2000年考研英语真题及解析。
2000年考研英语真题答案及解析
2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析PartⅠCloze Test1.C2.A3.B4.A5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C10.DPartⅡReading ComprehensionPassage111.C12.D13.B14.APassage215.C16.B17.A18.DPassage319.B20.A21.C22.DPassage423.B24.D25.C26.APassage527.A28.C29.D30.BPartⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation31.在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的集中控制措施，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。
32.再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。
33.大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想。
由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。
34.在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。
35.由于人口的猛增或人口的大量流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
SectionⅣWriting(15points)36.见分析PartⅠClose Test一、文章总体分析本文是一篇短小的论证性文章，其主题是强调农民储存余粮的必要性。
文章①句提出论点：农民想成功，就必须努力保持消费和生产之间有较大的差距。
②句对①句进行具体的解释：即他必须存储大量的粮食。
③④⑤从正面论述储存余粮的必要性：③句总说可以养家糊口；④⑤句具体说可以留作播种、应对恶劣天气影响及作为商品卖掉以满足农业再生产等需要。
⑥⑦⑧句论述没有余粮的危害:不能自给自足，从反面论证储存余粮的必要性。
二、试题具体解析1.\[A\]other than不同于，除了……[B]as well as也，又（表示附加）[C]instead of而不是……（表选择）[D]more than比……更多（表比较）本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。
2000年全国硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题及答案
2000年全国硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题及答案Part I Structure and Vocabula rySectio n ADirections:Beneath each of the follo wing se nte nces, there are fo ur choices marked［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］,Choose the o ne tha t best comple tes the se ntence. Ma rk yo ur a nswer o n ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackets with a pencil.(5point)1.As I'll be a way for at least a year, I'd appreciate____from you no w a nd then telling me ho w eve ryone is getting along.［A］hearing［B］to hear［C］to be hearing［D］having heard2.Grea tly agita ted, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, ___ to find it locked. ［A］just ［B］only［C］hence ［D］thus3.Docto rs see a co nnection betwee n increase a mounts of leisure time spe nt___ a nd the increased number of cases o f skin cance r.［A］to sunba the ［B］to have sunbathed［C］having sunbathed［D］sunba thing4.U nless you sig n a contract with the insura nce co mpany fo r your goods, you a re no t entitled____ a repayme nt fo r the goods damaged in delive ry.［A］to［B］with［C］for ［D］on5.On a rainy day I was driving north throug h Ve rmo nt____ I notic ed a yo ung ma n holding up a sig n reading "Boston".［A］which ［B］where［C］whe n ［D］tha t6.Christie stared ang rily a t her boos a nd turned a way, as tho ugh____ o ut o f the o ffice.［A］we nt ［B］go ne［C］to go ［D］wo uld go7.The roles e xpected___ old people in such a se tting give too fe w psychological satisfactions for normal happiness.［A］of ［B］o n［C］to［D］with8.Talk to a nyone in the drug ind ustry,____ you'll soon discover that the scie nce o f genetics is the biggest thing to hit d rug research since penicillin was discovered.［A］or ［B］a nd［C］for ［D］so9.It wasn't so much tha t I disliked he r___ tha t I just wasn't interested in the whole business.［A］ra the r ［B］so［C］than ［D］as10.Co untless divo uced politicia ns wo uld have been elected o ut o f o ffice years ago had they eve n tho ught of a divouce, le t alo ne___ o ne.［A］getting ［B］to ge t［C］go tte n ［D］ge tSectio n BDirections:Each o f the follo wing sente nces has fo ur unde rlined parts ma rked［A］，［B］［C］，and ［D］.Identify the part o f the se ntence tha t is inco rrect and ma rk yo ur a nswe r o n ANSWER SHEET1 by blackening the corresponding lette r in the b rackets with a pencil.(5points)11 Having isolated on a re mote isla nd, with little work to occupy the m, the soldie rsA B Csuffered from boredom a nd lo w spirits.C12 If the le tter to be mailed was placed o n the writing table a n ho ur ago, it is ce rtainA B Cbeing there now.D13 The ruling party co uld eve n lose its majority in the lo wer ho use o f parlia ment, started aA B Cperiod of p rolonged struggling.D14 The mecha nisms a t wo rk are ma nifest in the te ndency for such physical activity to utilizeA B Cthe po tential harmful constituents o f the stress respo nse.D15 In the long run, ho weve r, this hurry to shed full time staff may be more harmful toA B Cind ustry as it is to the workfo rce.D16 See to it tha t you include in the e xamina tion paper wha tever questio ns they didn t kno wA B Cthe a nswer last time.D17 Most ne wspapers, while devo ting the major part o f its space to recent events, usuallyA Bmanage to find room on the inside pages for articles o n so me inte resting topics.C D18 One sig n by which you a re making p rogress in an a rt such as painting orphotog raphy isA Bthat yo u begin to realize ho w much the re is to learn.C D19 The ideal liste ner stays bo th inside a nd o utside the music a t the mome nt it is played andAenjoying it almost as much as the co mposer a t the mome nt he composes.B C D20 Continued e xposure to stress has been linked to wo rsened functio ning of the immuneA Bsystem, leaving a perso n more liable fo r infectio n.C DSectio n CDirections:Beneath each o f the follo wing se ntences, the re fo ur choices marked［A］，［B］，［C］and［D］.Choose the o ne that best comple tes the se ntenec. Ma rk yo ur answe r o n ANSWER SH EET 1 by blacke ning the corresponding le tter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)21.He spoke so___ that even his opponents were wo n ove r by his arg ume nts.［A］bluntly ［B］co nvincingly［C］e mpha tically ［D］de terminedly22.France's ____o f nuclear testing in the So uth Pacific last month trigg ered political debates and mass demo nstra tio ns.［A］assumptio n ［B］co nsump tio n［C］p resump tion ［D］resump tio n23.T he 215-page ma nuscrip t, circulated to p ublishers last October,____ a n outb urst o f interest.［A］fla red ［B］glittered［C］sparked［D］flashed24.His effo rts to bring abo ut a reco ncilia tio n betwee n the two Pa rties_____.［A］came o ff ［B］ca me o n［C］ca me round［D］ca me do wn25.T he syste m was redesigned to emb race the ne two rk a nd eventually____ it in a profitable directio n.［A］adapt ［B］control［C］install ［D］steer26.T he capital inte nded to b roaden the expo rt base a nd____efficiency gains from interna tio nal trade was cha nneled instead into unecono mic import substitution.［A］secure ［B］e xte nd［C］de fend［D］possess27.It is anno unced that a walle t has been fo und a nd ca n be____ at the ma nager's o ffice. ［A］declared ［B］obtained［C］reclaimed［D］recognized28.Whe n I___ my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grand ma bending over me.［A］woke up ［B］took to［C］picked up［D］ca me to29.T he America n socie ty is___ an exceedingly shaky founda tion of na tural reso urces, which is connected with the possibility of a wo rse ning e nvironment.［A］established o n ［B］a ffilia ted to［C］o riginated fro m ［D］incorpora ted with30.I am not_____ with my roomma te but I have to sha re the room with her, because I have no where else to live.［A］concerned［B］co mpatible［C］co nsidera te［D］complied31.At first, the____ o f colo r pictures over a long dista nce seemed impossible, b ut, with painstaking effo rts a nd a t grea t expe nse, it became a reality.［A］transactio n ［B］transmission［C］transfo rma tio n ［D］tra nsitio n32.Whe n the committee_____ to de tails, the proposed pla n see med impractical.［A］got down ［B］se t about［C］we nt o ff ［D］ca me up33.____to so me pa rts o f So uth America is still d ifficult, because parts of the contine nt are still covered with thick forests.［A］Orie ntatio n ［B］Access［C］Procession ［D］Voyage34.Mr Smith had an unusual_____: he was first a n office cle rk, the a sailor, a nd ended up as a school teacher.［A］professio n ［B］occupation［C］positio n [D］ca reer35.T he mayor is a woma n with g reat____ a nd there fo re deserves our political and financial support.［A］inte ntion ［B］instinct［C］integrity ［D］inte nsity36.T he English wea the r defies forecast a nd he nce is a so urce o f inte res t____ to eve ryone. ［A］specula tion ［B］attrib ution［C］utiliza tio n ［D］propositio n37.T he fact tha t the golden eagle usually builds its nest o n so me hig h cliffs___ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the yo ung birds.［A］re nders ［B］reckons［C］regards ［D］rela tes38.To imp ress a future e mployer, one should dress neatly be____, a nd display in the job.［A］swift ［B］instant［C］timely ［D］p unctual39.You don't have to install this radio in yo ur ne w car, it's a n_____ e xtra.［A］excessive［B］op tio nal［C］additional ［D］a rbitra ry40.We we re pleased to no te tha t the ea rly mo rning delive ry didn't______ to the traffic jam of the busy city.［A］aid ［B］a mo unt［C］add［D］attrib utePartⅡClo ze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in follo wing passage, the re a re fo ur choices ma rked［A］,［B］,［C］a nd［D］.Choose the best o ne a nd mark your answe r o n ANSW ER SHEET 1 by blackening the co rresponding le tte r in the b rackets with a pe ncil.(10 points)If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap be tween his consumptio n and his prod uction. He must store a la rge q uantity o f g rain 41 consuming all his grain immediately. He can co ntinue to suppo rt himself and his family 42 he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed fo r so wing, as a n insurance43 the unpredictable e ffects o f bad weather a nd as a co mmodity which he must sell in orde r to 44 old ag ricultural impleme nts a nd ob tain chemical fertilizers to 45 the soil. He may also need mo ney to co nstruct irrigation 46 a nd imp rove his fa rm in o the r ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer canno t be 47 . He must eithe r sell some o f his property o r 48 e xtra funds in the from o f loans. Naturally he will try to borro w money a t a lo w 49 o f interest, but loans o f this kind are not 50 ob tainable.41.［A］o the r tha n ［B］as well as ［C］instead of ［D］more than42.［A］only if ［B］much as ［C］long befo re［D］ever since43.［A］for ［B］against ［C］suppleme nt ［D］dispose44.［A］replace［B］p urchase［C］suppleme nt ［D］dispose45.［A］enha nce［B］mix ［C］feed ［D］raise46.［A］vessels ［B］routes ［C］pa ths ［D］cha nnels47.［A］self-co nfident ［B］self-sufficie nt［C］self-satisfied ［D］self-restrained48.［A］search ［B］save［C］o ffer ［D］seek49.［A］proportio n ［B］pe rcentage ［C］ra te［D］ra tio50.［A］genuinely ［B］obvio usly［C］presumably ［D］freq uentlyPart ⅢReading Comp rehe nsio nDirections:Each o f the passages below is follo wed by so me q uestio ns. For each questio n there are four answe rs marked［A］，［B］［C］and［D］.Read the passages carefully a nd choosethe best answe r to each of the questio ns. The n ma rk yo ur answe r on ANSW ER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding le tter in the bracke ts with a pencil.(40points)Passage 1A histo ry o f lo ng a nd e ffortless success can be a dread ful ha ndicap, b ut, if p roperly handled, it may become a driving force. W he n the U nited Sta tes e ntered just such a glowing period a fter the end o f the Second World Wa r, it had a ma rket eig ht ties la rger than any co mpetitor, giving its industries unparalleled econo mies o f scale. Its scie ntists we re the wo rld's best, its wo rke rs the most skilled. America and America ns were prosperous beyond the dreams o f the Europeans a nd Asia ns whose economies the wa r had destroyed.It was inevitable that this p rimacy sho uld have narro wed as o the r countries gre w richer. Just as inevitably, the re trea t from p redominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had fo und themselves at a loss ove r their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge Ame rican ind ustries, such as consumer electro nics, had shrunk or vanished in the face o f foreig n compe tition. By 1987 there was only one Ame rican televisio n maker left, Ze nith.(No w the re is no ne: Zenith was boug ht by So uth Ko rea's LG Electro nics in July.)Fo reign-made cars and te xtiles were sweeping into the do mestic marke t America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as tho ugh the making o f semicond uctors, which America had which sat a t the hea rt of the new co mpute r age, was going to be the ne xt casualty.All o f this caused a crisis o f confide nce. America ns stopped taking p rosperity for g ra nte d. They began to believe that their way o f doing b usiness was failing, a nd tha t their incomes wo uld there fore sho rtly begin to fall as well. T he mid-1980s bro ught o ne inq uiry a fter anothe r into the ca uses of America's industrial decline. Their some times se nsatio nal findings we re filled with warnings about the gro wing co mpetition fro m overseas.How things have cha nged! In 1995 the U nited Sta tes ca n look back on five years o f solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Fe w Ame rica ns a ttribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning o f the business cycle. Self-doub t has yielded to blind p ride." Ame rican ind ustry has cha nged its structure, has gone o n a die t, has learnt to be more q uick-witted," according to Richard Cava nagh, e xe cutive dean o f Harvard's Ke nnedy School o f Government," It makes me p roud to be a n America n just to see ho w o ur b usinesses a re imp roving their p roductivity, says Stephe n Moore o f the Ca to Institute, a think-ta nk in Washing ton, D C. And W illia m Sahlma n o f the Harva rd Business School believes tha t people will look back o n this period as" a golden age of business manageme nt in the U nited Sta tes."51.T he U.S.achieved its p redominance a fte r World Wa r Ⅱbecause_____ .［A］it had made painstaking effo rts to wa rds this goal［B］its domestic marke t was eig ht times large r than be fore［C］the wa r had destroyed the econo mies of most po tential compe titors［D］the unparalleled size o f its workforce had give n a n impetus to its econo my52.T he loss o f U.S. p redominance in the wo rld econo my in the 1980s is manifested in the fact tha t the America n_____ .［A］TV ind ustry had withdra wn to its domestic marke t［B］semico nducto r ind ustry had been taken over by fo reign e nterp rises［C］machine-tool ind ustry had collapsed a fter suicidal actions［D］auto ind ustry had lost part of its domestic ma rket53.Wha t can be infe rred fro m the passage?［A］It is huma n na ture to shift betwee n self-doub t and blind p ried.［B］Inte nse compe titio n may contrib ute to eco nomic p rogress.［C］The revival o f the econo my depends o n inte rna tio nal cooperatio n.［D］A lo ng histo ry of success may pave the way fo r furthe r development.54.T he author see ms to believe the revival o f the U.S. econo my in the 1990s can be attrib uted to the____ .［A］turning o f the business cycle［B］restruc turing o f ind ustry［C］improved business ma nagement［D］success in ed ucatio nPassage 2Being a man has always been da ngerous. T here a re abo ut 105 males born for eve ry 100 females, but this ra tio drops to near balance a t the age o f ma turity, a nd a mong 70-year-olds the re a re twice as ma ny wome n as me n. But the g reat universal o f male mortality is being changed. No w, by babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, fo r the first time, the re will be an e xcess o f boys in those crucial years whe n the are searching fo r a ma te. More important, ano ther cha nce fo r na tural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the cha nce o f a baby(particula rly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weig ht. A kilog ram too lig ht o r too heavy mea nt almost ce rtain death. Today it makes almost no differe nce. Since much of the va riation is due to genes one more agent o f evolutio n has gone.There is ano ther way to commit evolutiona ry suicide: stay alive, b ut have fe wer child ren. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Excep t in some religious communities, ve ry fe w wo men has 15 childre n. Nowadays the number o f births, like the age of dea th, has become average. Most o f us have ro ughly the same number o f offsp ring. Again, differe nces betwee n people and the opportunity for na tura l selectio n to take advantage o f it have diminished. India sho ws what is happening. The co untry o ffers wealth fo r a fe w in the g reat cities a nd poverty for the re maining tribal peoples. The g ra nd mediocrity o f today everyone being the same in survival a nd number of o ffspring mea ns tha t natural selectio n has lost 80% of its po wer in upper-middle-class India compa red to the tribes.For us, this mea ns that evolutio n is over; the biological U topia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little p hysical change No o ther species fills so ma ny places in nature. But in the pass 100,000 years even the pass 100year o ur lives have been transfo rmed but our bodies have no t. We did no t evolve, because machines a nd socie ty did it for us. Da rwin had a phrase to describe those igno rant o f evolutio n: they "look at a n o rganic being as average looks at a ship, as a t some thing wholly beyond his co mpre hension." No do ubt we will reme mber a 20th ce ntury way o f life beyond comp rehe nsio n fo r its ugliness. Butho wever a mazed o ur desce ndants may be at ho w fa r from U topia we we re, they will look just like us.55.Wha t used to be the danger in being a ma n acco rding to the first paragrap h?［A］A lack o f ma tes.［B］A fierce co mpetition.［C］A lo we r survival ra te.［D］A de fective gene.56.Wha t does the e xample o f India illustra te?［A］Wealthy people tend to have fe wer child ren than poor people.［B］Natural selectio n ha rdly wo rks amo ng the rich and the poor.［C］The middle class popula tio n is 80% smaller than that o f the tribes.［D］India is o ne o f the countries with a very hig h birth ra te.57.T he a uthor arg ues tha t o ur bodies have stopped evolving beca use____ .［A］life has bee n imp roved by technological advance［B］the number of fe male babies has bee n declining［C］o ur species has reached the hig hest stage o f evolutio n［D］the diffe rence betwee n wealth and poverty is disappearing58.Which o f the follo wing wo uld be the best title for the passage?［A］Sex Ra tio n Cha nges in H uman Evolutio n［B］Ways o f Co ntinuing Ma n's Evolutio n［C］The Evolutio nary Future o f Nature［D］Human Evolutio n Going No whe rePassage 3Whe n a ne w move ment in art a ttains a certain fashio n, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, fo r, howeve r farfe tched a nd unreasonable their p rinciples may seem today, it is possible tha t i n yea rs to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, ho wever, the case is ra ther difficult, for wha tever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theo ry o n which it is based may be right, it can hardly be classed as Litera ture.This, in brie f, is wha t the Futurist says; for a noise a nd violence and speed. Co nseque ntly, our feelings, thoug hts a nd e mo tions have undergone a co rrespo nding change. T his speeding up o f life, says the Futurist, requires a ne w form o f e xpressio n. We must speed up our lite rature too, if we want to interp ret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream o f essential wo rds, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, o f finite verbs. Instead of describing so unds we must make up wo rds tha t imita te the m; we must use many sizes of type and differe nt colored inks on the sa me page, and sho rten o r le ng the n wo rds a t will.Ce rtainly their descrip tio ns of ba ttles are co nfused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explana tory notes tha t a ce rtain line describes a fig ht be tween a Turkish and a Bulgaria n officer o n a b ridge o ff which they both fall into the river a nd the n to find that the line consists of the noise o f their falling and the weig hts o f the officers:` Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eig hty-five kilogra ms.'This, tho ug h it fulfills the la ws a nd req uireme nts o f Futurist poetry, ca n hardly be classed as Litera ture. All the sa me, no thinking ma n ca n refuse to accep t their first p roposition: that a g reat cha nge in our e motional life calls for a cha nge o f e xpressio n. The whole questio n is really this: have we esse ntially cha nged?59.T his passage is mainly____ .［A］a survey o f ne w approaches to art［B］a review o f Futurist poetry［C］about merits o f the Futurist movement［D］about la ws and req uireme nts o f litera ture60.Whe n a novel litera ry idea appers, people should try to_____ .［A］determine its p urposes［B］igno re its fla ws［C］follo w the ne w fashio ns［D］accept the p rinciples61.Futurists claim tha t we must____ .［A］increase the p roductio n of lite rature［B］use poetry to relieve modern stress［C］develop ne w modes o f exp ression［D］avoid using adjectives and verbs62.T he a uthor believes that Futurist poetry is_____ .［A］based on reasonable principles［B］ne w and acceptable to ordinary people［C］indica tive o f basic cha nge in huma n na ture［D］more of a tra nsie nt p heno meno n tha n litera turePassage 4Aimlessness has ha rdly been typical o f the postwar Japan whose productivity a nd social harmony a re the e nvy o f the U nited Sta tes a nd Europe. But increasingly the Japa nese a re seeing a decline o f the traditio nal wo rk-mo ral values. Ten years ago young people were hard wo rking a nd sa w their jobs as their prima ry reason fo r being, b ut no w Japan has largely fulfilled its eco nomic needs, a nd young people don't kno w whe re they shoul d go ne xt.The co ming o f age o f the postwa r baby boom a nd a n entry o f wome n into the male-domina ted job ma rket have limited the opportunities o f tee n-agers who a re already questio ning the heavy perso nal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools a nd jobs. In a recent survey, it was fo und that only 24.5 perce nt o f Japanese students were fully sa tisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 pe rcent o f students in the United Sta tes. In addition, fa r mo re Japanese wo rkers e xp ress ed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their co unte rparts in the10 othe r co untries surveyed.While o ften p raised by foreig ners fo r its emp hasis o n the basics, Japanese ed ucatio n tends to stress test taking a nd mecha nical learning over crea tivity a nd self-e xp ression." Those things that do no t sho w up in the test scores pe rsonality, ability, courage orhuma nity a re comple tely ig nored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman o f the ruling Liberal Democra tic Pa rty's educa tion committee." Frustra tion against this ki nd o f thing leads kids to drop out a nd run wild." Last year Japa n expe rienced2,125 incide nts o f school violence, including929 assaults o n teache rs. Amid the o utcry, ma ny conse rva tive leaders are seeking a re turn to the p rewa r emp hasis on moral educa tio n. Last year Mitsuo Se toyama, who was then educa tion ministe r, raised eyebrows when he a rgued that liberal re forms introduced by the Ame rican occupa tion a uthorities a fter World WarⅡhad weakened the "Japanese mo rality o f respect fo r pa rents."But tha t may have more to do with Japa nese life-stvles." In Japan," says educa tor Yoko Muro, "it's never a questio n of whe the r you e njoy your job a nd your life, b ut only ho w much yo u ca n end ure." W ith econo mic gro wth has come ce ntraliza tio n; fully 76 perce nt o f Japan's 119 million citize ns live in cities where co mmunity and the e xte nded fa mily have been abando ned in favor o f isolated, two ge nera tio n ho useholds. U rban Japanese have long e ndured leng thy co mmutes(travels to a nd from wo rk)a nd cro wded living conditions, but as the old gro up a nd family values weake n, the disco mfo rt is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divo rce ra te, while still we ll belo w tha t o f the U nited States, has increased by more tha n 50 perce nt, a nd suicides have increased by nearly one-q uarter.63.In the Westerne r's eyes, the postwa r Japan was_____ .［A］under aimless developme nt［B］a positive e xample［C］a rival to the West［D］on the decline64.According to the a utho r, wha t may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline o f Japanese society?［A］Wome n's participatio n in social activities is limited.［B］More wo rkers are dissatisfied with their jobs.［C］Excessive emp hasis his bee n placed o n the basics.［D］The life-style has been influe nced by Western values.65.Which o f the follo wing is true according to the a utho r?［A］Japanese educa tio n is p raised for helping the yo ung climb the social ladder［B］Japanese educa tio n is cha racte rized by mecha nical learning as well as creativity.［C］More stress should be placed o n the cultiva tion o f crea tivity.［D］Dropping out leads to frustratio n against test taking.66.T he c ha nge in Japanese Life-style is revealed in the fact tha t____ .［A］the young a re less tolera nt of discomfo rts in the fact tha t_____ .［B］the divorce ra te in Japan e xceeds that in the U.S.［C］the Japanese end ure more tha n ever befo re［D］the Japanese appreciate their p resent lifePassage 5If ambition is to be well regarded, the re wards o f ambition health, distinction, co ntrol over one's destiny must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made o n ambitio n's be half. If thetraditio n o f a mbition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; a nd it especially must be hig hly regarded by people who are the mselves admired, the ed uca ted no t least a mong them. In a n odd way, Ho wever, it is the educa ted who have claimed to have give up o n have give up on a mbition as a n ideal. Wha t is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited fro m a mbition-if no t always their o wn the that o f their pare nts a nd gra ndparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the ba rn door a fter the horses have escaped with the educa ted themselves riding on them.Ce rtainly people do no t seem less interested in success a nd its signs now tha n fo rme rly. Summe r ho mes, European travel, BMWs. The locations, place names and na me b rands may change, but such items do no t seem less in dema nd today tha n a decade or two years ago. W ha t has happened is tha t people ca nnot confess fully to their drea ms, as easily and ope nly as once they could, lest they be thoug ht p ushing, acquisitive a nd vulgar. Instead, we are trea ted to fine hypocritical spectacles, which no w mo re tha n ever seem in ample supply: the critic o f America n ma terialism with a So uthamp ton summer home; the publisher o f radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaura nts; the journalist advocating participato ry democracy in all p ha ses o f life, whose o wn child ren a re e nrolled in priva te schools. Fo r such people and many more perhaps no t so e xceptio nal, the proper fo rmula tio n is," Succeed a t all costs b ut avoid appearing ambitio us."The a ttacks o n a mbitio n a re ma ny a nd co me from va rio us a ngles; its p ublic defe nders are fe w a nd unimpressive, whe re the a re not e xtre mely una ttractive. As a result, the support for ambitio n as a healthy imp ulse, a quality to be admired a nd fixed in the mind o f the young, is p robably lo wer than it has eve r b een in the U nited Sta tes. This does not mean that a mbitio n is a t an e nd, tha t people no lo nger feel its stirrings a nd p romp tings, but o nly that, no lo nger ope nly hono red, it is less openly unde rgro und, o r made sly. Such, the n, is the way things sta nd: o n the le ft a ng ry critics, o n the right stupid supporters, a nd in the middle, as usual, the majority o f earnest people trying to get o n in life.67.It is gene rally believed tha t ambitio n may be well regarded if _____.［A］its re turns we ll co mpensa te fo r the sacrifices［B］it is re warded with money, fa me a nd powe r［C］its goals a re spiritual ra ther tha n ma te rial［D］it is shared by the rich a nd the famo us68.T he last se nte nce o f the first pa ragraph most p robably implies tha t it is____ .［A］custo mary of the ed ucated to discard ambition in words［B］too late to check ambitio n o nce it has been let o ut［C］dishonest to de ny a mbition a fter the fulfillme nt o f the goal［D］impractical for the ed ucated to e njoy be nefits from ambitio n69.Some people do not openly admit they have ambitio n beca use____ .［A］they think o f it as immo ral［B］their p ursuits a re no t fa me o r wealth［C］a mbition is not closely rela ted to ma te rial be ne fits［D］they do no t wa nt to appear greedy a nd contemp tible70.From the last paragrap h the co nclusion can be dra wn tha t a mbition sho uld be maintained_____ .。
2000年考研英语真题及解析
2000年英语试题答案Passage 1一、核心词汇注释at a loss困惑，不知所措例：I’m at a loss what to do next. 我对下一步做什么心里没谱。
casualtyn. 1. ［C］(事故或战斗中的)伤亡人员*2. ［C］（某特定事件或情况造成的）受害者，损坏物例：Small shops have been a casualty of the recession. 小商店在经济萧条中深受其害。
3. ［U］急救室，急诊室fadevi. *1.to gradually disappear逐渐消失例：Her beauty has faded a little. 她的美貌已有点失色。
2. to become weaker physically(身体)变得虚弱（尤指因此导致重病或死亡）vt.&vi.（使）褪色；（使）失去光泽例：The sun had faded the curtains. 太阳把窗帘晒得褪了色。
glowinga. 1.发红光的，白热的2.热烈赞扬的，热情洋溢的，例：a glowing account/report热情洋溢的叙述/报道*3.光明的，辉煌的；glow v.发热，发光，发红n.光亮，光辉handicapvt. give or be a disadvantage to sb/sth对（某人、某物）设置不利条件; 被施加不利条件例：be handicapped by a lack of education 因文化水平低而吃亏n.［C］1.（由于受到损坏而产生的身体或智力上的）残障，残疾*2.障碍，不利条件例：Illiteracy is a serious handicap in life. 不能读写是生活中的严重障碍。
3.（比赛或竞赛中加给强手的）不利条件（以示公平）例：She had a handicap of 7 in golf. 她在高尔夫球比赛中让了7杆。
[实用参考]2000年考研英语真题及答案解析
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20GG年全真试题PartⅠCloseTestDirections：Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoices marked［A］,［B］,［C］and ［D］.ChoosethebestoneandmarkPouransweronANSWERSHEET1bPblac keningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points) ①Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrPtokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsu mptionandhisproduction.②HemuststorealargequantitPofgrain 1 consumingallhisgrainimmediatelP.③HecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamilP 2 heproducesasurplus.④HemustusethissurplusinthreewaPs:asseedforsowing,asaninsurance 3 theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditPwhichhemustsel linorderto 4 oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto 5 thesoil.⑤HemaPalsoneedmonePtoconstructirrigation 6 andimprovehisfarminotherwaPs.⑥Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe 7 .⑦HemusteithersellsomeofhispropertPor 8 eGtrafundsintheformofloans.⑧NaturallPhewilltrPtoborrowmonePatalow 9 ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenot 10 obtainable.［139words］1.［A］otherthan ［B］aswellas ［C］insteadof ［D］morethan2.［A］onlPif ［B］muchas ［C］longbefore ［D］eversince3.［A］for ［B］against ［C］of ［D］towards4.［A］replace ［B］purchase ［C］supplement ［D］dispose5.［A］enhance ［B］miG ［C］feed ［D］raise6.［A］vessels ［B］routes ［C］paths ［D］channels7.［A］self-confident ［B］self-sufficient［C］self-satisfied ［D］self-restrained8.［A］search ［B］save ［C］offer ［D］seek9.［A］proportion ［B］percentage ［C］rate ［D］ratio10.［A］genuinelP ［B］obviouslP ［C］presumablP［D］frequentlPPartⅡReadingComprehensionDirections:EachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbPsomequestions.Foreachquesti ontherearefouranswersmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and ［D］.ReadthepassagescarefullPandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequ estions.ThenmarkPouransweronANSWERSHEET1bPblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Passage1①AhistorPoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifprope rlPhandled,itmaPbecomeadrivingforce.②WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheS econdWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananPcompetitor,giving itsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.③Itsscientistsweretheworldsbest;itsworkersthemostskilled.④(11)America and Americans were prosperous bePond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroPed.①ItwasinevitablethatthisprimacPshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgre wricher.②JustasinevitablP,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.③BPthemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingin dustrialcompetitiveness.④SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorv anishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.⑤BP1987therewasonlPoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.⑥(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbPSouthKorea’sLGElectronicsinJulP.)⑦（12）Foreign-made cars and teGtiles were sweeping into the domestic market.America’smachine-toolindustrPwasontheropes.⑧Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericah adinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobetheneGtcasualtP.①Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.②AmericansstoppedtakingprosperitPforgranted.③ThePbegantobelievethattheirwaPofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthatthei rincomeswouldthereforeshortlPbegintofallaswell.④Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquirPafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.⑤Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegro wingcompetitionfromoverseas.①Howthingshavechanged!②In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfivePearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapan hasbeenstruggling.③（14）Few Americans attribute this solelP to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cPcle.④Self-doubthasPieldedtoblindpride.⑤“AmericanindustrPhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearntto bemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,eGecutivedeanofHarvard’sKennedPSch oolofGovernment.⑥“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimpro vingtheirproductivitP,”saPsStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.⑦AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilll ookbackonthisperiodas “agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”［429words］11.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause.［A］ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal［B］itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore［C］thewarhaddestroPedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors ［D］theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomP12.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomPinthe1980sisman ifestedinthefactthattheAmerican.［A］TVindustrPhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket［B］semiconductorindustrPhadbeentakenoverbPforeignenterprises ［C］machine-toolindustrPhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions［D］autoindustrPhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?［A］Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.［B］IntensecompetitionmaPcontributetoeconomicprogress.［C］TherevivaloftheeconomPdependsoninternationalcooperation.［D］AlonghistorPofsuccessmaPpavethewaPforfurtherdevelopment.14.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economPinthe1990s canbeattributedtothe.［A］turningofthebusinesscPcle ［B］restructuringofindustrP ［C］improvedbusinessmanagement ［D］successineducationPassage2①（15）Being a man has alwaPs been dangerous. ②There are about105 males born for everP 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturitP, and among 70-Pear-olds there are twice as manP women as men. ③But the great universal of male mortalitP is being changed.④Now,boPbabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.⑤Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeaneGcessofboPsinthosecrucial PearswhentheParesearchingforamate.⑥Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.⑦FiftPPearsago,thechanceofababP(particularlPaboPbabP)survivingdepend edonitsweight.AkilogramtoolightortooheavPmeantalmostcertaindeath.⑧TodaPitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes ,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.①ThereisanotherwaPtocommitevolutionarPsuicide:staPalive,buthavefewer children.②Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.③EGceptinsomereligiouscommunities,verPfewwomenhave15children.④NowadaPsthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.⑤MostofushaveroughlPthesamenumberofoffspring.⑥（16）Again, differences between people and the opportunitP for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. ⑦India shows what is happening.ThecountrPofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertPfortheremaini ngtribalpeoples.⑧ThegrandmediocritPoftodaP—everPonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring—meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIn diacomparedtothetribes.Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.②StrangelP,ithasinvolvedlittlephPsicalchange.③NootherspeciesfillssomanPplacesinnature.④Butinthepast100,000Pears —eventhepast100Pears—ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.⑤（17）We did not evolve, because machines and societP did it for us.⑥Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:theP “lookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollPbe Pondhiscomprehension.”⑦Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturPwaPoflifebePondcomprehensionf oritsugliness.ButhoweveramazedourdescendantsmaPbeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,t hePwilllookjustlikeus.［406words］15.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagra ph?［A］Alackofmates. ［B］Afiercecompetition.［C］Alowersurvivalrate. ［D］Adefectivegene.16.WhatdoestheeGampleofIndiaillustrate?［A］WealthPpeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.［B］NaturalselectionhardlPworksamongtherichandthepoor.［C］Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.［D］IndiaisoneofthecountrieswithaverPhighbirthrate.17.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause.［A］lifehasbeenimprovedbPtechnologicaladvance［B］thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendeclining［C］ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolution［D］thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertPisdisappearing18.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?［A］SeGRatioChangesinHumanEvolution.［B］WaPsofContinuingMan’sEvolution.［C］TheEvolutionarPFutureofNature.［D］HumanEvolutionGoingNowhere.Passage3①（20）When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles maP seem todaP, it is possible that in Pears to come theP maP be regarded as normal.②WithregardtoFuturistpoetrP,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhatever FuturistpoetrPmaPbe—evenadmittingthatthetheorPonwhichitisbasedmaPberight—itcanhardlPbeclassedasLiterature.①This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsaPs:foracenturP,pastconditionsoflifehavebe enconditionallPspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolencean dspeed.②ConsequentlP,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.③（21）This speeding up of life, saPs the Futurist, requires a new form of eGpression. ④Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.⑤Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbPstops,orq ualifPingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.⑥Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemu stusemanPsizesoftPpeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshort enorlengthenwordsatwill.①CertainlPtheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.②ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheeGplanatorPnotesthatacertainlinedescr ibesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichthePb othfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweights oftheofficers:“Pluff!Pluff!AhundredandeightP-fivekilograms.”①（22）This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetrP, can hardlP be classed as Literature. ②Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatag reatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofeGpression.③ThewholequestionisreallPthis:haveweessentiallPchanged?［334words］19.ThispassageismainlP.［A］asurvePofnewapproachestoart［B］areviewofFuturistpoetrP［C］aboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovement［D］aboutlawsandrequirementsofliterature20.WhenanovelliterarPideaappears,peopleshouldtrPto.［A］determineitspurposes ［B］ignoreitsflaws［C］followthenewfashions ［D］accepttheprinciples21.Futuristsclaimthatwemust.［A］increasetheproductionofliterature［B］usepoetrPtorelievemodernstress［C］developnewmodesofeGpression［D］avoidusingadjectivesandverbs22.TheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetrPis.［A］basedonreasonableprinciples［B］newandacceptabletoordinarPpeople［C］indicativeofabasicchangeinhumannature［D］moreofatransientphenomenonthanliteraturePassage4①（23）Aimlessness has hardlP been tPpical of the postwar Japan whose productivitP and social harmonP are the envP of the United States and Europe.②ButincreasinglPtheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalwork-mora lvalues.③TenPearsagoPoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprima rPreasonforbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelPfulfilleditseconomicneeds,and Poungpeopledon’tknowwherethePshouldgoneGt.①ThecomingofageofthepostwarbabPboomandanentrPofwomenintothem。
2000年考研英语真题及解析
①If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. ②He must store a large uantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. ③He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus. ④He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. ⑤He may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways. ⑥If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 . ⑦He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. ⑧Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. ［139 words］
2000年考研英语真题及答案
2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Structure and V ocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times ________ 1979.[A] from[B] after[C] for[D] sinceThe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore, you should choose [D]Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [■]1.As I’ll be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate ________ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.[A] hearing[B] to hear[C] to be hearing[D] having heard2.Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, ________ to find it locked.[A] just[B] only[C] hence[D] thus3.Doctors see a connection between increase amounts of leisure time spent ________ and the increased number of cases of skin cancer.[A] to sunbathe[B] to have sunbathed[C] having sunbathed[D] sunbathing4.Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods, you are not entitled ________ a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.[A] to[B] with[C] for[D] on5.On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont ________ I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading “Boston”.[A] which[B] where[C] when[D] that6.Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though ________ out of the office.[A] went[B] gone[C] to go[D] would go7.The roles expected ________ old people in such a setting give too few psychological satisfactions for normal happiness.[A] of[B] on[C] to[D] with8.Talk to anyone in the drug industry, ________ you’ll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.[A] or[B] and[C] for[D] so9.It wasn’t so much that I disliked her ________ that I just wasn’t interested in the whole business.[A] rather[B] so[C] than[D] as10.Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce, let alone ________ one.[A] getting[B] to get[C] gotten[D] getPart BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:A number of [A] foreign visitors were taken [B] to the industrial exhibition, which [C] they saw [D] many new products.Answer [C] is wrong. The sentence should read, “A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition, where they saw many new products.” So you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■] [D]11.Having isolated [A] on a remote island, with [B] little work to occupy [C] them, the soldierssuffered from boredom and low spirits [D].12.If the letter to be mailed [A] was placed [B] on the writing table an hour ago, it is [C] certain being [D] there now.13.The ruling [A] party could even lose its [B] majority in the lower house of parliament, started[C] a period of prolonged struggling [D].14.The mechanisms at [A] work are manifest [B] in the tendency for such physical activity to [C] utilize the potential [D] harmful constituents of the stress response.15.In [A] the long run, however, this hurry to shed [B] full-time staff may be more [C] harmful to industry as it is to [D] the workforce.16.See to it [A] that you include in [B] the examination paper whatever [C] questions they didn’t know the answer [D] last time.17.Most newspapers, while devoting [A] the major part of its [B] space to recent events, usually manage to find room [C] on the inside pages for articles on [D] some interesting topics.18.One sign by which [A] you are making progress in an art [B] such as painting or photography is that [C] you begin to realize how much there is [D] to learn.19.The ideal listener stays both inside and outside [A] the music at the moment it is played and enjoying [B] it almost as much as [C] the composer at the moment he composes [D].20.Continued [A] exposure to stress has been linked to worsened [B] functioning of the immune system, leaving [C] a person more liable for [D] infection.Part CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway.[A] vanished[B] scattered[C] abandoned[D] rejectedThe sentence should read, “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” Therefore, you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■][D]21.He spoke so ________ that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.[A] bluntly[B] convincingly[C] emphatically[D] determinedly22.France’s ________ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.[A] assumption[B] consumption[C] presumption[D] resumption23.The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October, ________ an outburst of interest.[A] flared[B] glittered[C] sparked[D] flashed24.His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties ________.[A] came off[B] came on[C] came round[D] came down25.The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually ________ it in a profitable direction.[A] adapt[B] control[C] install[D] steer26.The capital intended to broaden the export base and ________ efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution.[A] secure[B] extend[C] defend[D] possess27.It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be ________ at the manager’s office.[A] declared[B] obtained[C] reclaimed[D] recognized28.When I ________ my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.[A] woke up[B] took to[C] picked up[D] came to29.The American society is ________ an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.[A] established on[B] affiliated to[C] originated from[D] incorporated with30.I am not ________ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.[A] concerned[B] compatible[C] considerate[D] complied31.At first, the ________ of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.[A] transaction[B] transmission[C] transformation[D] transition32.When the committee ________ to details, the proposed plan seemed impractical.[A] got down[B] set about[C] went off[D] came up33.________ to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.[A] Orientation[B] Access[C] Procession[D] V oyage34.Mr. Smith had an unusual ________: he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.[A] profession[B] occupation[C] position[D] career35.The mayor is a woman with great ________ and therefore deserves our political and financial support.[A] intention[B] instinct[C] integrity[D] intensity36.The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest ________ to everyone.[A] speculation[B] attribution[C] utilization[D] proposition37.The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ________ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.[A] renders[B] reckons[C] regards[D] relates38.To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly, be ________, and display interest in the job.[A] swift[B] instant[C] timely[D] punctual39.You don’t have to install this radio in your new car, it’s an ________ extra.[A] excessive[B] optional[C] additional[D] arbitrary40.We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didn’t ________ to the traffic jam of the busy city.[A] aid[B] amount[C] add[D] attributeSection II: Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain __41__ consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family __42__ he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance __43__ the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to __44__ old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to __45__ the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation __46__ and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be __47__. He must either sell some of his property or __48__ extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low __49__ of interest, but loans of this kind are not __50__ obtainable.41.[A] other than[B] as well as[C] instead of[D] more than42.[A] only if[B] much as[C] long before[D] ever since43.[A] for[B] against[C] supplement[D] dispose44.[A] replace[B] purchase[C] supplement[D] dispose45.[A] enhance[B] mix[C] feed[D] raise46.[A] vessels[B] routes[C] paths[D] channels47.[A] self-confident[B] self-sufficient[C] self-satisfied[D] self-restrained48.[A] search[B] save[C] offer[D] seek49.[A] proportion[B] percentage[C] rate[D] ratio50.[A] genuinely[B] obviously[C] presumably[D] frequentlySection III: Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world’s best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. “It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”51.The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy52.The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ________.[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market53.What can be inferred from the passage?[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pried.[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development.54.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the ________.[A] turning of the business cycle[B] restructuring of industry[C] improved business management[D] success in educationText 2Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twiceas many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today -- everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring -- means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes. For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the pass 100,000 years -- even the pass 100 years -- our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.” No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.55.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?[A] A lack of mates.[B] A fierce competition.[C] A lower survival rate.[D] A defective gene.56.What does the example of India illustrate?[A] Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.[B] Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.[C] The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.[D] India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.57.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because ________.[A] life has been improved by technological advance[B] the number of female babies has been declining[C] our species has reached the highest stage of evolution[D] the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing58.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?[A] Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution[B] Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution[C] The Evolutionary Future of Nature[D] Human Evolution Going NowhereText 3When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be -- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right -- it can hardly be classed as Literature.This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river -- and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?59.This passage is mainly ________.[A] a survey of new approaches to art[B] a review of Futurist poetry[C] about merits of the Futurist movement[D] about laws and requirements of literature60.When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to ________.[A] determine its purposes[B] ignore its flaws[C] follow the new fashions[D] accept the principles61.Futurists claim that we must ________.[A] increase the production of literature[B] use poetry to relieve modern stress[C] develop new modes of expression[D] avoid using adjectives and verbs62.The author believes that Futurist poetry is ________.[A] based on reasonable principles[B] new and acceptable to ordinary people[C] indicative of basic change in human nature[D] more of a transient phenomenon than literatureText 4Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline ofthe traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. “Those things that do not show up in the test scores -- personality, ability, courage or humanity -- are completely ignored,” says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee. “Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.” Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. “In Japan,” says educator Yoko Muro, “it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.” With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.63.In the Westerner’s eyes, the postwar Japan was ________.[A] under aimless development[B] a positive example[C] a rival to the West[D] on the decline64.According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?[A] Women’s participation in social activities is limited.[B] More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.[C] Excessive emphasis his been placed on the basics.[D] The life-style has been influenced by Western values.65.Which of the following is true according to the author?[A] Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.[B] Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.[C] More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.[D] Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.66.The change in Japanese Life-style is revealed in the fact that ________.[A] the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life[B] the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.[C] the Japanese endure more than ever before[D] the Japanese appreciate their present lifeText 5If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition -- health, distinction, control over one’s destiny -- must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition -- if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped -- with the educated themselves riding on them.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs -- the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.67.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ________.[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous68.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ________.[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition69.Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ________.。
2000年考研外语考试真题及答案
2000年考研外语考试真题及答案一、Use of English1、If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 【B1】consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family 【B2】 he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 【B3】the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 【B4】 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 【B5】 the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation 【B6】 and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 【B7】 . He must either sell some of his property or 【B8】 extra funds in the form. of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 【B9】 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 【B10】obtainable.【B1】A．other thanB．as well asC．instead of D．more than 2、【B2】A．only ifB．much asC．long before D．ever since 3、【B3】A.forB.againstC.ofD.towards4、【B4】A．replaceB．purchaseC．supplement D．dispose5、【B5】A．enhanceB．mixC．feedD．raise6、【B6】A．vesselsB．routesC．pathsD．channels7、【B7】A．self-confident B．self-sufficient C．self-satisfied D．self-restrained 8、【B8】A．searchB．saveC．offerD．seek9、【B9】A．proportionB．percentageC．rateD．ratio10、【B10】A．genuinelyB．obviouslyC．presumablyD．frequently11、 As I'll be away for at least a year, I'd appreciate ______ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.A.hearingB.to hearC.to be hearingD.having heard12、 Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, ______ to find it locked.A．justB．onlyC．henceD．thus13、 Doctors see a connection between increased amounts of leisure time spent ______ and the increased number of cases of skin cancer.A.to sunbatheB.to have sunbathedC.having sunbathedD.sunbathing14、 Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods, you are not entitled ______ a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.A．toB．withC．forD．on15、 On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont ______I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading "Boston". A．whichB．whereC．whenD．that16、 Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though ______ out of the office.A.wentB.goneC.to goD.would go17、 The roles expected ______ old people in such a setting give too few psychological satisfactions for normal happiness.A.ofB.onC.toD.with18、 Talk to anyone in the drug industry, ______ yon'll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.A.orB.andC.forD.so19、 It wasn't so much that I disliked her ______ that I just wasn't interested in the whole business.A．ratherB．soC．thanD．as20、 Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce, let alone ______ one.A．gettingB．to getC．gottenD．get21、 He spoke so ______ that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.A．bluntlyB．convincinglyC．emphaticallyD．determinedly22、 France's ______ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations. A．assumptionB．consumptionC．presumptionD．resumption23、 The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October, ______ an outburst of interest.A.flaredB.glitteredC.sparkedD.flashed24、 His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two parties ______.A.came offB.came onC.came roundD.came down25、 The system was redesigned so embrace the network and eventually ______ it in a profitable direction.A.adaptB.controlC.installD.steer26、 The capital intended to broaden the export base and ______ efficiency gains from international trade was channeled in stead of uneconomic import substitution.A.secureB.extendC.defendD.possess27、 It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be ______ at the manager's office.A.declaredB.obtainedC.reclaimedD.recognize28、 When I ______ my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.A．woke upB．took toC．picked upD．came to29、 The American society is ______ an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.A．established onB．affiliated toC．originated fromD．incorporated with30、 I am not ______ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.A．concernedB．compatibleC．considerateD．complied31、 At first, the ______ of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.A．transactionB．transmissionC．transformationD．transition32、 When the committee ______ to details, the proposed plan seemed impractical.A.got downB.set aboutC.went offD.came up33、 ______ to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are stilt covered with thick forests.A.OrientationB.AccessC.ProcessionD.Voyage34、 Mr. Smith had an unusual ______: he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.A.professionB.occupationC.positionD.career35、 The mayor is a woman with great ______ and therefore deserves our political and financial support.A．intentionB．instinctC．integrityD．intensity36、 The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest and ______ to everyone.A.speculationB.attributionC.utilizationD.proposition37、 The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ______ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.A．rendersB．reckonsC．regardsD．relates38、 To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly, be ______, and display interest in the job.A.swiftB.instantC.timelyD.punctual39、 You don't have to install this radio in your new car; it's an ______ extra.A．excessiveB．optionalC．additionalD．arbitrary40、 We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didn't ______ to the traffic jam of the busy city.A．aidB．amountC．addD．attribute41、 (Having isolated) on a remote island, (with) little work (to occupy) them, the soldiers suffered from boredom and low (spirits).A.Having isolatedB.withC.to occupyD.spirits42、 If the letter (to be mailed) (was placed) on the writing table an hour ago, it (is) certain (being) there now.A.to be mailedB.was placedC.isD.being43、 The (ruling) party could even lose (its) majority in the lower house of parliament, (started) a period of (prolonged struggling).A.rulingB.itsC.startedD.prolonged struggling44、 The mechanisms (at) work (are manifest) in the tendency for such physical activity (to) utilize the (potential) harmful constituents of the stress response.A.atB.are manifestC.toD.potential45、(In) the long run, however, this hurry (to shed) full-time staff may (be more) harmful (to) industry as it is to the workforce.A.InB.to shedC.be moreD.to46、 See to (it) that you include (in) the examination paper (whatever) questions they didn't know (the answer) last time.A.itB.inC.whateverD.the answer47、 Most newspapers, (while devoting) the major part of (its)space to recent events, usually manage to find (room) on the inside pages for articles (on) some interesting topics.A.while devotingB.itsC.roomD.on48、 One sign (by which) you are making progress in (an art) such as painting or photography is (that) you begin to realize how much (there is) to learn.A.by whichB.an artC.thatD.there is49、 The ideal listener stays both (inside and outside) the music at the moment it is played and (enjoying) it almost (as much as) the composer at the moment he (composes).A.inside and outsideB.enjoyingC.as much asposes50、(Continued) exposure to stress has been linked to (worsened) functioning of the immune system, (leaving) a personmore liable (for) infectionA.ContinuedB.worsenedC.leavingD.for参考答案：【一、Use of English】1~5CABAC6~10DBDCD11~50点击下载查看答案。
2000年考研英语真题(含答案解析)
2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Part ⅠClose TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and ［D］.Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)①If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production.②He must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately.③He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus.④He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil.⑤He may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways.⑥If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 .⑦He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans.⑧Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable.［139 words］1.［A］ other than ［B］ as well as［C］ instead of ［D］ more than2.［A］ only if ［B］ much as［C］ long before ［D］ ever since3.［A］ for ［B］ against［C］ of ［D］ towards4.［A］ replace ［B］ purchase［C］ supplement ［D］ dispose5.［A］ enhance ［B］ mix［C］ feed ［D］ raise6.［A］ vessels ［B］ routes［C］ paths ［D］ channels7.［A］ self-confident ［B］ self-sufficient［C］ self-satisfied ［D］self-restrained8.［A］ search ［B］ save［C］ offer ［D］ seek9.［A］ proportion ［B］ percentage［C］ rate ［D］ ratio10.［A］ genuinely ［B］ obviously［C］ presumably ［D］ frequentlyPart ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and ［D］.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)Passage 1①A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force.②When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.③Its scientists were the world s best; its workers the most skilled.④(11)America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.①It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer.②Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful.③By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness.④Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.⑤By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith.⑥(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) ⑦（12）Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market.America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes.⑧For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.①All of this caused a crisis of confidence.②Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted.③They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well.④The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline.⑤Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.①How things have changed! ②In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling.③（14）Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.④Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.⑤“American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,”according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government.⑥“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,”says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC.⑦And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”［429 words］11.The U.S.achieved its predominance after World War II because.［A］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal［B］its domestic market was eight times larger than before［C］the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors ［D］the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy12.The loss of U.S.predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American.［A］TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market［B］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises ［C］machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions ［D］auto industry had lost part of its domestic market13.What can be inferred from the passage?［A］It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.［B］Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.［C］ The revival of the economy depends on international cooperate ［D］A long history of success may pave the way for further development.14.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S.economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.［A］turning of the business cycle［B］ restructuring of industry［C］ improved business management［D］ success in educationPassage 2①（15）Being a man has always been dangerous.②There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men.③But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.④Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do.⑤This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate.⑥More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed.⑦Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.⑧Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.①There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children.②Few people are as fertile as in the past.③Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children.④Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average.⑤Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring.⑥（16）Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.⑦India shows what is happening.The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.⑧The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived.②Strangely, it has involved little physical change.③No other species fills so many places in nature.④But in the past 100, 000 years —even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not.⑤（17）We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us.⑥Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”⑦No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness.But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.［406 words］15.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?［A］ A lack of mates. ［B］ A fierce competition.［C］ A lower survival rate. ［D］ A defective gene.16.What does the example of India illustrate?［A］ Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.［B］ Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.［C］ The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.［D］ India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.17.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because.［A］ life has been improved by technological advance［B］ the number of female babies has been declining［C］ our species has reached the highest stage of evolution［D］ the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing18.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?［A］ Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution.［B］ Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution.［C］ The Evolutionary Future of Nature.［D］ Human Evolution Going Nowhere.Passage 3①（20）When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.②With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.①This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed.②Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change.③（21）This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression.④We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress.⑤We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs.⑥Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.①Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused.②But it isa little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river —and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”①（22）This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature.②All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression.③The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?［334 words］19.This passage is mainly.［A］ a survey of new approaches to art［B］ a review of Futurist poetry［C］ about merits of the Futurist movement［D］ about laws and requirements of literature20.When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to.［A］ determine its purposes ［B］ ignore its flaws［C］ follow the new fashions ［D］ accept the principles21.Futurists claim that we must.［A］ increase the production of literature［B］ use poetry to relieve modern stress［C］ develop new modes of expression［D］ avoid using adjectives and verbs22.The author believes that Futurist poetry is.［A］ based on reasonable principles［B］ new and acceptable to ordinary people［C］ indicative of a basic change in human nature［D］ more of a transient phenomenon than literaturePassage 4①（23）Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.②But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values.③Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.①The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.②In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States.③In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.①While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression.②（25）“Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored,” says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee.③“Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.”④Last year Japan experienced 2, 125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers.⑤Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education.⑥Last year MitsuoSetoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”①（26）But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles.②“In Japan,” says educator Yoko Muro, “it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.”③With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households.④Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell.⑤In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.［447 words］23.In the Westerners’ eyes, the postwar Japan was.［A］ under aimless development ［B］ a positive example［C］ a rival to the West ［D］ on the decline24.According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?［A］ Women’s participation in social activities is limited.［B］ More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.［C］ Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.［D］ The life-style has been influenced by Western values.25.Which of the following is true according to the author?［A］ Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.［B］ Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.［C］ More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.［D］ Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.26.The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that.［A］ the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life［B］ the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.［C］ the Japanese endure more than ever before［D］ the Japanese appreciate their present lifePassage 5①（27）If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition —wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf.②If the tradition of ambitionis to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them.③（28）In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal.④What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents.⑤There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselves riding on them.①Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly.②Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.③（29）What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.④Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.⑤For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”①The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive.②As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States.③This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed.④Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly.⑤Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.［431 words］27.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if.［A］ its returns well compensate for the sacrifices［B］ it is rewarded with money, fame and power［C］ its goals are spiritual rather than material［D］ it is shared by the rich and the famous28.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is.［A］ customary of the educated to discard ambition in words［B］ too late to check ambition once it has been let out［C］ dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal ［D］ impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition29.Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because.［A］ they think of it as immoral［B］ their pursuits are not fame or wealth［C］ ambition is not closely related to material benefits［D］ they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible30.From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained.［A］ secretly and vigorously ［B］openly and enthusiastically［C］ easily and momentarily ［D］ verbally and spirituallyPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage.For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry.In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past.For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.35）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.［390 words］Section ⅣWriting(15 points)36.Directions:A.Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay of at least 150 words.B.Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.C.Your essay should meet the requirements below:1）Describe the pictures.2）Deduce the purpose of the painter of the pictures.3）Suggest counter-measures.2000年英语试题答案Part ⅠCloze Test1.C2.A3.B4.A5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C 10.DPart ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 111.C 12.D 13.B 14.APassage 215.C 16.B 17.A 18.DPassage 319.B 20.A 21.C 22.DPassage 423.B 24.D 25.C 26.APassage 527.A 28.C 29.D 30.BPart Ⅲ English-Chinese Translation31.在现代条件下, 这需要程度不同的集中控制措施, 从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。
2000年考研英语真题及答案解析(word文档良心出品)
2000年全真试题Part ⅠClose TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)①If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. ②He must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. ③He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus.④He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. ⑤He may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways. ⑥If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 . ⑦He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. ⑧Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. ［139 words］1.［A］other than ［B］as well as ［C］instead of ［D］more than2.［A］only if ［B］much as ［C］long before ［D］ever since3.［A］for ［B］against ［C］of ［D］towards4.［A］replace ［B］purchase ［C］supplement ［D］dispose5.［A］enhance ［B］mix ［C］feed ［D］raise6.［A］vessels ［B］routes ［C］paths ［D］channels7.［A］self-confident ［B］self-sufficient［C］self-satisfied ［D］self-restrained8.［A］search ［B］save ［C］offer ［D］seek9.［A］proportion ［B］percentage ［C］rate ［D］ratio10.［A］genuinely ［B］obviously ［C］presumably ［D］frequentlyPart ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1①A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. ②When the United States entered just such a glowingperiod after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. ③Its scientists were the world s best; its workers the most skilled. ④(11)America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.①It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. ②Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. ③By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. ④Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. ⑤By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. ⑥(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) ⑦（12）Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. ⑧For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.①All of this caused a crisis of confidence. ②Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. ③They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. ④The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. ⑤Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.①How things have changed! ②In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. ③（14）Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. ④Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. ⑤“American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,”according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. ⑥“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,”says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. ⑦And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”［429 words］11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because.［A］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal［B］its domestic market was eight times larger than before［C］the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors［D］the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American.［A］TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market［B］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises［C］machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions［D］auto industry had lost part of its domestic market13. What can be inferred from the passage?［A］It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.［B］Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.［C］The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.［D］A long history of success may pave the way for further development.14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.［A］turning of the business cycle ［B］restructuring of industry［C］improved business management ［D］success in educationPassage 2①（15）Being a man has always been dangerous. ②There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. ③But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. ④Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. ⑤This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. ⑥More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. ⑦Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. ⑧Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.①There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children.②Few people are as fertile as in the past. ③Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. ④Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. ⑤Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. ⑥（16）Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.⑦India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. ⑧The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. ②Strangely, it has involved little physical change. ③No other species fills so many places in nature. ④But in the past 100, 000 years—even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. ⑤（17）We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. ⑥Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”⑦No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.［406 words］15. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?［A］A lack of mates. ［B］A fierce competition.［C］A lower survival rate. ［D］A defective gene.16. What does the example of India illustrate?［A］Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.［B］Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.［C］The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.［D］India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.17. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because.［A］life has been improved by technological advance［B］the number of female babies has been declining［C］our species has reached the highest stage of evolution［D］the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing18. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?［A］Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution.［B］Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution.［C］The Evolutionary Future of Nature.［D］Human Evolution Going Nowhere.Passage 3①（20）When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. ②With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.①This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. ②Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. ③（21）This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. ④We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. ⑤We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. ⑥Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.①Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. ②But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river —and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”①（22）This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. ②All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. ③The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?［334 words］19. This passage is mainly.［A］ a survey of new approaches to art［B］ a review of Futurist poetry［C］about merits of the Futurist movement［D］about laws and requirements of literature20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to.［A］determine its purposes ［B］ignore its flaws［C］follow the new fashions ［D］accept the principles21. Futurists claim that we must.［A］increase the production of literature［B］use poetry to relieve modern stress［C］develop new modes of expression［D］avoid using adjectives and verbs22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is.［A］based on reasonable principles［B］new and acceptable to ordinary people［C］indicative of a basic change in human nature［D］more of a transient phenomenon than literaturePassage 4①（23）Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. ②But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. ③Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.①The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. ②In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. ③In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.①While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking andmechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. ②（25）“Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored,”says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee. ③“Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.”④Last year Japan experienced 2，125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. ⑤Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. ⑥Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”①（26）But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. ②“In Japan,”says educator Yoko Muro, “it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.”③With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. ④Urban Japanese have longendured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. ⑤In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.［447 words］23. In the Westerners’ eyes, the postwar Japan was.［A］under aimless development ［B］ a positive example［C］a rival to the West ［D］on the decline24. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?［A］Women’s participation in social activities is limited.［B］More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.［C］Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.［D］The life-style has been influenced by Western values.25. Which of the following is true according to the author?［A］Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.［B］Japanese education is characterized by mechanicallearning as well as creativity.［C］More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.［D］Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.26. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that.［A］the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life［B］the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.［C］the Japanese endure more than ever before［D］the Japanese appreciate their present lifePassage 5①（27）If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. ②If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. ③（28）In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. ④What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. ⑤There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselves riding on them.①Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. ②Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.③（29）What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. ④Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. ⑤For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”①The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. ②As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. ③This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. ④Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. ⑤Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. ［431 words］27. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if.［A］its returns well compensate for the sacrifices［B］it is rewarded with money, fame and power［C］its goals are spiritual rather than material［D］it is shared by the rich and the famous28. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is.［A］customary of the educated to discard ambition in words［B］too late to check ambition once it has been let out［C］dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal［D］impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition29. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because.［A］they think of it as immoral［B］their pursuits are not fame or wealth［C］ambition is not closely related to material benefits［D］they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained.［A］secretly and vigorously ［B］openly and enthusiastically［C］easily and momentarily ［D］verbally and spirituallyPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures andtensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 35）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. ［390 words］Section ⅣWriting(15 points)36.Directions:A. Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay of at least 150 words.B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.C. Your essay should meet the requirements below:1）Describe the pictures.2）Deduce the purpose of the painter of the pictures.3）Suggest counter-measures.2000年英语试题答案Part ⅠCloze Test1. C2. A3. B4. A5. C6. D7. B8.D9. C 10. DPart ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 111. C 12. D 13.B 14. APassage 215.C 16.B 17.A 18.DPassage 319.B 20.A 21.C 22.DPassage 423.B 24.D 25.C 26.APassage 527.A 28.C 29.D 30.BPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation31.在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的集中控制措施，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。
(完整word版)2000年考研英语真题及答案解析,推荐文档
2000年全真试题Part ⅠClose TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)①If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. ②He must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. ③He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus.④He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. ⑤He may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways. ⑥If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 . ⑦He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. ⑧Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. ［139 words］1.［A］other than ［B］as well as ［C］instead of ［D］more than2.［A］only if ［B］much as ［C］long before ［D］ever since3.［A］for ［B］against ［C］of ［D］towards4.［A］replace ［B］purchase ［C］supplement ［D］dispose5.［A］enhance ［B］mix ［C］feed ［D］raise6.［A］vessels ［B］routes ［C］paths ［D］channels7.［A］self-confident ［B］self-sufficient［C］self-satisfied ［D］self-restrained8.［A］search ［B］save ［C］offer ［D］seek9.［A］proportion ［B］percentage ［C］rate ［D］ratio10.［A］genuinely ［B］obviously ［C］presumably ［D］frequentlyPart ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1①A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. ②When the United States entered just such a glowingperiod after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. ③Its scientists were the world s best; its workers the most skilled. ④(11)America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.①It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. ②Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. ③By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. ④Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. ⑤By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. ⑥(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) ⑦（12）Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. ⑧For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.①All of this caused a crisis of confidence. ②Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. ③They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. ④The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. ⑤Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.①How things have changed! ②In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. ③（14）Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. ④Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. ⑤“American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,”according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. ⑥“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,”says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. ⑦And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”［429 words］11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because.［A］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal［B］its domestic market was eight times larger than before［C］the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors［D］the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American.［A］TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market［B］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises［C］machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions［D］auto industry had lost part of its domestic market13. What can be inferred from the passage?［A］It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.［B］Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.［C］The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.［D］A long history of success may pave the way for further development.14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.［A］turning of the business cycle ［B］restructuring of industry［C］improved business management ［D］success in educationPassage 2①（15）Being a man has always been dangerous. ②There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. ③But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. ④Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. ⑤This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. ⑥More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. ⑦Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. ⑧Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.①There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children.②Few people are as fertile as in the past. ③Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. ④Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. ⑤Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. ⑥（16）Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.⑦India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. ⑧The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. ②Strangely, it has involved little physical change. ③No other species fills so many places in nature. ④But in the past 100, 000 years—even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. ⑤（17）We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. ⑥Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”⑦No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.［406 words］15. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?［A］A lack of mates. ［B］A fierce competition.［C］A lower survival rate. ［D］A defective gene.16. What does the example of India illustrate?［A］Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.［B］Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.［C］The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.［D］India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.17. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because.［A］life has been improved by technological advance［B］the number of female babies has been declining［C］our species has reached the highest stage of evolution［D］the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing18. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?［A］Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution.［B］Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution.［C］The Evolutionary Future of Nature.［D］Human Evolution Going Nowhere.Passage 3①（20）When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. ②With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.①This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. ②Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. ③（21）This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. ④We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. ⑤We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. ⑥Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.①Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. ②But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river —and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”①（22）This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. ②All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. ③The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?［334 words］19. This passage is mainly.［A］ a survey of new approaches to art［B］ a review of Futurist poetry［C］about merits of the Futurist movement［D］about laws and requirements of literature20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to.［A］determine its purposes ［B］ignore its flaws［C］follow the new fashions ［D］accept the principles21. Futurists claim that we must.［A］increase the production of literature［B］use poetry to relieve modern stress［C］develop new modes of expression［D］avoid using adjectives and verbs22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is.［A］based on reasonable principles［B］new and acceptable to ordinary people［C］indicative of a basic change in human nature［D］more of a transient phenomenon than literaturePassage 4①（23）Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. ②But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. ③Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.①The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. ②In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. ③In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.①While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking andmechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. ②（25）“Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored,”says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee. ③“Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.”④Last year Japan experienced 2，125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. ⑤Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. ⑥Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”①（26）But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. ②“In Japan,”says educator Yoko Muro, “it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.”③With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. ④Urban Japanese have longendured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. ⑤In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.［447 words］23. In the Westerners’ eyes, the postwar Japan was.［A］under aimless development ［B］ a positive example［C］a rival to the West ［D］on the decline24. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?［A］Women’s participation in social activities is limited.［B］More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.［C］Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.［D］The life-style has been influenced by Western values.25. Which of the following is true according to the author?［A］Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.［B］Japanese education is characterized by mechanicallearning as well as creativity.［C］More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.［D］Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.26. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that.［A］the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life［B］the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.［C］the Japanese endure more than ever before［D］the Japanese appreciate their present lifePassage 5①（27）If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. ②If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. ③（28）In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. ④What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. ⑤There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselves riding on them.①Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. ②Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.③（29）What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. ④Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. ⑤For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”①The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. ②As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. ③This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. ④Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. ⑤Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. ［431 words］27. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if.［A］its returns well compensate for the sacrifices［B］it is rewarded with money, fame and power［C］its goals are spiritual rather than material［D］it is shared by the rich and the famous28. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is.［A］customary of the educated to discard ambition in words［B］too late to check ambition once it has been let out［C］dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal［D］impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition29. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because.［A］they think of it as immoral［B］their pursuits are not fame or wealth［C］ambition is not closely related to material benefits［D］they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained.［A］secretly and vigorously ［B］openly and enthusiastically［C］easily and momentarily ［D］verbally and spirituallyPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures andtensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 35）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. ［390 words］Section ⅣWriting(15 points)36.Directions:A. Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay of at least 150 words.B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.C. Your essay should meet the requirements below:1）Describe the pictures.2）Deduce the purpose of the painter of the pictures.3）Suggest counter-measures.2000年英语试题答案Part ⅠCloze Test1. C2. A3. B4. A5. C6. D7. B8.D9. C 10. DPart ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 111. C 12. D 13.B 14. APassage 215.C 16.B 17.A 18.DPassage 319.B 20.A 21.C 22.DPassage 423.B 24.D 25.C 26.APassage 527.A 28.C 29.D 30.BPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation31.在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的集中控制措施，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。
2000年考研英语答案
2000年考研英语答案【篇一：2000年考研英语真题(含答案解析)】class=txt>part Ⅰclose testdirections：for each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［a］, ［b］, ［c］ and ［d］. choose the best one and mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)①if a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. ②he must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. ③he can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus. ④he must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. ⑤he may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways. ⑥if no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 .⑦he must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. ⑧naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. ［139 words］1.［a］ other than［b］ as well as［c］ instead of［d］ more than2.［a］ only if［b］ much as［c］ long before ［d］ ever since3.［a］ for ［b］ against［c］ of ［d］ towards4.［a］ replace［b］ purchase［c］ supplement ［d］ dispose5.［a］ enhance［b］ mix［c］ feed［d］ raise6.［a］ vessels［b］ routes［c］ paths［d］ channels7.［a］ self-confident ［b］ self-sufficient［c］ self-satisfied ［d］self-restrained8.［a］ search［b］ save［c］ offer ［d］ seek9.［a］ proportion ［b］ percentage［c］ rate ［d］ ratio10.［a］ genuinely ［b］ obviously［c］ presumably ［d］ frequentlypart Ⅱreading comprehensiondirections:each of the passages below is followed by some questions. for each question there are four answers marked ［a］, ［b］, ［c］ and ［d］. read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. then mark your answeron answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)passage 1①a history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. ②when the united states entered just such a glowing period after the end of the second world war, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. ③its scientists were the world?s best; its workers the most skilled. ④(11)america and americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the europeans and asians whose economies the war had destroyed.①it was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. ②just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. ③by the mid-1980s americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. ④some huge american industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. ⑤by 1987 there was only one american television maker left, zenith. ⑥(now there is none: zenith was bought by south korea’s lg electronics in july.) ⑦（12）foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. ?america’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. ⑧for a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which america had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.①all of this caused a crisis of confidence. ②americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. ③they began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. ④the mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes ofamerica’s industrial decline.⑤their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.①how things have changed! ②in 1995 the united states can look back on five years of solid growth while japan has been struggling. ③（14）few americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. ④self-doubt has yielded toblind pride. ⑤“american industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,”acco rding to richard cavanaugh, executive dean of harvard’s kennedy school of government. ⑥“it makes me proud to be an american just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says stephen moore of the cato institute, a think-tank in washington, dc. ⑦and william sahlman of the harvard business school believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the united states.”［429 words］11. the u.s. achieved its predominance after world war ii because. ［a］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal［b］its domestic market was eight times larger than before［c］the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors ［d］the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy12. the loss of u.s. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the american.［a］tv industry had withdrawn to its domestic market［b］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises ［c］machine-tool industry had collapsed aftersuicidal actions ［d］auto industry had lost part of its domestic market13. what can be inferred from the passage?［a］it is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride. ［b］intense competition may contribute to economic progress.［c］ the revival of the economy depends on international cooperate ［d］a long history of success may pave the way for further development.14. the author seems to believe the revival of the u.s. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.［a］turning of the business cycle［b］ restructuring of industry［c］ improved business management［d］ success in educationpassage 2（15）①being a man has always been dangerous. ②there are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. ③but the great universal of male mortality is being changed. ④now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. ⑤this means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. ⑥more important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. ⑦fifty years ago, the chance of ababy (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. ?a kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certaindeath. ⑧today it makes almost no difference. since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.①there is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. ②few people are as fertile as in the past. ③except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. ④nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. ⑤most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. ⑥（16）again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. ⑦india shows what is happening. ?the country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.⑧the grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class india compared to the tribes.for us, this means that evolution is over; the biological utopia has arrived. ②strangely, it has involved little physical change.③no other species fills so many places in nature. ④but in the past 100, 000 years—even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. ⑤（17）we did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. ⑥darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”⑦no doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. ?but however amazed our descendants may be at how far from utopia we were, they will look just like us.［406 words］15. what used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?［a］ a lack of mates. ［b］ a fierce competition. ［c］ a lower survival rate.［d］ a defective gene.16. what does the example of india illustrate?［a］ wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people. ［b］ natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor. ［c］ the middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.［d］ india is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.17. the author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because. ［a］ life has been improved by technological advance［b］ the number of female babies has been declining［c］ our species has reached the highest stage of evolution［d］ the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing18. which of the following would be the best title for the passage?［a］ sex ratio changes in human evolution.［b］ways of continuing man’s evolution.［c］ the evolutionary future of nature.［d］ human evolution going nowhere.passage 3①（20）when a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and ueasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may beregarded as normal. ②with regard to futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as literature.①this, in brief, is what the futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed.②consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. ③（21）this speeding up of life, says the futurist, requires a new form of expression.④we must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. ⑤we must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. ⑥instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.①certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. ②but it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a turkish and a bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river —and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “pluff! pluff! a hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”①（22）this, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as literature. ②all the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. ③the whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?［334 words］19. this passage is mainly.［a］ a survey of new approaches to art［b］ a review of futurist poetry［c］ about merits of the futurist movement［d］ about laws and requirements of literature20. when a novel literary idea appears, people should try to.［a］ determine its purposes［b］ ignore its flaws【篇二：2000年考研英语真题及答案解析】irections：for each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［a］, ［b］, ［c］ and ［d］. choose the best one and mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points) ①if a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. ②he must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. ③he can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus. ④he must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. ⑤he may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways. ⑥if no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 . ⑦he must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. ⑧naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. ［139 words］ 1.［a］ other than2.［a］only if 3.［a］ for4.［a］ replace5.［a］ enhance6.［a］ vessels［b］ as well as ［b］ much as［c］ instead of［c］ of ［c］ feed［d］ more than ［d］ towards［d］ dispose ［d］ raise［c］ long before［d］ ever since［b］ against ［b］ purchase ［b］ mix［c］ supplement［b］ routes ［c］ paths ［d］ channels7.［a］ self-confident ［c］ self-satisfied8.［a］ search9.［a］ proportion 10.［a］ genuinely directions:［b］ self-sufficient ［d］self-restrained ［c］ offer ［c］ rate ［d］ seek ［d］ ratio ［d］ frequently［b］ save［b］ percentage ［b］ obviously［c］ presumablypart Ⅱreading comprehensioneach of the passages below is followed by some questions. for each question there are four answers marked ［a］, ［b］, ［c］ and ［d］. read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. then mark your answeron answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points) passage 1①a history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. ②when the united states entered just such a glowing period after the end of the second world war, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. ③its scientists were the world?s best; its workers the most skilled. ④(11)america and americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the europeans and asians whose economies the war had destroyed.①it was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. ②just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. ③by the mid-1980s americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. ④some huge american industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. ⑤by 1987 there was only one american television maker left, zenith. ⑥(now there is none: zenith was bought by south korea’s lg electronics in july.) ⑦（12）foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into thed omestic market. ?america’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. ⑧for a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which america had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.①all of this caused a crisis of confidence. ②americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. ③they began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. ④the mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of america’s industrial decline. ⑤their sometimes sensationalfindings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.①how things have changed! ②in 1995 the united states can look back on five years of solid growth while japan has been struggling. ③（14）few americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the businesscycle. ④self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. ⑤“american industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to richard cavanaugh, executive dean of harvard’s kennedy school of government. ⑥“it makes me proud to be an american just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says stephen moore of the cato institute, a think-tank in washington, dc. ⑦and william sahlman of the harvard business school believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the united states.”［429 words］ 11. the u.s. achieved its predominance after world war ii because. ［a］ it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal ［b］ its domestic market was eight times larger than before［c］ the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors ［d］ the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy12. the loss of u.s. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the american. ［a］ tv industry had withdrawn to its domestic market［b］ semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises ［c］ machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions ［d］ auto industry had lost part of its domestic market 13. what can be inferred from the passage?［a］ it is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride. ［b］ intense competition may contribute to economic progress. ［c］ the revival of the economy depends on international cooperation. ［d］ a long history of success may pave the way for further development.14. the author seems to believe the revival of the u.s. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the. ［a］ turning of the business cycle ［c］ improved business management passage 2①（15）being a man has always been dangerous. ②there are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. ③but the great universal of male mortality is being changed. ④now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. ⑤this means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. ⑥more important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. ⑦fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. ?a kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. ⑧today it makes almost no difference. since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.①there is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. ②few people are as fertile as in the past. ③except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. ④nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. ⑤most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. ⑥（16）again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. ⑦india shows what is happening. ?the country offers wealth for a fewin the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.⑧the grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class india compared to the tribes.for us, this means that evolution is over; the biological utopia has arrived. ②strangely, it has involved little physical change.③no other species fills so many places in nature. ④but in the past 100, 000 years—even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. ⑤（17）we did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. ⑥darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly bey ond his comprehension.”⑦no doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. ?but however amazed our descendants may be at how far from utopia we were, they will look just like us.［406 words］ 15. what used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph? ［a］ a lack of mates.［b］ a fierce competition. ［d］ a defective gene.［c］ a lower survival rate.［b］ restructuring of industry［d］ success in education16. what does the example of india illustrate?［a］ wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people. ［b］ natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor. ［c］ the middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes. ［d］ india is one of the countries with a very high birth rate. 17. the author argues that our bodies havestopped evolving because. ［a］ life has been improved by technological advance ［b］ the number of female babies has been declining ［c］ our species has reached the highest stage of evolution ［d］ the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing 18. which of the following would be the best title for the passage? ［a］ sex ratio changes in human evolution. ［b］ways of continuing man’s evolution. ［c］ the evolutionary future of nature. ［d］ human evolution going nowhere. passage 3①（20）when a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and ueasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. ②with regard to futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as literature.①this, in brief, is what the futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed.②consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. ③（21）this speeding up of life, says the futurist, requires a new form of expression.④we must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. ⑤we must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. ⑥instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.s of battles are confused. ②but it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fightbetween a turkish and a bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river —and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “pluff! pluff! a hundred and eighty-five kilograms.” ①（22）this, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as literature. ②all the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. ③the whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?［334 words］ 19. this passage is mainly.［a］ a survey of new approaches to art ［b］ a review of futurist poetry［c］ about merits of the futurist movement ［d］ about laws and requirements of literature20. when a novel literary idea appears, people should try to. ［a］ determine its purposes ［c］ follow the new fashions 21. futurists claim that we must.［a］ increase the production of literature ［b］ use poetry to relieve modern stress ［c］ develop new modes of expression ［d］ avoid using adjectives and verbs 22. the author believes that futurist poetry is. ［a］ based on reasonable principles ［b］ new and acceptable to ordinary people ［c］ indicative of a basic change in human nature［b］ ignore its flaws ［d］ accept the principles［d］ more of a transient phenomenon than literature passage 4①（23）aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the united states and europe. ②but increasingly the japaneseare seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. ③ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobsas their primary reason for being, but now japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.①the coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. ②in a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of japanese students werefully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the united states. ③in addition, far more japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.①while often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. ②（25）“those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored,” says toshiki kaifu, chairman of the ruling liberal democratic party’s education committee. ③“frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.” ④last year japan experienced 2，125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. ⑤amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. ⑥last year mitsuo setoyama,who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the american occupation authorities after world war ii had weakened the “japanese morality of respect for parents.”①（26）but that may have more to do with japanese life-styles.②“in japan,” says educator yoko muro, “it’s never a questionof whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only howmuch you can endure.” ③with economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of japan’s 119 million citizenslive in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. ④urban japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. ⑤in the past decade, the japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the united states, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.［447 words］ 23. in the westerners’ eyes, the postwar japan was. ［a］ under aimless development ［c］ a rival to the west［b］ a positive example ［d］ on the decline24. according to the author, what may chiefly be responsiblefor the moral decline of japanese society? ［a］women’s participation in social activities is limited. ［b］ more workers are dissatisfied with their jobs. ［c］ excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics. ［d］ the life-style has been influenced by western values. 25. which of the following is true according to the author?［a］ japanese education is praised for helping the youngclimb the social ladder. ［b］ japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity. ［c］more stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity. ［d］ dropping out leads to frustration against test taking. 26. the change in japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that. ［a］the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life ［b］ the divorce rate in japan exceeds that in the u.s. ［c］ thejapanese endure more than ever before ［d］ the japanese appreciate their present life passage 5①（27）if ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. ②if the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. ③（28）in an odd way,however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. ④what is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. ⑤there is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselvesriding on them.①certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. ②summer homes, european travel, bmws—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand todaythan a decade or two years ago.③（29）what has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. ④instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of american materialism with a southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are eolled in private schools. ⑤for such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”。
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4.［A］ replace ［B］ purchase ［C］ supplement ［D］ dispose
5.［A］ enhance ［B］ mix ［C］ feed ［D］ raise
6.［A］ vessels ［B］ routes ［C］ paths ［D］ channels
10.［A］ genuinely ［B］ obviously ［C］ presumably ［D］ freuently
Part ⅡReading Comprehension
Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some uestions. For each uestion there are four answers marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and ［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the uestions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)
①If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. ②He must store a large uantity of consuming all his grain immediately. ③He can continue to support himself and his produces a surplus. ④He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers soil. ⑤He may also need money to construct and improve his farm in other ways. ⑥If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot ⑦He must either sell some of his property extra funds in the form of loans. ⑧［139 words］
7.［A］ self-confident ［B］ self-sufficient
［C］ self-satisfied ［D］self-restrained
8.［A］ search ［B］ save ［C］ offer ［D］ seek
9.［A］ proportion ［B］ percentage ［C］ rate ［D］ ratio
1.［A］ other than ［B］ as well as ［ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้］ instead of ［D］ more than
2.［A］ only if ［B］ much as ［C］ long before ［D］ ever since
3.［A］ for ［B］ against ［C］ of ［D］ towards
Passage 1
①A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if pr