意大利语 基础单词与日常用语复习课程
意大利语基础知识复习
I名词的性数关于名词的性、数以及和形容词、冠词的搭配1 名词的性分为两种：1) 有生命的词，比如：教授，老师，学生，狗，猫，狮子等等，这样的词既有词性也有性别；在大部分情况下，词性和性别是对应的，例如：Lupo 公狼lupa 母狼Gatto公猫gatta 母猫Cavallo 公马，cavalla 母马,professore 教授（男）professoressa 教授（女）marito 丈夫, moglie 妻子figlio 儿子figlia 女儿2) 无生命的词阳性：capo , capello , linguaggio , occhio , orecchio , sole , cappello , innamoramento , isolamento 等阴性：sedia , banca , terra , mela , pera , porta , uscita , mano , lingua , luna , missione ,carta regola 等2名词的性阳性名词的词尾有1 以o结尾的；大部分以o结尾的单数名词是阳性，例如Ragazzo , marito , muro , naso , occhio , capo , cavallo , lupo 等2 以e结尾的；有一些是阳性，例如Professore , attore , dottore , fiore , insegnante, signore等3 还有一些词，（不多），词尾是a 他们也是阳性,例如,Tema , sistema,problema等阴性名词的词尾有1) 以a 结尾的，大部分是阴性，例如：Ragazza , stanza , figlia , cavalla , lupa , amicizia 等2 )以e 结尾的，有一些是阴性，例如：Moglie , situazione , dichiarzione , chiave , attrice 等3)所有以à 结尾的单词都是阴性，所有以i 结尾的单数名词也都是阴性。
意大利语 基础单词与日常用语
vicinoa
在...附近
MarGlacialeArtico
北冰洋
lontanoda
距离…远
dentro
在...里
difrontea
在...对面
asinistradi
在...左
adestradi
在...右
aldifuoridi
fuori
在…外面
alfiancodi
在旁边
国家
大区
城市
UnioneEuropea
mancano15minutialle10
mancaunquartod’oraalle10
9:45
poi...
l'annoprossimo
pomeridiano
下午的
dopo...
serale
晚上的
时刻表
notturno
夜间的
piùtardi...
questalezionecominciaalle9efiniscealle17
日耳曼
Sardegna
撒丁岛
Cagliari
卡利亚里
Olanda
olandese
荷兰
gallo
高卢
Sicilia
西西里
Palermo
巴勒莫
Finlandia
finlandese
芬兰
visigoto
西哥特
Danimarca
danese
丹麦
vandalo
旺达尔
Calabria
卡拉普里亚
Catanzaro
fine-settimana
周末（m）
钟表
日期（data）
意大利语学习资料大全
意大利语学习资料大全第一篇：意大利语学习资料大全意大利语学习资料大全一、书籍篇（一）学习教材：1、《速成意大利语》，赵秀英着，外文出版社2000年出版，上下两册个人认为，这是国内自学意大利语最好的教程，讲解很详细，语法点全部讲到，对个别重点词讲解很到位，还有意汉对比。
在两本书的容量里做到这点很不容易了，强烈推荐短期自学者使用。
推荐的相应课程是万语网的视频学习意大利语课程2、《意大利语》，王军、王焕宝等编，外语教学与研究出版社1988年出版，共四册这是一般意大利语专业使用的教材。
此教材很老了，内容相对陈旧，很多范文都是中国人写的，所谓的中式意语；不过，它的内容相对很简单，而且很多是关于中国的，要学习如何表达中国的一些概念，看看它的表达方法还是很好的。
我把它当作泛读教材用。
3、《自学意大利语》，肖天佑编，商务印书馆1983年出版，全一册市面上已买不到了，从图书馆复印的。
还来不及怎么看，不过它有点好，他在词汇里对不规则的重音的单词在下面以点标注，这对自学者可是很有帮助，而且它的练习还有答案，课文有中文译文。
4、《意大利语初学手册》，黄美婷编，上海外语教育出版社2003年出版从英语翻译过来的，很不错，深入简出。
编排非常合理，很为读者着想，国内的教材什么时候能够做到这样啊。
采取讲故事的方式，很吸引人。
可作为初学者泛读教材。
5、《意大利语入门》，沈萼梅编，外语教学与研究出版社1986年出版适合学音乐专业的，讲多了很多音乐专业的术语的意语表达方式，对一般意语学习者不是很适合。
（二）词典：1、《意汉词典》，商务出版社1985年出版没有选择的“绿砖”，国内的意大利语词典，这本最大最好啦，词汇量很大，相信国内意大利语学习者绝对少不了它。
2、《现代意汉汉意词典》，外语教学与研究出版社2000年出版词汇量太小，而且查动词的变形时极不方便（不如绿砖后面有一个elenco可查页码）。
唯一的优势是小一点，好带一些，还有中意部分。
意大利语基本词汇教学文稿
意大利语基本词汇意大利语基本词汇（英-意）Basic(基本词汇)Hello -------Ciaoyes -------sino -------noGood morning---B uon giorno Good night -----Buona notte Goodbye -------Arrivederci Thank you ------Graziewhat -------che cosawhich -------chewhere -------dovewhen -------quandohow much/many--quanto who -------chiwhy -------perchèhow -------comePlease -------Pregoand -------eonly -------soltantoa little -------un pòalso -------anchetoo -------troppobut -------mamaybe -------forse something ------qualcosa someone -------qualcuno Excuse me ------Scusi Nouns(名词)book -------libropen -------pennatable -------tavoloman -------uomowoman -------donnachild -------bambinoboy -------ragazzogirl -------ragazza student -------studente car -------macchina language -------lingua tourist -------turistacity -------cittàmoney -------moneta store -------provista restaurant -----ristorante family -------famiglia mother -------madre father -------padresister -------sorella brother -------fratello water -------acquaday -------giornonight -------notteevening -------sera morning -------mattina afternoon ------pomeriggio breakfast ------colazione lunch -------colazione dinner -------pranzofood -------cibochair -------sediafriend -------amiconewspaper------giornalehusband -------maritowife -------moglieVerbs(动词)ask -------domandarespeak -------parlareknow -------conoscere (person/place), sapere (fact) see -------vederedo/make -------fareeat -------mangiaredrink -------bereunderstand-----capirewant -------volerestudy -------studiarelearn -------impararesit -------sedereneed -------avere bisogno digo -------andarelive -------abitare (inhabit), vivere (be alive)come -------venirebuy -------compraresell -------venderelook for -------cercarework -------lavorarevisit -------visitaresmoke -------fumarelike -------piacerelove -------amarepay -------pagarehear -------udirethink -------pensareAdjectives(形容词)beautiful--bellopretty-----bellinonice-------piacevolebig--------grandesmall------piccologood-------buonointeresting---interessantesick-------malatocold-------freddohot--------caldonew--------nuovoold--------vecchionear-------prossimofar--------lontanoAmerican---americanoEnglish----ingleseFrench-----franceseSpanish----spagnoloRussian----russoChinese----cinesePronouns(代词)I -------ioyou -------tu (informal singular), voi (informal plural), lei (singular formal), loro (plural formal)he -------luishe -------leiwe -------noithey -------loroI am -------io sonoyou are -------(tu) sei, (voi) siete, (lei) è, (loro) sonohe is -------lui èshe is -------lei èwe are -------siamothey are -------loro sono下面看一些正确句子，加深理解：Io ho un libro我有一本书Tu hai un libro.你有一本书Lui ha un libro.他有一本书.Noi abbiamo un libro我们有一本书Io ha una matita.我有一支铅笔Lei ha una matita她有一支铅笔Voi avete una matita你们有一支铅笔Loro hanno una matita。
意大利语基本单词与日常用语
一夜，一宵
linea del tempo
时间轴
è ora di ...
oggi è il primo ottobre 2012.
le ore piccole
凌晨，午夜以后
mesi e mesi
一连几个月
时间表达
顺序表达
il 18 gennaio,2010
biennio
两年
Che ora è？/Che ore sono?
odierno
今日的，现今的
è mezzanotte/zero
24:00
地 理
方位
大洲
nord
settentrione
settentrionale
北，北方（m）
北方的
in basso
在下端，在底部
Europa
europeo
欧洲
in fondo
在尽头，在底部
Asia
asiatico
亚洲
sud
meridione
nel febbraio del 1982
ventennio
二十年
sono le 9(in punto/precise)
9:00（整）
prima di ...
nel 1982
sono le 9 e un quarto
9:15
nel dicembre scorso
diurno
白天的
sono le 9 e 15
oggi
今天
era
时代，年代，纪元
lunedì
星期一
primavera
primaverile
春
春天的
domani
意大利语词汇学习：意大利语学习第一课
意大利语词汇学习：意大利语学习第一课意语学习内容由编辑整理。
Lesson 1This Week's New Words:ciao - hello, goodbye (familiar)salve - helloaddio - goodbyebene - wellegli - he (literary)lui - he (common speech), himella - she (literary)lei - she (common speech), heresso - it (masculine)essa - it (feminine)essi - they (persons or things)loro - them (persons or things), they (common speech, persons)grazie - thank youspiacente - I'm sorrynoi - us, we (plural)signore - sir, mister, mr.signora - madame, mrs.signorina - misstu - you (informal)voi - you (plural, formal and informal)io - INumbers 1-100 zero1 uno2 due3 tre4 quattro5 cinque6 sei7 sette8 otto9 nove10 dieciPronunciationThe Italian alphabet is fairly similar to our own (English, or depending on where you're from, American). The letters K,J,W,X,Y occur only in foreign origin words. Each lesson will explain a few more letters. This week, I'll explain the interesting letters (or combinations thereof) from this week's words (above).gliThe gli (followed or not by another vowel) in Italian is pronounced more or less as ll in SpanishHowever there are words like glicine (flower name), negligente, anglicano in which, for etymological reasons, g and l are pronounced as two separate sounds as in English.Thus, the Italian word coniglio (rabbit) is pronounced like conihlyo. and the word conigli (rabbits) is pronounced like conihli.gnThe gn is the same sound as Spanish ? i.e. is the same sound as the ny pair in the word canyon.Thus, signore is pronounced like sin-yore.hThe Italian h is always silent and as such an Italian speaker won't pronounce it when it occurs in foreign origin words (e.g.hotel). Moreover the letter h in Italian occurs only in the groups ch and gh (see below) and in the present tense of the verb to have. Thus, ho ( [I] have ) is pronounced o and hanno ( [they] have) is pronounced anno, the same as the word anno (year).a, e, i, o, uThe Italian vowels have only one sound, regardless of what letters they precede or follow, or accent marks on the vowel, with the (minor) exception of e and o.aThe a is always pronounced as in the English word car.eThe e has the sound of the e in bed. Actually there are two sounds of e :an OPEN one, indicated with the grave accent : è a CLOSED one, indicated with the acute accent : é Note however that such accents are NOT normally written (unless they are required for tonic reasons), and appear only in dictionaries. Moreover, dictionaries report an ideal Tuscan pronunciation which is subject to ample regional variations. For instance the words perché (why) and stélla (star) are usually pronounced in the North as perchè and stèlla. In general a mispronunciation at this level won't b e noticed, or if it is noticed (for instance méla (apple) is pronounced everywhere like that, and if you pronounce mèla it will sound funny) you will be understood. There are words in which a difference in accent causes a different meaning, as in pèsca (pe ach) and pésca (fishing), but in the North we pronounce both words as the first one and are understood everywhere.A note on accents : dictionaries indicate the tonic accent, i.e. put an accent on the vowel in the stressed syllable in the word (this is in the vast majority of cases the last but one, so calledplain or flat words). This accent is not used and not required in normal writing. In normal writing the accent is required ONLY if the word ENDS with an accented vowel (i.e. the last syllable is accent ed, so called truncated words), e.g. perché. In handwriting do not bother to use the acute or the grave accent, just put any little sign over the vowel. On typewriters with Italian keyboards there are accented keys. On computer keyboards we usually prefer to use ASCII keyboards without accented keys, and just use an apostrophe instead of the accent, e.g. perche' : it is simpler and more portable.iThe Italian i is the same as the English long e or ee as in see.oThe o is always pronounced as the o in the word cold or dog. Here too actually there are two sounds of o :an OPEN one, indicated with the grave accent : ò (similar to dog) a CLOSED one, indicated with the acute accent : ó (similar to cold) The same comments made above for the letter e hold.uThe Italian u has the sound of the English oo as in too or the English ue as in blue.rAs opposed to the English r, which is formed in the back of the mouth with the back of the tongue, the Italian r is formed using the tip of the tongue on the upper palate, behind the front teeth, more like the English d.________________________________________Being the first lesson, this week you're just learning some of the basics. The main emphasis is on pronouns (io, lei) and numbers (zero through dieci). Also, you're being introduced tosome of the most common greeting and short phrases, such as salve (hello) and spiacente (I'm sorry).Without knowing any verbs, there aren't many sentences to be made with the words we have, but here are some (short) examples with what we know:Salve, signorina. - Hello, miss.Spiacente, signore. - I'm sorry, sir.And yes, that's about all we can do right now, but these are still good examples of Italian grammatical structure. Notice how similar the above sentences are to English - salve comes first, and then the subject, signorina. You can form the same kinds of sentences using addio and grazie, and signora, in addition to the example sentences above. However, you can't make a sentence like this:Salve, lei.What the above sentence literally says is hello, you, and while it may be possible to think of times in English when you might say that, in Italian the sentence is meaningless, and people will look at you funny if you say Salve voi! in the middle of a group of Italian-speaking people. You could however say Salve a voi! (literally hello to you), although it sounds slightly unusual.Numbers. Numbers, as you should all know, are important. That's why I've included some in the first lesson. For the moment, you only know the numbers between 0 (zero) and 10 (dieci), but that will change. What can you do with the numbers zero through dieci? Count your toes! Uno, due, tre, quattro, cinque, sei, sette, otto, nove, dieci…… Recite your phone number! cinque, cinque cinque, otto, sei, zero, due (555-8602); note that however in Italian it is usual to pronounce phone numbers by group (i.e. as it were five-hundred-and-fifty-five eighty-six zero-two) but you'llwait for another lesson for that. Tell someone how many sisters you have (due). What you can't do with the numbers zero through dieci is make numbers bigger than dieci by stringing them together. Due zero is not the same as 20, although if you were in a pinch, you might be able to make someone understand that 20 was what you meant. Don't worry, we'll get to the rest of the numbers (1-1000) in the next few lessons.Pronouns. Pronouns (io, tu, Lei, egli, ella, noi, voi, essi, and loro) aren't anything that you can actually use yet, because I haven't given you any verbs. But as we progress, pronouns will be very important, so I'm introducing them now. The Italian pronouns are used almost always exactly the same way they are in English. In English, you would sayI went to the store.In Italian, you would just substitute io for I in the sentence above (we'll pretend that the rest of the sentence is really in Italian) and end up withIo went to the store.Trust me, how one uses these pronouns will make much more sense when we learn some verbs.。
②意大利语 课文+会话+词汇 +小朗读+附加常用问候单词和句子
课文TESTO
Programma per un fine settimana
周末计划
Da molti anni in Italia si lavora cinque giorni alla settimana.很多年来在意大利人们每星期工作五天。
Oggi è venerdì, 今天是星期五，
②课文+会话+词汇 +小朗读+附加常用问候单词和句子
句型MODELLI DI FRASE
PRIMO 一
—Sai che sono tornati i suoi gentitori? 你是否知道他们的父母？
Sì, lo so. 是的， 我知道这件事。
—Sai se lui aiuta Elisa studiare musica? 你是否知道他帮诶丽萨学音乐?
Ti porterò anche una sorpresa!我还会带给你一个惊喜！
F: Che sorpreso sarà?会是什么惊喜呢
P: Non posso dirti per ora.我现在不可以说。
Lo saprai solo quando sarò arrivato a casa tua.我到了你家时你才会知道。
potremo andare con la sua macchina che molto veloce e comoda,我们就可以开他那辆很快很舒适的车去，
altrimenti dovrò andare con la mia vecchia "Cinquecento" .要不然我就要开我的老5百去。
Se incontrerò alcuni amici ci potrò fare tardi,如果碰到一些朋友我可以待到很晚，
意大利语词汇和常用句
体育运动最好的海滩在哪里？Dove sono le spiagge più belle？游泳池在哪里？Dov'è la piscina？游泳池在室内吗？La piscina è coperta？室外？scoperta？我们去体育场吧！Andiamo allo stadio！我想去看足球赛。
Vorrei vedere una partita di calcio.看电影我们去看电影吧！Andiamo al cinema！演什么？Che cosa danno？是意大利语还是英语的？è in italiano o in inglese？是哪一种电影？Che genere di film è？我想看喜剧。
Mi piacerebbe vedere un film comico.话剧。
un film drammatico.惊险剧。
un giallo.在剧场我想订个交响乐演出的位子Vorrei un posto in platea.楼厅包厢的座位。
un posto in prima galleria.我想看巴蕾舞。
Vorrei vedere un balletto.歌剧。
un'opera.音乐喜剧。
una commedia musicale.1.您好!Buongiorno!2.晚上好!Buona sera!3.晚安!Buona notte!4.再见Ciao!5.有一阵子没有见到您了!E’ un po che non La vedo!6.您好吗?Come（）stai?7.很好,谢谢!Bene,grazie!8.不错,您呢?Non c’e’ male,e lei? 9.不好.Male.10.马马乎乎Cosi cosi.是的/不是. sì/no 请/劳驾. Per favore./ Per piacere./Per cortesia.谢谢! Grazie! 不客气! Prego! 好!我同意! Bene!D'accordo!对不起! Scusi! 没关系! Non importa! 祝你健康! Salute!来人呀!/救命! Aiuto! 您能帮我一下吗? Può aiutarmi?注意! KatusciaKatuscia: Buongiorno 早上好。
意大利语1500多个常用词汇讲解学习
意大利语1500多个常用词汇意大利语1500多个常用词汇如果的文本左边没有显示目录Aa buon mercato 便宜的a meno che 除非abbigliamento s.m. 服装abbracciare v.tr. 拥抱abitante s.m./s.f. 居民abito s.m. 服装，衣服abituarsi v.rifl. 习惯abitudine s.f. 习惯accademico agg. 学术的accadere v.intr. 发生accelerare v.tr. 加速accendere v.tr. 点着；开acceso agg. 开着的, 点燃的accesso s.m. 通道accettabile agg. 可接受的accettazione s.f. 接受accorgersi v.rifl. 发现，发觉accorgersi v.rifl. 发觉accumulare v.tr. 积累，储蓄acqua dolce 淡水acqua potabile 可饮水adattare v.tr. 适应adatto agg. 合适的, 适宜的addormentarsi v.rifl. 入睡adorare v.tr. 爱慕adottare v.tr. 采用，采纳aeroposta s.f. 航空邮件affare s.m. 事物，事情affascinante agg. 迷人的affermare v.tr. 肯定，确认affermazione s.f. 肯定，确认afferrare v.tr. 抓住affettuoso agg. 清切的，热情的affidare v.tr. 信任affittare v.tr. 出租affitto s.m. 租赁; 租金affresco agg. 壁画affrontare v.tr. 面对agente s.m. 经销商，代理人aggiungere v.tr. 添加；补充说agire v.intr. 起作用，生效agitato agg. 激动的ago s.m. 针agricolo agg. 农业的agricoltura s.f. 农业aiuto s.m. 帮助alba s.f. 黎明, 晨曦alcolico agg. （含）酒精的all’improvviso 突然allargare v.tr. 加大，加宽allarme s.m. 警报（器）allegro agg. 快活的allenatore s.m. 教练allevare v.tr. 抚养，饲养；种植alloggio s.m. 住宿almeno avv. 至少altezza s.f. 高度altrove avv. 在别处amante s.m./s.f. 情人amaro agg. 苦的ambasciatore s.m. 大使ambiente s.m. 环境ambulanza s.f. 救护车amichevole agg. 友好的，友谊的ammalarsi v.rifl. 生病ammazzare v.tr. 杀掉amministrazione s.f. 管理ammirare v.tr. 欣赏；钦佩ampio agg. 宽阔的，广阔的andare a piedi 步行angelo s.m. 天使anima s.f. 灵魂animale s.m. 动物anniversario s.m. 周年纪念日annoiarsi v.rifl. 厌烦, 苦恼annuale agg. 每年的ansia s.f. 焦虑antipasto s.m. 冷盘，拼盘anzi cong. 相反anzi tutto 首先anziano s.m. 老年人apertivo s.m. 开胃酒apparenza s.f. 外表apparire v.intr. 出现appartamento s.m. 套房appassionato agg. 热爱的apposta avv. 故意地approvare v.tr. 同意appunto s.m. 笔记arancia s.f. 橙子area s.f. 区域argento s.m. 银argomento s.m. 话题armadio s.m. 衣柜aroma s.f. 芬香arrosto s.m. 烤肉articolo s.m. 文章artista s.m./s.f. 艺术家artistico agg. 艺术的ascensore s.m. 电梯assaggiare v.tr. 品尝assegno s.m. 支票assicurare v.tr. 保证assolutamente avv. 绝对地assoluto agg. 绝对的assurdo agg. 荒诞的atmosfera s.f. 气氛attacco s.m. 攻击；（疾病）发作attesa s.f. 期待，等待attirare v.tr. 吸引attività s.f. 活动attraversare v.tr. 通过attraverso avv./prep. 通过attrice s.f. 女演员attuale agg. 当前的attualmente avv. 目前australiano agg./s.f. 澳大利亚的; 澳大利亚人auto s.f. 汽车autore s.m. 作者，作家autunnale agg. 秋季的avanti avv. 向前avaro agg. 吝啬的avvandonare v.tr. 抛弃，遗弃avvertire v.tr. 通知avvocato s.m. 律师azienda s.f. 公司, 企业azzurro agg. 海蓝色的Bbacio s.m. 吻bagaglio s.m. 行李bagaglio a mano 手提行李精品文档bagnato agg. 浸湿的ballare v.intr. 跳舞ballo s.m. 跳舞，舞会balzare v.intr. 跳起，弹起banana s.f. 香蕉banchetto s.m. 宴会banco s.m. 课桌, 书桌barca s.f. 小船barca a vela 帆船base s.f. 基地；基础basilica s.f. 大教堂benché cong. 虽然benzina s.f. 汽油bere v.tr. 喝bicchiere s.m. 杯子biglietto da visita 名片bimba s.f. 小女孩, 女幼童bimbo s.m. 小男孩binario s.m. 月台bisognare v.intr. 需要，必须bisogno s.m. 需要bloccare v.tr. 封锁, 堵塞bollente agg. 沸腾的borsa s.f. 书包; 奖学金bosco s.m. 树林bottone s.m. 纽扣braccio s.m. 胳膊breve agg. (时间) 短的bruno agg. 褐色的bugia s.f. 谎言buio aggg. 光线暗的Buongiorno 你好bussare v.intr. 敲, 击busta s.f. 信封Ccaccia s.f. 狩猎cadere v.intr. 掉下calcolare v.tr. 计算calendario s.m. 日历calma s.f. 平静calmo agg. 平静的calza s.f. 袜子cambiamento s.m. 变化cambiare v.tr. 更换camera doppia 双人房camera singola 单人房精品文档cameriere s.m. 服务员campanello s.m. 门铃campione s.f. 样品；冠军canale s.m. 渠; (电视) 频道cancellare v.tr. 删除，取消cancello s.m. 栏杆门cancro s.m. 癌candela s.f. 蜡烛cane s.m. 狗canzone s.f. 歌曲capace agg. 有能力的capo s.m. 头, 头部Capodanno s.m. 元旦capolavoro s.m. 杰作cappella s.f. 小礼拜堂cappuccino s.m. 卡布奇诺carattere s.m. 字；性格caratteristica s.f. 特点carino agg. 可爱的carne s.f. 肉Carnevale s.m. 狂欢节carota s.f. 胡萝卜carta s.f. 纸片，证件carta d’identità身份证casalinga s.f. 家庭妇女caso s.m. 情况cassa s.f. 付款处casuale agg. 偶然的cattivo agg. 坏的causa s.f. 事业; 原因celebrare v.tr. 庆祝celebrazione s.f. 庆祝celebre agg. 驰名的celeste agg. 天蓝色的centinaio s.m. 百centrale agg. 中心的certificato s.m. 证明cessare v.intr. 停止，中止chiacchierare v.intr. 聊天chilo s.m. 公斤chilometro s.m. 公里cima s.f. 山顶cincin inter. 干杯cintura s.f. 皮带cintura di sicurezza 保险带cioccolatino s.m. 巧克力块精品文档cioè cong. 也就是circondare v.tr. 围绕circostante agg. 周围的cittadino agg./s.m. 城市的；公民civiltà s.f. 文明cliente s.m./s.f. 顾客clinica s.f. 诊所cognac s.m. 白兰地酒collegare v.tr. 连接collo s.m. 脖子colpa s.f. 过错colpire v.tr. 打击coltello s.m. 刀子commentare v.tr. 评论commesso s.m. 店员commosso agg. 感动的compenso s.m. 弥补；报酬completamente avv. 完全地，全面地complicato agg. 复杂的comunale agg. 城市的, 市府的comunicare v.tr./v.intr. 通知；交流comunicazione s.f. 交流，联系concerto s.m. 音乐会concludere v.tr. 结束；得出...结论condizione s.f. 条件confermare v.tr. 证实; 确定confessare v.tr. 承认，坦白confronto s.m. 对照, 比较consegnare v.tr. 交, 发conseguenza s.f. 后果consenso s.m. 同意conservare v.tr. 保留，保存considerare v.tr. 看待considerazione s.f. 考虑, 看重consolare v.tr. 安慰console s.m. 领事consultare v.tr. 问讯, 查阅consumare v.tr. 消耗, 消费contatto s.m. 接触continuamente avv. 不断地continuare v.tr./v.intr. 继续contributo s.m. 贡献contro prep. 反对，违反controllare v.tr. 控制controllo s.m. 控制, 检查conveniente agg. 便利的精品文档convincere v.tr. 说服convinto agg. 信服的copia s.f. 副本, 抄本copiare v.tr. 抄写coprire v.tr. 覆盖coraggio s.m. 勇气corda s.f. 绳子cordiale agg. 热烈的corpo s.m. 身体correre v.intr. 跑corretto agg. 正确的corsa s.f. 奔跑costa s.f. 海岸costare v.intr. 价格为costituire v.tr. 建立, 够成costoso agg. 昂贵的costringere v.tr. 强迫costume da bagno 泳衣cotone s.m. 棉，棉花cotto agg. 熟的creare v.tr. 创造creativo agg. 创造性的credere v.tr./v.intr. 相信credito s.m. 信用，贷款crescere v.intr. 成长crisi s.f. 危机critica s.f. 批评criticare v.tr. 批评cronaca s.f. 专题新闻cultura s.f. 文化culturale agg. 文化的cura s.f. 关心, 关照，治疗curare v.tr. 关心，照顾curiosità s.f. 好奇心curioso agg. 好奇的curriculum vitae 履历表curva s.f. 弯, 转弯Dd’intorno 在周围danno s.m. 损坏，损失dappertutto avv. 到处davanti prep./avv. 在前面davanti a 在...的前面davanzale s.m. 窗台debito s.m. 债务debole agg. 虚弱的精品文档decente agg. 体面的decisione s.f. 决定decisivo agg. 决定性的deciso agg. 坚决的decorare v.tr. 装饰dedicare v.tr. 投入delizioso agg. 美味的deludere v.tr. 使失望deluso agg. 失望的denaro s.m. 钱dentista s.m./s.f. 牙医dentro avv./prep. 在里边descrivere v.tr. 描写，描述desiderio s.m. 愿望，想法destino s.m. 命运determinare v.tr. 决定dettaglio s.m. 细节dialetto s.m. 方言diamante s.m. 钻石dietro avv./prep. 在后边difendere v.tr. 捍卫difetto s.m. 缺点differente agg. 不同的differenza s.f. 区别digerire v.tr. 消化dimagrire v.intr. 变瘦dimensione s.f. 规模diminuire v.tr./v.intr. 减少Dio s.m. 上帝Dio buono! 老天爷！dipendente agg. 依靠的dipendere v.intr. 取决于dipingere v.tr. 画dipinto s.m. 画diploma s.m. 文凭diretto agg. 直接的disastro s.m. 不幸disco s.m. 唱片discorso s.m. 话题，报告discussione s.f. 讨论discutere v.tr. 讨论disgrazia s.f. 不幸disoccupato agg./s.m. 失业的；失业者disordine s.m. 杂乱无章，骚乱distante agg. 远离的，疏远的distanza s.f. 距离精品文档distrarre v.tr. 使分心distruggere v.tr. 破坏dito s.m. 手指diverso agg. 不同的dividere v.tr. 分开，隔开divisione s.f. 除法；分开diviso agg. 分开的divorziare v.intr. 离婚doccia s.f. 淋浴；淋浴间dodici num.ord. 十二dollaro s.m. 美元doloroso agg. 痛苦的，令人伤心的domattina avv. 明天早上domestico agg. 家里的；国内的doppio agg. 双倍的dubbio s.m. 疑问duemila num.card. 二千duro agg. 坚硬的Eeccellente agg. 优秀的，卓越的eccetera avv. 等等economia s.f. 经济economico agg. 经济的educazione s.f. 教育effetto s.m. 效果efficace agg. 有效的，灵验的eleganza s.f. 高雅eleggere v.tr. 选举elemento s.m. 要素，成分elevato agg. 升高的elezione s.f. 选举e-mail （英）电子信件emergenza s.f. 紧急状态emigrazione s.f. 移民energia s.f. 能源enorme agg. 庞大的entrambi agg.num./pron. 双方的，双方entrata s.f. 进入；入口entro prep. 在...之内epoca s.f. 时代eppure cong. 虽然，然而equilibrio s.m. 平衡erba s.f. 草errore s.m. 错误esagerare v.tr. 夸大esatto agg. 确切的精品文档esclusione s.f. 排除escluso agg. 已除外的esercitare v.tr. 训练esercizio s.m. 练习esistenza s.f. 存在esistere v.intr. 存在esitante agg. 犹豫的esitazione s.f. 犹豫esperienza s.f. 经验；经历esperto agg./s.m. 内行的；专家esportare v.tr. 出口esposizione s.f. 展览espressione s.f. 表示，表达方式esprimere v.tr. 表达，表示essenziale agg. 基本的，必要的est s.m. 东estero agg./s.m. 外国的；外国estivo agg. 夏季的estremamente avv. 极端地eterno agg. 永久的europeo agg./s.m. 欧洲的；欧洲人evento s.m. 事件evidente agg. 明显的evitare v.tr. 避免Ffaccenda s.f. 事情facchino s.m. 搬运工faccia s.f. 脸facilità s.f. 容易fallire v.intr. 失败falso agg. 假的fama s.f. 名胜fantasia s.f. 现象力fare finta di 假装fare in tempo 来得及fare la coda 排队farina s.f. 面粉farmacia s.f. 药店fatica s.f. 劳累faticoso agg. 劳累的fatto s.m. 事情，事宜fattore s.m. 因素favore s.m. 照顾，帮助favorire v.tr. 对...有利fede s.f. 忠诚；结婚戒指felicità s.f. 幸福精品文档fenomeno s.m. 现象ferita s.f. 伤口ferro s.m. 铁ferroviaria s.f. 铁路festeggiare v.tr. 庆祝fiato s.m. 喘气fidanzata s.f. 未婚妻fiducia s.f. 信心figura s.f. 轮廓；形象fila s.f. 队filo s.m. 线finalmente abb. 终于finalmente avv. 终于finché cong. 直到...时finora avv. 至今fiorire v。
初识意大利语——最简单的意大利语入门知识教学提纲
初识意大利语——最简单的意大利语入门知识初识意大利语——最简单的意大利语入门知识问候语1）意大利人熟人之间见面，一般用"ciao",类似于英语中的"hi"。
[读作.chao.]再见很简单，就是连读两遍"ciao"。
2）正式的场合见面：白天--buongiorno(buon-好，giorno-早上）[拼音代替-bong-zhao-le-nao]，晚上--buona sera(sera-晚上）[bong-na-sea-lla] (意大利语中的“r”须颤音，暂用"ll"表示）再见是用“arrivederci”，相当于英文中的"farewell"。
[a-lli-wi-dai-lle-chei]字母读音a b c d e f g h i l m n o p q r s t u v z读音大部分按照拼音即可。
但有几个例外：c g h q r s&z1)c,gci读作“七”；ce,cia,cio,ciu,读作“拆，差，潮，处”gi读作“极”；ge,gia,gio,giu,读作“债，炸，照，主”chi,che,ca,co,cu读作“ki,开，卡，靠，库”ghi,ghe,ga,go.gu读作“给，该，呷，高，故”。
2)h 在拉丁语中，h是不发音的。
如:Ha读作“啊”3)q q永远都与u连在一起，读作“苦”4)r r对咱最难了，要求舌尖颤两下，连发俩“了”。
本人目前还为攻破这一技术难关。
希望大家能青出于蓝而胜于蓝……（愧疚ing)5)s&zsc--<1>[sh-]:sci sce;<2>[sk]:sca sco scu。
sg--<1>[zh-]:shi sge;<2>[sg]:sga sgo sgu。
（z同理读作“子，此”）除此之外还有gli（只能面授）；gn读作"nia"；等人称意大利语的变形是很复杂的，不仅有主谓的变形，更有宾语的变形（系表结构中的系，表也都要变形）。
意大利语词汇学习：意大利语学习第二课
意大利语词汇学习：意大利语学习第二课本文由意大利店铺(yidali.)意大利语编辑组收集\整理\编辑，供店铺的学生学习之目的。
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Lesson 2 - La Casa (the house)This week's new words:NOUNSla casa - housela cucina - kitchenla stanza - roomil bagno - bathroomla tavola - table, boardil tavolo - table, deskla parete - wallil muro - wallla porta - doorla sedia - chairil telefono - telephonela televisione - televisionla finestra - windowVERBSstare - to stay (seldom, to be)essere - to bePREPOSITIONSdi - of (belonging to, sometimes equiv. to English from)da - fromin - in (something)ADJECTIVESantipatico(-a) - unpleasantcarino(-a) - prettybuono(-a) - good/wellcomodo(-a) - comfortablecontento(-a) - happy/gladmalato(-a) - sick, illbrutto(-a) - uglygrande - bigpulito(-a) - cleancattivo(-a) - badnervoso(-a) - nervoussimpatico(-a) - sympathetic (person, situation) sporco(-a) - dirtytranquillo(-a) - calm, quietvecchio(-a) - oldNumbers 11-9911 undici12 dodici13 tredici14 quattordici15 quindici16 sedici17 diciassette18 diciotto19 diciannove20 venti21 ventuno22 ventidue23 ventitre24 ventiquattro25 venticinque26 ventisei27 ventisette28 ventotto29 ventinove30 trenta40 quaranta50 cinquanta60 sessanta70 settanta80 ottanta90 novantaColorsbianco(-a) - whitegiallo(-a) - yellowarancione - orangerosa - pinkrosso(-a) - redazzurro(-a) - blueverde - greenmarrone - browngrigio(-a) - greynero(-a) - blackPronunciationMost of the Italian alphabet is exactly like the English alphabet. Here are some exceptions from words in this lesson.c, ci, chThe Italian c has 2 possible sounds. It can sound like the ch in chip, or like the k in kite. Unlike English, there are very strict rules about when the Italian c sounds like a ch or a k. If the c precedes (comes before) an e or an i, the c will have a ch sound. For example, undici. If the group ci precedes an a, o or u, it is alsopronounced as ch AND the i is mute : ciao sounds as English chao. If the c precedes any other letter (a, o, u, or a consonant, although the latter is very rare), then it will have a k sound, as in comodo. If the group ch precedes an i, or an e, it is pronounced as k : chi sounds as English kee. The word cucina has both types of c in it - the first c makes the k sound, and the second c makes the ch sound.g, gi, ghThe Italian g has 2 possible sounds. It can sound like the g in got, or like the j or dg in judge. The rules are similar to the ones described above for c. Thus getto is pronounced as English jet-toh, and gioia as English joy-ah. While gotto and ghetto are pronounced as English got-toh and get-toh.j yIn Italian j and y are not used, and when they occur (in foreign or arcaic words), they are pronounced as an Italian i.wIn Italian w is not used, and when it occurs (in foreign words), a native Italian would pronounce it as a v.rr and all other double consonants.All times a double consonant is written, it is actually pronounced twice. It takes practice to do it well.vSounds exactly like in English.sThe Italian s may have two pronounciations. One of them is like English z or s : rosa is pronounced similarly to English rose with a terminal ah. The other one is like English s e.g. in set : sette is pronounced like set-teh. There are no definite rules on two pronounciations (although some dictionaries report the correctone), and there are regional variations in the pronounciation of the same word. In general you will be understood, even if your pronounciation may sound strange. As a rule of thumb, s followed by vowel in the second or further syllable of a word, has the z sound (e.g. rosa, casa), while s followed by vowel or consonant (usually t or p) at the beginning of a word is an s sound : sette, stare.zThe Italian z is pronounced much harder than an English, like sound ts, or tz, like in word tzar. There are actually two variant of the z sound in Italian, which are marked in dictionaries, but are subject to regional variations and make little difference for the everyday speaker.Two (not so) confusing verbs - essere and stareIf you have already read the New Words section, you probably noticed that the two verbs introduced this week sometimes may mean both to be. In fact however essere is the proper verb corresponding to to be. Stare means to stay, and is used where an English speaker would expect to use to be only in two cases. Confusing the two verbs is proper of popular speech in Southern Italy but feels somewhat uncouth.Verb ConjugationAs in English, verbs are conjugated, or take various forms, in Italian. In the present tense, there are 6 verb forms (persons), depending on who the subject of the verb is. Here are the conjugations for essere and stare:essere - to beio sono (I am)tu sei (you are)Lei /egli (lui) /ella (lei) /esso(-a) è (you (formal)/he/she/it is)noi siamo (we are)voi siete (you (plural) are)Loro/essi(-e)/loro sono (you (old formal plural)/they (things and persons)/they (persons) are)stare - to stayio sto (I stay)tu stai (you stay)Lei /egli (lui) /ella (lei) /esso(-a) sta (you (formal)/he/she/it stays)noi stiamo (we stay)voi state (you (plural) stay)Loro/essi(-e)/loro stanno (you (old formal plural)/they (things and persons)/they (persons) stay)Note that the conjugations for Lei (you), egli (he), ella/lei (she) and esso(-a) (it) use the same form of the verb. The same goes for their plurals (though the singular and the plural use different forms).* - You will note there are formal and familiar forms for the second person, unlike English where forms like thou are in disuse. It is important to use the proper one otherwise you'll look uneducated. In the singular form you use tu when addressing to a relative, a friend, a colleague or a child.It is felt uneducated and unkind to use tu when addressing a person you do not know. In such cases the form now preferred in modern Italian is Lei (literally, she, and verbs are conjugated like in the third person singular). I'll write this Lei with a capital L to make it clear. This is not necessary, although it is used e.g. in commercial letters. Note that the feminine form is used also when addressing to men : this is because she is your Lordship and the word Lordship in Italian is of feminine gender. In thepopular speech in Northern Italy this is felt strange, and sometimes you'll hear Lui (literally, he) as a courtesy form for you when addressing a man. This usage is not recommended.Another courtesy form used to address a person instead of tu is Voi (literally, you, i.e. the plural form, like in English, and using the same conjugation of the plural form). This form is felt somewhat archaic (it might be used in the South or in the countryside, and was favoured by the Fascist regime).In the plural, nowadays use goes for voi both as a familiar and as a formal form. You would sound unusually formal, if you'd use Loro (literally, they) when addressing more than one persons. However sometimes it is used.I will include with all verb conjugations all the 6 main forms.A further note regarding the third person. Egli and ella, for he and she, are literary forms, which in spoken Italian are usually replaced by lui and lei (literally him and her). These are the masculine and feminine forms for persons. Esso and essa are the forms for it, and have a masculine and feminine form according to grammatical gender of the noun of the thing to which they refer. In the plural, essi and esse are respectively the masculine and feminine form for they for persons and things. However nowadays spoken Italian prefers loro (literally, them) for persons.Now that you have this pretty little conjugation, what does one do with it? Make sentences, of course. The conjugation of a verb tells you which form of the verb to use depending on who is the subject of the verb. In English we conjugate without thinking about it - I am, you are, he is, etc. You don't (normally) say I are or you is, because it's gramatically incorrect. Likewise in Italian, you don't say io sei, because it's just plain wrong. Here are some examples of using essere and stare:Io sono vecchio. (I am old.)Tu sei carina. (You are pretty.)Noi siamo nervosi. (We are nervous.)Lei sta sulla sedia. (She is on the chair.) Note thatLei e' seduta. (literally She is seated) is the form for She is in the chair.Essi sono sporchi. (They (the males) are dirty.)Now it's time to explain the differences between essere and stare, before we go any further. Essere means to be or to exist, while stare usually means to stay but can be used where English idiomatics use to be. The rules are summarized here: essere is used to indicate more permanent aspects of people or things, such as -1.Identity - Io sono Carla. (I am Carla)2.3.Profession - Egli è un professore. (He is a professor.)4.5.Origin - Noi siamo di Milano. (We are from Milan.)6.7.Religious or political affiliation - Tu sei cattolico? (You are Catholic?)8.9.Time of day or date - Sono le otto. (It is 8 o'clock.) 10. 11.Possession - La casa è di Giovanna. (It is Giovanna's house.) 12. 13.Nationality - Sono Italiano. (I am from Italy.) 14. 15.Physical aspects or characteristics of something - Le sedie sono verdi. (The chairs are green.) 16.17.Essential qualities of something or someone - Sono vecchio. Sei antipatico. (I am old. You are unpleasant.) 18. 19.Location - La sedia è in cucina. (The chair is in the kitchen.) 20. 21.but also, more rarely - La sedia sta in cucina. (The chair is in the kitchen.)22. 23.Condition or emotion that is subject to change - Sono malato. (I am sick.) 24. 25.Personal observations or reactions, how something seems or feels - La cucina è pulita. (The kitchen is (seems) clean.) 26. stare is used to indicate precise locations, in idioms and as auxiliary, such as -1.Idiomatic sentences - Sto bene.(I am well.)2.3.Idiomatic sentences - Sto male.(I feel bad.)4.5.Location - La sedia sta in cucina. (The chair is in the kitchen.)6.7.Continuous tense - Sto correndo.(I am running.)8. Notes: Notice that the verb form used for things like la sedia is the egli/ella/esso(-a) form. A chair is an it (below, you'll see that it's actually a she), which uses the egli/ella/esso(-a) form of the verb. Also notice that you can make sentences like Sono Italiano, without including the pronoun. To English speakers this may seem like saying Am from Italy, which we would never do, but in Italian, because the subject can be figured out by the form of the verb used (since the sentence used sono, the subject must be io, or I), there is no confusion about who the subject of the sentence is and the pronoun can be left out. If it would be unclear what the subject of the sentence is, then the pronoun has to be included.The above lists of when to use essere and stare have to be memorized - using them incorrectly means you will be less likely to be understood, and people will definitely know you are not a native speaker. The same goes for the conjugations of essere and stare. Every Italian verb has a conjugation, and memorizing them just goes along with learning the language.Il, lo, la, un, uno and una (definite and indefinite articles)In Italian, as well as all the other Romance languages (French, Spanish, etc), all nouns have a gender associated with them. Chair is feminine, telephone is masculine. The way to tell whether a noun is masculine or feminine is to look at the il/lo or la that precedes the noun in the New Words section of these lessons. Il is the definite article that corresponds to masculine nouns - il professore, il telefono. La is the definite article that corresponds to feminine nouns - la casa, la tavola, la finestra. Whether a nounis considered feminine or masculine is generally based on the last letter of the noun. If the noun ends with an a, as in sedia or cucina, then it is most probably a feminine noun. If it ends with an o, such as muro or orologio (wristwatch), then it is always a masculine noun. Exceptions do exist to this rule - poeta (poet) is masculine - but the majority of Italian nouns behave normally. Nouns ending with an e, can be masculine or feminine, usually according to the meaning (like padre (father) and madre (mother) - but e.g. parete is feminine). The exceptions just have to be memorized as you come across them.When using nouns, you must make sure that you use the correct gender and number when using an identifier. The identifiers are il, lo, la, i, gli, le, un, uno and una. Il, lo and la are singular definite articles, which means you are talking about a specific thing. La sedia means the chair - you are talking about a specific chair. Un, uno and una are singular indefinite articles, which means you are taking about any member of a group of things. Una sedia means a chair - you are talking about any chair in general. The use of these identifiers is identical to the way you would say it in English - if you want to say a table, use una, and if you want to say the table, use la. i and gli are the plural of il and lo, and le is the plural of la. You use these plural definite articles when you are talking about several specific members of a group - i tavoli means the tables. There are no plural forms of uno and una, and to translate some when used in sentences, one must use indeterminate pronouns - dei tavoli means some tables. Note however that for uncountables nouns, where English uses no article (Wine is red), Italian will use an article (Il vino e' rosso).You may wonder why there are two forms for the masculine articles (il and lo, and their plurals i and gli, as well as un and uno).The first form is used when a noun begins with a consonant (il telefono), the second form is used when a noun begins with a vowel (un Italiano), or with s followed by a consonant, or with z, gn, ps or x. As a further complication, if a (masculine or feminine) noun begins with a vowel, the articles lo and la) are not written in full form (Lo Italiano, the Italian man, or Italian language) unless a new line starts across the two words, but in abbreviated form (L'Italiano) separated by an apostrophe. The apostrophe means something has been elided (left out). Even trickier (but this is how one recognizes who knows Italian !), with indefinite articles, the apostrophe is needed only for the feminine form (since for the masculine one REPLACES uno with un which is a valid existing form, thus : un Italiano (an Italian man) but un'Italiana (an Italian woman).Here are some examples using these articles:Le stanze sono grandi. (The rooms are big.)Delle sedie sono in cucina. (Some chairs are in the kitchen.) Il telefono è verde. (The telephone is green.)La parete è brutta. (The wall is ugly.)Di, da and inDi is Italian for of (or from, in the way sometimes used in English). La casa di Teresa means Teresa's house (literally, the house of Teresa). Sono di Milano means I am from Milan. Di is used most often to show posession or origin, as per the preceding examples. When di is followed by an il, as in la casa di il professore, the di and il are combined into del. So the only and correct way to say The (male) professor's house would be la casa del professore.Da is Italian for from, in all cases this indicates a motion. Since we haven't seen any verbs of motion, we can't makeexamples yet.In is Italian for …… in, as in inside something (not necessarily inside a physical object). It can be used to mean that something is inside something else, as in la sedia sta in cucina (the chair is in the kitchen), or that someone is somewhere, Marco è in Italia (Mark is in Italy).AdjectivesAgreementAdjectives are words that describe things, words like red, fast, and pretty. In English, there isn't much to using adjectives because they never change - the fast car or the cars are fast. In Italian, the adjective has to agree, in both gender and number, with whatever it is describing. If the adjective modifies a feminine noun, then the adjective uses a feminine ending. If the adjective modifies a masculine plural noun, then the adjective uses a masculine plural ending. Here are some adjectives with their various endings:carino - prettysingular masculine - carinosingular feminine - carinaplural masculine - cariniplural feminine - carinecomodo - comfortablesingular masculine - comodosingular feminine - comodaplural masculine - comodiplural feminine - comodebrutto - uglysingular masculine - bruttosingular feminine - bruttaplural masculine - bruttiplural feminine - bruttesporco - dirtysingular masculine - sporcosingular feminine - sporcaplural masculine - sporchiplural feminine - sporchebianco - whitesingular masculine - biancosingular feminine - biancaplural masculine - bianchiplural feminine - bianchenero - blacksingular masculine - nerosingular feminine - neraplural masculine - neriplural feminine - nereThe above rules are good for any adjective that ends in an -o or -a. Adjectives like grande and verde, that end in -e, do not have separate masculine and feminine forms and make plural in -i. So, you would say la stanza e' grande (the room is big), and il muro e' grande (the wall is big), as well as le sedie sono grandi (the chairs are big). There are exceptions to this rule, but that will be addressed in another lesson.Placement of adjectivesIn Italian, adjectives generally (poetry is different !) go after the noun they are describing. For example, il telefono rosso (the red telephone), and le professoresse vecchie (the old (female) professors). If you want to say that something is something, then the sentence structure is the same as in English, using the correctforms of essere: il telefono è rosso (the telephone is red); le professoresse sono vecchie (the (female) professors are old).Numbers 11-99The numbers 11-16, like the numbers 1-10 in Lesson 1, have slightly irregular forms - however they follow some patterns, much like they do in English. 17-19 follow another pattern. Eleven is undici, which is actually a contraction (shortening) of uno e dieci, or 1 and 10. Seventeen is Diciassette, or 10 and 7, and so on. Much like the teens in English - fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, etc.Twenty in Italian is venti. Twenty-one is ventuno (a contraction of venti e uno or twenty and one), 22 is ventidue (twenty and two), and so on. Thirty is trenta, 31 is trentuno, 38 is trentotto (thirty and 8). This pattern holds for all of the numbers 11 through 99 - first learn the base (such as venti (twenty), quaranta (forty), or ottanta (eighty)), then to make numbers in-between the bases, add the word for the second number onto the end (ventidue (twenty-two), quarantacinque (forty-five), ottantanove (eighty-nine)). If two vowels meet, the first one is dropped like in vent(i)uno (twenty-one). Isn't that easy?ExamplesHere are some examples of sentences you can now make, using the words and grammar from these 2 lessons:Sono di MilanoTino è in cucina.La signorina è carina.Tu sei antipatico.La sedia è comoda.Milano è in Italia.Il professore vecchio è malato.Il telefono verde è sporco.Il bagno è in casa.La casa di Maria è arancione. (what a funny colour ?) Here are the translations for these sentences.。
初级意大利语教学基础词汇与句子练习
初级意大利语教学基础词汇与句子练习意大利语是一门浪漫而美丽的语言，学习意大利语可以让我们更深入地了解意大利文化和历史。
在学习意大利语的过程中，掌握基础词汇和句子是非常重要的。
本文将为初学者提供一些基础词汇和句子练习，帮助他们巩固所学的知识。
一、基础词汇练习1. 表达问候和介绍- Buongiorno: 早上好 / Buona mattina: 上午好- Buon pomeriggio: 下午好 / Buonasera: 晚上好- Ciao: 你好 / Arrivederci: 再见- Come ti chiami?: 你叫什么名字？/ Mi chiamo…: 我叫...2. 数字和颜色- Uno: 1 / Due: 2 / Tre: 3 / Quattro: 4 / Cinque: 5- Rosso: 红色 / Blu: 蓝色 / Giallo: 黄色 / Verde: 绿色 / Nero: 黑色3. 家庭成员- Madre: 母亲 / Padre: 父亲- Fratello: 兄弟 / Sorella: 姐妹- Nonno: 爷爷 / Nonna: 奶奶- Zio: 叔叔 / Zia: 阿姨4. 基本动词- Studiare: 学习- Mangiare: 吃- Parlare: 谈话 / Ascoltare: 听- Lavorare: 工作- Dormire: 睡觉二、基础句子练习1. 日常问候- Come stai?: 你好吗？- Sto bene, grazie!: 我很好，谢谢！- E tu?: 你呢？2. 自我介绍- Mi chiamo Anna. Ho 25 anni.: 我叫安娜，我25岁。
- Sono americana. Vengo da New York.: 我是美国人，来自纽约。
3. 询问和提供帮助- Mi puoi aiutare?: 你可以帮助我吗？- Certo, con piacere!: 当然，乐意帮忙！- Grazie mille!: 非常感谢！4. 询问路线- Scusa, puoi dirmi come arrivare alla stazione?: 对不起，你能告诉我怎么去火车站吗？- Certo! Devi prendere la metro e scendere alla fermata successiva.: 当然！你需要乘地铁，下一站下车。
意大利语基本知识
意大利语基本知识意大利语字母表印刷体名称读音印刷体名称读音A a a [a] N n enno [en][no]B b bi [bi] O o o [o]C c ci [chi] P p pi [bi]D d di [di] Q q cu [gu]E e e [e] R r erre [erle]F f effe [ef][fe] S s esse [es][se]G g gi [ji] T t ti [di]H h acca [a][ga] U u uI i i V v vi [vi]L l elle [el][le] Z z zeta [ze][da]M m emme [me]外来字母及其发音印刷体名称读音J j I lunga [lun][ga]K k cappa [ga][ba]W w doppi vu [dou][bi][wu]X x ics [iks]Y y ipsilon [pu][si][lon]A a [a]发音时口腔张大，双唇呈椭圆形，舌头自然放平，舌尖抵在下齿龈。
如：mamma(妈妈) ，fama(名誉)，banana(香蕉)，sala(我知道它)E e[e]发音时嘴呈扁平型，舌尖抵触下齿，开口音è与闭口音é的发音略有区别，开口音的发音张口程度较大，闭口音开口程度较小。
如：开口音：è（并且），tè（您），bello(美好的)。
闭口音： sé（如果）， cena（晚饭）I i发音时舌前部用力抬起，口腔略张，双唇呈扁平型，舌间紧抵下齿。
如：mili （相似），simili（酒），li（他们）O o[o]发音时，双唇略收呈圆形，舌部向后收，舌间往下压，舌后部抬起。
开音o除必要时不标开音符号。
发闭音时，口腔张的更小，舌后部向后缩，双唇进一步收缩，向前伸。
如：开口音：ho （我有），sto（我是），nove（九），fuori（外部）闭口音：noi(我们)，come（象），ora（小时）， solo（只）U u发音时双唇紧缩，用力突出呈圆形，舌部用力后缩。
意大利语基础单词与日常用语
gli Stati Uniti
americano
美国
Emilia-Romagna
艾米利亚-罗马涅
Bologna
博洛尼亚
Spagna
spagnolo
西班牙
Brasile
brasiliano
巴西
Parma
帕尔玛
Portogallo
portoghese
葡萄牙
Egitto
egizio
埃及
Lazio
拉齐奥
nel febbraio del 1982
ventennio
二十年
sono le 9(in punto/precise)
9:00（整）
prima di ...
nel 1982
sono le 9 e un quarto
9:15
nel dicembre scorso
diurno
白天的
sono le 9 e 15
nottata
一夜，一宵
linea del tempo
时间轴
è ora di ...
oggi è il primo ottobre2012.
le ore piccole
凌晨，午夜以后
mesi e mesi
一连几个月
时间表达
顺序表达
il 18 gennaio,2010
biennio
两年
Che ora è/Che ore sono
rinascimentale
文艺复兴时期的
è mezzogiorno
12:00
il/nel pomeriggio dalle 15 alle 19.
attuale
意大利语口语入门
第一部分语音篇第一章：语音字母表1.音素2.元音3.辅音4.双元音和多元音5.双辅音6.省音第二章：音节划分音节第三章：语调，重音和省音1.语调2.重音3.省音第四章：下标点和大写的使用1.下标点2.大写字母的使用第二部分口语篇第一章社交问候语介绍；约见拜访邀请身份辨别物品问路第二章时间天气日期时间天气第三章亲人朋友家庭亲属邻里朋友第四章情感表达求助、感激建议看法决定不喜欢抱怨要求致歉后悔困惑第五章日常生活年龄语言业余生活住址搬家租房谈计划谈经历生病询问意见工作事业餐馆就餐夜生活报刊杂志打电话邮政旅行第六章衣服着装衣着买衣服第七章国家国籍第八章地理环境第九章学习教育第十章道路交通第十一章附录省份缩略语邮编常用缩略语第三部分分类词汇第一章：基础词汇1.1 数字1.2 时间日历1.2.1日历1.2.2时间1.3 度量1.4 颜色1.5 性状1.6 方位方向1.7 形状第二章：人体描述2.1 身体2.2 人的描述2.2.1外貌第三章：日常生活3.1过生日3.2 婚姻3.3家庭3.4 日常称谓3.5问候语3.6职业3.7 服饰3.7.1鞋帽3.7.2配饰3.7.3 化妆3.8 蔬菜3.9 水果3.10 肉类3.11海鲜3.12小吃3.13 饮品3.14 调料3.15 烹饪方法3.16租房3.17 客厅3.18卧室3.19 浴室3.20厨房3.21 交通工具3.22 公交车站3.23地铁站3.24 火车站3.24.1买票3.25 在机场3.25.1机场大楼3.25.2航班信息3.25.3机场3.26乘出租车3.27 电话3.28 电脑第四章公共设施4.1医院4.2学校4.2.1 学校教育4.2.2学校4.2.3学科4.2.4文具4.3图书馆4.4 银行4.5邮局4.5.1邮政4.5.2寄包裹4.6博物馆4.7消防4.8公园4.9公共厕所第五章休闲娱乐5.1 节假日5.2去旅游5.2.1名胜古迹5.2.3定房间5.2.4在旅馆5.3购物5.3.1在超市5.3. 2结账5.4 运动5.4.1篮球5.4.2足球5.4.3网球5.4.4游泳5.4.5体操5.4.6田径第六章艺术6.1电影6.2电视6.3乐器6.4戏剧6.5十二生肖6.6星座6.7中国古代文明6.7.1四大发明6.7.2四大名著第七章动植物7.1动物7.1.1哺乳动物7.1.2家畜、家禽7.1.3鸟类7.1.4昆虫7.2 植物7.2.1 谷物庄稼7.2.2 花7.2.3 树第八章国家城市8.1世界8.2 地球仪8.3 国家8.4国际城市8.5中国城市第九章地球和太空9.1地形地貌9.2 江河湖海9.2.1中国河流海洋9.2.2国际河流海洋9.3盆地、平原、高原9.4 气象9.4.1 气候9.4.2 天气9.4.4自然灾害第一章：语音1.字母表意大利语字母表印刷体名称读音印刷体名称读音A a a[a]N n enne[enne]B b bi[bi]O o o[o]C c ci[chi]P p p[bi]D d di[di]Q q cu[gu]E e e[e]R r erre[erre]F f effe[effe]S s esse[esse]G g gi[ji]T t ti[di]H h acca[aga]U u u[u]I i i[i]V v vu[vi]L l elle[elle]Z z zeta[zeda]M m emme[emme]外来字母及发音印刷体名称读音J j lunga [ilunga]K k cappa [gaba]W w doppi vu [doubi wu]X x ics [iks]Y y ipsilon [Ipusilon]1.音素意大利语的音素分为元音和辅音两种。
意大利初学 复习重点
第一单元小结：意大利语字母：A , B, C,D, E, F, G, H, I , L , M , N , O , P , Q , R , S , T , U , V , Z外来字母：J K X Y W发音C的发音：ca che chi co cu ce cicia ce ci cio ciu基本会话: Io sono xxx - 我是xxxSono cinese - 我是中国人Ciao- 你好/ 拜拜Arrivederci- 再见Buongiorno= 早上好Buonpomeriggio= 下午好Buonasera= 晚上好Buonanotte= 晚安语法（Io）sono-我是重要词汇数字numeri 0-10 : 0 zero，1uno，2due，3tre，4 quattto，5 cinque，6 sei，7sette，8otto，9nove，10dieci*星期giorni della settimana：lunedì, martedì, mercoledì, giovedì,venerdì,sabato, domenica*mattina-早上pomeriggio-下午sera-晚上notte-夜晚oggi- 今天ieri-昨天domani-明天其他单词: mela苹果，banana香蕉，sole太阳，gelato冰淇林，euro欧元，naso鼻子，occhio眼睛，hotel旅馆，rosa 玫瑰，yògurt 酸奶，tavolo 桌子，sedia 椅子，fuoco 火，libro书，quaderno本子，zaino 书包，banco 书桌，penna 圆珠笔，matita 铅笔，studente学生（男），studentessa学生（女），professore老师（男），professoressa老师（女），cerotto 创口贴，città城市，luce灯，camicia衬衫，casa家，classe班级，chiesa教堂，chiave钥匙，cane狗第二单元小结：发音G的发音：ga ghe ghi go gu ge gi gia ge gi gio giu基本会话Chi sei？你是谁？Sono hao hao我是好好Di dove sei？你是哪里人？Sono cinese 我是中国人Chi èlui/lei?他/她是谁？Lei èGiu lia 她是GiuliaDi dove èlui/lei?他/她是哪里人？Lui èitaliano 他是意大利人Oggi èlunedì/ martedì今天是星期一语法*动词essere是：io sono，tu sei, lui/ lei è,*否定副词：non：io non sono ，tu non sei，lui/lei non è是xx，不是xxx：èxx , non èxxx重要词汇*数字：numeri 11-20 : 11 undici , 12 dodici , 13tredici , 14 quattordici , 15quindici, 16sedici , 17diciassette, 18diciotto, 19diciannove, 20venti*国家，国籍nazione ，nazionalità: pdf 第23页特别要记的：Germania-德国，Tedesco- 德国人/德国语，Polonia-波兰，Polacco-波兰人/波兰语，Inghilterra-英国，inglese英国人/英语*6大洲continenti：Asia 亚洲，Europa 欧洲，Africa 非洲，Nord America北美洲，Sud America 南美洲，Oceania大西洋其他词汇Maschio男性，femmina女性，cuore 心，forchetta叉，coltello刀，ginocchio膝盖，gemelli/e -双胞胎，giraffa长颈鹿，giacca 外套，giusto对的，giornale报纸，gatto 猫咪，spaghetti 意大利面，ragazzo 男孩，ragazza女孩，amico朋友第三单元小结：发音*Gli的发音：glia glie gli glioGl+其他元音是正常的发音：gla gle glo glu*Gn的发音：gna gne gni gno gnu基本会话Hai xxx？你有xx ? Si, ho xx / No, non ho xxx 。
意大利语 基础单词与日常用语
èmezzanotte/zero
24:00
地 理
方位
大洲
nord
settentrione
settentrionale
北，北方（m）
北方的
in basso
在下端，在底部
Europa
europeo
欧洲
in fondo
在尽头，在底部
Asia
asiatico
亚洲
sud
meridione
meridionale
海王星，海神
campagna
乡下，农村
canale
运河，水渠，海峡（m）
Plutone
冥王星
naviglio
可航行的运河
America Latina
拉丁美洲
est
oriente
orientale
东，东方（m）
东方的
prossimo
scorso
下一个/上一个
Antartide
南极洲
precedente
seguente
前面的/以下的
Oceania
大洋洲
anteriore
在前的，前面的
sopra /su
在...上/表面
successivo
陆地，大陆（m）
pianeta
行星（m）
nazione
国家，民族
altopiano
高原
stella
星，明星
repubblica
共和国
pianura
平原
satellite
卫星
comune
市，市政府
campo
田野，场地，领域
capitale
意大利语词汇学习：意大利语学习第三课
意大利语词汇学习：意大利语学习第三课意大利店铺[yidali.]收集整理。
Italian Lesson 3 - a scuola (at school)This week's new words:NOUNSla biblioteca (bib-lee-o-tek-a) - libraryla biologia (bee-o-lo-gee-a) - biologyl'amico/la amica (ah-mee-ko, ah-mee-ka) - friendil cancellino (can-chel-lee-no) - chalkboard eraseril quaderno (kwa-der-no) - notebookla classe (klas-say) - class (people), classroomla lezione (let-zee-oh-ne) - class (lesson)il dizionario (dik-zee-o-nar-eeo) - dictionaryil danaro (dah-nar-oh) - moneyi soldi (sol-dee) - moneyl'economia (eeko-nom-eea)- economicsl'italiano (ee-tah-lya-no) - Italianlo studente (stoo-dehn-tay) - student (male)la studentessa (stoo-dehn-tays-sah) - student (female)lo scolaro/la scolara (sko-lah-roh, sko-lah-rah) - schoolboy, schoolgirlil banco (ban-koh) - deskla scuola (skwoh-la) - schoolla geografia (geeo-gra-fee-a) - geographyl'ora (or-a) - hourl'inglese (eeng-lay-seh) - Englishla matita (mah-tee-tah)- pencilil libro (lee-bro) - bookla matematica (mat-ay-mat-ee-kah) - mathla pagina (pa-gee-na) - pagela carta (kar-tah) - paperla lavagna (lah-vah-nya) - chalkboardla penna (pen-nah) - penl'orologio (oh-roh-lo-joe) - clock/watchil compito (kom-pee-toh) - homeworkil tempo (tehm-poh)- timeil gesso (jehs-soh)- chalkl'università (oo-nee-ver-see-tah)- university VERBSamare - to loveascoltare (as-kohl-tah-reh) - to listen studiare (stoo-dee-ah-reh) - to study parlare (par-lah-reh) - to speak/talk chiamare (kee-ah-mah-reh) - to call ritornare (ree-tor-nah-reh) - to return lavorare (lah-voh-rah-reh) - to work INTERROGATIVESquale (kwahleh)- whichquando (kwahndo) - whenquanto(-a) (kwahnto) - how muchquanti(-as) (kwahntee)- how manydove (doh-vay) - whereperché (payr-kway)1 - whyche cosa (kay kohsah) - whatchi (kee) - whoCONJUNCTIONSperché (payr-kway)1 - becausee (ay) - andPREPOSITIONSa (ah) - at, to, the dative aADJECTIVEScorto(-a, -i, -e) (korto) - shortquarto(-a, -i, -e) (kwar-toh) - quarter (one-fourth) difficile (-i) (deef-fee-chee-lay) - difficultfacile (-i) (fa-chee-lay) - easylungo(-a, -hi, -he) - longlargo(-a, -hi, -he) - wide, broadmezzo(-a, -i, -e) (metz-zoh) - halfNumbers 100-999.999100 cento (chen-toh)101 centouno (chen-toh oo-no)102 centodue103 centotre110 centodieci120 centoventi199 centonovantanove200 duecento (doo-ay-chen-toh)201 duecentouno255 duecentocinquantacinque282 duecentoottantadue300 trecento (tray-chen-toh)400 quattrocento (kwat-troh-chen-toh)500 cinquecento (cheen-kwe-chen-toh)600 seicento (say-ee-chen-toh)700 settecento (set-tay-chen-toh)800 ottocento (ot-toh-chen-toh)900 novecento (no-vay-chen-toh)1.000 mille (mil-lay)1.001 milleuno1.010 milledieci1.100 millecento1.538 millecinquecentotrentotto1.999 millenovecentonovantanove2.000 duemila3.000 tremila9.000 novemila10.000 diecimila15.000 quindicimila27.000 ventisettemila76.000 settantaseimila99.999 novantanovemilanovecentonovantanove100.000 centomila210.005 duecentodiecimila e cinque305.111 trecentocinquemila centoundici500.000 cinquecentomila860.789 ottocentosessantamila settecentoottantanove911.222 novecentododicimila duecentoventidueNotesThere is a single word in Italian for "why" and "because", that is perché. The accent on perché, as well as on any other word in Italian, tells you that the stress is on that syllable. Accents in Italian are written only to indicate that the stress is on the last syllable (contrary to the majority of words which is stressed on the penultimate syllable). On dictionaries accents are always written on the stressed syllables, but this is not done in common writing.The letter "q" (as in quando) is always followed by an "u" and another wovel, and is pronounced "kw" (as in English "quill"). The same identical pronunciation is used for the group "cu" followedby a vowel (as in scuola). There is no rule on when to use either forms in writing, but it is a serious mistake to use the wrong one (in fact, writing "squola" with "q" is the prototype of mistakes in jokes). There are a few words with a double-sound (k-kw), which are always written as "cqu + vowel" (like acqua "water", pron. "ak-kwah"), with a single exception of double "q" in the word soqquadro ("sok-kwa-droh", "a mess").Regular -are (1st conjugation) verbsAll Italian verbs fall into one of three categories (conjugations) - they either end in are, ere, or ire. Within each category, there are regular and irregular verbs. Regular verbs all conjugate with a similar pattern - all the new verbs in this lesson are regular (as you'll see soon). Irregular verbs don't follow a pattern, and each verb's conjugation has to be memorized separately - the two verbs you learned in Lesson 2, essere and stare are irregular.Here are the new verbs for this lesson: amare, ascoltare, studiare, parlare, ritornare, lavorare. These are all regular -are verbs. Here are the present-tense (present indicative) conjugations of them all:io parlo ("I speak")tu parli ("you speak")lei,[lui]parla ("you (formal), [he,] she speaks")noi parliamo ("we speak")voi parlate ("you (plural) speak")essi,esse,loro parlano ("they (male), they (female). you (formal plural),speak")Regular verbs are made up of a body (parl), and a suffix (are). To conjugate regular verbs, replace the infinitive suffix (are, ere, ire) with the correct conjugation suffix from the exampleconjugation for parlare above. For example, take amare, and conjugate it:io amo ("I love")tu ami ("you love")lei,[lui] ama ("you (formal), [he,] she loves")noi amiamos ("we love")voi amate ("you (plural) love")essi,esse,loro amano ("they (male), they (female) you (formal plural), love")All verbs can be split into a body/suffix pair, but only regular verbs follow these patterns. There are 3 different regular-verb patterns - one for -are verbs, one for -ere verbs, and one for -ire verbs. (In the next lesson, we'll learn the rules for regular -ere and -ire verbs.) In summary, to conjugate any regular -are verb in the present (present indicative) tense, remove the -are suffix, and add one of the following (depending on who is the subject of the verb):io -otu -ilei,lui,esso -anoi -iamovoi -ateessi,esse,loro -anoHere are complete conjugations of 2 more verbs from this lesson:lavorareio lavoro, tu lavori, lei lavora, noi lavoriamo, voi lavorate, essi lavoranoritornareio ritorno, tu ritorni, lei ritorna, noi ritorniamo, voi ritornate,essi ritornanoNow that we have the conjugation for these regular -are verbs, we can make sentences with them, like this:Amo Tania. ("I love Tania")Lavora all'università. ("He works at (in) the university")Noi ascoltiamo la professoressa. ("We listen to the teacher") Essi studiano alle otto. ("The men study at 8")Esse parlano italiano. ("The women speak Italian")Io ritorno all'u niversità alle tre. ("I return to the university at 3 o'clock")Studiate matematica ? ("Do you study math?")A - At or T o, and the dative AIn a few of the sentences above, the preposition a is used, as in Essi studiano alle otto. The preposition a translates to the English "at" or "to", depending on the sentence. The preceeding sentence ("essi studiano……") is an example of a meaning "at". The sentence io ritorno all'università is an example of a meaning "to". When the a comes before an article, as in io ritorno a la università, the a and the la combine to form alla. This is the so-called articulated preposition. Moreover, if the next noun begins with a wovel, the last vowel of the articulated preposition falls and is replaced by an apostrophe So the correct way to write the preceeding sentence is: io ritorno all'università.Note that the English "at" may translate to either a or in in Italian, depending on the sentence. In is usually used to refer to something being at something else, such as sono in univers ità - "I'm at the university". A usually refers to a state or condition (sort of) of something, such as "at great speed", or when referring to time, such as alla una ("at one o'clock").In two more cases, the a isn't either of the above twomeanings, but is used for English "to". One case is when a motion to somewhere is involved, like in "Io vado all'università" (I go to the university, the verb used is irregular). Another one is when a person or name of a place is the destination of a verb, an a is placed before the object, as in La professoressa parla agli studenti. ("The teacher talks to the students"). The preposition a is NOT needed for transitive verbs (when the object is direct, as in Io amo Tania ("I love Tania").Numbers 100 to 999.999If you've looked at the numbers in the New Words section, you may already have seen some patterns developing in Italian numbers. First, the numbers 100, 200, 300, etc., all have a similar form - cento, duecento, trecento…… If you look carefully, and remember the numbers 2 through 9, you'll see that each hundred above 100 is just "two hundred" (duecento), "three hundred" (trecento), and so on. To form numbers in between the hundreds, you use the numbers 1-99 you learned in the last 2 lessons, but add the hundreds on to the front. Eleven is undici, 111 is centoundici. Three-hundred and twenty is trecentoventi, and so on. Putting spaces between parts of a compound number is optional.Mille is Italian for 1.000. No, this isn't "one point zero zero zero zero", this is one-thousand. English uses a comma to separate thousands, millions, etc., in a number. Italian traditionally use the period (".") instead. In English, we would expect to see this number: 12,399,100. In Italian, the same number is written: 12.399.100. In much the same way, where English uses the period to denote numbers between whole numbers (as in "12.99"), Italian uses a comma ("12,99"), but this will be discussed in another lesson. In scientific practice we oftenuse the English convention, particularly for fractionary numbers. Public administration uses the Italian convention, and this is what was taught in schools in my times.Multiples of 1000 are treated as such - 2000 is duemila, literally "two thousands". Three thousand is tremila, and so on. This pattern is the same for thousands up to 999.000 (that's nine-hundred ninety-nine thousand), so that 50.000 is cinquantamila, and 231.000 is duecentotrentunomila. Combining these two rules for numbers, we can read numbers like 123.456 (centoventitremila quattrocentocinquantasei) and 784.675 ( settecentoottantaquattromila seicentosettantacinque). So now, practice saying things like:The current year. (millenovecentonovantacinque)How many miles are on your car. (centomiaquattrocentotrentadue)The number of pages in the book you're reading. (trecentoottanta)The number of CDs and tapes you own. (duecentocinque)Your yearly salary. (uh, in Lira that will be in millions …… :-) ) Telling TimeIo ritorno in università alle tre. Telling time in Italian uses only 2 for ms of the verb essere: é and sono. Italian for "it is one o'clock" is é la una. Times are always given in the feminine form because la ora ("hour", or "the time") is feminine. é la is only used if you are talking about one o'clock, since "one" is singular. For all other hours, you use sono le, as in sono le sei ("It's 6 o'clock"). Minutes are expressed as numbers after the hour, using either e or mens to represent after or before the hour, respectively. At 15 minutes before or after the hour, quarto ("a fourth") is commonly used instead of quindici ("fifteen"). Likewise, at 30 minutes afteran hour, mezza ("half") is commonly used instead of trenta ("thirty"). Mezza is never used with meno. Here are some examples:é la una e venti. ("It's twenty after one", literally "it's one and twenty")Sono le due meno dieci. ("It's ten before two", literally "it's two minus ten") but also é la una e cinquantaSono le quattro e un quarto. ("It's a quarter after four.")Sono le quattro meno un quarto. ("It's a quarter before four.") but also Sono le tre e tre quarti (literally, "it is three and three quarters") and Sono le tre e quarantacinque (literally, "it is three and forty-five")Sono le dieci e mezza. ("It's half past ten.")é la una meno cinque. ("It's five (minutes) to one.")To say that something is "at" a certain time, use alla or alle:A che ora é la lezione ? ("At what time is the lesson ?")La lezione é alle nove. ("The lesson is at 9 o'clock.")La lezione é alla una. ("The lesson is at one o'clock.")To ask for the time in Italian, use Che ora é ("What time is it?"). T o ask what time something happens at, use A che ora ? ("At what time……?") as in A che ora é la lezione ?, or A che ora ritorni in università ? ("What time do you return to the university?").To differentiate between AM and PM when telling time, Italian may add del mattino ("in the morning"), del pomeriggio ("in the afternoon"), della (di) sera ("in the evening") and della notte ("in the night") to describe what time of day being referred to. Usually this is clear from the context and is not specified explicitly. Another possibility is to use a 24-hour clock (this is always done officially, e.g. when calling for meetings, in train and plane timetables, etc.). So 9 o'clock PM becomes sono le nove disera, while 9AM is sono le nove della mattina, and 5PM is sono le cinque del pomeriggio.Questions and Question WordsAsking a yes or no questionThere are many ways to ask questions in Italian, althoug there is no do-form as in English. The simplest form of a question is to use a regular sentence but either add a question mark (when written) or change the inflection (when spoken). Look at these 2 sentences:Marisa studia. ("Marisa studies.")Marisa studia ? ("Does Marisa study?")When writing a question a question mark occurs at the end of the question. When speaking, you must change the inflection of the sentence. A normal sentence ends on a low inflection, as in "maRIsa sTUdia", with capital letters denoting syllable emphasis. When asking a question, the sentence ends with a high inflection, as in "maRIsa studIA", much the same as English questions.It is also possible to change the word order when asking a question. Look at these sentences:Marisa studia italiano ?Studia italiano, Marisa ?Both these sentences say the same thing, "Is Marisa studying Italian?" The subject of the sentence, namely Marisa, can be placed or at the end of the sentence, for questions only. The second sentence may mean "is she studying Italian or another language ?"One other common way of asking a question is to add no ? or vero ? ("right?") to the end of a sentence. So the question above could also be written: Marisa studia italiano, vero ?("Marisa is studying Italian, isn't she?" or "Marisa is studying Italian, right?").Question wordsAll of these questions have implied either a yes or no answer - "Is Marisa studying?", "Is she studying Italian?" To ask questions that require more than a yes or no answer, you generally have to use a question word. Here is a list of some English question words and their Italian equivalents:What - che cosaWho - chiWhen - quandoWhy - perché,Which - qualeHow much - quanto(-a)How many - quanti(-e)Where - doveEach question word, or interrogative, works similarly to its English counterpart. Perhaps the easiest way to explain how to use them is through example sentences. Take a look at these: Chi é Roberto ? ("Who is Roberto?")Quando ritorna ? ("When is s/he returning?")Dove studia ? ("Where does s/he study?")Che ora é ? ("What time is it?")A che ora é la lezione ? ("At what time is the lesson?")Qual é il compito ? ("What is the homework (assignment)?") Chi é in casa? ("Who is in the house?")Dov'é la matita ? ("Where is the pencil?")Perché torni a scuola ? ("Why do you retur n to school?")In quale università studi ? ("At which university do you study?")Quanti studenti ci sono in classe ? ("How many students are there in the classroom?")Notice the similarity between English and Italian? Try making your own questions by translating the following English sentences (note that not all of them need a question word). Type in your answer in the text box after each sentence, then press the Translations button to compare what you typed to what the right answers are. (Answers for users without forms support.) What is in the book?Where does s/he work?Who is it?Is it 2 o'clock?What do you(informal) need?Why do you love him?Test yourselfHere's your chance to see how much you know. All of these sentences you should be able to translate either from or to Italian, if you've gone through all three lessons. Type in your answer in the text box after each sentence, then press the Translations button to compare what you typed to what the right answers are. (Answers for users without forms support.)English to ItalianHello, miss, are you in school?You're the teacher, aren't you?The class is long and difficult.Is the television in the kitchen?The green chair is big.I listen to the teacher in (the) class.Are the students unpleasant?The chalkboard is dirty.I'm sorry, I don't speak English. They're Tim's papers.Italian to EnglishIl compito é difficile ? Quando é la lezione ?Parlo bene inglese e italiano. é carina ?La classe é grande e pulita Dove studiano geografia ? Chi chiamano in cucina ? Quando lavora a scuola ?é un libro di matematica.Mi serve una penna blu.。
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ventennio
二十年
sono le 9(in punto/precise)
9:00（整）
prima di ...
nel 1982
sono le 9 e un quarto
9:15
nel dicembre scorso
diurno
白天的
sono le 9 e 15
nottata
一夜，一宵
linea del tempo
时间轴
èora di ...
oggi è il primo ottobre2012.
le ore piccole
凌晨，午夜以后
mesi e mesi
一连几个月
时间表达
顺序表达
il 18 gennaio,2010
biennio
两年
Che oraè？/Che ore sono?
时间
时间单位
月份（m）
时间-顺序
tempo
时间
gennaio
1月
alba
黎明，拂晓
stanotte
昨夜
secondo
秒
febbraio
2月
di buon mattino
一大早，清晨
stamattina
今天早上
minuto
分
marzo
3月
mattino
早晨
stasera
今晚
un quarto d'ora
今日的，现今的
èmezzanotte/zero
rinascimentale
文艺复兴时期的
èmezzogiorno
12:00
il/nel pomeriggio dalle 15 alle 19.
attuale
现在的，目前的
sone le 5 di pomeriggio
17:00
la bibliotecaèchiusa la domenica
odierno
oggi
今天
era
时代，年代，纪元
lunedì
星期一
primavera
primaverile
春
春天的
domani
明天
fase
阶段，时期（f）
martedì
星期二
dopo domani
后天
mercoledì
星期三
estate
estivo
夏
夏天的
anni '50
50年代
giovedì
星期四
il giorno prima
前一天
anno zero
零年
venerdì
星期五
autunno
autunnale
秋
秋天的
quell giorno
那天
primo '900
20世纪初
sabato
星期六
il giorno dopo
次日，第二天
Medioevo
中世纪
domenica
星期日
inverno
invernale
冬
冬季的
indomani
a che ora chiudono le banche?
epocale
时代的，时期的
circa le 9
9点左右
sono aperte anche il pomeriggio?
medievale
中世纪的
sono le 9 passate
刚过9点
qual'èl'orario di apertura della biblioteca？
settimanale
每周的
così...
l'orario del lezioneèdalle 9 alle 17
mensile
每月的
alla fine ...
il negozio apre alle 9 e chiude alle 19
bisestile
闰年的
sono appena le 9
刚好9点
...circa alle 9
…intorno alle 9
oggi è lunedì.
oretta
一小时左右
lancetta dei minuti
分针
gionata
白天
lancetta dei secondi
秒针
quanti ne abbiamo oggi?
serata
晚上，晚间
oggi ne abbiamo quindici.
notte
夜，夜晚
di/la ~
attimo
片刻，瞬间
A.C/avanti cristo
公元前
dicembre
12月
momento
时刻，片刻
D.C/dopo cristo
公元后
l'arltro ieri
前天
periodo
时期，阶段
季节
ieri
昨天
epoca
纪元，时代，时期
星期
stagione
季节，季候
presente
现今（m）
al /per il~
mese
月（f）
agosto
8月
tramonto
日落，晚霞
futuro
将来，将来时
in ~
anno年Βιβλιοθήκη settembre9月
sera
晚上
di/la ~
secolo/sec.
世纪，百年
ottobre
10月
mezzanotte
午夜
a ~
时期
novembre
11月
次日，第二天
all’~
Rinascimento
文艺复兴
fine-settimana
周末（m）
钟表
日期（data）
ogni giorno
每天
orologio
钟表，手表
A che ora ...?
che giornoè oggi?
mezz'ora
半小时
lancetta delle ore
时针
...verso le 9
几点了？
anzitutto ...
in/a setembre
triennio
三年
èl'una(in punto/precisa)
1:00（整）
per prima cosa ...
nel 1982,a febbraio
decennio
十年
èl'una e mezzo/mezza
1:30
prima ...
一刻
aprile
4月
mattina
上午
di/la ~
domattina
明天早上
ora
小时
maggio
5月
mezzogiorno
正午
a ~
giorno
天
giugno
6月
pomeriggio
下午
nel/il ~
passato
过去，往昔
in ~
settimana
星期
luglio
7月
crepuscolo
黄昏
dopo le 2 ...
giovedìscorso
mattinale
早晨的，上半天
sono le 9 e tre quarti
sono le 9 e 45
sono le 10 meno un quarto
sono le 10 meno 15 minuti
mancano 15 minuti alle 10
manca un quarto d’ora alle 10
9:45
poi ...
l'anno prossimo
pomeridiano
下午的
dopo ...
serale
晚上的
时刻表
notturno
夜间的
piùtardi ...
questa lezione comincia alle 9 e finisce alle 17