英语论文常见写作句型

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英文论文写作中常用的10种句式

英文论文写作中常用的10种句式1、否定句许多否定句不含not的否定结构。

如果论文作者能正确使用他们，就会增加写作的闪光点，使显得生动活泼。

,childrenshouldbetaughthowtobenefitfromusefulin formationontheinternet.应该教孩子们如何从互联网获取有益的信息，而不是沉溺于玩电脑游戏。

我们绝不能忽视知识的巨大价值。

erstandingofsocieties.大学生参加兼职工作不是为了赚更多钱，而是为了更好地了解社会。

’ssalarydoesnotdependsomuchonhiseducationalbackgroun dasonhisabilityandcontributiontothesociety.一个人的工资与其说取决于他的教育背景倒不如说取决于他的能力和对社会的贡献。

2、非限制性定语从句如果需要对前述的整个句子内容进行解释或说明，就可以用到非限制性定语从句。

,practicalcoursescanbeusedtothereality,whichiso fvitalimportancetotheirdevelopmentinthefuture.毫无疑问，实用性课程可以用于实际中，这对于他们未来发展是非常重要的。

,whichissometimesdangerousandharmful.孩子们倾向于模仿大众媒体上的所见所闻，这在有时是危险和有害的。

hmoreopportunitiestodeveloptheirinterpersonalskills ,whichmayputtheminafavorablepositioninthefuturejobm arkets.大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

3、让步句让步句是写论文最常用的句式之一，作者务必掌握以下4种用法，可以使英文句子起伏跌宕，富于变化。

英文写作十大经典句型作文

英文写作十大经典句型作文英文：1. In my opinion, (insert topic) is essential because (insert reason).For example, in my opinion, learning a foreign language is essential because it opens up opportunities for communication and cultural exchange.2. It goes without saying that (insert topic) is a crucial aspect of (insert subject).For instance, it goes without saying that grammar is a crucial aspect of language learning.3. (Insert topic) is a double-edged sword, as it has both advantages and disadvantages.Take social media for example, it is a double-edgedsword as it allows for easy communication but also can lead to addiction and cyberbullying.4. (Insert topic) is a hotly debated issue in (insert field) and opinions are divided.For instance, the use of technology in the classroom is a hotly debated issue in education and opinions are divided on its effectiveness.5. (Insert topic) is a complex issue that requires a multifaceted approach.For example, addressing climate change is a complex issue that requires a multifaceted approach including reducing carbon emissions, promoting renewable energy, and educating the public.6. (Insert topic) is a pressing concern that requires immediate attention.Take the issue of poverty for example, it is a pressingconcern that requires immediate attention through policies and programs aimed at alleviating poverty.7. (Insert topic) is a game-changer that has revolutionized (insert field).For instance, the invention of the internet is a game-changer that has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information.8. (Insert topic) is a two-way street, as it involves both giving and receiving.Take the topic of friendship for example, it is a two-way street as it involves both giving and receiving support, understanding, and companionship.9. (Insert topic) is a universal experience that transcends cultural and linguistic barriers.For example, the experience of love is a universal experience that transcends cultural and linguistic barriers.10. (Insert topic) is a blessing in disguise, as it teaches us valuable lessons and helps us grow.Take the experience of failure for example, it is a blessing in disguise as it teaches us valuable lessons and helps us grow stronger and more resilient.中文：1. 在我看来，（插入主题）是必要的，因为（插入理由）。

英语作文万能句型100句

英语作文万能句型100句在英语写作中，恰当地运用一些万能句型可以提升文章的表达效果。

以下是一百句常用的英语作文万能句型，希望对你的写作有所帮助。

1.In my opinion,…2.It is widely believed that…3.According to a recent survey,…4.People’s views on…vary from person to person.5.It goes without saying that…6.What is more,…7.What’s worse,…8.It is universally acknowledged that…9.From my point of view,…10.As far as I am concerned,…11.It is commonly believed that…12.As the proverb says,…13.It has been proven that…14.Nowadays,…15.With the rapid development of…16.More and more people are beginning to realize…17.Th ere is no doubt that…18.In this respect,…19.It is clear that…20.As is known to all,…21.It is generally recognized that…22.As a result,…23.It can be seen that…24.Given the reasons above,…25.As a famous saying goes,…26.As the saying goes,…27.With the development of…28.Generally speaking,…29.As history shows us,…30.As we all know,…31.Finally,…32.In summary,…33.In conclusion,…34.In short,…35.As stated before,…36.To sum up,…37.Therefore,…38.Consequently,…39.It can be concluded that…40.The evidence suggests that…41.To illustrate,…42.For example,…43.For instance,…44.Such as…ly,…46.To demonstrate,…47.This can be seen from…48.This is particularly true when…49.For one thing,…50.For another,…51.Besides,…52.What is more,…53.Apart from this,…54.In addition,…55.Additionally,…56.Moreover,…57.Furthermore,…58.However,…59.Nevertheless,…60.Despite this,…61.Yet,…62.On the contrary,…63.On the other hand,…64.Despite this point,…65.Instead…66.In contrast,…67.Conversely,…68.While it is true that…69.Although this may be true…70.Admittedly,…71.Nonetheless,…72.In spite of…73.Hence,…74.Therefore,…75.Thus,…76.It seems reasonable to conclude that…77.One of the greatest advantages is…78.What may matter even more is…79.Another significant factor is…80.The key point to realize is…81.A crucial issue that needs to be addressed is…82.Another positive aspect is…83.It can be argued that…84.One thing that needs to be pointed out is…85.A further aspect that needs to be considered is…86.An additional point is…87.An equally important aspect should also bementioned…88.The final point to be made is…st but not least,…90.The most significant point is…91.Moreover, it should not be fo rgotten that…92.A further consideration is…93.It is of prime importance to…94.A major reason for…95.An additional consideration is…96.It is essential to consider…97.A final point that should be considered…98.It is apparent that…99.In order to…100.Therefore, in conclusion, it can be said that…这些万能句型能够帮助你更好地表达观点和论证，提高英语作文的质量。

英文写作十大经典句型作文

英文写作十大经典句型作文1. It goes without saying that...It goes without saying that learning a second language is essential in today's globalized world. With the increasing interconnectedness of cultures and economies, being able to communicate in multiple languages is a valuable asset that can open up countless opportunities.2. In my opinion,…。

In my opinion, the best way to combat climate change is through individual action. While government policies and international agreements are important, it is ultimately up to each and every one of us to make changes in our daily lives to reduce our carbon footprint.3. As a matter of fact,…。

As a matter of fact, studies have shown that regularexercise not only improves physical health, but also has a positive impact on mental well-being. Exercise releases endorphins, which can help reduce stress and anxiety and improve mood.4. To put it simply,…。

英语议论文写作36个常用句型

l 前进类（用来论证好的方面）1. benefit from 从……当中获益例句：Many children who suffer from this illness will benefit from the new treatment(治疗).【主语一般为人，宾语一般为物】详解：这个句型与is beneficial to …(对……有益)的主语和宾语正好相反。

有时还可以把它们放在文章不同位置交替使用，来实现句式的多样化。

例句：Confucius' thought is beneficial to mankind. 孔子的思想有益于全人类。

例句：However, these habits are beneficial to my body.不过这些习惯是否有益于我身体。

2. Invest in 对……投资例句：Let's invest in our people without leaving them a mountain of debt.近义词汇：subsidize/sponsor/allocate to反义句型：withdraw/suspend the funding of…中止对……的投资例句：That money is used to subsidize /sponsor /allocate everything else.例句：Japan withdrew the funding of Africa.3. Promote the development of…促进……的发展例句：This championships will surely promote the development of basketball.详解：近义句型：facilitate the development of…/is a main contributor to….例句：Soil erosion is a main contributor to water pollution.4. Boost efficiency / productivity 提高效率/生产率例句：The language can simplify projects, reduce costs and boost efficiency.近义句型：enhance efficiency / productivity例句：We should constantly improve our own skills, in order to enhance efficiency.我们应该不断提高自身技术水平，以提高工作效率。

英语议论文七大类万能模板句型

高中英语写作议论文万能句型一. 引出话题万能句1.Recently, the problem of… has aroused people's concern.最近，……问题已引起人们的关注。

2.The Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。

它给我们带来了许多好处，但也产生了一些严重的问题。

3.Nowadays, overpopulation has become a problem we have to face.如今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。

4.It is commonly believed that…=It is a common belief that …人们一般认为……5.Many people insist that…很多人坚持认为……6.With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…随着科技的发展，越来越多的人认为……7.A lot of people seem to think that…很多人似乎认为……二. 结尾万能句1.Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论……2.Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论……3.Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that…因此，我们最好得出这样的结论……4.There is no doubt that job-hopping has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。

大学英语作文常用句型

1.引言句型：It is universally acknowledged that...众所周知...With the development of society,we come to realize that...随着社会的发展，我们开始意识到...There is a growing concern over...人们越来越关注...2.观点陈述句型：I am convinced that...我坚信...I firmly believe that...我坚信...From my perspective,...在我看来...3.原因分析句型：There are several factors responsible for this phenomenon.有几个因素导致了这一现象。

The reasons for...are as follows....的原因如下。

It can be attributed to the fact that...这可以归因于...4.举例说明句型：For instance,...例如，...A case in point is...一个恰当的例子是...Take...for example,...以...为例，...5.对比和对照句型：On the one hand,...On the other hand,...一方面，...另一方面，...Compared with...,...与...相比，...While...,...虽然...，...6.结论句型：In conclusion,...总之，...To sum up,...总而言之，...In summary,...总结来说，...7.建议和措施句型：It is high time that we put an emphasis on...我们早该重视... There is an urgent need to...迫切需要...It is advisable to...建议...8.表达同意与否句型：I cant agree more with the statement that...我非常同意...这一说法I disagree with the opinion that...我不同意...这一观点I am in favor of the view that...我支持...这一观点9.强调句型：It is undeniable that...不可否认...There is no denying that...不可否认...It goes without saying that...不言而喻...10.条件句型：If...,then...如果...，那么...Provided that...,...只要...，就...Only if...,can we...只有...，我们才能...11.结果句型：As a result,...结果，...Consequently,...因此，...Therefore,...因此，...12.让步句型：Despite the fact that...,...尽管...，...Although...,...虽然...，...Even though...,...即使...，...13.定义句型：...is defined as......被定义为...The term...refers to...术语...指的是...By definition,...根据定义，...14.问题句型：How can we solve the problem of...?我们如何解决...的问题？What measures should be taken to prevent...?应该采取什么措施来防止...？What are the causes of...?...的原因是什么？15.引用句型：As the saying goes,...正如谚语所说，...Someone once said,...某人曾经说过，...According to...,...根据...，...这些句型可以帮助你构建一个结构清晰、逻辑严密的大学英语作文。

最加分的英文学术论文常用句型，拿走不谢！

最加分的英文学术论文常用句型，拿走不谢！开始写学期论文了吧，是不是写着写着就词穷了？数据不会描述，观点不会引用，各种问题层出不穷，需要帮助了吧！小编这么贴心，当然知道你的需求咯！下面献上的这份超全面的英文学术论文常用句型，还不快收藏了好好学习！想要高分论文，小编只能帮你到这了！英文学术论文常用句型引用数据（图表、表格）1. 常用的动词：show, present, illustrate, summarize, demonstrate, contain, provide,list, report, give, reveal, display, indicate, suggest, describe, …2. as从句：As shown in …/ As can be seen in …/ As revealed by …引用/简述他人的研究/观点：1. XXX + Verb. + n./that … 其中Verb可以为：state,claim, argue, maintain, suggest, assert, hypothesize, conclude, describe,develop, propose, find, show, report, use, study, demonstrate, note, discuss,observe, explain, expand, publish, give, examine, analyze, focus, presume,speculate, assume, support, theorize, contend, recommend2. 其它：Based on …/ In the view of …/ According to …表达可能性：It is certain that …It is almost certain that …It is very probable/ highly likely that …It is probable/likely that …It is possible that …It is unlikely that …It is very/highly unlikely that …用于表达可能性的另一种途径：There is a definite possibility that …There is a strong possibility that …There is a good possibility that …There is a slight possibility that …There is little possibility that …表示例外：With the exception o f …Apart from …Except for …表示原因/缘由：be due tobe attibuted tobe accounted forbe a consequence ofstem from表示定义/命名：be namedbe calledbe denoted bybe known asbe defined asbe referred to引出设问句（不能直接使用设问句）：It is uncertain/unclear …It has not been determined …It is necessary to consider …The question remains …Current studies provide little information on …We need to know/consider …There is some question as to …Another issue raised by this study is …指出问题所在：This system/process/idea has its problems. There remains the issue of reliability.This model has some serious liminations. Few solutions have been found to …Little progress has been made in …The problem remains as to how …Researchers still have to find a way to …引出解决方案：Solutions to this problem are now widely discussed. One remedy is to …One method to address this difficulty is to …There are two possible ways of handling this problem. The first … The second …Several options are available to address this obstacle. Howe ver, the best one seems to be …A radically different design/model is needed to overcome this limitation.Recently, researchers have made significant progress in overcoming this difficulty by …引出中心话题：Recently, there has been growing interest in …The p ossibility of … has generated wide interest in …The development of … is a classic problem in …The development of … has led to the hope that …The … has become a favorite topic foranalysis …Knowledge of … has great importance for …The study of … has become an important aspect of …A central issue in … is …(The) … has been extensively studied inrecent years.Many investigators have recently turned to …The relationship between … and … has been investigated by many researchers.Many recent studies have focused on …表达相似之处：Similarly, …Likewise, …In the same fashion, …As in X, in Y …Like X, Y …The same …X is similar/comparable to YX resemble YX correspond to Y表达不同之处或比较/对照：In contrast, …Unlike X, Y …In contrast to …On the other hand, ……; however, ……, but …Whereas/While …, ……, whereas/while …X differ from YX is different from YX contrast with评价他人的研究/论著：1.正面：useful, important, interesting, clarity,accessibility,detailed, up-to-date, insightful, significant, comprehensive,practical, successful, remarkable, impressive, elegant, scholoarly, original,perceptive, rigorous, economical2.负面：inconsistent, restricted,misleading, thin, anecdotal, sloppy总结：Overall, …In general, …On the whole, …In the main, …With … exception(s), …The overall results indicate …The results indicate, overall, that …指出本研究的局限：It should be noted that this study has been primarily concerned with …This analysis has concentrated on …The findings of this study are restricted to …Th is study has addressed only the question of …The limination of this study are clear: …We would like to point out that we have not …指出研究结果的局限：However, the findings do not imply …The results of this study cannot be taken asevidence for …Unfortunately, we are unable to determine from this data …The lack of … means that we cannot be certain …指出本研究的意义：Notwithstanding its limitations, this study does suggest …Despite its preliminary character, the research reported here would seem to in dicate …However exploratory, this study may offer some insight into …。

高中英语2024届高考议论文写作模板句型(段落开头+段落衔接)

高考英语议论文写作模板句型一、用于段落开头的句型As far as ... is concerned【用法】可以作为引言句或段落的开头，引出要讨论的主题或问题，并在接下来的句子中对其进行讨论和分析。

它的使用可以使文章更加组织有序，同时突出重点。

【例句】As far as education is concerned, it plays a crucial role in fostering societal development.就教育而言，它在促进社会发展方面起着至关重要的作用。

As far as technology is concerned, it has greatly transformed various aspects of our lives.就科技而言，它已经大大改变了我们生活的各个方面。

It goes without saying that ...【用法】作为引言句或段落的开头，用来引出一个普遍认可的观点或结论。

接下来的句子可以进一步展开解释、论证或提供相关的例子和证据来支持这个观点。

【例句】It goes without saying that education is the key to success.不言而喻，教育是成功的关键。

It goes without saying that honesty is the foundation of trust in any relationship.不言而喻，诚实是建立任何关系的基础。

It has to be noticed that ...【用法】作为引言句或段落的开头，用来引起读者对一个重要观点或事实的注意。

它的使用可以使文章更加引人注目和突出重点。

【例句】It has to be noticed that technology advancements have revolutionized various industries.必须注意的是，科技进步已经彻底改变了各个行业。

英语征文作文的全能句型

英语征文作文的全能句型1. 引言句型：o As the saying goes, "..." This proverb resonates deeply with me, especially when considering the topic of ...o In today's fast-paced world, the issue of ... has become increasingly pertinent.2. 观点陈述句型：o I firmly believe that ... is crucial/essential/imperative for several reasons.o It is my contention that ... is a double-edged sword, with both positive and negative impacts.3. 举例句型：o For instance, ... provides a compelling case in point.o Consider the example of ..., which exemplifies the point I am trying to make.4. 对比句型：o On the one hand, ...; however, on the other hand, ...o While ... enjoys numerous benefits, it is also accompanied by several drawbacks.5. 因果句型：o The reason why ... is that ...o The proliferation of ... has led to a corresponding increase in ...6. 强调句型：o It cannot be overstated that ... is of utmost importance.o It is imperative that we ... in order to ...7. 总结句型：o In conclusion, ... is a complex issue that requires a multifaceted approach.o In summary, I believe that ... is essential for our future well-being.8. 引用句型：o As [famous person] once said, "..." This quote perfectly encapsulates the essence of ...o According to recent studies, ... has been shown to ...9. 建议句型：o It is advisable that we ... in order to tackle the issue of ...o One practical solution to ... is to ...10. 转折句型：o Despite the fact that ..., it is important to recognize that ...o Although ... may seem like a viable option, it is not without its shortcomings.。

英语作文要用的句型

英语作文要用的句型使用不同的句型可以使文章更加丰富多彩，下面是一些常用的句型：1. It is widely believed that + 句子。

2. As the proverb goes, + 句子。

3. With the development of + 名词/动词短语。

4. Nowadays, + 句子。

5. It goes without saying that + 句子。

6. According to + 名词/调查/数据。

7. From my point of view, + 句子。

8. In conclusion, + 句子。

仿写：It is widely believed that education is the key to success. As the proverb goes, "Knowledge is power." With the development of technology, education has become more accessible than ever before. Nowadays, people can learn anything they want online. It goes without saying that education plays a crucial role in our lives. According to a recent survey, people with higher education tend to have better job opportunities and higher salaries. From my point of view, education not only helps us gain knowledge but also teaches us how to think critically and solve problems. In conclusion, we should value education and continue to learn throughout our lives.。

英语学术论文常用句型总结版

英语学术论文常用句型总结版1. According to previous studies, ...根据之前的研究，...2. The purpose of this study is to...本研究的目的是...3. The results indicate that...结果表明...4. Furthermore, it should be noted that...此外，值得注意的是...5. This study provides valuable insights into...本研究为...提供了有价值的见解。

6. The findings of this study have important implications for...本研究的发现对...有重要的意义。

7. It is worth mentioning that...值得一提的是...8. The limitations of this study should be acknowledged.应该承认本研究的局限性。

9. Future research should focus on...未来的研究应该关注...10. In conclusion, ...总之，...11. It can be concluded that...可以得出结论...12. This paper aims to explore...本文旨在探讨...13. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is that...这一现象的可能解释是...14. The results are consistent with previous research, indicating...结果与之前的研究一致，表明...15. The present study contributes to the literature by...本研究通过...对文献做出了贡献。

45个英语作文万能句式

45个英语作文万能句式1. It's no secret that...2. It goes without saying that...3. What's more,…。

4. On top of that,…。

5. I can't help but wonder…。

6. It's worth noting that…。

7. I'm of the opinion that…。

8. It's a well-known fact that…。

9. It's safe to say that…。

10. It's common knowledge that…。

11. I have a strong feeling that…。

12. It's clear to me that…。

13. I've come to the conclusion that…。

14. It's interesting to poi nt out that…。

15. I can't deny that…。

16. I've always believed that…。

17. It's my belief that…。

18. I can't shake the feeling that…。

19. It's my understanding that…。

20. I have a hunch that…。

21. It's my view that…。

22. I've always been under the impression that…。

23. It's my understanding that…。

24. I can't help but feel that…。

25. I've heard it said that…。

学术论文常用句型总结（最全面英文论文句式）

学术论文常用句型Beginning1. In this paper, we focus on the need for2. This paper proceeds as follow.3. The structure of the paper is as follows.4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on theIntroduction1. This will be followed by a deign of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered.Review1. This review is followed by an introduction.2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2.3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given.4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ...5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.Body1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance.2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic.3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.5. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time window6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the ...7. Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ¡-.. and also discusses how to evaluate system performance.8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx.10. Section 3 is a fine deion of fuzzy formulation of human decision.11. Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rules12. The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describesthe xx strategies.13. Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model.14. Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost variance investigation.15. Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx.16. Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process.17. Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3.18. Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data.19. Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model ..20. Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work.21. Section 6 illustrates the model with an example.22. Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2.23. In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole model of human DM system24. In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a ... scheme must satisfy.25. In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order dense.26. In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions.27. In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference experiments...This Section1. In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described.2. We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent results.Next Section2. The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements.3. However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section.4. The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their use.5. We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following sections.6. The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xxSummary1. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section 5.2. Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation.3. Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research.4. Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the paper.5. Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized6. The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn.7. Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.Chapter 0. Abstract1. A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables.2. This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures.3. This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx.4. The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations.5. The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision.6. The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithm.7. The usefulness of xx is also considered.8. A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.9. The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.10. A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices.11. Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified.12. The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.13. Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique.14. This paper analyses problems in15. This paper outlines the functions carried out by ...16. This paper includes an illustration of the ...17. This paper provides an overview and information useful for approaching18. Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated.19. The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx20. Our proposed model is verified through experimental study.21. The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of: xx, xx22. The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables.23. A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedure Time1. Over the course of the past 30 years, .. has emerged form intuitive2. Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial world3. The advent of ... systems for has had a significant impact on the4. The development of ... is explored5. During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of directions6.The concept of xx was investigated quite intensively in recent years7. There has been a turning point in ... methodology in accordance with the advent of ...8. A major concern in ... today is to continue to improve...9. A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena.10. At the time of this writing, there is still no standard way of xx11. Although a lot of effort is being spent on improving these weaknesses, the efficient and effective method has yet to be developed.12. The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965].13. To date, none of the methods developed is perfect and all are far from ready to be used in commercial systems.Objective / Goal / Purpose1. The purpose of the inference engine can be outlined as follows:2. The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the non experts to utilize the existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of loads, and to provide intelligent, computer aided instruction for xxx.3. The paper concerns the development of a xx4. The scope of this research lies in5. The main theme of the paper is the application of rule based decision making.6. These objectives are to be met with such thoroughness and confidence as to permit ...7. The objectives of the ... operations study are as follows:8. The primary purpose/consideration/objective of9. The ultimate goal of this concept is to provide10. The main objective of such a ... system is to11. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such probability distribution.12. In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meet the following requirements:13. In order to take advantage of their similarity14. more research is still required before final goal of ... can be completed15. In this trial, the objective is to generate...16. for the sake of concentrating on ... research issues17. A major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a recently developed procedure for the xx.18. For an illustrative purpose, four well known OR problems are studied in presence of fuzzy data: xx.19. A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches and strategies for structuring ..methods20. This illustration points out the need to specify21. The ultimate goal is both deive and preive.22. Chapter 2. Literature Review23. A wealth of information is to be found in the statistics literature, for example, regarding xx24. A considerable amount of research has been done .. during the last decade25. A great number of studies report on the treatment of uncertainties associated with xx.26. There is considerable amount of literature on planning27. However, these studies do not provide much attention to uncertainty in xx.28. Since then, the subject has been extensively explored and it is still under investigation as well inmethodological aspects as in concrete applications.29. Many research studies have been carried out on this topic.30. Problem of xx draws recently more and more attention of system analysis.31. Attempts to resolve this dilemma have resulted in the development of32. Many complex processes unfortunately, do not yield to this design procedure and have, therefore, not yet been automated.33. Most of the methods developed so far are deterministic and /or probabilistic in nature.34. The central issue in all these studies is to35. The problem of xx has been studied by other investigators, however, these studies have been based upon classical statistical approaches.36. Applied ... techniques to37. Characterized the ... system as38. Developed an algorithm to39. Developed a system called ... which40. Uses an iterative algorithm to deduce41. Emphasized the need to42. Identifies six key issues surrounding high technology43. A comprehensive study of the... has been undertaken44. Much work has been reported recently in these filed45. Proposed/Presented/State that/Described/Illustrated/Indicated/Has shown / showed/Address/Highlights46. Point out that the problem of47. A study on ...was done / developed by []48. Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only with49. The approach taken by [] is50. The system developed by [] consists51. A paper relevant to this research was published by []52. []'s model requires consideration of...53. []' model draws attention to evolution in human development54. []'s model focuses on...55. Little research has been conducted in applying ... to56. The published information that is relevant to this research...57. This study further shows that58. Their work is based on the principle of59. More history of ... can be found in xx et al. [1979].60. Studies have been completed to established61. The ...studies indicated that62. Though application of xx in the filed of xx has proliferated in recent years, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is lacking.Problem / Issue / Question63. Unfortunately, real-world engineering problems such as manufacturing planning do not fit well with this narrowly defined model. They tend to span broad activities and require consideration of multiple aspects.64. Remedy / solve / alleviate these problems67. ... is a difficult problem, yet to be adequately resolved68. Two major problems have yet to be addressed69. An unanswered question70. This problem in essence involves using x to obtain a solution.71. An additional research issue to be tackled is ....72. Some important issues in developing a ... system are discussed73. The three prime issues can be summarized:74. The situation leads to the problem of how to determine the ...75. There have been many attempts to76. It is expected to be serious barrier to77. It offers a simple solution in a limited domain for a complex。

英语作文必备万能句型摘抄带翻译

英语作文必备万能句型摘抄带翻译在英语写作中，使用一些万能句型可以使文章更流畅和有逻辑性。

下面是一些常用的英语作文必备万能句型及其翻译，希望对大家的写作有所帮助。

引言段落1.It is well-known that - 众所周知，表明一个普遍现象或观点。

2.There is no denying that - 不可否认，引入一个无法否定的观点或事实。

3.It is universally acknowledged that - 人们普遍认为，说明一种被广泛接受的看法。

4.It is widely believed that - 广泛认为，引出一种被广泛认可的观点。

5.It is generally accepted that - 人们普遍接受，强调被大多数人认同的看法。

论证段落1.For one thing，for another - 一方面，另一方面，用来列举不同的原因或观点。

2.Moreover - 而且，用于添加额外信息或强调重要性。

3.Furthermore - 此外，表示进一步补充或引申。

4.In addition - 另外，表示增加或补充附加的信息。

5.What is more - 而且，引入新的理由或事实。

结论段落1.In conclusion - 总之，总结整个论点。

2.To sum up - 总的来说，概括全文内容。

3.In a nutshell - 简言之，简明概括主要看法。

4.All in all - 总的来说，总结全文主旨。

5.In brief - 简言之，简要总结全文。

总的来说，掌握这些英语作文必备的万能句型，可以帮助我们更好地组织文章结构，增加行文的连贯性和逻辑性。

希望同学们在写作中多加利用，提升英语写作水平。

【文末】以上是英语作文必备万能句型摘抄及翻译，希望对您的写作有所帮助。

祝各位写作顺利！。

英语中作文的万能句子

1.引言句:In the realm of主题,it is widely acknowledged that观点.2.表达重要性:The significance of主题cannot be overstated,as it plays a pivotal role in相关领域或影响.3.提出问题:One of the most pressing issues in领域today is the question of how to问题.4.描述现象:A prevalent phenomenon in领域或社会is the emergence of现象,which has sparked considerable debate.5.观点对比:While some argue that观点A,others contend that观点B,highlighting the complexity of主题.6.举例说明:To illustrate this point,consider the case of例子,which exemplifies观点或现象.7.原因分析:The reasons behind现象are multifaceted,ranging from原因1to原因2.8.影响阐述:The implications of事件或现象are farreaching,affecting领域或群体in 具体方式.9.提出解决方案:To address the challenges posed by问题,it is imperative to解决方案.10.强调观点:It is crucial to recognize that观点,as it forms the cornerstone of相关领域或议题.11.总结句:In conclusion,the主题is a multidimensional issue that demands a comprehensive approach.12.展望未来:Looking ahead,the future of领域或议题hinges on our ability to行动或决策.13.呼吁行动:It is high time that we take行动to ensure that目标或愿景is achieved.14.个人观点:From my perspective,观点is not only plausible but also necessary for原因或结果.15.引用权威:As权威人士once said,引用,which underscores the importance of主题或观点.16.比较和对比:Comparing事物A with事物B reveals that while both share共同点, they differ significantly in不同点.17.强调变化:The landscape of领域has undergone a dramatic shift,with变化being a key indicator of this transformation.18.定义概念:To fully understand the implications of主题,it is essential to define相关概念as定义.19.提出假设:If we assume that假设,then it follows that结果或影响.20.结束语:Ultimately,the quest for目标或理解requires a nuanced understanding of 主题and a commitment to行动或改变.这些万能句子可以灵活运用于各种英语作文中，帮助构建有逻辑性、条理清晰的论点和论据。

英语作文模板万能句型

1.引言句型：用于文章的开头，引入主题。

It is universally acknowledged that...众所周知With the development of society,we come to realize that...随着社会的发展，我们开始意识到2.观点陈述句型：用于表达个人观点或看法。

From my perspective,I firmly believe that...在我看来，我坚信I am convinced that...我确信3.原因分析句型：用于分析某一现象或问题的原因。

There are several factors responsible for this phenomenon.有几个因素对这一现象负有责任。

The reasons for...are as follows.的原因如下。

4.举例说明句型：用于通过例子来支持论点。

A case in point is...一个恰当的例子是For instance/example,...例如，5.对比和对照句型：用于展示两个或多个事物的对比。

On the one hand,...On the other hand,...一方面，另一方面，Compared with...,...与相比，6.列举和序列句型：用于列举事物或按顺序排列观点。

First and foremost,...Additionally,...Furthermore,...首先，此外，再者，To begin with,...In addition,st but not least,...首先，其次，最后但同样重要的是，7.结论句型：用于文章的结尾，总结全文。

In conclusion,...总之，To sum up,...总结起来，8.建议和措施句型：用于提出解决问题的建议或措施。

It is high time that we put an emphasis on...我们早该强调There is an urgent need to...迫切需要9.预测未来句型：用于对未来趋势或结果进行预测。

英语议论文常用句型

英语议论文常用句型一、段首句1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。

一些人认为……There are different opinions among people as to …….Some people suggest that…….2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying……. It’s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。

首先，……；其次，……。

更为糟糕的是……。

Today，……，which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First，……Second……，What makes things worse is that……t.4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。

Nowadays，it is common to ……. Many people like……because……. Besides，…….5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。

它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and……is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……People’s opinions about ……vary from person to person. Some people say that……. To them，…….7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

英文学术论文写作常用句型

一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词+ (that) + 主词+ have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)~~~ the most + 形容词+ 名词+ (that) + 主词+ have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)Lack of interpersonal skills is one of the most serious defects that we have ever kn own about today’s college stude nts.缺乏人际交往技能是我们迄今所知的当今大学生的最大缺陷。

二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + VNothing is + more + 形容词+ than to + V例句：For parents, nothing is more important than to educate children in a proper way.没有比以一种正确方式教育孩子更重要的事情了。

三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.（再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。

）例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting celebrities’ privacy too much.我们再怎么强调保护名人隐私的也不为过。

四、There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否认的...）例句：There is no denying that the practical ity of our higher education has gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们高等教育的实用性已经每况愈下。

英语学术论文常用句型（大全）（免费）

英语学术论文常用经典句型 (1)Beginning1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is as follows. 4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts 5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined. 2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections. 3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered. Review1. This review is followed by an introduction. 2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2. 3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given. 4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ... 5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx. 6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods. Body1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance. 2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic. 3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx 4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding. 5. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time window 6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the ... 7. 7. Section 3 Section 3 describes describes the the the system system system itself itself itself in in in a a a general general general way, way, way, including including including the the the ….. ….. ….. and and and also also also discusses discusses discusses how how how to to to evaluate evaluate system performance. 8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx. 9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx. 10. Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision. 11. Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rules 12. The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies. 13. Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model. 14. Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost variance investigation. 15. Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx. 16. Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process. 17. Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3. 18. Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data. 19. Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model .. 20. Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work. 21. Section 6 illustrates the model with an example. 22. Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2. 23. In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole model of human DM system 24. In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a ... scheme must satisfy. 25. In Section 2 2 of of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order dense. 26. In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions. 27. In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference experiments... This Section1. In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described. 2. We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent results. Next Section2. 2. The The The next next next section section section describes describes describes the the the mathematics mathematics mathematics that that that goes goes goes into into into the the the computer computer computer implementation implementation implementation of of of such such such fuzzy fuzzy fuzzy logic logic statements. 3. 3. However, However, However, it it it is is is cumbersome cumbersome cumbersome for for for this this this purpose purpose purpose and and and in in in practical practical practical applications applications applications the the the formulae formulae formulae were were were rearranged rearranged rearranged and and simplified as discussed in the next section. 4. The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their use. 5. We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following sections. 6. The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xx Summary1. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section 5. 2. Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation. 3. Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research. 4. Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the paper. 5. Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized 6. The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn. 7. Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper. Chapter 0. Abstract1. A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables. 2. This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures. 3. This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx. 4. The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations. 5. The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision. 6. The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithm. 7. The usefulness of xx is also considered. 8. A brief methodology used in xx is discussed. 9. The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem. 10. A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices. 11. Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified. 12. The use of the method is discussed and an example is given. 13. 13. Results Results Results of of of an an an experimental experimental experimental applications applications applications of of of this this this xx xx xx analysis analysis analysis procedure procedure procedure are are are given given given to to to illustrate illustrate illustrate the the the proposed proposed technique. 14. This paper analyses problems in 15. This paper outlines the functions carried out by ... 16. This paper includes an illustration of the ... 17. This paper provides an overview and information useful for approaching 18. 18. Emphasis Emphasis Emphasis is is is placed placed placed on on on the the the construction construction construction of of of a a a criterion criterion criterion function function function by by by which which which the the the xx xx xx in in in achieving achieving achieving a a a hierarchical hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated. 19. The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx 20. Our proposed model is verified through experimental study. 21. The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of: xx, xx 22. The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables. 23. A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedure Chapter 1. Introduction Time 1. Over the course of the past 30 years, .. has emerged form intuitive 2. Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial world 3. The advent of ... systems for has had a significant impact on the 4. The development of ... is explored 5. During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of directions 6.The concept of xx was investigated quite intensively in recent years 7. There has been a turning point in ... methodology in accordance with the advent of ... 8. A major concern in ... today is to continue to improve... 9. A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena. 10. At the time of this writing, there is still no standard way of xx 11. Although a lot of effort is being spent on improving these weaknesses, the efficient and effective method has yet to be developed. 12. The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965]. 13. To date, none of the methods developed is perfect and all are far from ready to be used in commercial systems. 英语学术论文常用经典句型(2)Objective / Goal / Purpose 1. The purpose of the inference engine can be outlined as follows: 2. The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the non experts to utilize the existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of loads, and to provide intelligent, computer aided instruction for xxx. 3. The paper concerns the development of a xx 4. The scope of this research lies in 5. The main theme of the paper is the application of rule based decision making. 6. These objectives are to be met with such thoroughness and confidence as to permit ... 7. The objectives of the ... operations study are as follows: 8. The primary purpose/consideration/objective of 9. The ultimate goal of this concept is to provide 10. The main objective of such a ... system is to 11. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such probability distribution. 12. In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meet the following requirements: 13. In order to take advantage of their similarity 14. more research is still required before final goal of ... can be completed 15. In this trial, the objective is to generate... 16. for the sake of concentrating on ... research issues 17. A major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a recently developed procedure for the xx. 18. For an illustrative purpose, four well known OR problems are studied in presence of fuzzy data: xx. 19. A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches and strategies for structuring ..methods 20. This illustration points out the need to specify 21. The ultimate goal is both descriptive and prescriptive. 22. Chapter 2. Literature Review 23. A wealth of information is to be found in the statistics literature, for example, regarding xx 24. A considerable amount of research has been done .. during the last decade 25. A great number of studies report on the treatment of uncertainties associated with xx. 26. There is considerable amount of literature on planning 27. However, these studies do not provide much attention to uncertainty in xx. 28. Since then, the subject has been extensively explored and it is still under investigation as well in methodological aspects as in concrete applications. 29. Many research studies have been carried out on this topic. 30. Problem of xx draws recently more and more attention of system analysis. 31. Attempts to resolve this dilemma have resulted in the development of 32. Many complex processes unfortunately, do not yield to this design procedure and have, therefore, not yet been automated. 33. Most of the methods developed so far are deterministic and /or probabilistic in nature. 34. The central issue in all these studies is to 35. 35. The The The problem problem problem of of of xx xx xx has has has been been been studied studied studied by by by other other other investigators, investigators, investigators, however, however, however, these these these studies studies studies have have have been been been based based based upon upon classical statistical approaches. 36. Applied ... techniques to 37. Characterized the ... system as 38. Developed an algorithm to 39. Developed a system called ... which 40. Uses an iterative algorithm to deduce 41. Emphasized the need to 42. Identifies six key issues surrounding high technology 43. A comprehensive study of the... has been undertaken 44. Much work has been reported recently in these filed 45. Proposed/Presented/State that/Described/Illustrated/ Indicated/Has shown / showed/Address/Highlights 46. Point out that the problem of 47. A study on ...was done / developed by [] 48. Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only with 49. The approach taken by [] is 50. The system developed by [] consists 51. A paper relevant to this research was published by [] 52. []'s model requires consideration of... 53. []' model draws attention to evolution in human development 54. []'s model focuses on... 55. Little research has been conducted in applying ... to 56. The published information that is relevant to this research... 57. This study further shows that 58. Their work is based on the principle of 59. More history of ... can be found in xx et al. [1979]. 60. Studies have been completed to established 61. The ...studies indicated that 62. Though application of xx in the filed of xx has proliferated in recent years, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is lacking. Problem / Issue / Question 63. 63. Unfortunately, Unfortunately, Unfortunately, real-world real-world real-world engineering engineering engineering problems problems problems such such such as as as manufacturing manufacturing manufacturing planning planning planning do do do not not not fit fit fit well well well with with with this this narrowly defined model. They tend to span broad activities and require consideration of multiple aspects. 64. Remedy / solve / alleviate these problems 67. ... is a difficult problem, yet to be adequately resolved 68. Two major problems have yet to be addressed 69. An unanswered question 70. This problem in essence involves using x to obtain a solution. 71. An additional research issue to be tackled is .... 72. Some important issues in developing a ... system are discussed 73. The three prime issues can be summarized: 74. The situation leads to the problem of how to determine the ... 75. There have been many attempts to 76. It is expected to be serious barrier to 77. It offers a simple solution in a limited domain for a complex 1. problem.1. There are several ways to get around this problem. 2. As difficult as it seems to be, xx is by no means new. 3. The problem is to recognize xx from a design representation. 4. A xx problem can trace its roots to xx. 5. xx [1987] used a heuristic approach to simplify the complexity of the problem. 6. Several problems are associated with them. 7. Although some progress has been made in this area, at least two major obstacles must be overcome before a fully automated system can be realized. 8. Most problems in practice are complicated 9. More problem surface here. 10. Hamper effort toward a xx system 11. In order to overcome the limitations due to incomplete and imprecise xx knowledge, a xx program has been developed, which bases its knowledge upon the statistical analysis of a sample population of xx 12. The above difficulties are real challenges faced by researchers attempting to develop 13. This type of mapping raises no controversy to the issue of membership function determination. 14. However, attempts to quantify the xx have met both theoretical and empirical problems. 15. It has become apparent that in order to apply this new methodological framework to real world problems and data, we have to pay attention to the problems of xx and xx. Chapter 3. Proposed methodologyAssumption 1. In the case when the assumption of a xx seems to be too restrictive or inadequate, the formulation with Fuzzy termination time, i.e. given by a fuzzy set in the space of control stages, may be applied. 2. We assume here the fuzzy constraints to be state dependent, and the fuzzy goal to be the same for all the control states, xx, which stems from the problem's nature. 3. An approach to the solution of this problem is presented under the assumption that the sampling rate Decision can can be be be made made made prior prior prior to to to the the the execution execution execution of of of the the the experiment, experiment, experiment, as as as opposed opposed opposed to to to being being being made made made while while while the the the experiment experiment experiment is is is in in progress. 4. Another assumption made above is that there are precise odds at which the expert is indifferent. 5. Main simplifying assumptions are: 6. This, in our view, is a questionable assumption. Outline / Structure / Module1. An outline of the research 2. Information is incorporated within the scheme 3. Is built into ... structure 4. A nice modular structure. 5. The principles of ... are applied as modularized criteria Classification1. A xx system comprises three main components: 2. Must decompose the original .. into a set of .. 3. Consists of the following steps: 4. This is summarized in the following steps: 5. Can be broadly classified into the following areas: l Can be characterized by its function of effectively processing the l Can allow further breadth of application of ...into more l The following steps should be followed l xx can be classified by a different ways. l Based on the xx, one may classify xx into the following: l This catalog may change due to wear, breakage, and purchasing. Systeml Unlike many conventional program, expert systems do not usually deal with problem for which there is clearly a right or wrong answer. l The system consists of both ... and ... l The system has a hierarchical modular architecture organized on three levels. l expert system domains are area of expertise l To develop a xx system for xx, the following factors must be considered: l The system has been developed / designed to determine l The system has proven to be able to l The domain in which an expert system operates is a particular domain l The system comprises a ... with l The system is [feature-oriented ] / based on the ... technique l The system environment must be relatively stable l The system is utilized to generate, load, store, update and retrieve ... l The development of a xx system has two stages: xx stage and xx stage. l The most essential part of .. system is the ... l The successful developments in ESs have made them an important tool in the development of l An automated system was developed for 英语学术论文常用经典句型 (3)l In this case, the system can be considered to be generative. l An interactive automatic ... system l A .. is commonly thought of as a truly integrated .. system l Should be capable of being generated from a ... system l xx is an important part of the integrated system. l The model model consists consists consists of of of four four four rule rule rule bases, bases, bases, each each each of of of which which which addresses addresses addresses a a a separate separate separate problem problem problem in in in the the the hierarchy hierarchy hierarchy of of scheduling decision. l The rule bases are linked to each other in a chin like manner in the sense that the consequent of one rule base constitutes a part of the antecedent of the next rule base. l The rule base consists of all possible combinations of the linguistic terms associated with the linguistic variable of the antecedent of a rule. Computer Systeml The system system has has has been been been implemented implemented implemented using using using Prolog Prolog Prolog language language language in in in an an an MS MS MS DOS DOS DOS environment. environment. environment. Prolog Prolog Prolog was was was chosen chosen because it offers a well known and flexible environment in which fuzzy reasoning may be easily implemented. l The current version of the xx program when compiled with WA TFOR77 result s in an executable code of about 270K bytes. Typical run time, when run on a XX computer (an IBM compatible machine) operating at 4.77 Mhz with 640K RAM, ranges from 10 min to 2h, depending on the size (or complexity) of the problem. l Time Time consuming consuming procedures have have been been been implemented implemented in in C C C language language and and directly directly directly linked linked to to the the the Prolog Prolog environment. l The xx process, once the xx's data has been entered, requires approximately 180 seconds. l It should be noted that the computation was done with a 20 Hhz, 80386 209;based microcomputer equipped with a 80387 math co processor. l The computer computer programs programs programs used used used for for for the the the analyses, analyses, analyses, one one one based based based on on on the the the xx xx xx method method method and and and the the the other based other based on on the the the new new method, were written in FORTRAN with a compiler that supports the math co processor. l Lisp, Prolog give maximum flexibility but also maximizes development time. l Internal representation is the way a model is represented in the computer. l An interactive menu-driven procedure is used in this study l Shell can be develop very fast at the cost of time fairly severe limitations. l While there is no measurable saving of time for the case involving five criteria, the saving is dramatic for the case involving 10 criteria -- the computation time reduces from 10 hr 40 min to about 1 min. l This combination combination is is is being being being implemented implemented implemented in in in an an an objected objected objected oriented oriented oriented programming programming programming environment environment environment (Smalltalk (Smalltalk (Smalltalk 80 80 system) to solve problems encountered in construction xxx. Method / Approach / Study / Process Model / Equation /Algorithm / Rule / Formula / Techniquel A discussion is presented of a problem-solving system l To improve the efficiency of the method, the following approach may be applied. l In order to an investigation was made to find the causes of the l Although large collections of rules and equations have been complied, none are generally accepted l This approach will be explained and discussed thoroughly in the body of the report. l This can be accomplished by l This algorithm to compute the total cost can be described step by step as follows: l The above preliminary analysis has provided important information l Various methods have been proposed for selecting an optimum... l These concepts have been applied to l On the basis of the concept mentioned above, l This can be achieved by l This fact suggests that a new concept l This was accomplished by taking ... l The preparatory stage is very time consuming process. l Test are performed for validity, completeness, and compatibility l There is little hope of achieving successful ... l There has has been been been an an an increasing increasing increasing awareness awareness awareness of of of the the the potential potential potential of of of using using using most ..so most ..so far far made made made have have have not not not taken taken taken this this approach, with the exception of l Only a few studies can be found. l It is a very tedious process to go through l It is only when .. has been completed that .. may be effected l The entire interpretation process is conducted in one's head. l These approaches are sometimes very tedious. l Several techniques can be used l A polynomial parametric model can be written as [the following]/[follows]: l A xx model is constructed/formulated using xx. l A xx model represents an xx by its xx. l A process decision model captures the logic essential to l From the equation above, xx is equal to the summation of xx times the ... l The validity of a xx model can be checked using Euler's formula. l Given a model, one can mathematically determine whether ... or ... l Equations for xx need to be derived and implemented in the system. l A number of heuristic rules have been developed for l Optimum .. techniques can be made more reliable by ... so that l An algorithm based on the characteristic ... is used to determine l Euler's formula states the following: l The completed model should agree with the formula. l For manufacturing purposes, a detailed and precise model of the object is necessary l Engineering design models are very well defined; therefore, To keep the domain narrow enough to be implementable, yet wide enough to be useful. Point of View l from an implementation standpoint, l From the point of view of this application, l From this point of view, Zadeh suggested an inference rule named xxx (CRI for short). l Information is the meaningful interpretation and correlation of some aggregation of data in order to allow one to make decisions. l From a a practical practical practical point point point of of of view, view, view, the the the computational computational computational aspects aspects aspects of of of an an an FLC FLC FLC require require require a a a simplification simplification simplification of of of the the the fuzzy fuzzy control algorithm. l The use of a hammer to insert screws, although partly effective, tends to distort, destroy, and generally defeat the purpose of using a screw [Kusiak AI Implications for CIM p.129] Justificationl We choose the so called xx in our experiment because it has received wide acceptance and can l Prolog was chosen because it offers a well known and flexible environment in which fuzzy reasoning may be easily implemented. l The rationale behind this is that it can be much easier for an estimator to rate a cost as high than to attempt to place a dollar value on the estimate. l This strategy has been widely used in fuzzy control applications since it is natural and easy to implement. l A function function definition definition definition expresses expresses expresses the the the membership membership membership function of function of a fuzzy set set in in in a a a functional functional functional form, form, form, typically typically typically a a a bell bell shaped function, etc. Such functions are used in FLC because they lead themselves to manipulation through the use of fuzzy arithmetic. l It should be noted that in our daily life most of the information on which our decisions are based is linguistic rather than numerical in nature. Seen in this perspective, fuzzy control rules provide a natural framework for the characterization of human behavior and decisions analysis. l Many experts have found that fuzzy control rules provide a convenient way to express their domain knowledge. This explains why most FLCs are based on the knowledge and experience which are expressed in the language of fuzzy "if the" rule. 。

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常见论文写作句型1.序言1)表示论文目的The purpose of this study is ...This study provides ...This paper attempts to ...I would like to examine ...[常见词汇] investigate, show, consider, examine, demonstrate, prove, analyze, explain, solve, answer the question of, propose, formulate, argue, discuss, develop2)排除本文暂且不研究的领域We are not concerned with ...This is not my concern ...It is not my purpose to ...I limit the discussion of ...It is beyond the scope of this paper to ...We do not deal here with ...2.相关工作，前期研究1)前期工作回顾Other studies have concluded that ...Most studies have not focused on ...Recent investigations have demonstrated that ...The major result from resent studies has been that ...It had been proposed (demonstrated, shown) that ...2)前期工作中未涉及之处Little is known about ...the question of ... is still open.It is not clear ...No speculation has taken placeThere seems to be little ...3)引用前期工作人名states that ...人名's theory appears ...Their hypothesis is that ...人名examined (analyzed, argues, argues against) ...人名applied Bill's theory to his investigation of ...His paper confronts ...Her paper resolves around ...It is clearly shown in 人名's investigation that ...The information presented in 人名's paper is based on ...The data cited in this paper is taken from ...Before we describe ..., We address…I would like to make a few remarks before turning to ...[]summary, excerpt, recapitulation, synopsis4)前期工作评价The term merit careful consideration.Before we show ..., it will be useful to discuss ...The information is seen to be of use to ...The data in this research are of great value to ...人名's experiments serve to strengthen ...The methodology used in his study is also helpful (useful) to us in conducting our research.3.正文1)Introduction(a)提出问题The question we have to ask (consider, answer, solve) here is ...人名is concerned with ...What we are concerned with...The ... at issue (in question) is...The problem is one of ...ingCentral to this issue is ...This is the central problem of ...I should point out that ...The second point that requires clarification is ...The point about(concerning, as regards) ... is that...The third point to make (we must clarify here is) ...What has been demonstrated in ... is that...What is shown here is that...(b)提出观点Consider now ...Let us consider (for a moment )...On the theoretical side,...As to (As for) the psychological analysis,...From the standpoint (viewpoint) of...,In the light of ...(c)给出定义We can define AAA as BBB.We use AAA as BBBI am using this term to refer to...By AAA, 人名gaya means...Here, AAA represents (stand for, abbreviate 略する) BBB(d)说明情况This was the state of affairs (the status quo) in...It was under these circumstances that...(e)表明采用的方法The following approach was employed (used) in...We used the following procedures in ...The data to be discussed blow were collected in the following way.(f)提出假设We can posit three hypotheses as follows.A consideration of precious tests inspired (produced) the following hypothesesTo take a hypothetical example, ...Let us suppose that ...Imagine,...Given that ...,It may be presumed that ...It is reasonable to suppose that ...It seemed reasonable to think that ...We can conjecture that ...If it could be shown that ...人名assumes that ...Basic to the argument is the assumption that ...What they supposed was that ...On the assumption that ...,we conclude that ...If we adopt the theory, ...Those who assent to this hypothesis might conclude that ...His view rest on the idea that ...(g)开始分析Let us begin (start) our analysis by ...ing.As a beginning I would like to examine ...The first question we have to ask (we must raise) is ...The first point to be discussed (considered) is ...The next argument concerns (deals with) ...2)展开主旨(a)比较不同点The analysis is different from ours in that...There seems to be a slight difference on (between) ...His approach differs from others in that ...(b)比较共同点They share certain similarities in that ...Wilson's solution is similar to (is alike to, resembles) 人名's in that ...Two approaches are exactly alike.[常见词汇]same, equal, equivalent, tantamount(c)比较两者之间的关系The issue of ... is not irrelevant to …AAA has much to do with BBBThere is a close relation between ...[常见词汇] be related to/with, have/bear a relation to, have relationship to/with, have something to do with, be connected with(d)表明因果关系... is due to ...Because of ...... leads to ...... result in ...(e)表明必要性We need to incorporate...Reexamination is requiredTable A is requisite for ....It is essential/ indispensable toIt is imperative that ...(f)指明基础The reason why ... is that ...We have good reason for ...Since ...,Based on our analysis, we ...On the grounds that ...Evidence that ... can be seen in ...(g)给出解释Lander interprets this result as ...The results means that ...In my understanding,...(h)提起注意Note...It should be noted that ...It is worth noting that ...The important point to note is that ...I would like to focus attention on ...We must pay(draw) attention to ...(i)强调The important part of this argument is that...What is significant in this argument is that...It is important to (of great significance that)...I would like to emphasize (stress, put/lay emphasis on ) ...It should be emphasized that ...It is .. that should be ...(j)举例To take an example(a case, a illustration) ...As Emmet point out(is demonstrated), ...To barrow an argument from Karl, ...人名present a wealth of detailed evidence for ...[常见词汇] present, provide, give + idea, analysis, argument, proof, observation (k)话题转换Turning now to ..., we find that ...The problem of ... brings us to ...Before ..., I would like to make certain that ...Mike then change the direction of his argument,Switching our attention to ...rather than dealing directly with ...As an alternative to ...,(l)图表说明We see from Table II that ...A glance at Chart 2 will reveal that ...If we look at table 4 we will see that ...By studying the graph on page 3 we can get a sense(分かる) of ...Table 2 shows (that) ...The graph in Figure 1 illustrates(demonstrates) ...Table 1 constitutes ...The results appear in Table IV.The different typologies are represented(are set out, are plotted, are shown,are expressed) in figure 13.1The shifting pattern is made clear in the following table.3)表示反对(a)表示疑问I find it dubious that ...[表示疑问的词汇] dubious, apt to cause misunderstanding, unsound to claim, a mistake to regardDole is wrong when he assumes(in assuming that) ...[表示错误的词汇]an error, a fallacy, wrong, falsity, false, incorrect, erroneous, mistaken, untrue, fallacious, inaccurate, pointless, untruthfulIt is not clear from Morgan's report whether ...The result of this experiment is obscured by ...Buchanan is argued against 人名that ...(b)否定There is no reason to think that ...It cannot reasonably be assumed that ...It is practically unthinkable that ...It cannot plausibly be argued that ...Kazz opposed (reject, criticize) ...He has attacked (came under fire from) ...We encounter difficulties when ...It would be difficult to...It is not enough (sufficient, satisfactory, adequate) to..4)表示赞同(a)表示，表明The fact that ... suggests that ...I would suggest (imply, hint at 名詞) that ...Dole implies that ...These observations may appear ...(b)推测The primary consider in ... should be ...must be ..., ought to be ..., cannot be ..., may/might,could have been…for such conjectures/presumption/speculation), ...The result leads to our presumption that ...(c)表示合理It is reasonable to suppose(think) that ...It is safe (correct) to say ...A more credible (feasible, plausible) hypothesis is ...It is appropriated (proper) toIt is likely (probable) that... It is clear that...That ... is self-evident[表示明确的词汇]clear, certain, obvious, apparent, evident, manifest, positive(d)表示让步Whereas I recognize the importance of ..., it seem to me that ...Although I acknowledge that ...,it seem to me that ...It is true that ..., but in my opinion he is ...Admittedly..., nonetheless I would suggest that ...I anticipate some objections to my methodology from ...Those who are committed to a certain view of ... are unlikely to be swayed by any of the above arguments.(e)提出议案We suggest (propose, offer, make the suggestion, make the proposal) that ...Alternatively, it could be argued that ...One might make the case that ...(f)表采用We will adopt hypothesis 3.(g)追加论点A further important point is ...Another significant aspect of ... is ...I would want to go further and claim that ...Something else to be borne in mind here is ...It should be added that ...[表示追加的词]In addition to, furthermore, besides, likewise, similarly, in the same way4. 与总结相关的1)结论So far we have outlined ...The essential points of my argument have been expressed in the preceding pages.Up to this point I have presented an overview of ...Up to here we have given a condensed account of ...In the preceding argument I have summarized ...to put it briefly[与briefly意思相反的词汇] concisely, more concretely, more accurately [表主张] proposal, assertion, claimTo sum up the major characteristics of ...So, to summarize, ....... can be summarized by saying that ....The main point of .....'s book, in short , is ....2)摘要(a)表明主旨In this paper the question is dressed...In this monograph I set out my reasons forIn this paper ... is described/ explored/ studied.The purpose of this study is...This study compared...This paper summarizes ....This work set out to investigate ...(b)介绍结构In the first part of this paperIn the Second section of this reviewIn the opening paragraphsIn the early part of my study,First... Second... Third...(c)给出理论背景及方法论I used ...'s theory to examine ...In my analysis I rely considerably on ...My argument is indebted in ...I am turning around the argument made by ....(d)给出结论In conclusion, ...The result of our experiment clearly shows that ...In this study the main stress falls on (...にある) ...In the course of my argument it should have become clear that ... ...'s central thesis is that ...In this book the author's principal aim is ...。