年产4万吨苯甲酸催化加氢制苯甲醛的工艺设计
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年产4万吨苯甲酸催化加氢制苯甲醛
的工艺设计
摘要设计项目:4万吨/年苯甲酸催化加氢制苯甲醛工艺设计苯甲醛是一中很重要的化学中间体,但传统的苯甲醛生产方法对环境污染非常严重,所以清洁生产苯甲醛成为现下研究的热点。
在本设计中由苯甲酸还原反应得到苯甲醛。以苯甲酸为原料,在氢气的作用下制备苯甲醛。该工艺生产简单,不污染环境,自制ZnO催化剂性能优良,具有环保与经济双重价值。本论文设计对整个反应进行了物料恒算,热量恒算,设备选型及计算。最后绘制了生产工艺流程图,物料流程图,车间平面布置图,车间立面布置图。7599
1 任务的来源本设计是针对苯甲醛进行设计,以专业基础课的学习为基础,设计合理的工艺流程,选择相应的工艺设备等。其目的是提高解决化工产品生产车
间设计实际问题的能力;掌握化工工艺流程设计、物料恒算、热量衡算、设备选型等的基本方法和步骤;从技术上的可行性与合理性两个方面树立正确的设计思想。通过本课程设计,也提高了运用计算机设计绘图的能力。
2 设计标准
本设计参考了以下国家标准和规定
(1)生产过程危险品和有害因素分类与代码(GB/T13816-1992)
(2)常用危险化学的分类标准(GB13690-1992)
(3)压力容器中化学介质典型危害和爆炸危险程度分类(HGJ43-1991)
(4)工厂防火规定(GBJ16-1987)
(5)污水综合排放规定(GBJ8978)
(6)钢制压力容器(GB150)
(7)管壳式换热器标准(GB151)
(8)工艺系统设备布置设计规定(HG20570)
(9)化工装置管道布置设计规定(HG/T20549)
3 设计原则及主要设计指标
2 Design Standards
The design references the following national standards and regulations.
(1)Production of dangerous goods and harmful factors in classification and code.(GB/T13816-1992)
(2)Dangerous chemical commonly used in the classification criteria. (GB13690-1992)
(3)Typical chemical medium pressure vessel explosion hazards and safety levels. (HGJ43-1991)
(4)Factory fire safety requirements.(GBJ16-1987)
(5)Integrated wastewater discharge requirements.(GBJ8978)
(6)Steel pressure vessel.(GB150)
(7)The standard shell and tube heat exchanger.(GB151)
(8)System and Equipment layout design requirements.(HG20570)
(9)Chemical plant piping design requirements.(HG/T20549)
3 Design principles and key design indicators
Principle:
(1)Safe and reliable: the design of many chemical substances are flammable, explosive or toxic. Therefore, the design must be taken into account of all sorts of obviousand potentially dangerous and used strict regulations of national and local health and safety to ensure little environmental pollution and the health of production personnel.
(2)operation is simple: adhere to the scientific attitude to determine various production process and equipment and the operation condition reasonably, striving to achieve themild reaction condition and low requirements of equipments and convenient operation of the workers as the result.
(3)reasonable economy: reduce equipment costs, raw material costs, labor costs and other aspects investment effectively and reasonably.
(4)easy to install: Plant layout should meet the requirements of the construction and installation, with emphasis to
consider the installation of large equipment, factory and load road pavement construction and installation standards should meet the requirements.
3.1全车间物料衡算14
3.1.1 物质性质数据14
3.1.2 设计依据14
3.1.3 全车间的物料衡算15
3.2 热量衡算
3.2.1热容的计算17
3.2.2焓的计算17
3.2.3反应焓的计算19