熄焦车控制系统设计

摘要

熄焦车是煤焦化生产中的重要设备，将焦炉生产的赤热焦炭运送到熄焦塔熄焦，然后再把焦炭卸至凉焦台上。本设计要求的熄焦车的工艺要求有低速和高速两级速度，在接焦时要求电机车低速走行，接焦之后电机车高速运行，将焦碳送到熄焦塔，然后低速卸焦高速返回进行下一个周期。根据走行距离的远近，选择合适的速度运行，在到达目的地之前减速至对位速度(5或10m/min)确保对位精度。

在本系统中，主要的控制对象是电机，系统对于电机的控制是通过变频器来实现。通过可编程控制器和变频器跟电机共同构成变频调速系统，边陪你调速系统的设计主要是结合系统的静动态指标，本设计采用的交流电机拖动，其数学模型是一个高阶、非线性、强耦合的多变量系统。为使得控制精度达到工艺要求，本设计的交流变频调速系统主要采用了目前控制交流变频方面较为先进的矢量控制技术。矢量控制是通过坐标变换来实现的，其原理是将三相交流电通过坐标变换变成两相电，使得三相交流电机具有像直流电机一样的工作性质。

本设计的控制系统构成：根据马钢煤焦化公司熄焦车系统的改造要求，以使系统能适应现场的恶劣工作环境稳定运行且便于操作和维护，使系统的控制方式简单合理且具有较高自动控制水平为目的，提出采用Profibus-DP过程现场总线技术构成分布式控制系统，以西门子公司S7-300型PLC作为主控单元、西门子6SE70系列全数字矢量型变频调速装置控制三相异步电动机作为系统的主传动装置来构成熄焦车控制系统，完成干式熄焦车系统的各项控制任务。西门子公司的S7-300型PLC模块化微型PLC 系统，满足中、小规模的性能要求；各种性能的模块可以非常好地满足和适应自动化控制任务；简单实用的分布式结构和多界面网络能力，使得应用十分灵活，能满足本系统的设计要求。本设计采用的PROFIBUS—DP总线技术实现分布式控制，有效地简化了现场布线的复杂性，不仅节省大量电缆及敷设费用，而且调试维护简单方便，大大提高了。

关键字变频调速，PLC，现场总线，矢量控制

Abstract

coke quenching car is an important coal production equipment, production of red hot coke oven coke, coke quenching tower delivered to the coke quenching, and then unloaded to cool coke coke on stage. The design requirements of car coke quenching process requires two levels low and high speeds, when the requirements in the next focal low-speed motor vehicle courses, then focus after high speed motor vehicles, the coke to the quenching tower, and then high-speed low-speed unloading coke Returns the next cycle. Traveling distances based on, select the appropriate speeds, to slow down before reaching the destination of the bit rate (5 or 10m/min) to ensure alignment accuracy.

In this system, the main control object is a motor system for motor control is achieved through the inverter. Programmable controller and drive with the motor constitute the frequency control system, side control system designed to accompany your main system is a combination of static and dynamic targets, the design uses the AC motor drag, the mathematical model is a high , nonlinear and strongly coupled multi-variable system. Makes the control accuracy for the process requirements, the design of the AC frequency control system is mainly controlled by the current terms of the more advanced AC variable frequency vector control technology. Vector control is achieved by coordinate transformation, the principle is the transformation of coordinates into a three-phase alternating current through the two-phase power, making the three-phase AC motors have the same work as the nature of DC motors.

The design of the control system structure: According to the Maanshan Iron and Steel Company coal coking coke quenching car system transformation required to enable the system to adapt to the scene of the poor working environment and stable operation and easy to operate and maintain, the system control is simple and has a reasonably high the level of automatic control for the purpose of the process proposed by Profibus-DP fieldbus technology constitutes a distributed control system to Siemens S7-300 type PLC as main control unit, Siemens 6SE70 series of digital vector-based frequency control device control three-phase asynchronous motor as the system's main drive to form the coke quenching car control system, complete the dry coke quenching car system of the control tasks. Siemens PLC S7-300 type of micro-modular PLC system to meet the medium and small-scale performance