无1、E牝2、G牝3、C牝4、A牝5、B【导语】这是一篇说明文。
北京市丰台区高一七选五专题英语测试(附答案)
北京市丰台区高一七选五专题英语测试(附答案)The coronavirus (冠状病毒) has brought many changes to our live, among them is the ability to spend more time together as a family! ____1____ This will help keep their stress levels down. Though the situation may be tense, you can make it a fin family-centered time!____2____ Let your kids have a creative time and help set up a stage in the house. Have everyone show off a talent, such as singing or dancing, or even hold a comedy show. Magic shows are also welcome. This creates a fun time when everyone can learn more about one another. Make art. Have everyone find their inner artist. Whether you are sitting inside or under the shade of a tree, everyone can take part. Select an object for everyone to paint, draw, or even write about. Learn how everyone views the world in different ways. ____3____Cook together. Cooking with kids, whether you are following a recipe (食谱) or just being creative, promotes healthy living. ____4____ Everyone can pick their favorite food to cook. Work together to make the dish come to life! This will be a fun activity to do together and help everyone to eat healthier food and gain new experiences.Plant a garden. A garden can be made up of grass, vegetables, or flowers! ____5____ Have each member of the family pick their favorite plant. Make a place in the house with containers to dig up the dirt and teach your children how they can grow things with their own two hands! Once the plants have grown, you can show them how to make good use of what you have grown together.A．Put on a show.B．Sing and dance.C．Research and find what grows best in your area.D．Let each family member help to set up a meal plan.E．Eating healthy food is more important than cooking.F．You can make and present the home-made work on the walls.G．Take this opportunity to help your children develop healthy habits.Be Slightly FunnierHow would you feel if a colleague suggested you take a comedy class to improve your sense of humor? I felt embarrassed.At home that evening, I asked my other half whether he thinks I'm funny. ___6___ . "Of course you are," they all ensured me. What else could they say? And anyway, I'd already made up my mind. Some people just aren't funny, and I'm one of them.Yet, according to Jennifer Aaker and Naomi Bagdonas-authors of the book Humor, Seriously and experts on the subject, humor is not something you are born with or without. ___7___ . What's more, finding our funny sides makes us appear more competent and confident, strengthens relationships, unlocks creativity and makes us more likable. It helps in any life situation.This undoubtedly explains why future masters of the universe are eagerly signing up for the humor course Aaker and Bagdonas teach at Stanford's Graduate School of Business. They agreed to teach me how to find my funny bones, too.___8___ . As you would hope, they are very amusing. They begin by sending me a questionnaire about what I find funny, what I don't, and how I attempt to make others laugh. The results willapparently reveal my humor type.In our first call, Aaker, a social psychologist (心理学家), explains that many of us leave humor behind when we arrive at adulthood: A four-year-old laughs up to 300 times a day. ___9___ . Next, we discuss the common misunderstandings that stop many of us in our comedy tracks. The first, Aaker says, is the belief that humor has no place in certain situations, especially at work.___10___ . However, 98 percent of top executives say they prefer employees with a sense of humor and 84 percent of bosses believe those employees do better work.A．Rather, it's a muscle you can strengthenB．Then there is the idea that it is too riskyC．We worry about not being taken seriouslyD．My first interaction with the pair is over e-mailE．Then I texted my best friend and my sister-in-lawF．But a 40-year-old takes ten weeks to laugh as muchG．It is far more important to show you have a sense of humorThe Secrets of SleepHave you ever wondered why you spend so much of your life asleep? Just as electricity charges the battery of a mobile phone, sleep recharges your body and your mind.What is sleep?___11___It is brought on by your “body clock”—a system inside your brain that helps you sleep at night and wake up in the morning. Even though you are not aware of your surroundings when you sleep, your brain remains active.Why do people need to sleep?Humans could not function without sleep. According to the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, sleep helps people learn by strengthening their memories. It has physical benefits too—like maintaining a healthy weight and boosting your immune system.___12___ Your brain becomes foggy, making it difficult to concentrate and make decisions. That’s why you may be told to “sleep on”—a choice you’re uncertain about.What are dreams?Dreams usually occur during a stage of sleep known as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. In REM, the eyes move quickly back and forth and brain activity increases. Scientists are not sure why people dream. ___13___ Others say it helps people process emotions. Everybody dreams for around two hours a night but not everyone can remember them.How much sleep do I need?Most adults need around eight hours of sleep a day, but Mandy Gurney, who runs the Millpond Children’s Sleep Clinic, says that children need more.___14___ “An eight-year-old requires around 10 to 10-and-a-half hours of sleep each night, dropping to around nine hours a night in your teen years.” A good night’s sleep will get your day off to a great start. As Mahatma Gandhi, who was an Indian politician an d activist, is quoted as saying, “___15___”A．When I wake up, I am reborn.B．I really think I need more sleep than now.C．Sleep is a natural and temporary state of rest.D．Some say it is a process that helps store memories.E．Too little sleep can make you tired and bad-tempered.F．You become healthier and thus diseases will not bother you.G．Sleep is more vital for children because their minds and bodies are still developing.In recent years, science fictions are becoming increasingly popular. Science fiction writers using their magical imagination create imaginary worlds that attract a great number of readers especially teenagers. But how can they make it so believable? ____16____The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science. So you must be familiar with the scientific laws related to your creation. If you’re writing about humans living on a planet with zero gravity, then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body. ____17____ Only in this way can you gain the readers’ trust.Then the rules in your creation can be different from our daily life, so you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary worlds. ____18____ For example, if humans in your creation are able to breathe underwater in Chapter 1, your characters can’t drown(溺水)in a swimming pool or river in Chapter 3.____19____ You should decide the following issues: the history of the world, the geography, what possibilities it offers, how everything works in this new reality, as well as how all of these factors affect the way your characters think, feel, and react. You don’t have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter. But you have to let readers know enough to understand what’s going on.When you are writing, remember to make it feel real. You are creating a new real world for the readers. ____20____ They are able to see, hear, feel, smell, and even taste what it’s like in the new world. Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet, help your re aders feel like they’ re actually there.A．And you have to follow them.B．You are inviting them to visit the new world.C．You have to get rich imagination to create science fictions.D．Make sure what you are writing is not against basic science.E．Characters in the imaginary worlds always have super power.F．Here you will find the answer if you are longing to create one.G．Your preparation work also involves planning everything in great detail.Many regions in China have introduced COVID-19 vaccination (接种疫苗) among children aged 3 to 11. Kids are encouraged to take it and the project is progressing, which might be important to stopping the spread of the coronavirus. ____21____Why do children get the same dosage (剂量) as adults?When children get sick, they are generally given a reduced dosage. Many parents are worried that the same COVID-19 vaccine dosage will be a burden on the small body. So there is need for proper dose in children. ____22____. The process of vaccines taking effect has no relation with the weight and body surface area of the receiver. In fact, for the majority of vaccines, the recommended doses for both babies and adults are the same.Can children have full immunity (免疫力) after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine?Some parents doubt whether vaccinating children aged 3 to 11 can produce the due immune effect as their immune systems are still developing. Actually, vaccines can work exactly the same in both children and adults. The vaccine will produce a near 100 percent immune response in children.____23____ So the same vaccination strategy has been adopted for all age groups in China.____24____A vaccine has to go through a strict procedure before being widely used in a specific age group. Enough data need to be collected to get emergency use or come onto the market. So the medical experiments have to be considered in advance. China has carried out a series of such studies. Based on research resnlts, the risk of negative reactions in children is no higher than that of adults.____25____. So far the most frequently reported three negative reactions are fever, pain and tiredness. At present, the government is planning to study children as young as 6 months old in the future.A．Will the vaccine work on children forever?B．Is the COVID-19 vaccine safe for children?C．The virus was either carried by a person or with goods.D．However, the way the vaccines work differs from that of other drugs.E．Some parents find themselves having questions about the vaccination.F．This has also been proved true in medical experiments on different age groups.G．The COVID-19 vaccination for children aged 3 to 11 has been in progress for some time.How to Get Mental PeaceAre you struggling with mental health these days, like feeling anxious or confused about your life? It may be difficult to find mental peace at first, ___26___. Here are the tips.Find meanings in your life. ___27___. For example, you can connect with others through voluntary work or finding other ways to help and serve others, such as taking care of you families. If you feel fulfilled with your contribution, your mind will be more peaceful.Start a journal. You can write your thoughts and feelings about your past and current life. So it is an effective way to find out what might be keeping you from peace. In this way, it helps you find out if you still suffer because of events from your past. ___28___.___29___. Everyone complains about things, but someone does this as a normal pattern. That may be draining your energy or negatively influencing your mood. You may need to be careful about the amount of time you spend with them. Try to spend more time with people who lift you up.Being Mindfulness. Your mental peace can be disrupted by worrying about the future or being stuck in the past, ___30___. Mindfulness can help produce a sense of calm, manage your emotions, and adapt to stressful situations at this moment.A．Pay attention to the influence of othersB．Support your passive and anxious friendsC．but you can practice techniques to help yourselfD．That will analyse what make your life successfulE．so you’d better bring your awareness to the presentF．Ask yourself if the things you do bring joy and value to youG．It also helps you think about what keeps you happy at presentVolunteering offers vital help to people in need and the community.______31______.Volunteering can help you find friends, learn new skills, and even advance your career.Volunteering can connect you to others. ______32______ Unpaid volunteers are often the glue (黏合剂). They hold a community together. Volunteering helps meet new people for a newcomer. Dedicating your time as a volunteer helps you make new friends, expand your network, and boost your social skills.______33______Volunteering gives you the opportunity to practice and develop your social skill. You can also gain new skills through it. For example, you could learn nursing skills by volunteering at a nursing home. ______34______ Many volunteering opportunities provide extensive training so that volunteers can gain more professional skills.Volunteering can advance your career. If you’re considering a new career, volunteering can help you get experience in your area of interest and meet people in the field. Even if you’re not planning on changing careers, volunteering gives you the opportunity to practice important skills used in the workplace, such as teamwork, communication, problem solving, project planning, task management, and organization. ______35______A．Volunteering can reduce depression.B．Volunteering can increase your skills.C．It can be hard to find time to volunteer.D．But the benefits can be even greater for you, the volunteer.E．One of the benefits of volunteering is the impact on the community.F．Just because volunteer work is unpaid does not mean the skills you learn are basic.G．You might feel more comfortable at work once you’ve learned these skills in volunteering.Talking to someone on a train, bus, or subway can be risky yet exciting, as you never know when they’re going to get off. Starting a connection can b e fun as the costs are fairly low and you can easily start and stop a conversation, or get off if things become awkward. ____36____Make eye contact. Making brief eye contact can show the persons that you’re interested and help you judge whether they are interested in you. Glance at the persons and try to hold your gaze (注视) for just a second or two.____37____If they meet your gaze, it’s likely positive. If they look away quickly or appear disinterested, it’s probably best not to approach.Smile at the pers ons. If you’ve successfully met their gaze, smile at them.____38____If they smile back, you’re likely in luck in getting them to talk to you.If you want to start a conversation with the persons, smiling is a great way to get somebody’s attention.____39____Make a point to appear open, comfortable and available. Do this by keeping your arms uncrossed. Stand or sit up straight and show good posture (姿势). Don’t cross your body or turn away from the persons, as these gestures can make you appear closed off or disinterested. Approach the persons to start talking to them. ____40____If you’re far away, move closer. Youshould be a comfortable distance where you can hear each other yet not feel awkward if the conversation doesn’t work out.A．Use open body language.B．Mind your manners while talking.C．Notice how they respond to your gaze.D．Don’t worry because you can follow some tips that make you smile.E．Once you’ve read that the persons are interested in chatting, make a move.F．A small but sincere smile makes you appear interested, friendly and approachable. G．Therefore, try to get someone’s attention and start a conversation by following the tips. How often have you thought: “When I lose this weight, I’ll be more confident and happy”? Yes, you might be, but often the effect is short-lived. You’re then looking for the next thing and the next. ____41____ And that starts with your mindset and becoming healthier and stronger physically and mentally at the same time.●Develop a healthy attitude towards yourself. A ccept yourself as the unique individual you are today. Focus on your own journey, rather than waste time comparing yourself to others. Don’t be mean (刻薄的), critical or judgemental to anyone—including yourself!____42____●____43____ Be curious about how you honestly feel about yourself, and try to go beyond “I don’t like my body”. Try closing your eyes and slowly focusing on each part of your body and see what thoughts, feelings and emotions arise. We often avoid thoughts’ that are uncomfortable or painful. ____44____ This isn’t about solving them, but exploring them might bring new insight and reduce their power.●Take action that works for you. ____45____ Building a personal toolkit (工具箱) of exercises to use when your thoughts are slipping to the negative will keep you on track to having a positive body image.The long-term change will come from the internal work you do. Remember that true beauty is much more than skin deep.A．Be kind, supportive and respect yourself.B．The trick is to work on your body confidence now.C．Explore your thoughts and feelings about your body.D．Instead, learn to observe them and how they make you feel.E．Write down three things you’re grateful to your body each day..F．Try to focus back on the present moments, whatever you are doing,G．It may require a bit of time to find what works for you, but it’s worth it.Understanding Your Feelings Helps You Name And Tame (驯服) ThemWe all experience various feelings all the time. Some of them feel great, some feel unpleasant, and it’s helpful to be able to recognize and understand how you’re feeling so you know how to deal with it.____46____ They can include anger, sadness, worry, loneliness and shame, as well as surprise, happiness, courage and hope, among many others.____47____ All feelings are there to be felt and some can be more uncomfortable than others. It’s OK and natural to experience different emotions – and that includes emotions that might not feel nice.To deal with your feelings you need to recognize what they are. ____48____ Are your fists clenched (攥紧)? Does it seem like there’s a knot in your stomach? Next, pay attention to what you’re thinking at this time. ____49____ Or are you thinking that you really don’t want to do something? Once you have identified how you’re feeling, you can label it by saying, for example, “I’m feeling angry” or “I’m feeling lonely” .You can understand a difficult feeling and help yourselfto handle it. ____50____ If you’re upset about a difficult feeling, like “I’m feeling angry”, you might count t o ten to calm down. Perhaps you notice “I’m feeling nervous”, and you might talk to someone about it. The person you talk to may be able to give you reassurance, more information, a different point of view, or even help you take action to deal with the cause of your difficult feeling.A．Experts call this “name it to tame it” .B．How can you deal with different feelings?C．Perhaps you have the thought, “It’s not fair” .D．Feelings are how people experience emotions.E．First of all, notice what’s going on wit h your body.F．They are shown through various body movements, to begin with.G．Feelings are sometimes labelled as good or bad but that isn’t helpful.【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除1．无1、G牝2、A牝3、F牝4、D牝5、C【分析】这是一篇说明文。
北京高考英语七选五专项训练
(1)Why Do We Forget Things?When it comes to having perfect memories, it is apparent that we humans must have had some faults in our blueprints（蓝图）! Why don‟t we remember everything that we want to remember? It makes us feel upset and get discouraged. 71 However, it‟s true that we are all forgetful.72 These are stored in what we call our “long-term memory”. What about before age three? Sigmund Freud, a doctor of Vienna, discovered the fact that we forget most of our early childhood. 73 They have different opinions. A very good theory, born from the results of experimentation with babies, is that absence of language ability at the time of an event stopped us from describing it to others.74 Experts say that you can keep about seven things in your memory at once for up to three days. During that time, you may forget something in order to put something else in its place, or you put it into long-term memory. What goes into short-term memory are things you‟ve learned about recently, in the past day or two. 75 For example, you may have met your favorite star last week, and this week you can tell all the details to a friend. A simple example to explain your short-term memory is to look at a list of twenty words for a minute or two. You will discover that you cannot remember more than about seven of them and that they are the ones in the beginning and at the end of the list because your mind has judged them to be more important than those in the middle.A. Scientists now know that it may take longer to remember things for the old.B. However, it is widely recognized that short-term memory can be improved.C. Sometimes, it even causes us to lose self-respect or others to think less of us.D. Psychologists have been studying what causes this forgetfulness since Freud‟s time.E. Most of us have vivid memories of our lives from about age three to our present ages.F. Only if something really unusual happens does it stay in your short-term memory for longerG. The other type of memory, the “short-term memory”, is what we are usuallyreferring to when we say, “I forgot.”(2) The Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent Teen Leadership of Jewish Family Services meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. 71 However, what amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap accommodations (残疾人便利设施).One school-teacher who is blind, and a woman who has used a wheelchair all her life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to raising awareness about disabilities. 72 These include handicap parking spots, handrails, and wheelchair ramps. One big concern is the people who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. 73And the meeting focused on educating the public.Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked with the “No Parking” signs. “As long as I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it,” some people say. However, the woman who uses a wheelchair disagrees to this. The space exists to allow someone in a wheelchairto have room to get in or out of their car. 74Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance. Whether it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. 75 People who are informed of the rail‟s use would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack.Meeting some of the people who are affected by the lack of education about accommodations made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be fewer challenges for people with physical disabilities.A. Accommodations will vary according to the needs of the disabled.B. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education.C. They educate about all the accommodations for people with disabilities.D. Improvement must be made so that disabled people can fully participate.E. If there is a car in that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful.F. So people without disabilities need to be educated about these accommodations.G. I was amazed to hear about the challenges faced by people with physical disabilities.(3)You might take a car, a bus, or a bike to school. But in Bangladesh, instead of waiting for a school bus to come down their street, many students wait for a school boat to come down the river. That‟s right—these students attend school on a boat!Bangladesh is very close to sea level.______71______ The flooding creates many problems. For the nearly 160 million people living there, the periodic flooding means that they are often unable to access roads, electricity, or telephones.Growing up in Bangladesh, Mohammed Rezwan was often troubled by these disruptions(破坏). ______72_____ The name means “self-reliance (自力更生).” The purpose of the organization is to help the people of Bangladesh receive an education and also to bring technology and an improved quality of life to poor people in remote areas of the country. In 2002, Rezwan began transforming boats into schools. Each boat was built to house between 30 and 35 students. The boats had everything you might find in a regular classroom. The only difference was that they floated on a river.______73______ Today Rezwan and his organization operate 88 boats in northern Bangladesh. About half the boats are used as schools, and the other half are used as temporary houses during the flood season. In addition to the schools and the temporary housing, there are also a floating technology and training center, a library that allows students to check out books, and a health-care center. The school boats travel along the rivers and pick up students for classes that include computer technology, agriculture, and human rights.At night the boats provide additional learning opportunities for students and adults. ______74______ They study using solar lamps that are charged during the day at stations near theriver. Special equipment on the boats also projects lessons onto big screens made from sailcloth. People can come down to the riverbank to watch films. In all, these boats help educate close to 90,000 families in Bangladesh.By floating down the rivers, the school boats provide more than books. ______75______ “This …library‟ boat inspired me,” said 18-year-old student Shanto Islam, who enjoys reading science fiction books. “I started to dream.” Islam now wants to attend a university.A. They also deliver knowledge, opportunity, and hope to all generations.B. For this reason the land is flooded for five months of every year.C. Parents living in the area are happy to have the boats.D. In 1998 he founded an organization called Shidhulai.E. He did not want to design houses, though.F. Both of them can attend evening courses.G. These boats have been a great success.(4) How to Love Your ParentsEven if you think that your parents are mean-spirited at times, loving your parents is a normal and fulfilling part of life. You love them for the fact that they created you, raised you, and are in part a source of who you are. Here are some ways to love your parents.____71____ A gentle “good morning” and “I love you” will warm a coldest heart. Remember that they brought you into this world. Without your parents, we might still wander at an unknown corner in an unknown world.Respect them more and cherish these moments. You can use these moments to learn from them for when you're off on your own. It's OK to get angry but angry actions don't help you or your parents. Act calmly, cool off, journal about your feelings, or talk to a friend. ____72____ Obey their requests. It will make your attitude better and earn you more respect from them. It may seem like you are going through hell when you don‟t get what you want or you have to clean. However, you had better remember they keep a roof over your head when it‟s cold, raini ng, snowing, or too hot. Understand that parents are human beings and make mistakes.____73____ Since you can forgive your friends, why not forgive your parents?Keep company with them. Do things with your parents like watching TV, or go somewhere with them. ____74____ Listen to their old stories and learn from them. You will find they are your teachers in this way or another.Some people simply may not be able to love their parents. ____75____ Seek help if you are being abused in any way. Parents do not have a right to harm you.A. Forgiveness is the key.B. Tell them you love them every morning.C. Parents will in turn express their love to you.D. After this, share your feelings with your parents.E. Anyway, spend as much time with them as you can.F. Please remember parents are as important as friends.G. There can be realistic reasons for this, family violence for example.(5)Sometimes willpower is a lot like the television remote control hard to find just when you want it most．7 1 But there are ways to increase your willpower．Don‟t try to change your economic situation, win a promotion and lose weight all on the same morning. Set one clear, specific goal and make a realistic plan to achieve it．Extra willpower sometimes requires extra energy, so don‟t spread yourself too thin．7 2Whatever your goal is, don‟t expect to achieve it overnight．7 3 If you are trying to kick a coffee habit, start by replacing your morning cup of coffee with a glass of water, instead of promising never to drink coffee again. Congratulate yourself on the small achievements. These successes help your willpower grow．7 4 Ask friends, family or colleagues for assistance and tell them exactly how they can help. If your credit card bills have risen, for instance, let friends know that you are cutting back on expenses. Suggest having a common dinner instead of meeting at an expensive restaurant. Find a support group or organization related to your goal and attend their meetings. You can get valuable advice, understanding and information.If possible, change your environment to encourage positive behavior．Want to get in shape? Keep an extra set of workout clothes in your office as a reminder to stop by the gym on the way home．Quitting smoking? 7 5A. Real success takes time．B. Focus on one goal at a time．C. Change your environment to change your life．D. Improve your willpower by a support network．E. Changing your behavior requires more than willpower．F. Avoid bars or restaurants where you might be attracted to light up．G. Breaking a bad habit or forming a new and healthy one can be difficult．(6) Stage FrightImagine that you are an actor performing in a play for the first time. You have learned all your lines and you know where to walk on stage. Waiting behind the closed curtain, you can hear the audience whispering and taking their seats.Then your big moment arrives! The curtain goes up, and the crowd falls silent. All you can see is the spotlight shining down on you. __71__The inside of your mouth is dry, and your hands are wet.If you have experienced a moment like this, you know all too well what it means to have stage fright. It is one of the most common types of fear and tends to strike people when they find themselves at the center of attention. __72_People experience this fear when playing sports, giving a presentation, or even speaking inclass. A person who suffers from stage fright may get sweaty hands, a dry mouth, a tight throat, or shaky knees. Stage fright is actually a form of panic, and these feelings are very real.__73__ The experience differs from person to person, but the same chemical process occurs in each of us. In reaction to anxiety, our bodies produce a chemical that prepares us to either fight or run away quickly. Scientists refer to this as our bodies‟ “fight or flight” reaction. As a result, we feel great energy that makes our hands sweat, our hearts race, and our knees shake.__74___ Practicing your performance and following some simple tips can help calm nerves and manage the feelings caused by anxiety. First, dress comfortably and appropriately. Second, before the performance, take deep breaths and stretch to help relax your body. Third, stay away from drinks that contain caffeine.___75___ Instead, try a banana! Some doctors believe that eating a banana can help calm your heart and the rest of your body. Finally, when you look into a crowd, try to focus on particular people instead of the whole group. These tips have helped many people learn to deal with their fears.A. These might make your heart race even faster.B. You don‟t have to be on stage to get stage fright.C. Stage fright is part of the body‟s reaction to stress.D. You try to speak your lines, but nothing seems to come out.E. With practice, we can learn how to relax while playing sports.F. The good news about stage fright is that here are ways to deal with it.G. However, there is a time when stage fright prevents you from stepping onstage.(7)There is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. ____71_____The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else. ____72_____ Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don‟t have any difficulty in gaining the new in formation, for our understanding was equal to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can increase the reader‟s understanding. _____73_____ Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here “learning” means understanding more, not remembering more information.What are the conditions in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding. _____74_____ Besides, his book must convey something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Second, the reader must be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to reach the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is approached, success ofcommunication is achieved._____75_____ It is the least demanding and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.A. The writer should have a better communicating skill.B. Such communication between unequals must be possible.C. We can get access to the content of those materials easily.D. The writer must be “superior” to the reader in understanding.E. Thus, we can employ the word “reading” in two distinct senses.F. Reading for entertainment is capable of increasing our understanding for information.G.Besides gaining information and understanding, there‟s another goal of reading—entertainment.(8) The iPod generationToday it is common to see people who walk about with colored wires hanging from their ears wherever they go. They move about in their personal bubbles, sometimes unaware of what‟s happening around them. 71 Outside life is shut out. So are you one of “them”?For me, walking around in my own personal bubble is perfect. 72 What‟s even better, wearing earphones seems to give a signal to people which says: “I‟m not available for chatting at the moment!”Suppose you‟re at work and about to make an incredible breakthrough, but a colleague suddenly turns up. At this precise moment, the slightest disturbance would break your concentration.73 Once again, those wires hanging from your ears would be sure to give that “Go away!” signal.74 It‟s probably part of the growing up stage when they just want to ignore their whole family. While their mothers give them lectures about why they should do their homework, they can just turn up the volume(声音) on their MP3 player, smile, and say “Yes, Mum.” Problem solved.Pretty soon, not only will we have pretty colored wires hanging from our ears—but also our brains will be directly plugged into some new high-tech instrument. We‟ll be in a virtual(虚拟) world, communicating with everyone else, or choosing not to, as we like. In this world, we will all be permanently plugged in. 75 And they are changing our social habits along the way.In the end, there is a thin line between using technology as a tool for making life better and being a slave to it! It‟s so strange—suddenly, I don‟t feel like wearing my ea rphones anymore!A. Our instruments are changing quickly.B. I also have wires hanging from my ears.C. In the home situation, teenagers love these wires.D. I don‟t have to deal with the noisefrom the environment.E. After all, I am listening to my favourite music and would rather not be disturbed.F. Listening to music through earphones is the perfect way to ignore such interruptions.G. They walk around in their own spaces, with their personal “digital noise reduction systems.”(9) How Can I Fight Laziness?Lazy people will never achieve anything in life. However, laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind.71 Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more proactive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. 72Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations(诱惑) that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. 73 Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film.Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. 74 Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practise laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people.75 Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.A. To fight family laziness, set an example.B. Knowing how to fight laziness is important.C. One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep.D. Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness.E. With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal.F. Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own life.G. Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for the children.(10)Puppy FoodA puppy (young dog) is a precious addition to any family. The excitement of bringing home a little furry friend will always live in our memories. Like all of us, though, your puppy must have adequate nutrition right from the start to make certain that it‟ll have a long and healthy life.71 You might ask yourself what is the best for your new pet with all of the different varieties on the market in all of their attractive packaging. Some dry food produced specially for puppies is the best for the development of their teeth. 72Contrary to the belief of many first-time puppy owners, it is not always the best idea to purchase food that is too high in calcium (钙), protein, and vitamin levels. 73 In addition, a high intake of calcium is associated with bone disease in large-breed dogs. If you have a “small-breed” puppy, you can buy that kind of food.It is not a good idea to feed the food you eat to your puppy frequently, as your puppy may become selective about food. 74 Some people think that dog biscuits and other treats are fine, but they should not be a main part of puppy‟s diet.Young puppies should be fed three times a day. Each puppy is unique, however, so feeding them twice a day is acceptable. After ten to twelve weeks of age, feed your puppy twice per day. Allow your puppy to eat as much as he would like in fifteen minutes. 75 If you let your puppy eat too much or too often by keeping food accessible at all times, he may become overweight and have health problems as an adult. Like humans, your puppy will not enjoy the food any longer if it is there at all times.A. Pick up the dish with the remaining food.B. Proper food is a basic necessity for your puppies.C. Remember to give your puppy the food he would like to have.D. It can also cause an upset stomach due to an unbalanced diet.E. A further benefit is that it is less expensive than the canned food.F. One example is that extra helpings of nutrients do harm to digestive organs.G. It‟s good to provide the extra nutrients a puppy needs until he grows larger.(11)Different CulturesThe cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. 71The origin of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are fostered by rivers—the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India. 72 Then in Tang Dynasty of China, the Chinese culture gradually went overseas to Japan, mixed into the Japanese society and shaped the Japanese culture nowadays. Though a bit different from the Chinese one, it belongs to the same system.When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain—the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. 73 Like the Chinese culture, the European one also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn‟t distinguish from the European one a lot.74 Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race difference counts as well. But what‟s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference (干扰) from the other.The differences are everywhere. 75 But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle (障碍) to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the motivation of our going farther.A. Let us work together to keep a variety of culture.B. One important thing is to learn about other cultures.C. And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture.D. At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences.E. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.F. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.G. They are obvious and affect people‟s ways of thinking and their views of the world.(12)Is Online School for You?Have you ever wished you didn‟t have to wake up early and go all the way to school? For 700,000 American kids, this wish comes true. __71__ This kind of learning has different names: online learning or distance learning. Regardless of what it is called, this idea may create an impression of a lonely kid reading pages of information on a computer screen rather than from a book or an image of another kid spending the day playing video games instead of learning mathematics or reading a book. Where online education is concerned, both of these are false! Actually, online learning simply means learning differently.___72__ Flexibility is the main advantage. Students can attend school wherever and whenever they desire. Homework can be turned in from anywhere the student has Internet access. Additionally, many online schools will allow students to work at their own pace.Another advantage of online schooling is with the variety of courses. Most online schools teach the same basic classes like English, math, science, and history. ___73__ However, traditional schools are often unable to offer these types of classes if there are not enough students.Online schools also have different types of learning tools for kids to use. For example, many online schools have special Web sites where only students registered in online classes can watch videos, see lessons presented, or chat with teachers and other students. Some online schools have live class times where students can call and talk with the teacher directly. ______74______ Computer technology is amazing, and we use computers for chatting with our friends, listening to music, and playing games. __75___Since 2006, at least 38 states either have their own online schools or made rules for students attending them. It looks like online schools are here to stay, but only you can decide if this type of learning is right for you.A. Online schools offer many benefits for the learners.B. Of course, there are some drawbacks of going to school online.C. Almost every part of our lives is affected by it, and school is no exception.D. They attend school over the Internet using ordinary home or library computers.E. Other online schools even have online clubs where kids can talk about their hobbies.F. Some online schools also offer specialized classes in subjects such as space science, French, orzoology.G. For some students, online school may be ideal, but for others, traditional school may better meet their needs.(13)Flash Mob: The Pop CultureIf you see a group of people dancing and singing on the street or in the railway station, you don‟t need to feel surprised. They are a flash mob. Who are they? Are they mobs (暴民)? 71Actually, a flash mob is a group of people who gather suddenly in a public place, do something unusual for a brief period of time, and then quickly separate.A flash mob is usually organized with the help of the Internet or other digital communications networks. 72 At a predetermined time, they gather and perform some tasks such as exchanging books, coming together to look at the sky, waving their hands and yelling something at the top of their lungs for 30 seconds. Then, they quickly disappear before the police can arrive.Bill Wasik, senior editor of Harper‟s Magazine, organized the first flash mob in Manhattan in May 2003 and the first successful flash mob gathered o n June 3, 2003 at Macy‟s department store. More than one hundred people stepped onto the ninth floor carpet department of Macy‟s department store, gathering around an expensive carpet. Following this flash mob, about 200 people flooded the lounge of the Hyatt hotel and applauded for about fifteen seconds. 73Flash mob gatherings can sometimes shock people. Such an activity might seem amusing, but it might also frighten people who are not aware of what is taking place. 74 They also have enormous economic potential, such as using flash mobs to advertise a product.75 People use it to do many things. For example, in 2009, Michael Jackson‟s fans took part in a flash mob to remember him. Hundreds of his fans gathered outside the railway station in Liverpool. They were singing and dancing Michael‟s famous song “Beat It” together. And in another example, some people took part in a flash mob to tell more people not to use negative words.Flash mobs give people from all walks of life an opportunity to come together to create a memory.A.Don‟t be confused by their name.B.People are attracted by the silly and harmless activities.C.The flash mob is now becoming more and more popular.ing mobile phones, the flash mob can change their gathering place.E. A later mob saw hundreds of people in Central Park making bird noises.F.The messages may be forwarded to friends, who forward to more people.G.Undoubtedly, flash mobs can serve as good political tools in any direction.。
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七选五Public Speaking and Critical ThinkingWhat is critical thinking? To a certain degree, it’s a matter of logic – of being able to spot weaknesses in other people’s arguments and to avoid them in your own. It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence.In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking — the ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas. _____1_____ The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas. That, too, is critical thinking._____2_____ As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have. _____3_____What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. _____4_____ As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately. _____5_____ As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.A．Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.B．This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it.C．It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.D．It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.E．If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot.F．The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in anumber of ways.G．As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking, you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding. _____6_____In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it was either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel. Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. _____7_____Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them alphabetically, never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day's work with the difficult task of essay-writing. The experience proved that the rule works._____8_____ Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can--then let the unconscious (无意识的) take over.When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica, I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. ___9___but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind._____10_____Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired. A．Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle.B．We do everything we can to get ourselves out of this gloomy situation.C．We experience this tiredness in two ways: start-up fatigue and performance fatigue. D．Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after day I kept coming up with solutions. E．The solution is obvious though-perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult jobfirst.F．What's more, making use of your unconsciousness wisely also proves effective in tackling difficult tasks.G．In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step.Failure to ask for help can affect students’ academic performance, self-esteem(自尊), and potentially their access to learning in the future. ____11____, but the good news is that there are many strategies that can help them become stronger self-advocates for their learning.____12____. This requires honesty and self-awareness—some students don’t think they need help even when formal or informal assessments indicate otherwise.Once students acknowledge that they’re struggling, they may feel shame or embarrassment. Many students have told me, “____13____. I don’t need help.” They fear that asking for help signals weakness or failure in their character, though adults could tell them that asking for help is instead a sign of maturity and strength.Teachers can help students understand how they learn best and empower them to be advocates for their own learning by teaching them how to ask for help.Here are two strategies for improving students’ self-advocacy skills.Strengthen students’ metacognition(元认知). ____14____. After a test, for example, have students answer questions about how they studied, how much time they spent studying, their test grade, and what they’ll do differently for the next test.Help students understand that teachers want to help. Asking students why an adult would choose teaching as a career can be an eye-opening activity. Have students pause and reflect in small groups about why they think Teacher X became a teacher. This is extra fun if Teacher X can visit your classroom to hear the brainstormed ideas. Guide students to the final answer:“____15____.”A．I want to try it on my ownB．Teachers become teachers because they like to helpC．Students must first recognize that they’re strugglingD．I’ve used this exercise to show that I care about themE．There are several reasons why students struggle to ask for helpF．Teachers and parents often act as external monitors of student progressG．Teachers can encourage students with metacognitive teaching to think about their learningSome people prefer to have a bite to eat before hitting the gym, known as a fed workout. Others would like to wait until after exercising to refuel their bodies, called a fastedworkout.___16___ Many experts say there’s no easy answer because it depends on the person.If you want energy and strength for an ideal workout, you need fuel. A fed workout will provide your body with power. Eating before exercise may help you sustain longer sessions and lift heavier weights. ___17___ Muscle preservation is also an essential component of strengthening your body. Nitrogen (氮) is critical for processing protein that builds healthy muscles. People tend to lose less nitrogen during a fed workout than a fasted one.Many fitness enthusiasts are not on board with this idea. They report feeling sick and inactive while trying to exercise after eating. With a fasted workout, you may not get the usual indigestion. Experts for fasted workouts further claim that eating afterwards makes your body use its fat reserves for energy, meaning you will burn more fat. ___18___ It can cause a sudden drop in your blood glucose (葡萄糖) levels, and you may feel dizzy. You may even be more likely to overeat.___19___ Not all foods are created equal. For example, if you choose a fed workout, you’ll probably lose a lot of water during an intense training, so you should consider drinking some beforehand. With a fasted workout, it would help if you had some nutrition right after your session is complete. Drink some water. Then, have a light meal or nutritional snack.Deciding when to eat for an ideal workout is a personal choice. Both fasted workouts and fed activities have their benefits and shortcomings. ___20___A．However, a fasted workout might not work for you.B．How your body will respond is based on your workout intensity.C．These benefits can result in burning more fat and shaping a slimmer body.D．To eat or not to eat, that is the question on many fitness enthusiasts’ minds.E．Think thoroughly and discuss with your fitness instructor before taking a choice. F．Knowing what to eat for an ideal workout is just as important as knowing when to eat.G．A person doing a 30-minute session a day may not have a problem with fasted workouts.How Sociologists Define CultureCulture is one of the most important concepts within sociology because sociologists recognize that it plays a crucial role in our social lives. It is important for shaping social relationships, maintaining and challenging social order, determining how we make sense of the world and our place in it, and in shaping our everyday actions and experiences insociety.____21____In brief, sociologists define the non–material aspects of culture as the values and beliefs, language, communication and practices that are shared in common by a group of people. Expanding on these categories, culture is made up of our knowledge, common sense, assumptions and expectations. It is also the rules, norms, laws and morals that govern society; the words we use as well as how we speak and write them; and the symbols we use to express meaning, ideas and concepts.____22____It informs and is encapsulated in how we walk, sit, carry our bodies and interact with others; how we behave depending on the place, time and “audience”; and how we express identities of race, class and gender, among others. Culture includes the collective practices we participate in as well, such as religious ceremonies, the celebration of secular holidays and attending sporting events.____23____This aspect of culture includes a wide variety of things, from buildings, technological gadgets and clothing, to film, music, literature and art, among others. Aspects of material culture are more commonly referred to as cultural products.Sociologists see the two sides of culture—the material and non–material—as closely connected. Material culture emerges from and is shaped by the non-material aspects of culture.____24____But it is not a one–way relationship between material and non–material culture. Material culture can also influence the non-material aspects of culture. For example, a powerful documentary film might change people’s attitudes and beliefs.____25____What has come before in terms of music, film, television and art, for example, influences the values, beliefs and expectations of those who interact with them, which then, in turn, influence the creation of additional cultural products.A．This is why cultural products tend to follow patterns.B．It is composed of both non-material and material things.C．Without culture, we would not have relationships or society.D．Culture is also what we do and how we behave and perform.E．Material culture is composed of the things that humans make and use.F．Culture is distinct from social structure and economic aspects of society.G．In other words, what we value, believe and know influences the things that we make.Eating for the sake of pleasure, rather than survival, is nothing new. Traditionally researchers focused on so-called metabolic(代谢的)hunger, which is driven by physiological necessity and is most commonly identified with an empty stomach. When we start dipping into our stores of energy or when we drop below our typical body weight, the system rings thebell.____26____After we eat enough food or put on weight, the same hormonal(激素的) system and brain circuit then tend to depress our appetite.Now, “Shifting the focus to pleasure” is a new approach to understanding hunger and weight gain. The brain begins responding to fatty and sugary foods even before they enter our mouth. Merely seeing or hearing a desirable item excites the reward circuit. Many overeating people go beyond their energy needs, due to consuming these food items they hear orsee.____27____Determining whether an individual’s weight problem arises from emotional longings or a physical failure in the body’s ability to burn up calories is important for doctors to choose the most appropriate medications or behavioral interventions for treatment.A kind of surgery that some overweight people have already undergone to manage their weight might have provided some of the biological insights into why many of us eat far beyond our physiological needs.____28____Through removing tissue, doctors make it impossible for the stomach to accommodate more than a couple of ounces of food at a time. The brain’s reward circuit then responds much more weakly to the images and spoken names of tempting foods.____29____The traditional idea is that we can teach overweight people to improve their self-control. However, scientists now realize that the foods themselves are more of the problem. For many people, certain foods cause such a strong response in the brain’s reward circuit that our willpower will rarely, if ever, be sufficient to resist those foods once they arearound.____30____That means never bringing fatty, super sweet foods into our house and avoiding going to places that offer them whenever possible.A．Therefore we have to reengineer the food environment.B．This medical operation dramatically shrinks the stomach.C．Psychologically, removing influence factor can be an option.D．This approach has already had an influence on the choice of treatment.E．The type of food processing method also takes a hand one way or another.F．People’s follow-up gesture then greatly affects the time they spend in consuming the food. G．A network of hormones and neural pathways in the brain activate our feeling of hunger.Robot TeachersIf you think of the jobs robots could never do, you would probably put doctors and teachers at the top the list. ___31___But are we underestimating what robots can do? In some cases, they already perform better than doctors at diagnosing illness. Also, some patients might feel more comfortable sharing personal information with a machine than a person.____32____British education expert Anthony Seldon thinks so. And he even has a date for the robot takeover of the classroom: 2027. He predicts robots will do the main job of transferring information and teachers will be like assistants. ___33___Then they will adapt the information to each student. It’s not a popular opinion and it’s unlikely robots will ever have empathy (同理心) and the ability to really connect with humans like another human can. ___34___A robot teacher is better than no teacher at all.In some parts of the world, there aren’t enough teachers and 9-16 percent of children under the age of 14 don’t go to school. That problem could be partly solved by robots because they can teach anywhere and won’t get stressed, or tried, or move somewhere for an easier job.Those negative aspects of teaching are something everyone agrees on. Teachers all over the world feel overworked because it is a difficult job. ___35___Teachers waste a lot of time doing non-teaching work, including more than 11 hours a week marking homework. If robots could cut the time teachers spend marking homework and writing reports, teachers would have more time and energy for the parts of the job humans do best.A．One thing is certain, though.B．Could there be a place for robots in education after all?C．It is argued that robot teachers are likely to impact children’s privacy.D．However, people are worried about the use of robot teachers in schools.E．Intelligent robots will read students’ faces, movements and maybe even brain signals. F．Perhaps the question is not “Will robots replace teachers?” but “How can robots help teachers?”G．It’s easy to imagine robot cleaners and factory workers, but some jobs need human connection and creativity.How To Fight Back-To-School AnxietyAugust is the time to prepare for a new school year.____36____These simple tips can help you or someone you love deal with the year ahead.____37____ Like any new activity, a new school year is always easier when you’re prepared for it. Get your class schedule in advance so you know exactly what to expect that first day. Make sure you’re prepared with all the supplies you’ll need. If you’ll be attending a new school, get familiar with the campus in advance of the first week.Talk about it. Change is never easy, and can often be scary. If you have feelings of fear or anxiety about the upcoming school year, it’s important to express them.____38____If you’re unsure who to talk to, here are many free resources available for you.Do what you love.____39____Whether you’re a bookworm or social butterfly,it’s easy to feel depressed or anxious when you’re trying to be something you’re not. Find activities, clubs or organizations that truly interest you. Chances are, when you do, you’ll find a sense of belonging that’s completely genuine.Get help. It’s not abnormal for any teen to feel stressed about an upcoming school year. But if your feelings of anxiety or depression are affecting your ability to eat, sleep or function on a daily basis, it’s time to seek professional help.____40____A．Get ready.B．Stick to a tight schedule.C．When you’re a teen, fitting in is important.D．It is common for people to feel stressed after holiday.E．For teens, the “back-to-school” period can be especially troubling.F．A parent or adviser can help you find an expert to help you get through the upcoming year. G．Speaking with a parent, friend or adviser can be a perfect way to start finding solution together.Dog adoptions, and sales of supplies like dog food and dog toys, soared during Covid-19. For a lot of people, knowing they’d be working from home for months made the idea of adopting a dog much more attractive.____41____, here are some tips to try.Research dog foodPeople or pets, feeding someone is a great way to not only show love, but to feel love. Anyone who has invested time in creating a great meal for their family knows that the experience of cooking helps them feel closer to the people eating.____42____. Instead, you should spend some time researching the best kinds of dog food for your pet. The more time you spend looking into what kind of dog food will help your buddy thrive, the more connected you’ll feel. Feeding your dog healthy food will also help her stay healthy and comfortable.Work with a trainer____43____. Working with a professional trainer, in person, or even over Zoom, can help you get a better understanding of who your dog is. This can be especially helpful if you adopted an older dog that already has certain habits. The more comfortable and secure you feel with your dog, the more you’ll come to love them.____44____Sometimes loving a specific dog is about getting into dogs in general. Reading dog stories, looking at dog pictures, watching dog shows and videos can all make you feel more loving towards dogs in general, which will in turn help you feel better about your own dog. Instagram is an easy way to get your cute dog fix!Give it timeWe all love the stories about the person who walks into a shelter and falls in love with a dog. But, just like with people, it’s not always love at first site. Sometimes, we think that if we don’t love a dog right away, it’s a problem____45____This can be especially true of rescue dogs. Rescue dogs who have been moved around from house to house or shelter to shelter may take longer to trust you. But once your dog trusts you, you’ll find them harder to resist.A．Play with your dogB．Read about other dogsC．If you’re having trouble connecting with your new dogD．In reality, some relationships just take more time to buildE．When you find your friendship needs more time to developF．You could make your own dog food, but most people don’tG．Sometimes we have trouble bonding with a dog because we don’t understand that dogHealth and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____46____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.____47____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____48____ This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____49____ For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____50____ This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.A．Fitness levels decide the quality of life.B．Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.C．It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.D．For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.E．If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.F．There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.G．This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.参考答案：1．D2．E3．A4．F5．G【导语】本文是一篇说明文。