颜色词论文 参考文献
现代汉语基本颜色词研究
稳固性:基本颜色词应该在历史上长期表示颜色,是最稳固的颜色词。 姚小平先生在《基本颜色词理论述评——兼论汉语基本颜色词的演变史》一 文中对汉语基本颜色词的发展史进行了研究。根据姚小平先生的研究,我们 发现,早在殷商时代就出现了黑(幽)、白、红(赤)、黄、绿(青)、蓝(青) 这六个基本颜色词。“灰”的抽象颜色意义出现在汉代文献,到了晋代,“灰” 的使用开始频繁起来;“棕”(褐)的颜色用法在明清文献中还不多见,在现 代汉语中才广泛经常地使用起来。由此可见,棕的稳固性并不强。
辽宁师范大学 硕士学位论文 现代汉语基本颜色词研究 姓名:于慧婧 申请学位级别:硕士 专业:汉语言文字学 指导教师:迟永长
20070510
摘要
内容摘要:颜色词是根据概念意义划分出来的词类,主要是用来描写自然界各种 事物的色彩。它历来都是许多领域的研究者感兴趣的课题,语言学对颜色词也进 行过研究和探索。本文选取颜色词中基本颜色词为研究对象,在语义理论和语用 理论的指导下,综合运用归纳法、例举法等研究方法,对现代汉语基本颜色词进 行系统分析。
尽管近四十年来,我国对汉语基本颜色词的研究已经取得了可喜的成果, 但还是存在着一些问题和不足,具体表现为以下几点:
第一,颜色词的研究主要集中在中外颜色词比较上。虽然这四十年来, 对汉语颜色词研究的论文很多,但这些文章大多数是跨民族对比研究,且往 往局限于颜色词的文化伴随意义的对比研究,且这些研究多是举例、列举性 的,缺乏理论探索和系统分析。
全文主要分为三大部分。 第一部分主要对现代汉语基本颜色词进行界定和分类。首先在前人的界定成 果基础上,依据柏林、凯关于颜色词的经典理论,界定现代汉语基本颜色词为白、 黑、红、黄、绿、蓝、紫、灰8个。然后,以这8个基本颜色词为语义场,对基 本颜色词的下位词进行层级分类并对基本颜色词的下位词进行构词法分析。 第二部分分别分析8个基本颜色词的汉民族文化内涵。并对它们的语义特点 和语义来源进行详细论述。 第三部分是对本文的总结和归纳。
颜色词论文颜色词在中西方的差异论文
颜色词论文颜色词在中西方的差异论文摘要:所有颜色本身对于人类在视觉上是一样的,但由于历史背景、文化传统、风俗习惯、价值观念、宗教信仰等不同,它们的文化内涵却大相径庭。
本文对英汉语言中的一些基本颜色词予以举例分析,以求探究中西方文化的差异。
关键词:颜色词;词义;中西方;差异一、引言我们生活的世界因为有了色彩而生动,因为有了色彩而形象。
色彩丰富了人类的生活,扩充了人类的语言。
无论你在世界的哪个角落色彩本身是不会变的,但是由于各地的历史背景、文化传统、风俗习惯、价值观念、宗教信仰等的不同,人们又总习惯用思维定势来描绘这些颜色词,因此,同一颜色词的文化内涵却大相径庭。
二、颜色词在中西方的文化差异(一)红色中国人崇尚红色,它可以体现人们在精神和物质上的追求。
如人们把促成他人美好姻缘的人称为“红娘”,传统婚礼中,新娘裹红挂彩,新郎胸前戴大红花,洞房内贴一对大红喜字(红双喜),这时的红色是对爱情美满的期望。
每逢传统佳节,家家都要挂大红灯笼、贴红“福”字,来烘托幸福、喜庆的气氛。
如果人的境遇很好被称为“走红”,生意兴旺叫“红火”,得到上司宠信叫“红人”,分到合伙经营的利润叫“分红”,表示运气好、旗开得胜叫“开门红”,这些时候的红色是吉祥、幸运的化身。
在西方,红色也有喜庆、欢乐的象征意义,但带有喧闹意味。
例如在西方国家,人们把圣诞节和其他节日称为red-letter day(喜庆的日子);圣诞节时,圣诞老人要戴红帽、着红妆。
美国人用red来表达高温与激情,如red carpet 表示“隆重欢迎”。
然而,在英语中,红色更多是含贬义的,表示残酷、狂热、灾祸、血腥等意思,是血与火的颜色,象征激进、暴力、危险。
如a red flag(‘用作危险信号的’红旗);the red rules of tooth and claw(残杀和暴力统治)。
它还象征着放荡、淫秽,如a red light district花街柳巷(红灯区),同时在英语中红色还指“负债”,表示赤字、亏欠。
英文本科毕业论文《从颜色词看中英文化差异》.doc
从颜色词看中英文化差异摘要我们生活在五彩缤纷、五颜六色的世界中,颜色的多样性造成了与之相对应的颜色词的丰富多彩。
颜色词除了可以表示最基本的大自然绚丽色彩的意义以外,在某种程度上也体现了人类的一些价值观和审美观。
在这种情况下,颜色词已不单纯是表示客观颜色的指称意义了,而是被赋予了不同的象征意义,而不同文化背景的人们对颜色的感知和审美体验是同中有异,异中有同。
本文将选取几个典型的颜色词来分析颜色词在中英文化中所存在的共性和差异性,探讨形成这种差异性的各种原因,并浅略讲述其对跨文化沟通、交流的影响及解决办法。
关键词:颜色词联想意义文化差异跨文化交际Chinese and English Cultural Differences Reflected in the ColorTermsAbstractAs we live in a colorful world, the diversity of colors results in the diversity of the equivalent color terms. Apart from expressing the most basic colors in the nature, colors, to some extent, represent some values and aesthetics of the mankind. In this case, color terms no longer merely express the designative meaning of the objective colors. They are given different symbolic meanings. People with different cultural background have different perceptions and aesthetic experience about colors, in which similarities can be found.This paper will select a few typical color terms to analyze the similarities and differences of color terms in Chinese and English cultures, discuss various reasons for these similarities, and touches upon their influence on the cross-cultural communication and exchanges and the solutions.Key words:color terms, associative meaning, cultural differences, cross-cultural communication目录引言 (1)1、中英两种文化中的颜色词及在跨文化交际中的翻译误区 (1)1.1、中英两种文化中的颜色词 (1)1.2、跨文化交际中颜色词的翻译误区 (1)2、颜色词在中英文化中的不同内涵,其共性与差异性 (1)2.1、白色(white) (2)2.2、红色(red) (2)2.3、黄色(yellow) (3)3、颜色词在中英文化中形成差异性的原因 (3)3.1、文化差异的原因 (4)3.2、价值取向的原因 (4)3.3、思维方式的原因 (5)3.4、宗教方面的原因 (5)3.5、其它原因 (5)4、颜色词的差异性对跨文化交流的影响 (6)5、在跨文化交流中应如何正确理解和翻译颜色词 (6)5.1、直译法 (6)5.2、意译法 (6)5.3、更换颜色词的翻译法 (7)5.4、增加颜色词的翻译法 (7)6、结语 (7)7、参考文献 (8)从颜色词看中英文化差异引言色彩与人类的生活息息相关,是人类认识世界的一个重要领域。
英汉颜色词隐喻对比论文
英汉颜色词隐喻对比论文摘要:随着,国际社会中不同民族文化交流的深入发展,不同民族的文化也有融合,许多词汇也将成为各民族间共用的词汇,但每一种语言都深深扎根于自己独特的文化中,其特有的隐喻意义是无法消除的,颜色词作为其中的一小类当然也不会例外,它具有文化特殊性。
这种特殊性决定了中西方在长期的生活中形成的对色彩的独特感情评价和联想意义,即使同一种颜色有褒贬不同意思。
这在跨文化交际中应特别注意,以免引起不必要的“文化碰撞”。
我们生活在一个五彩缤纷的世界,绿树蓝天碧海,无数种颜色存在在我们周围。
颜色使得这个世界充满活力,不再乏味单调。
但人们开始用颜色来表达一些抽象的,看不见的事物时,颜色词的隐喻意义就开始产生了。
几乎每种语言中都可以找到颜色词的英语用法,英语和中文中当然也不例外。
英汉颜色词的概念意义大体上是相同的,但由于不同国家地理位置、历史背景、审美心理、价值观念、思维方式等方面的差异,同一颜色在不同民族文化中具有不同的隐喻含义,不同民族用颜色词表达相同的隐喻含义时,所用的颜色词也存在这差异。
本文采用典型的实例,通过比较英汉颜色词隐喻用法,来体现这两种语言中的颜色词的隐喻用法既有共性,又有差异性。
一、英汉颜色词隐喻的共性英汉颜色词都可以用来指代不同的抽象事物,以下源领域和目标领域之间的关系在英语和汉语的颜色词中都成立:请看以下例子:e.g.1 通过颜色表现出情感英语:She looks blue.她看上去情绪低落。
He gave her a black look.他对她怒目而视。
汉语:红白喜事(喜庆的,悲伤的)心灰意冷/灰心丧气(消沉的,沮丧的)e.g.2 通过颜色表现出事物品质英语:a white spirit 正直的精神White hand 廉洁He is too yellow to stand up and fight.他太胆怯而不敢起来抵抗。
汉语:他的心黑得很。
(恶毒的)清白(纯洁的)一般来说,汉语里要描述一个人地位高,权力大,通常会形容他的穿着,这个时候一般都会用上金色,黄色和紫色等。
颜色词的发展演变规律文献综述
颜色词的发展演变文献综述2011级对外汉语学号:201105121068王海湾摘要:颜色词是人类的色彩感知用自然语言表达和固定下来的结果,一直以来,人们对颜色词的研究充满浓厚的兴趣。
古今中外,人类学家语言学家等对人的色彩感知和颜色词进行了多方位多角度的研究。
目前,关于颜色研究方向很多,涉及很多方面。
现将近日查阅的各类研究性论文和学术期刊稍作梳理,给大家提供参考。
关键词:汉语颜色词文化国内外都不乏对于颜色词的探讨,最具影响力的当数美国民族学家Berlin 和Kay, 他们曾在1969年发表《基本色彩词语: 普遍性与进化论研究》, 在这部巨著中就近百种语言中的基本颜色词进行了深入有趣的研究。
国内也有不少语言学家对颜色词进行了越来越深入的研究, 如伍铁平先生“论颜色词及其模糊性质”(伍铁平, 1986)对颜色词的模糊语义展开了研究; 张旺熹“色彩词联想初论”(张旺熹, 1988)就颜色词的联想义进行了研究, 较为全面地揭示出颜色词意义复杂性的深层原因。
骆峰《汉语色彩词的文化审视》(上海辞书出版社,2004年1月第一版),周一农《词汇的文汇内涵》等书都对部分颜色词进行了研究。
章银泉《色彩描写词典》(银川人民出版社,1988)就收有古今汉语颜色词1200个。
尹泳龙《中国颜色名称》(地质出版社,1997)共搜集古今流传的颜色名称2500个,同色异名归并后为1867个。
颜色词在语言中应用相当广泛,它内涵丰富,色彩鲜明,使众多的研究者对其产生了浓厚的兴趣。
随着人类社会经验的不断丰富, 对于颜色词认知和使用也随着发生着变化, 对英汉颜色词的更加深入的研究无疑是发展的需要, 也有利于增进彼此合作与交流。
按照研究对象的大的范围,可以将研究方向大致分为两个方面,分别是汉语颜色词的研究和英汉颜色词的对比研究。
一方面是对汉语颜色词进行研究。
主要从颜色词的发展、语义和文化内涵角度分析,相关论文如:《说文糸部颜色词同源发展认知分析》《释白》《颜色字白及其文化阐释》《语素白的结合能力分析》《说文解字颜色词探究》《色彩文化地理透视》《颜色的文化内涵》《色彩词的文化内涵》《现代汉语基本颜色词的超常组合》《汉语色彩词衍生法之探究》《论黑色词》《绿的文化内涵及构词》《色彩词及其分类》等等。
[英语论文]论颜色词在英汉双语中的使用
论颜色词在英汉双语中的使用摘要:本文采用对比的手法探讨了英汉两种语言中颜色词的差异,说明由于民族历史、社会制度、道德信仰等方面的差异,颜色的表示方法和使用也有很多的不同,对同一种颜色词的理解也有很大差别。
因此,了解并掌握颜色词及其所构成词汇,对跨文化研究与交流有一定的实际意义。
关键词:颜色词;差异;意义;颜色词,顾名思义,就是语言中承担描述色彩作用的词汇。
中英两种语言之中,都有大量的颜色词存在。
在汉语中有红、橙、黄、绿、白、黑、蓝、紫、灰,在英语中也有red, orange, yellow, green, white, black, blue, purple, gray与之相对应。
乔姆斯基在“句法要略”中提出:“语言的一种基本属性在于语言提供各种手段来表达无穷无尽的思想和无止境的新的情景下作出的适宜的反映”。
这便是说明了语言具有创造性的本质,也就决定了词汇可以根据不同的条件表达各种的意义。
对于颜色词来说也不例外。
由于受到民族文化、社会制度、道德信仰、文化艺术、风俗习惯、价值观念、思维方式、生活方式以及地域风貌等等差别的影响,人们对于颜色的客观理解也就呈现出千差万别的景象。
一、英汉两种语言中对同种颜色词的不同理解中华民族崇红尚黄。
就红、黄两种颜色来说,中西方的理解就存在着很大的差别。
中国人尚红,来源于对太阳的崇拜,认为红色代表着喜庆、吉祥、成功、忠诚和兴旺。
所以在中国的传统婚礼上,新人穿红袍,盖红盖头,点红蜡烛。
象征着今后的日子会充满幸福和喜悦。
在现代的词汇中,“红包”是奖励和祝福,“红利”是利润,“红颜”指代年轻和美貌。
再说三国时期的著名武将——关羽,书上说其是“面如重枣”,表明其耿直,忠诚的性格。
所以也就有了“千里走单骑”的壮举,为古今人们所传诵。
而在西方,因为红色是与血和火有关的颜色,red常常用做贬义,它代表的是灾祸、血腥等含义。
如:red-hands 血腥的手——杀人的手;be caught red-handed 当场被捕(被捉个现行); red-neck 乡巴佬,即受美国北方人所歧视的美国南部的农民。
汉语言文学-浅析《中国谚语大辞典》中的基本颜色词论文
摘要颜色词是根据概念意义划分出来的词类,是语言词汇系统中非常特殊的一员,主要是指描写事物色彩的词。
本文以《中国谚语大辞典》为语料,选取《中国谚语大辞典》中含有“黄、白、青、红、黑”共五种基本颜色词的谚语,采用统计、文献研究、归纳整理和例证说明等研究方法,通过对谚语中基本颜色词数量特点、构成方式和语法性质三个方面的研究,归纳总结谚语中基本颜色词的使用概况;同时,结合具体谚语分析“黄、白、黑、青、红”等五种基本颜色词的词义引申特点,把握基本颜色词的象征义;最后,从人们的心理情绪体验和社会传统文化等层面探析谚语中基本颜色词除了作为物体本身固有颜色的表述外所蕴含的社会文化内涵。
关键词:《中国谚语大辞典》;基本颜色词;词义引申;文化内涵AbstractColor word is a part of speech classified according to the conceptual meaning, which is a very special member of the language vocabulary system. It mainly refers to the words describing various colors of things. This paper takes the Chinese prover dictionary as the corpus, select "Chinese proverb dictionary contains" yellow, white, black, green and red ", a total of five basic color words saying, using literature research method, statistical method, induction, illustration and other research methods, from the basic color words quantity distribution characteristics, forms and grammatical properties of three aspects: sum up the use of the basic color words In proverbs; At the same time, combined with the specific proverbs analysis of the five basic color words " yellow, white, black, green, red" extended characteristics of the meaning of the basic color words, grasp the symbolic meaning of the basic color words; Finally, from the perspective of people's psychological and emotional experience and social traditional culture, this paper analyzes the social and cultural connotation of the basic color words in proverbs besides the expression of the inherent color of the object itself.Key words: dictionary of Chinese proverbs ;Basic color words;The meaning is extended ; The cultural connotati.目录一、引言 (1)二、《中国谚语大辞典》中基本颜色词的使用概况 (1)(一)基本颜色词的界定 (1)(二)谚语中基本颜色词的数量特点 (3)(三)谚语中基本颜色词的构成方式 (4)(四)谚语中基本颜色词的语法性质 (5)三、《中国谚语大辞典》中基本颜色词的词义引申 (7)(一)基本颜色词“红”的引申义 (7)(二)基本颜色词“白”的引申义 (7)(三)基本颜色词“黄”的引申义 (8)(四)基本颜色词“黑”的引申义 (9)(五)基本颜色词“青”的引申义 (9)四、《中国谚语大辞典》中基本颜色词的文化研究 (10)(一)颜色词与情绪情感 (10)1. 带喜欢色彩的颜色词:红 (11)2. 好恶模糊的颜色词:黄、白、青 (11)3. 带厌恶色彩的颜色词:黑 (11)(二)颜色词与社会文化 (12)1. 颜色与民俗风情 (12)2. 颜色与农事活动 (13)3. 颜色与等级尊卑 (14)五、结语 (14)注文 (15)参考文献 (15)致谢 (17)浅析《中国谚语大辞典》中的基本颜色词一、引言中华民族在漫长的历史演变过程中,逐渐形成了自己别具一格的色彩文化和审美品味。
英语毕业论文颜色词的中英文文化差异
英语毕业论文颜色词的中英文文化差异Cultural Differences of Chinese and English Color WordsABSTRACTLanguage is a kind of social phenomenon and is the carrier of culture. Almost every language has color words, including Chinese and English. However, the words to describe colors differ from one language to another because of different customs, polities, religious beliefs etc. Different colors bring different symbolic meanings which have unique characteristics in each nation. As a result, it may lead to misunderstanding and even violate the taboos. The main purpose of this paper is to compare the differences between Chinese and English color words in terms of word building, history, politics, economy and daily usage to help people to have a better understanding of different cultures and to bridge the gap between different cultures in communication and to facilitate cultural exchange.Keywords: color word culture differences politics history daily usage颜色词的中英文文化差异摘要语言是一种社会现象,也是文化的载体。
颜色词的文化内涵及翻译【文献综述】
文献综述英语颜色词的文化内涵及翻译一、前言部分(说明写作的目的,介绍有关概念,扼要说明有关主题争论焦点)翻译是创作使其发挥某种功能能够的译语文本。
它与其原语文本保持的联系将根据译文预期或所要求的功能得以具体化。
翻译使得由于客观存在的语言文化障碍无法进行的交际行为得以顺利进行。
从翻译的这一定义中我们可以了解到翻译必须化解客观存在的语言和文化的障碍。
而语言作为文化的一个载体,深深地打上了民族、地域和时代的烙印,反映了该民族的生活习惯、思维方式、语言心理、行为规范、道德价值、政治观念和文化传统等。
不过由于每个民族的文化系统不同,个民族语言中的重要组成部分之---颜色和颜色词所代表的文化涵义也各有异同。
个民族语言对于颜色词的分类,理解和实际使用存在着很大的差异。
英语和汉语作为古老而又被世界广泛应用的语言,颜色词所反映的颜色和它们本身可以让人产生许多联想意义,因此我们在进行英汉互译时应特别注意他们的文化差异。
当代社会跨语言交流呈现出愈演愈烈的趋势,因此做好对跨语言的文化认识和翻译显得十分重要。
而颜色词作为在日常生活生产中跨语言交流不可避免的一部分,它所蕴含的文化内涵及准确表达,已经成为翻译工作的一个重点和难点了。
二、主题部分(阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向,以及对这些问题的评述)1. 翻译的概念和特点翻译是翻译学的核心概念,也是翻译学及其相关学科的基石和逻辑起点。
通过历时比较和共时对照中外各种有代表性的翻译定义,可以针对它们的缺点进行修改和补充,以期对译学大厦的构建提出坚实的理论基础。
翻译学作为一门独立的学科在国外已经存在,“在西方,更多的人现在已经逐渐接受把翻译学看成一门独立的学科。
”在国内,“译学作为一个独立的学科已经存在并在迅速发展。
”从翻译定义的历时比较与共时对照研究,可以得知翻译研究经历了传统语文学研究阶段、现代语言学研究阶段和当代多学科研究阶段。
而鉴于以上三个阶段的分析,翻译的定义可以尝试着重新界定为:翻译是译者通过其思维或信息科技手段将源语文本中表达原作者意图的各种信息转换到风格极似的译语中以满足读者特定需要的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动。
浅析英汉颜色词的异同学位论文
ABSTRACTOwing to the differences in cognition and cultural backgrounds, the associative, symbolic and implied meaning of the English and the Chinese color terms are different. This article makes a comparison of the similarities and differences between the English color terms and the Chinese ones, with the purpose to raise the awareness of the color terms and provide a better understanding of the Chinese and different cognitive ways and cultural background, which will play an important role in the cross-culture communication.Key word: color terms; cognition; culture; similarities and differences中文摘要颜色与人们的生活息息相关,对颜色的认知也是人类的基本认知之一,人类的色彩感知用自然语言表达和固定下来就是自然语言中的各类颜色词语。
颜色词作为词汇中的重要组成部分,在人们的生活和交际中起着重要的作用。
受语言共同属性的影响,汉英颜色词在产生发展及功能用法上都表现出了强大的共性。
但是汉英两种语言毕竟孕育于不同的文化,在发展的过程中又受到各种背景的影响,其差异也是不言而喻的。
本文将分析和归纳汉英颜色词的相通性和差异性,以及造成这种相通性与差异性的原因,从而让人更好地理解汉英颜色词背后所蕴含的汉英两民族不同的观察视角和文化历史背景,对汉英跨文化交流起着巨大的帮助作用。
关于汉英基本颜色词文化内涵对比研究
关于汉英基本颜色词文化内涵对比研究论文关键词:基本颜色文化特征对比交际论文摘要:语言是文化的载体,词汇是语言中最为活跃的元素,而颜色词更与我们人类密切相关,体现不同地区和民族的文化特征。
本文就汉英两种语言中基本颜色词汇的不同文化内涵进行了对比分析,其目的在于能够更好更为准确地使用颜色词的同时,进一步到达交际的目的。
1颜色词语的意义语言是文化的载体.同时又是文化的重要组成部分。
而词语又是语言中最为活跃的因素,是语言中最能反映文化特征的部分。
它们的产生、变化和发展都包含着丰富、复杂的文化信息,如地理环境、历史传统、政治经济、风俗民情、宗教信仰、审美取向、价值观念及思维方式等等,其中色彩词语最能体现出浓厚的民族色彩和鲜明的文化特征,使不同民族的语言呈现出不同的特色。
带有明显的文化烙印。
这就要求译者在翻译不同文化和语言中带有颜色的词汇时,要充分理解该颜色在不同地区和领域中的显著特征和具体内涵,切不可“望文生义”。
颜色与人类的生活息息相关,我们无时无刻不在与颜色打交道。
大干世界的颜色种类无穷无尽,有各自的独特物理属性,在语言中也有鲜明生动的体现。
对颜色的认知,是人类最基本的认知范畴之一。
世界各民族语言表达颜色的词语数量不一,分类各异。
但英语和汉语对基本颜色词的分类差别不大。
汉语中有赤、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫,英语中有red(~),white(白),black(黑),reen(绿),yellow(黄),blue(蓝),purple(紫),ray(灰),brown(棕)。
这些基本颜色之间有相同的方面,也有不同的区别。
不同之处主要受到地理环境、民情风俗、思维方式、宗教信仰等因素的影响,使不同的颜色在视觉和心理上对不同地区和民族的人产生不一样的联想和象征意义。
下面对英汉两种语言中的几种主要颜色词进行一下对比研究。
2颜色词语的翻译2.1红色(red)在任何一种语言内,词语都可能带有一定的情感色彩,或有褒义,或有贬义,或者不褒不贬。
中英典型颜色词的对比分析
中英典型颜色词的对比分析【摘要】语言是文化的载体,颜色词不仅可以表达自然界斑斓的色彩,还反映了独特的价值观和丰富的文化内涵。
本文选取一些典型的颜色词来比较它们在中英两种文化中的不同含义,并分析形成这些差异的原因。
【关键词】颜色词;文化差异;跨文化交际随着全球一体化进程的不断推进和国际交流与合作的日益密切,中英文化也不断交融,相互渗透。
然而,由于中英文化差异,颜色词的象征意义也存在极大差异。
本篇论文旨在研究不同文化背景下典型颜色词的不同含义及其产生原因,通过对比分析,加深对中英文化的了解,进而增强跨文化交际的能力。
一、文献回顾1969年,美国语言学家伯林(Brent Berlin)和凯(Paul Kay)撰写了《基本颜色词:它们的分类和演变》一书,提出了基本颜色词(basic color terms)理论。
在中国,对颜色词的系统研究可以追溯到20世纪80年代,邓炎昌与刘润清不仅比较了中英颜色词的含义还对它们的功能进行了分析。
伍铁平侧重对颜色词模糊意义的研究而张旺熹则侧重对颜色词联想意义的研究。
有的学者侧重于对颜色词语料的整理归类如梅家驹的《同义词林》(1983),还有些学者如刘云泉、叶水林、谭德姿、胡桂芳等则从修辞学的角度撰文探讨汉语颜色词的语用之美。
此外,有关中英颜色词的比较研究也在不断推陈出新:潘章仙《漫谈汉英颜色词的文化内涵》,谭爱平《跨文化交际中颜色词的比较》,潘晓东《汉英颜色词语文化内涵差异的探讨》等。
二、典型颜色词的对比分析1.“红色”在中英文化中的不同含义中国文化中最为崇尚的颜色就是红色,来自太阳,象征着吉祥、喜庆和幸福,褒义。
如“开门红”、“红双喜”、“红娘”、“红极一时”、“红光满面”、“红人”、“走红”等习惯表达。
老百姓坚信红色可以辟邪,如本命年穿红色衣服,佩戴红色腰带;婚礼传统服装均为大红色;新年要互送红包等习俗。
红色还象征着革命,如“红色政权”、“红军”等。
东亚股市中,红色意味着股价上涨。
颜色词论文
A Constractive Study on Cultural Connotation of English andChinese Color WordsApplicant: Qi Y ongwenSupervisor: Yu YeziFaculty: English DepartmentZhang Jiajie CollegeJanuary 6 , 2015Jishou UniversityContents Abstract (I)摘要 (II)I.Introduction (1)1.1 Introduction of Color words (1)1.2 Study on Purples, contents and meaning (1)II.Contract of cultural Connotations of Color Terms between English and Chinese (2)2.1 Contact of cultural Connotation of Red between English and Chinese (2)2.1.1 红 (2)2.1.2 Red (3)2.2 Contact of cultural Connotation of White between English and Chinese (4)2.2.1 白 (4)2.2.2 White (5)2.3 Contact of cultural Connotation of Yellow between English and Chinese (6)2.3.1 黄 (6)2.3.2 Yellow (7)III. Causes of Differences (8)3.1 Natural Environment (8)3.2 Perception (9)3.3 Religions (11)IV. Conclusion (13)Bibliography (14)AbstractThe world we live in is very colorful. There are various color words and expressions of colors used to depict the colorful world. Though different nations have different color conceptions, basic color words/characters, such as red/ 红,white/白,yellow/黄are in common in both English and Chinese. Basic color words/characters are always closely connected with Chinese and English cultures and reflect many different cultures of the two nations.The thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter One is the introduction of color words and the study on purples,contents and meaning. Chapter Two serves as the main body of this thesis, firstly finding out the common basic color words/characters in English and Chinese based on the theory of basic color words, then discussing the cultural connotations of English and Chinese common color words/characters in detail and contrasting the similarities and dissimilarities between them. Chapter Three probes the causes of similarities and dissimilarities including perceptions of color, natural environment, philosophy, religions, traditions and customs. Finally the paper concludes that though different nation may have different colors and different color words, there are some colors and color words in common. To understand the cultural connotations of the same color words in different languages, the cultural background of them should be learned so that misunderstanding will notbe caused in cross-cultural communications.To sum up language carries and reflects culture, so do the basic color words/characters as a part of language. Through the contrastive study on the cultural connotations of basic color words/characters in English and Chinese, the thesis concludes that in cross-cultural communication, the study will make people teach and learn English better and do translation more correctly and precisely.Key words:Basic Color Words/Characters; Cultural Connotations; Contrastive Study摘要我们生活在一个多彩的世界,相应地有诸多的颜色词被用来描述这个世界。
颜色词在中外语言中差异”中西文化论文
颜色词在中外语言中差异”中西文化论文文章简介:摘要:颜色词在英汉两种语言中有着丰富的内涵,在文化心理和民族习俗中扮演着十分重要的角色。
从黑色、白色的中文和英文含义可以看出中西文化的差异。
了解并掌握这些颜色词汇的差异,对克服中西文化冲突,推动中西文化交流有一定的实际意义。
自然界是五颜六色的。
颜色在人们心目中会产生特定的含义,引起特定的联想,激发特殊的反…摘要:颜色词在英汉两种语言中有着丰富的内涵,在文化心理和民族习俗中扮演着十分重要的角色。
从黑色、白色的中文和英文含义可以看出中西文化的差异。
了解并掌握这些颜色词汇的差异,对克服中西文化冲突,推动中西文化交流有一定的实际意义。
自然界是五颜六色的。
颜色在人们心目中会产生特定的含义,引起特定的联想,激发特殊的反应,这就是颜色的社会内涵。
汉语和英语中有不少颜色词反映出不同的文化心态和感情色彩。
特别是汉语,自古以来就有丰富多彩的颜色词。
同样,在英语中,也有不少能够折射出西方文化的颜色词。
但由于英汉民族自然环境、社会制度、风土人情、文化背景不同,其内涵意义既有相似点,也有不同点。
下面就中西方文化中黑色和白色颜色词的象征意义进行一些对比和探讨,以期对英语学习者带来些许兴致,提高英语学习者学习英语的热情,以及加深中国人对西方文化的了解。
一、黑色(black)黑色(black)在英语和汉语两种语言文化中的联系意义大致相同。
例如,黑色是悲哀的颜色,英美人在葬礼上穿黑色服装,中国人在葬礼上戴黑纱。
英语中的BlackFriday指耶稣在复活节前受难的星期五,是悲哀的日子。
同时,黑色都代表黑暗、阴险、邪恶。
比如汉语有黑社会、黑帮、黑幕,而英语中也有类似表达。
如:blackmoney(黑钱,指来源不正当而且没有向政府报税的钱);blackmarket(黑市交易或黑市意为暗中进行政府禁止买卖的商品或外汇的交易,或指进行违法的投机市场);blackmarketprice(黑市价格);blackday(凶日);blackfuture(暗淡的前途);blackmail(勒索);blacklist(黑名单)。
中英文中颜色词的比较研究[1]1
泰州高等师范专科学校外语系毕业论文A Contrastive Study of Color Words in English andChinese中英文中颜色词的比较研究专业:英语教育姓名: Penny指导教师:杨卉卉论文提交日期:2010年5月10日A Contrastive Study of Color Words in English andChineseAbstract:There are lots of words which stand for color in English and Chinese. But the meaning of color words in these languages has a huge difference. We not only need to pay attention to their basic connotation, but also observe their profound symbolized meaning. People's actual life is closely related to color. There are many color expressions, which reflect different culture psychologies and emotional colorings both in Chinese and English. Because the mankind has the same physiological mechanism and vision nerve, the color words are no different in essence, theoretically. However, because of various language culture, historical background, religious belief, mode of thinking, etc. in different nationality, people's impression of color and expression are different, and the associative meaning produced by the color has nothing in common with each other. There are different and various color words and expressions in English and Chinese. Sometimes it is difficult to find equivalent expression in one language. We need to know these differences; it is good for overcoming the cultural conflict and fostering the communication between the nations.中英有许多代表颜色的词,但颜色词的意思又大不相同。
[论文]颜色词的发展演变规律文献综述
颜色词的发展演变文献综述2011级对外汉语学号:201105121068王海湾摘要:颜色词是人类的色彩感知用自然语言表达和固定下来的结果,一直以来,人们对颜色词的研究充满浓厚的兴趣。
古今中外,人类学家语言学家等对人的色彩感知和颜色词进行了多方位多角度的研究。
目前,关于颜色研究方向很多,涉及很多方面。
现将近日查阅的各类研究性论文和学术期刊稍作梳理,给大家提供参考。
关键词:汉语颜色词文化国内外都不乏对于颜色词的探讨,最具影响力的当数美国民族学家Berlin 和Kay, 他们曾在1969年发表《基本色彩词语: 普遍性与进化论研究》, 在这部巨著中就近百种语言中的基本颜色词进行了深入有趣的研究。
国内也有不少语言学家对颜色词进行了越来越深入的研究, 如伍铁平先生“论颜色词及其模糊性质”(伍铁平, 1986)对颜色词的模糊语义展开了研究; 张旺熹“色彩词联想初论”(张旺熹, 1988)就颜色词的联想义进行了研究, 较为全面地揭示出颜色词意义复杂性的深层原因。
骆峰《汉语色彩词的文化审视》(上海辞书出版社,2004年1月第一版),周一农《词汇的文汇内涵》等书都对部分颜色词进行了研究。
章银泉《色彩描写词典》(银川人民出版社,1988)就收有古今汉语颜色词1200个。
尹泳龙《中国颜色名称》(地质出版社,1997)共搜集古今流传的颜色名称2500个,同色异名归并后为1867个。
颜色词在语言中应用相当广泛,它内涵丰富,色彩鲜明,使众多的研究者对其产生了浓厚的兴趣。
随着人类社会经验的不断丰富, 对于颜色词认知和使用也随着发生着变化, 对英汉颜色词的更加深入的研究无疑是发展的需要, 也有利于增进彼此合作与交流。
按照研究对象的大的范围,可以将研究方向大致分为两个方面,分别是汉语颜色词的研究和英汉颜色词的对比研究。
一方面是对汉语颜色词进行研究。
主要从颜色词的发展、语义和文化内涵角度分析,相关论文如:《说文糸部颜色词同源发展认知分析》《释白》《颜色字白及其文化阐释》《语素白的结合能力分析》《说文解字颜色词探究》《色彩文化地理透视》《颜色的文化内涵》《色彩词的文化内涵》《现代汉语基本颜色词的超常组合》《汉语色彩词衍生法之探究》《论黑色词》《绿的文化内涵及构词》《色彩词及其分类》等等。
中西颜色词的文化内涵比较-以红色黄色为例
英语语言学课程论文院系外国语学院专业英语师范专业班级 2011级英语师范三班学生姓名毛宁学号 201103024326任课教师王扬老师2014年月日The Different Meaning of Color Word Between Chinese and English - Taking Example of Word Redand Yellow专业英语师范学生毛宁学号201103024326Abstract: Due to the different geographical location, culture and tradition, different nations have different feelings and ideas about colors although they may share some common points on colors. This artical will focus on the differences meaning and symbolism about the color word between China and English and find out the similarities and the differences.Key words: meaning , symbolism, comprarison摘要:由于不同的地理环境以及文化传统,虽然一部分地区对颜色的理解会有相同之处,但大体来说不同国家对颜色有着不一样的理解和看法。
本篇文章旨在讨论研究:以红色和黄色为例,中英两国间颜色词词义和象征意义的异同。
关键词:词义,象征意义,两词比较Outline1.introduction2.color word in the world2.1Yellow2.2Red3.Basic Symbolisms of Color Words3.1Fun Facts About the Color Yellow3.1.1China part3.1.2English part3.2Color Word Red3.2.1Chinese part3.2.2English part4.Conclusion1. IntroductionEvery language has kinds of words for color. That is what color words we call. Color words is given different meanings under the influence of the different national historical culture,politics,religion,customs and social environmentfactors. With the development of human civilization, those meanings are also grow and develop. The colorful nature offers human beings interesting living place, and thanks for it, different area have their different understanging about the color word. As we know, words have basic meaning and something deeper than its basic concept. So we just take some typical color word for example.From the scientific definition, color is a visual phenomenon lauched, reflected or caused through certain light wave by the object, it is one kind of visual essential features of human eye. Color words, in whatever languages, are used for describing different things. The statistics show that there are more than 7 million kinds of colors can be recognized in the nature. But, the color names are very limited in the languages because there are only dozens of colors expressed in single-morpheme word.However, even though Chinese and English nations have a nearly same understanding to natural colors, their distinguished cultural backgrounds cause them to have different feeling about the associative meaning, implication, and allusion of colors. So, every color and even color word have its own basic symbolisms in each place.2. Color Word in the World2.1 YellowIn Chinese culture, colors corresponded with the five primary elements, the directions, and the four seasons. And yellow was associated with earth and the center (in relation to direction). The Chinese have placed a predominance upon the color yellow not seen elsewhere in the world. It was the color of emperors during both the Ming dynasty and the Qing dynasty. Huangdi, also known as the Yellow Emperor, is thought to be the founder of Chinese civilization, due to the tremendous amount of inventions that took place during his reign.Comparatively the utilization of the word yellow is quite unitary in English. In the United States, taxi cabs and school buses are associated with the color yellow. The telephone directory was traditionally printed annually on yellow paper and thus became known as the “yellow pages”.But, Huang, in chinese, appear in manypejorative expressions and all contain obsecene or pemographic material.However, in English, the obscene film was called blue film. That is because blue flm came from flauus in Lain.2.2 RedColor “red” is given a lot of meanings owing to different development of historic orbit. It can help a lot if we know what is the most proper meaning when we read something.Red is a very popular color in Chinese. According to the complicated development of Chinese culture, color”red” has been developed kinds of meanings.the basic of them is auspicious and festival. This view handed down from the ancient time and becomes a tradition.In Chinese traditional wedding, the bridegroom wears a red flower on his breast, and the bride is dressed in red. On happy days, people decorate their houses with red contenrns and doublets.The kids will get”红包”which is a red envelop containing mon ey as a gift in Spring festival. The color”red” also means lucky and victory.Honwever, red is not very popular color in western cuture, and have a very strong derogatory sense. The first thing came into westerner’s mind is “fire”, “blood” when they think about red. Red symbolizes brutal and blood. For example, “not be worth a red cent” means worthless orregarding something as being worthless (Oxford University Press,2002, P1250). Another way of using red in English is to usered in front of a noun as modifier in order to compose a new noun,such as “redcap”—means the member of the military police or arailway porter (Oxford University Press, 2002, P1250).Although red has many meanings owing to different cultural background, there still have some meanings in common. From the view of emotion, red has a closed relation with festival, celebration activities in order to express the enthusiastic,passional and lively codition of spirit. For example, red-letter days generally refers to Chrismas or festive day in English, the calender are also used red print; “roll out the red carpet for somebody” mean s to welcome someone. The color “red” have a lot of negative meaning in western culture,while it was given many positive meaning in chinese. Such as red is the symbol of some bad or unhappy thing, it can easily image “fire”,“blood”,“destroy” for the westerners.3.Basic Symbolisms of Color Words3.1 Fun Facts About the Color Yellow3.1.1 China partThe Chinese have a very complex feeling to the yellow.In China, yellow can show varities of meanings during one’s daily life. Chinese not only use it to modifier the best matter but also the worst one. And it is difficult for us to find a neutral meaning word indicated by yellow in Chinese. The people in China regard the yellow as the high-ranking symbols (Liu, 2006). Soit is easy for us to understand why they use yellow to stand for auspiciousness and prosperity.For example, “黄金时代” is the period that politics, economy or cultureis very flourishing;“黄袍加身” is likened to succeed in a coup and gain thepower. Surprisingly, in our China, yellow is also used to express a fail plan ora plan that will never come true, such as “黄了”. And it also can symbolize the place where thedied person would go—“黄泉”. The word yellow is used in totally different way in describing sex. “黄色书刊” or “黄色电影” aren’t the books or the movies in yellow cover, while they are filthy books or obscene movies.But the most interesting thing is that Chinese use“黄花闺女” as another name of virgin.3.1.2 English partIn English,yellow can not be treat like what they are in China. In English culture, yellow always symbolizes the connotations of sickness, sorrow, coward and disgusting, and it also symbolizes a despicable person or a nervous person. Genghis Khan ang Yihe Boxing Campaign really shocked the wesuern people so they slandered yellow people “the yellow peril”, other phrase like: “yellow dog”- a mean man; “yellow-livered”- coward; “yellow back”- common tales in 19th century. And it is also the symbol for love. We have learn a lesson about the yellow ribbon which stand for the deep love the wife show her husband.3.2 Color Word Red3.2.1 Chinese partIn Chinese people’s mind red is symbol for auspicious, success, honest and prosperous. This originates from the woeship to God of Sun. Ancient powerful and rich paople’s clothes are called “朱衣”,their house are “朱门”, their vehicle are “朱轩”,and the most famous example is “红楼梦”, which is one of the great classics in China and even in the world. Chinese use red to stand for joyous occasions, wedding and luckysuch as “红白喜事”. It means that celebrate a wedding or an oldman’s deathwithout any pain. “红娘”—the match maker. And red also means good luckor wonderful things such as “红运”(good luck) and“红火” which means the busine ss is prosperous.“红男绿女” which means boys and girls wearing beautiful clothes. “红角儿” the famous star. Sometimes red in Chinese isused to indicate jealousy in order to satirize, such as“红眼病” is used to satirize the person who is not only admire others’ fame and wealth, but also jealous of them. In Beijing opera, Guan Yu’s facial makeup is red, which symbolizes his straight ang loyal characteristics. In traditonal Chinese wedding ceremory, auspicious words are wrote in red and placed on a wall. The bride covered by red veil on the head and a red coat. The bridegroom wears a big red flower on the chest. These red clothes not only bring an auspicious air to the ceremony but also hint a wonderful(红火的) future.3.2.2 English partIn Chinese, the red(红色) has commendatory meaning, while in English, redis usually used in noun or has derogatory meaning.The color stands for blood ang fire. In the west, red is always derogatory, representiong cruel, mad, disaster and bloody, like: “red hands”- murderer, killer; “red-headed”- raving fury; “red-neck”-hick,villager,southern American peasant; “red skin”- derogatory name to American Indians. Red is also being deragatory and commendatory in English. “paint the town red”- 狂欢,饮酒作乐,“red-blooded”-健壮的,有勇气的;“red-hot miracle”- 意料之外的;“red-cross”- 圣乔治十字架,英国国章. These words show red using for commendatory meanings.4.ConclusionThe symbolic meanings of color words are affected by traditional culture, so different nations have formed their own unique color view in precipitated long-term history. The cultural connotations of color words differ greatly because of different cultural issues, traditions and cultural psychology. In Chinese cultures, the symbolic meanings of color words are related to the feudal past, feudal superstition, primitive sciences and education. So the symbolic meanings of color words have strong inclination of politicizing and mystifying. In Western culture the symbolic meanings of color words are affected by the Western nationality openness, science, education degree. The symbolic meanings are a few mysteries. Thesymbolic meanings of color words are very direct; especially the education plays an important role in the color culture. And the color words are deep-rooted in the social culture. Actually, every kind ofcolorwords has different culture feature in different nation. Every nation shows itsown culture and value in different way. In a word, it is very important for us to comprehend and grasp the symbolic meanings of color wordsin both English and Chinese.This article only illustrates a part of the different meaning of color red and yellow between Chinese and English. There are still more interesting things during compared these two languages, and if you want to enjoy it, you should pay more attention to their history and work hard. So. it is very essential for our English learner to study the words about color with considering of the different culture so that we can understand them well.BibliographyOxford Advanced Learner’s English-ChineseDictionary, Extended forth edition, The Commercial Press,Oxford University Press, 2002, 1.Zhang Dexin. Informal discussion of Chinese and foreign languages. The Publishing House of University of Henan. 1999刘继俊,《英汉颜色词文化内涵差异》当代语言学, Vol. 2 2006.1魏峰,《颜色在英汉语言中的差异》濮阳教育学院学报,Vol. 13 2000.6蒋栋元,《论颜色及颜色词的文化差异》,四川外语学院学报, Vol.2002骆峰,《汉语色彩词的文化审视》,上海辞书出版社Vol.2004课程论文评分标准1. 立论正确,结构清楚,格式规范,论述过程清晰,结论合理,语言通顺流畅,字数达到1500英文单词以上,有自己的见解,可得90-100分;2. 立论正确,结构清楚,格式规范,论述过程清晰,结论合理,语言通顺,虽有少量错误但不影响意义表达,字数达到1500英文单词以上,可得80-89分;3. 立论正确,结构清楚,格式规范,论述过程基本清楚,结论合理,语言较为通顺,有少量错误但基本不影响意义表达,字数达到1500英文单词以上,可得70-79分;4. 立论正确,结构基本清楚,格式基本规范,有一定论述过程,结论合理,语言基本通顺,有较多错误但不影响整体意义表达,字数达到1500英文单词以上,可得60-69分;5. 立论基本正确,大体结构清楚,但内部结构较不清,格式基本规范,有一定论述过程但逻辑不严密,结论基本合理,语言有较多错误但不影响整体意义表达,字数达到1500英文单词以上,可得50-59分;6. 立论基本正确,大体结构与内部结构均不清,格式不够规范,有一定论述过程但逻辑不严密,结论基本合理,语言有较多错误且影响整体意义表达,字数未达到1500英文单词以上,可得40-49分;7. 立论基本正确,大体结构与内部结构均不清,格式不够规范,有一定论述过程但逻辑不严密,结论基本合理,语言错误多且严重影响意义表达,字数未达到1500英文单词以上,可得30-39分;8. 立论不正确,结构混乱,格式凌乱,论述过程粗陋,逻辑不清,结论不合理,语言错误过多且严重影响意义表达,字数未达到1500英文单词以上,可得20-29分;9. 立论错误,结构与格式凌乱,无论述过程,逻辑混乱,结论不合理,语言错误过多,无法表达意义,字数未达到1500英文单词以上,可得10-19分;10. 立论完全错误,无结构与格式可言,无论述过程,无逻辑,无结论,语言错误过多,无法卒读,字数未达到1500英文单词以上,可得0-9分;11. 未撰写论文的不得分。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
Bibliography
[1] Baugh, A.C. & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language [M]. Peking:
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.
[2] Eckersley, C.E. Brighter English [M]. London: Longman, 1979.
[3] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Mac Millan Education, 1985.
[4] Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English [Z].
London: Oxford University, 1974.
[5] Knowles, G. A Cultural History of the English Language [M]. U.S.A.: A Hodder
Arnold Publication, 1997.
[6] Lott, B. A Course in English Language and Literature [M]. U.S.A.: Edward
Arnold, 1989.
[7] Lyons, J. Language and Linguistics [M]. London: Longman, 1981.
[8] Wales, K. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M]. London:
Cambridge University Press, 2006.
[9] Wu Weizen. History and Anthology of English Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign
Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.
[10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan. Modern English Lexicology [M]. Peking:
Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007.
[11]陈永烨.“英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异”[J]. 《辽宁工程技术大学学
报》,2005, (7).
[12]戴炜栋,何兆熊.《新编简明英语语言学教程》[A]. 上海:上海外语教育出版
社, 2002.
[13]杜冀华.“英汉思维方式对语言文字影响的探讨”[J]. 《唐山学院学报》,
2004, (1).
[14]邓炎昌,刘润清.《语言与文化》[M]. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1991.
[15]蒋栋元.“论颜色及颜色词的文化差异”[J].《四川外语学院学报》,2002,
(3).
[16] 林纪诚.《语言与文化综论》[C]. 上海:上海外语教育出版社,1999.
[17]唐振华.“英汉颜色词的翻译”[J]. 《中国科技翻译》,1997, (2).
[18] 杨永林.《中国学生汉语色彩语码认知模式研究》[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,
2002.。